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Topical›Biology 9700›Gas exchange›The gas exchange system›Paper 1

The gas exchange system — Paper 1 · A Level Biology 9700

9.1· 273 questions · 273 marks · 328 min · 2004–2025· Multiple choice

Every Cambridge A Level Biology Paper 1 question on the gas exchange system, laid out as 82 A4 pages with the mark scheme below. Nothing is left out. Free to read, no account.

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Question 1: Which tissues are present in a bronchus? cartilage ciliated epithelium | smooth muscle A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v vQuestion 2: The diagram shows a record of a person’s breathing. The person breathed normally at the start, breathed in as deeply as possible and then b…Question 3: A smoker secretes excess mucus from the epithelial lining of the respiratory system. Which disease is likely to develop? A asthma B bronchi…1 / 82
Question 4: Which correctly shows the areas of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage, goblet cells, smooth muscle and cilia (ciliated epithelium…Question 5: The diagram shows stages in the development of the disease emphysema. chronic infection causing inflammation increased number of macrophage…2 / 82
Question 6: The photomicrographs show an artery from a non-smoker and a smoker. non-smoker smoker What is the reason that the smoker’s artery looks lik…Question 7: When climbing a very high mountain there is a risk of altitude sickness. What causes altitude sickness? A A high concentration of carbon di…3 / 82
Question 8: The diagram shows a magnified section through the lung tissue. 1 2 3 4 What are 1, 2, 3 and 4? 1 2 3 4 A alveolar epithelial cell blood cap…4 / 82
Question 9: The first diagram shows a spirometer, which is an apparatus used to measure changes in lung volume. The cover rises during exhalation and f…Question 10: Which cells or tissues are incorrectly paired with their function? cells / tissues function A cartilage reinforces the trachea B ciliated e…5 / 82
Question 11: The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep breath in, for three different people, X, Y and Z. …Question 12: Which tissues are present in a bronchus? 0 0O WwW > cartilage ~*~ KOM ciliated epithelium K& 4 smooth muscle << xQuestion 13: How would health improve if a person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes? A goblet cells secrete more mucus, allowing …6 / 82
Question 14: The diagram is a drawing made from an electron micrograph showing a cross-section of an alveolus and two adjacent capillaries. alveolar air…Question 15: The squamous epithelial cells of the alveoli form part of the gas exchange system. How do these cells assist gas exchange? 1 They contain m…Question 16: Which statements are correct effects of tar in tobacco smoke on the human gas exchange system? goblet cells are mucus glands in mutations …7 / 82
Question 17: The diagram shows a record of a person’s breathing. The person breathed normally at the start, breathed in as deeply as possible and then b…Question 18: Ciliated, goblet and squamous epithelial cells are found in various parts of the human lung and associated structures. Where are these cell…Question 19: A disease damages alveoli. Which effect does this have on the gas exchange surface area and volume of the lungs? surface area volume A decr…8 / 82
Question 20: An oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. What is the minimum number of cell sur…Question 21: What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 1 cartilage cells 2 ciliated cells 3 exocytotic vesicles A 1 and 2 B 1 and…Question 22: The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronc…9 / 82
Question 23: The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity. 6 volume / dm3 5 X 4 vital tidal 3 capacity volume 2 Y 1 0 time …Question 24: The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronc…10 / 82
Question 25: The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity. 6 volume / dm3 5 X 4 vital tidal 3 capacity volume 2 Y 1 0 time …Question 26: The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity. 6 volume / dm3 5 X 4 vital tidal 3 capacity volume 2 Y 1 0 time …11 / 82
Question 27: The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronc…Question 28: Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? tissue . epithelium with smooth cartilage goblet cells muscle A trach…Question 29: The diagram shows the volume of air breathed in and out while a person is breathing normally when at rest. They breathe out the deepest bre…12 / 82
Question 30: Which row correctly shows the areas of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage, cilia (ciliated epithelium), goblet cells and smooth m…Question 31: In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is less than the partial pressure of o…Question 32: Which of the effects listed occur as a result of inhaling both carbon monoxide and nicotine from cigarette smoke? 1 increased heart rate 2 …Question 33: During an investigation on gas exchange, three measurements were made on four people. The efficiency of gas exchange was the same in all fo…13 / 82
Question 34: In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion. Which row is correct? number of cell membranes diffused t…Question 35: A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of sections taken from different parts of the gas exchange s…Question 36: A person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes. Why would this person’s health improve? A goblet cells secrete more mucu…Question 37: What are the approximate diameters of a trachea, an alveolus, a bronchiole and a bronchus? trachea / mm alveolus / mm bronchiole / mm bronc…14 / 82
Question 38: What could occur as a result of inhaling the nicotine in tobacco smoke? A cilia lining the respiratory tract are paralysed, causing an incr…Question 39: Which effects does emphysema have? 1 surface area to volume ratio of lungs decreases 2 distance of the diffusion pathway increases 3 volume…Question 40: A person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes. Why would this person’s health improve? A goblet cells secrete more mucu…Question 41: A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of sections taken from different parts of the gas exchange s…15 / 82
Question 42: In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion. Which row is correct? number of cell membranes diffused t…Question 43: Where in the respiratory system are both goblet cells and ciliated epithelium found? trachea bronchi bronchioles v v x key J/ = found 0 …Question 44: What is an effect of inhaling tobacco smoke? A decreased mucus production B increased movement of cilia C less oxygen transport by blood D …Question 45: Which does not increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the alveoli? A The blood capillaries and alveoli have a large total surface a…Question 46: Where in the respiratory system are both goblet cells and ciliated epithelium found? trachea bronchi bronchioles v v x key J/ = found 0 …16 / 82
Question 47: Which does not increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the alveoli? A The blood capillaries and alveoli have a large total surface a…Question 48: What is an effect of inhaling tobacco smoke? A decreased mucus production B increased movement of cilia C less oxygen transport by blood D …Question 49: What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 1 cartilage cells 2 ciliated cells 3 exocytotic vesicles A 1 and 2 only B …Question 50: Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 1 The patient coughs a lot, bringing up mucus. 2 The patie…Question 51: What would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? tissue elastic fibres epidermis smooth muscle A v v v B v v x Cc v x v…17 / 82
Question 52: What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 1 cartilage cells 2 ciliated cells 3 exocytotic vesicles A 1 and 2 only B …Question 53: Which symptom is specific to emphysema? A excess mucus secretion by the goblet cells B inflammation of the bronchial epithelium C loss of e…Question 54: Some studies suggest that smoking increases the risk of developing lung cancer. The two graphs show the percentage of smokers and the death…18 / 82
Question 55: Some people find it difficult to breath out large volumes of air from their lungs. Their breathing is noisy and rapid. Which disease are th…Question 56: When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and extra mucus is produced. Which of these changes occ…Question 57: Which symptoms may be seen in a person affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? 1 persistent cough 2 less elastic alveoli …Question 58: Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? T-helper cells bronchioles infection A destroyed inflamed absent B destroyed narrowed pr…Question 59: An oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. What is the minimum number of cell sur…19 / 82
Question 60: Which statement about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not correct? A The disease can often be reversed by treatment. B The patient…Question 61: What can be observed about some of the tissues in a transverse section of a mammalian trachea? epithelium goblet cells cartilage A ciliated…Question 62: There is a lot of epidemiological evidence linking smoking to disease and early death. Which is the best description of ‘epidemiological’? …Question 63: Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? lymph glands alveoli bronchi infection A destroyed damaged inflamed absent B destroyed i…20 / 82
Question 64: The photomicrograph shows a section through part of a bronchus wall. X What is the function of the tissue labelled X? A contracts to constr…Question 65: Why is the inner lining of the bronchiole folded? A to allow for expansion during breathing B to facilitate gaseous exchange C to increase …Question 66: What are the effects of carbon monoxide and nicotine on the cardiovascular system? carbon monoxide nicotine A combines with haemoglobin inc…Question 67: What correctly describes the effect of carcinogens on lung tissue? A Cells of the alveoli walls divide more rapidly than normal by reductio…21 / 82
Question 68: A disease damages alveoli walls. What effect does this have on the gas exchange surface area and on the volume of the lungs? surface area v…Question 69: Which is a correct description of part of the gas exchange system? part of gas exchange system cartilage ciliated epithelium goblet cel…Question 70: Which tissues are present in a bronchus? cartilage ciliated epithelium | smooth muscle A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v v key Jv present X…Question 71: Which statements are correct effects of tar in tobacco smoke on the human gas exchange system? goblet cells are mucus alands mutations may…22 / 82
Question 72: Goblet cells are found in the trachea. Which organelles would be found in large numbers in a goblet cell? Golgi mitochondria ribosomes a…Question 73: Which row describes emphysema? total surface area lung tissue of the alveoli A less elastic decreased B less elastic increased C more elast…Question 74: The photomicrograph shows a section through two structures found in mammals viewed using a light microscope. X W ×40 Which row is correct? …23 / 82
Question 75: Which cells or tissues are not correctly paired with their function? cells / tissues function A cartilage supports the trachea B ciliated e…Question 76: Which could lead to chronic bronchitis? A deposition of allergens in airways causing smooth muscles to contract B excessive secretion and a…Question 77: What is the minimum number of cell membranes a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule of oxygen pass through during gas exchange between…Question 78: In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion. Which row is correct? number of cell membranes diffused t…Question 79: Which describes how substances in cigarette smoke increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis? 1 Carbon monoxide damages the endotheliu…24 / 82
Question 80: Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens A come into mutation uncontrolled cell → → contact…Question 81: Which could directly reduce the surface area available for gas exchange in human lungs? 1 emphysema 2 lung cancer 3 smoking A 1, 2 and 3 B …Question 82: The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronc…Question 83: Which row correctly identifies the effects of carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar? effect raises blood pressure causes gene mutation reduces …25 / 82
Question 84: The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a bronchus. X Y What is the function of the tissues X and Y? X Y A secrete mucus prevent …Question 85: Which component(s) of tobacco smoke cause an increase in blood pressure and clot formation? 1 carcinogens 2 nicotine 3 tar A 1, 2 and 3 B 1…Question 86: Peak Flow is used in hospitals to diagnose some lung diseases. It measures the maximum rate at which air can be breathed out from the lungs…Question 87: Which are effects on the body of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke? 1 It reduces the amount of haemoglobin available to transport oxygen. 2 …26 / 82
Question 88: The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep breath in, for three different people, X, Y and Z. …Question 89: Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens A uncontrolled → mass of cells come into contact →…Question 90: Which row correctly shows the areas of the gas exchange system that contain cartilage, ciliated epithelium, goblet cells and smooth muscle?…27 / 82
Question 91: Which observation would indicate a difference between the structure of the gas exchange system of a cigarette smoker and a non-smoker? A ab…Question 92: Asthma is a lung disease triggered by the inhalation of an allergen such as pollen or dust. The allergen triggers; ● bronchi and bronchiole…Question 93: Which row shows a function of each of the named tissues in the gas exchange system? cartilage ciliated epithelium smooth muscle elastic fib…28 / 82
Question 94: The graph shows the results of a study to determine whether there is a link between the number of cigarettes smoked by a mother and the bir…Question 95: What correctly describes the role of elastic fibres in the lungs? A They allow the walls of stretched alveoli to recoil as air is breathed …29 / 82
Question 96: The diagram represents a section through the wall of a bronchus (not to scale). 1 2 3 4 In a person with chronic obstructive pulmonary dise…Question 97: The symptoms of two diseases are listed. disease 1 disease 2 persistent cough shortness of breath pain when breathing wheezing loss of weig…Question 98: Which row identifies the effects on the body of nicotine in tobacco smoke? reduces the diameter of small increases the . combines with s…30 / 82
Question 99: Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share a number of common symptoms. Which symptom is typical of lung cancer and…Question 100: A person breathes in small particles from a very dusty environment. What effect will this have on B-lymphocytes and goblet cells? B-lymphoc…Question 101: What would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? tissue elastic fibres epidermis smooth muscle A v v v B v v x Cc v x …Question 102: Some symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are listed. 1 bursting of alveoli 2 increase in secretion of mucus 3 loss of …31 / 82
Question 103: Which row about the human gas exchange system is correct? trachea bronchus alveolus A cartilage present present absent B ciliated epitheliu…Question 104: Which of the effects are caused by breathing in both carbon monoxide and nicotine from cigarette smoke? 1 increased heart rate 2 increased …Question 105: Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 1 The disease can often be reversed by treatment. 2 The pa…Question 106: What is a correct location of cartilage and smooth muscle in the human gas exchange system? cartilage smooth muscle A bronchioles bronchiol…Question 107: Which factors maintain the diffusion gradient for carbon dioxide at the surface of the alveoli? 1 blood flow past the alveoli 2 breathing m…32 / 82
Question 108: The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls inwards so alveoli could collapse. Which statements c…Question 109: Some of the effects of smoking are listed. 1 It causes coughing. 2 It increases blood pressure. 3 It decreases the transport of oxygen. 4 I…Question 110: The photomicrograph shows a section through part of a bronchus wall. X What is the function of the tissue labelled X? A contracts to constr…33 / 82
Question 111: What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 1 cartilage cells 2 ciliated cells 3 exocytotic vesicles A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 …Question 112: Which parts of the human gas exchange system may typically contain macrophages? 0 0O WwW > trachea ~ « & bronchus x «KX bronchiole ~…Question 113: An oxygen molecule diffuses from the air in an alveolus through cells to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. What is the minimum number of cel…Question 114: A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of sections taken from different parts of the gas exchange s…Question 115: Which components of the human gas exchange system help to reduce the effects of carcinogens in tar? A cilia and goblet cells only B cilia a…34 / 82
Question 116: What is the minimum number of layers of phospholipids that a molecule of oxygen passes through when diffusing from the alveoli, through cel…Question 117: Which symptoms may be seen in a person affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? 1 persistent cough 2 less elastic alveoli …Question 118: A student viewed three slides at both low magnification and high magnification. Each slide was a section through a different airway of the …Question 119: Which organelle is present in large quantities in ciliated epithelial cells? A Golgi body B lysosomes C mitochondria D rough endoplasmic re…35 / 82
Question 120: In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is less than the partial pressure of o…Question 121: The image shown is a photomicrograph of a transverse section of part of the gas exchange system. What describes the image? A a thin inner l…Question 122: The table lists some of the effects of smoking. Which row shows the effect of nicotine and carbon monoxide? nicotine carbon monoxide A decr…36 / 82
Question 123: Which statement about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is correct? A The disease can often be reversed by treatment. B The dise…Question 124: Which tissues may be found in bronchioles? A cartilage, ciliated epithelium, glandular tissue B ciliated epithelium, elastic fibres, smooth…Question 125: Which of these statements could describe the effect of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke? 1 It binds irreversibly to haemoglobin. 2 It cau…Question 126: Which characteristic of the human gaseous exchange surface and the lungs, maintains the necessary concentration gradients for carbon dioxid…Question 127: Which identifies the tissues present in the trachea? cartilage A cilia B D C goblet cells37 / 82
Question 128: The photomicrograph shows a section through lung tissue. Which structures are present in this photomicrograph? artery vein bronchioles | …Question 129: Some of the requirements of an efficient gas exchange system are a large surface area and a short diffusion distance. What is correct about…Question 130: The diagram shows three types of cell found in the human gas exchange system. X Y Z Apart from causing cancer, which cell types will be dir…38 / 82
Question 131: Which description of part of the gas exchange system is correct? part of gas exchange system cartilage ciliated epithelium goblet cells…Question 132: When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and extra mucus is produced. Which changes occur during…Question 133: Which factors result from paralysis of cilia caused by smoking? 1 accumulation of mucus 2 increased chance of lung infection 3 emphysema 4 …Question 134: What is the minimum number of cell membranes a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule of oxygen pass through during gas exchange between…Question 135: A good gas exchange system maintains a steep diffusion gradient, has a large total surface area and a short diffusion distance. Which featu…39 / 82
Question 136: Which statement about bronchioles is correct? A They have cartilage and ciliated cells. B They have cartilage and elastic tissue. C They ha…Question 137: In which regions of the human gas exchange system is the function of some types of cell directly affected by tar in cigarette smoke? A bron…Question 138: The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a bronchus. X Y What is the function of the tissues X and Y? X Y A secrete mucus prevent …40 / 82
Question 139: Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens come into uncontrolled mass of cells A → mutation …Question 140: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes bronchitis and emphysema. Which symptom is specific to emphysema? A excess mucus secr…Question 141: What identifies the structures present in a bronchus? cartilage cilia A C D B goblet cells41 / 82
Question 142: The diagram shows three features found in tissues of the gas exchange system. ciliated epithelium cartilage Which tubes of the gas excha…Question 143: The diagram shows a magnified section of part of the lungs containing specialised tissues. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Which row is correct for structures …42 / 82
Question 144: A short-term effect of smoking is a decreased blood supply to the fingers and toes. Which component of cigarette smoke causes this effect? …Question 145: The symptoms of two diseases are listed. disease 1 disease 2 coughing up blood shortness of breath pain when breathing difficulty breathing…Question 146: Which of these structures contain cartilage and cilia? 1 bronchi 2 bronchioles 3 trachea A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 3 onlyQuestion 147: What correctly describes the effect of carcinogens on lung tissue that causes a tumour to develop? A Cells in damaged alveoli walls divide …Question 148: What helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus? A the flow of blood through the lungs B the pres…43 / 82
Question 149: The diagram shows three features found in the tissues of the gas exchange system. Y goblet ciliated cells epithelium X cartilage Which stru…Question 150: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD. People with emphysema have a very low level of a plasma protein which i…44 / 82
Question 151: The photomicrographs show a cross-section through the lining of part of the respiratory system. Which statements are correct? 1 Goblet cell…Question 152: In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell surface membranes by diffusion. Which row is correct? number of cell surface memb…Question 153: Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens come into mutation uncontrolled A → → contact with…45 / 82
Question 154: Which tissues are present in a bronchus? cartilage ciliated smooth epithelium muscle A Jv J J B Jv J x Cc v x v D x J J key J/ = present …Question 155: Cigarette smoke contains tar. Which statements describe the effect of tar on the respiratory system? 1 Tar causes goblet cells to increase …Question 156: Symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include a cough, breathlessness and chest infections. Some of the changes in the l…46 / 82
Question 157: The diagram shows three of the features found in tissues of the gas exchange system. ciliated goblet epithelium cells X cartilage Which str…Question 158: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes bronchitis and emphysema. Which row shows the effects of bronchitis? T-helper cells b…Question 159: Which statement about typical bronchioles is correct? A They have cartilage and ciliated cells. B They have goblet cells and smooth muscle.…47 / 82
Question 160: Tobacco smoke contains substances that affect the functioning of the human body. substance effect w nicotine 1 decreases oxygenation of hae…Question 161: Which row correctly describes the short-term effects of carbon monoxide and nicotine on the body of a smoker? demand for oxygen concentrati…Question 162: Which statements about bronchioles are correct? 1 They have ciliated cells. 2 They have goblet cells. 3 They have muscle tissue. A 1, 2 and…Question 163: Which features are important for the diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus? 1 blood pressure forces red blood cells through capillaries 2 …48 / 82
Question 164: Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? tissue epithelium with goblet cells A trachea Jv alveolus x B trach…Question 165: The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls inwards so alveoli could collapse. Which statements c…Question 166: How many layers of cell surface membrane separate an oxygen molecule in the air space of an alveolus from the nearest haemoglobin molecule?…Question 167: The drawing has been made from a section showing part of an alveolus and a red blood cell in a capillary. The magnification of the drawing …49 / 82
Question 168: The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronc…Question 169: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airflow through the airways is reduced. Which statements explain the reduced airflow? 1 Mo…Question 170: Which statement is correct? A Alveoli have goblet cells to produce mucus to trap pathogens from the air. B Cartilage in the bronchi keeps t…50 / 82
Question 171: Four types of cell in the gas exchange system are listed. alveolus epithelium cell ciliated cell T-T- KR CS goblet cell M smooth muscl…Question 172: Some symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are listed. 1 bursting of alveoli 2 loss of elastic fibres 3 increase in secr…Question 173: Which may contain ciliated epithelium? A trachea only B trachea and bronchi only C trachea, bronchi and bronchioles D bronchi, bronchioles …51 / 82
Question 174: Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? lymph glands alveoli bronchi infection A destroyed damaged inflamed absent B destroyed i…Question 175: The diagram represents three types of cell found in the human gas exchange system. X Y Z Which of these cell types could be affected when a…Question 176: The photomicrograph shows part of the lung as seen using a light microscope. 2 1 3 Which row correctly identifies the features labelled 1, …52 / 82
Question 177: How many times must a molecule of oxygen pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from inside an alveolus, through a cell in the…Question 178: Which structures are found in bronchi? smooth muscle A C B goblet cartilage D cellsQuestion 179: Which tissue in the respiratory system is correctly linked to its function? tissue function A cartilage stretch and recoil to force air out…Question 180: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes emphysema. Which effects does emphysema have on gaseous exchange? 1 surface area to v…Question 181: Which structures of the human gas exchange system are supported by cartilage? bronchus | bronchiole trachea key ¥ = cartilage present X =…53 / 82
Question 182: Carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar are components of tobacco smoke. Which row correctly describes their effect on a smoker’s body? carbon mo…Question 183: Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 1 The disease can often be reversed by treatment. 2 The pa…Question 184: A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of sections taken from different parts of the gas exchange s…54 / 82
Question 185: Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar. Which row correctly describes how these substances affect the body? carbon mono…Question 186: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In what order do these events occur as emphysema de…Question 187: If someone smokes cigarettes, what will be the immediate result of this action on the red blood cells? A Carbon monoxide will combine with …Question 188: Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 1 they have goblet cells 2 they have ciliated cells 3 they have muscle tissue A 1, 2 an…55 / 82
Question 189: The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep breath in, for three different people, X, Y and Z. …Question 190: The diagram shows a photomicrograph of part of a bronchus. Which label identifies smooth muscle? D A B CQuestion 191: Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 1 They have epithelium. 2 They have goblet cells. 3 They have muscle tissue. A 1, 2 and…56 / 82
Question 192: Which row shows the effects of emphysema? number of alveoli elastin capillaries A burst less decrease B burst more increase C shrink less i…Question 193: How many times must a molecule of carbon monoxide pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from an air space in an alveolus, thr…Question 194: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A person with emphysema has difficulties in breathing out. Why does em…Question 195: The table shows the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen in two blood vessels. partial pressure of partial pressure of gas in pulm…Question 196: What is the main reaction occurring in blood capillaries at the gas exchange surface in a human lung? A Carbonic acid dissociates into carb…57 / 82
Question 197: Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and in the wall of the bronchus? cartilage epithelium goblet cells…Question 198: In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is less than the partial pressure of o…Question 199: How many times must a molecule of carbon dioxide pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from the plasma, through a cell in the…Question 200: Which row correctly shows features present in terminal bronchioles? cartilage cilia smooth muscle A v Jv x key B Jv x Jv / = present Cc x …58 / 82
Question 201: The photomicrograph shows a section through lung tissue. Which structures are present in this photomicrograph? artery vein bronchus trach…Question 202: The symptoms of two diseases are listed. disease 1 disease 2 coughing up blood shortness of breath pain when breathing difficulty breathing…59 / 82
Question 203: The diagram shows three features found in the mammalian gas exchange system. ciliated goblet epithelium cells X cartilage Which structures …Question 204: The image shown is a photomicrograph of a transverse section of part of the gas exchange system. What describes the image? A a thin inner l…60 / 82
Question 205: Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and the wall of the bronchus? smooth squamous goblet muscle epithe…Question 206: When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and extra mucus is produced. Which changes occur during…Question 207: Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens come into mutation uncontrolled A   contact with…Question 208: Which statements explain why transpiration is an inevitable consequence of gas exchange in plants? 1 Hydrolysis reactions are taking place …61 / 82
Question 209: The diagram shows a magnified section of part of the lungs containing specialised tissues. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Which row is correct for the structu…Question 210: The table shows some parts of an animal’s lungs that contain different cell types. cell type present Partoflungs |) itiated | goblet smoo…62 / 82
Question 211: What helps to maintain a steep oxygen concentration gradient between the air in an alveolus and the blood? 1 Breathing in brings in a suppl…Question 212: Which statement helps to explain why there is no cartilage in the walls of the bronchioles? A Cartilage would make the bronchioles too narr…Question 213: The photomicrograph shows a cross-section of part of the gas exchange system of a mammal. V What is shown by the line labelled V? A the dia…63 / 82
Question 214: The photomicrographs show a cross-section through the lining of part of the respiratory system. Which statements about the photomicrographs…Question 215: The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls inwards so alveoli could collapse. Which statements c…Question 216: Which features are required to allow for efficient diffusion? 1 a large surface area 2 a short diffusion pathway 3 maintenance of a constan…Question 217: Which statements about the human gas exchange system are correct? 1 The absence of cartilage in small bronchioles allows them to expand. 2 …64 / 82
Question 218: Four types of cell in the gas exchange system are listed. -— K Cc alveolus epithelium cell ciliated cell goblet cell smooth muscle cell …Question 219: Which features are important for the process of diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus? 1 blood pressure forces red blood cells through cap…65 / 82
Question 220: A student viewed three slides at both low magnification and high magnification. Each slide was a section through a different airway of the …Question 221: The photomicrograph shows a section through a bronchus. Which annotated label is correct? C D cartilage keeps squamous epithelium allows th…66 / 82
Question 222: What can be found in the wall of an alveolus in the lungs of a human? elastic cartilage cilia fibres key v¥ = present X = not present …Question 223: What are the functions of cilia in the gas exchange system? 1. to move mucus 2 to trap pathogens and dust 3. to increase the surface are…Question 224: Two of the requirements of an efficient gas exchange system are a large surface area and a short diffusion distance. Which row correctly de…67 / 82
Question 225: A person with no breathing conditions rests for an hour. Their breathing in this time is shallow and slow, so little air from outside the b…Question 226: Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 1 They have epithelium. 2 They have goblet cells. 3 They have muscle tissue. A 1, 2 and…Question 227: Where are squamous epithelial cells found in the human gas exchange system? trachea bronchus alveolus v v v key v = found X = not found …Question 228: Which statement about gas exchange between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is correct? A The oxygen concentration…68 / 82
Question 229: The average thicknesses for some structures in the human respiratory system are shown. average structure thickness of structure / nm human …Question 230: Plants, such as the tobacco plant, retain very little of the water they take in and the volume of water lost during transpiration is very h…Question 231: The photomicrograph shows a part of the human gas exchange system with one tissue labelled P. P Which row is correct? part of gas function …69 / 82
Question 232: How many times must a molecule of oxygen pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from the airspace inside an alveolus, through …Question 233: Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 1 They have goblet cells. 2 They have epithelial cells. 3 They have muscle tissue. A 1,…Question 234: What is shown in the electron micrograph? ×850 A scanning electron micrograph of bronchial epithelium and lymphocytes B scanning electron m…Question 235: What is typically found in the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles in the human gas exchange system? A cartilage B ciliated epithelium C squam…70 / 82
Question 236: The photomicrograph shows a section through part of the human gas exchange system. Which structure is shown? A alveolus B bronchiole C bron…Question 237: Which factors are required for the efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the human gas exchange system? 1 clean and warm air …Question 238: Which of these structures typically contain cartilage and cilia? 1 bronchi 2 bronchioles 3 trachea A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 on…Question 239: Which statements about the function of tissues found in the human gas exchange system are correct? 1 Collagen in the bronchi prevents them …71 / 82
Question 240: How are alveoli adapted to their function? A They contain squamous epithelium for a short diffusion distance. B They contain goblet cells t…Question 241: The diagram shows oxygen diffusing from the space inside an alveolus into the blood through the gaseous exchange surface. thickness of alve…Question 242: Which tissues are present in a bronchus? . ciliated smooth cartilage an epithelium muscle Jv Jv Jv x x Jv Jv Jv key ¥ = present X = not …72 / 82
Question 243: Steep concentration gradients must be maintained for efficient gaseous exchange to occur in the human lungs. Which row correctly describes…Question 244: In the lungs, movement of dissolved carbon dioxide out of the capillaries occurs in one of two ways: ● by diffusion through the endothelial…Question 245: What maintains the steep concentration gradients needed for successful gas exchange in the lungs? 1 Air flow in the alveoli is in the oppos…Question 246: Where is cartilage tissue always found in the human gas exchange system? A in the trachea only B in the bronchi only C in the bronchioles a…73 / 82
Question 247: Scientists compared the density of goblet cells in the lungs and the density of mucus in the lungs of three groups of people: ● people who …Question 248: Which structure of the gas exchange system always contains cartilage? A alveoli B bronchiole C capillary D bronchusQuestion 249: Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs between air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries of the lung. Which partial pressures o…74 / 82
Question 250: The plan diagram shows a cross-section of a trachea. Which labelled tissue prevents the trachea from collapsing? B A C DQuestion 251: Which layers of cells does an oxygen molecule diffuse through when moving from an alveolus into an alveolar capillary? alveolus alveolar ca…Question 252: What is the function of cilia in the gas exchange system? A to increase the surface area B to move mucus C to produce mucus D to trap dust …75 / 82
Question 253: Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? tissue epithelium with smooth muscle goblet cells A trachea v J al…Question 254: The photomicrograph shows part of a bronchus. Which label identifies cartilage? D A B CQuestion 255: Which row shows the features of the gas exchange surface that increase diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen? concentration diffusion grad…76 / 82
Question 256: The electron micrograph shows some of the airways in the gaseous exchange system of an insect and the respiring body cells that surround th…Question 257: Which row is correct for the wall of the trachea and the wall of the bronchus? cartilage smooth goblet muscle cells A v v v key B Jv v x ¥…Question 258: Which structures are present in the trachea and also in all bronchioles? 1 cartilage 2 smooth muscle 3 epithelial cells A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 on…77 / 82
Question 259: The photomicrograph shows a section through part of the gas exchange system. Which tissue can be seen? A cartilage B ciliated epithelium C …Question 260: What is the function of the goblet cells in the gas exchange system? A to increase the surface area B to move mucus C to release mucus D to…78 / 82
Question 261: The scanning electron micrograph shows the inner surface of a human trachea. T What is the identity of the part of the electron micrograph …Question 262: Which rows correctly summarise the typical distribution of cartilage and smooth muscle within different parts of the gas exchange system of…Question 263: A molecule of oxygen diffuses from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. Assuming that the molecule crosses cellular l…79 / 82
Question 264: Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and the wall of the bronchus? ciliated smooth epithelium muscle c…Question 265: Which factors maintain the diffusion gradient for carbon dioxide at the surface of the alveoli? 1 blood flow around the alveoli 2 breathing…Question 266: The photomicrograph shows a transverse section of part of the human gas exchange system. Q P Which row shows the label and function of smoo…80 / 82
Question 267: Which feature of the human gas exchange system helps to maintain a steep diffusion gradient? A A large number of alveoli are present in eac…Question 268: Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and also the wall of the bronchus? ciliated squamous smooth epithe…Question 269: How many times must a carbon dioxide molecule pass through a cell surface membrane to travel from the tissue fluid into the blood plasma? (…Question 270: Two types of epithelial cells, 1 and 2, occur in the mammalian gas exchange system in a healthy human. 1 2 Which row shows the function and…81 / 82
Question 271: Which tissues would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? a elastic fibres smooth muscle x v key v x v v x x / = pre…Question 272: The diagram shows a transverse section through a human bronchus. Which labelled tissue is the cartilage? D A C BQuestion 273: What helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus? A the flow of blood through the lungs B the pres…82 / 82

Mark scheme273 answers

Answers below. Sit the paper first if you are practising.

Pastlit

Biology 9700 · The gas exchange system — Paper 1

A Level · topical answer key — answer key (teacher use)

Question

Answer

Marks

1A1
2B1
3B1
4D1
5C1
6B1
7B1
8A1
9A1
10C1
11C1
12A1
13D1
14B1
15C1
16C1
17D1
18A1
19B1
20D1
21D1
22B1
23A1
24B1
25A1
26A1
27B1
28B1
29A1
30D1
31A1
32B1
33B1
34D1
35C1
36D1
37A1
38B1
39C1
40D1
41C1
42D1
43A1
44C1
45C1
46A1
47C1
48C1
49D1
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Pastlit

Biology 9700 · The gas exchange system — Paper 1

A Level · topical answer key — answer key (teacher use)

Question

Answer

Marks

50A1
51C1
52D1
53C1
54D1
55C1
56B1
57D1
58D1
59D1
60A1
61B1
62B1
63C1
64D1
65A1
66A1
67C1
68C1
69B1
70A1
71C1
72A1
73A1
74A1
75C1
76B1
77D1
78D1
79D1
80A1
81B1
82B1
83C1
84D1
85D1
86B1
87C1
88C1
89A1
90D1
91C1
92B1
93A1
94C1
95A1
96B1
97D1
98B1
2 / 6

Pastlit

Biology 9700 · The gas exchange system — Paper 1

A Level · topical answer key — answer key (teacher use)

Question

Answer

Marks

99A1
100C1
101C1
102B1
103A1
104C1
105D1
106D1
107A1
108D1
109B1
110D1
111A1
112D1
113D1
114C1
115D1
116—1
117—1
118A1
119C1
120C1
121C1
122C1
123C1
124B1
125B1
126A1
127B1
128A1
129C1
130B1
131B1
132C1
133A1
134C1
135C1
136D1
137D1
138D1
139A1
140C1
141C1
142C1
143C1
144C1
145D1
146C1
147C1
3 / 6

Pastlit

Biology 9700 · The gas exchange system — Paper 1

A Level · topical answer key — answer key (teacher use)

Question

Answer

Marks

148A1
149D1
150A1
151D1
152D1
153A1
154A1
155C1
156D1
157D1
158C1
159D1
160D1
161D1
162C1
163A1
164A1
165D1
166C1
167D1
168B1
169B1
170B1
171C1
172A1
173C1
174C1
175A1
176C1
177C1
178B1
179B1
180C1
181D1
182B1
183D1
184C1
185D1
186B1
187C1
188D1
189C1
190C1
191B1
192A1
193C1
194C1
195A1
196D1
4 / 6

Pastlit

Biology 9700 · The gas exchange system — Paper 1

A Level · topical answer key — answer key (teacher use)

Question

Answer

Marks

197C1
198C1
199D1
200C1
201A1
202D1
203D1
204C1
205C1
206C1
207A1
208D1
209C1
210D1
211A1
212C1
213B1
214D1
215D1
216A1
217B1
218C1
219A1
220A1
221A1
222B1
223A1
224C1
225D1
226B1
227D1
228C1
229C1
230D1
231C1
232C1
233D1
234B1
235B1
236C1
237D1
238C1
239D1
240A1
241D1
242A1
243A1
244B1
245D1
5 / 6

Pastlit

Biology 9700 · The gas exchange system — Paper 1

A Level · topical answer key — answer key (teacher use)

Question

Answer

Marks

246D1
247C1
248D1
249B1
250A1
251C1
252B1
253A1
254B1
255B1
256A1
257A1
258C1
259D1
260C1
261B1
262C1
263D1
264A1
265A1
266D1
267C1
268C1
269B1
270D1
271C1
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Questions as text

Q1 · Which tissues are present in a bronchus? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

31 Which tissues are present in a bronchus? cartilage ciliated epithelium | smooth muscle A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v v

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

Q2 · The diagram shows a record of a person’s breathing 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

32 The diagram shows a record of a person’s breathing. The person breathed normally at the start, breathed in as deeply as possible and then breathed out as much as possible. start { 1 dm3 30 seconds What is a valid conclusion from the graph? A The person was carrying out strenuous exercise for the first 30 seconds. B The tidal volume was 500 cm3, the vital capacity was 3 750 cm3. C The person breathed in 1 000 cm3 during the first 50 seconds. D The rate of breathing for the first 30 seconds was 15 breaths per minute.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

Q3 · A smoker secretes excess mucus from the epithelial lining of the respiratory system 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

33 A smoker secretes excess mucus from the epithelial lining of the respiratory system. Which disease is likely to develop? A asthma B bronchitis C emphysema D lung cancer

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

Q4 · Which correctly shows the areas of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage, goblet… 9700/11 May/June 2006

31 Which correctly shows the areas of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage, goblet cells, smooth muscle and cilia (ciliated epithelium)? cartilage goblet cells smooth muscle cilia A bronchus alveoli bronchus bronchus bronchiole bronchiole alveoli bronchiole B trachea bronchiole bronchus trachea bronchus alveoli bronchiole bronchus C trachea trachea trachea bronchiole bronchiole bronchus alveoli alveoli D trachea trachea bronchus trachea bronchus bronchus bronchiole bronchiole

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2006

Q5 · The diagram shows stages in the development of the disease emphysema 9700/11 May/June 2006

32 The diagram shows stages in the development of the disease emphysema. chronic infection causing inflammation increased number of macrophages cells 1 invade tissue 2 walls releasing enzyme 3 which digests a molecule in the wall What is correct for 1, 2 and 3? 1 2 3 A lymphocytes alveoli elastase B lymphocytes bronchiole ligase C phagocytes alveoli elastase D phagocytes bronchiole ligase

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2006

Q6 · The photomicrographs show an artery from a non-smoker and a smoker 9700/11 May/June 2006

33 The photomicrographs show an artery from a non-smoker and a smoker. non-smoker smoker What is the reason that the smoker’s artery looks like this? A A cancerous tumour has formed and is blocking the lumen. B Nicotine has damaged the artery endothelium causing a plaque. C Tar has stuck to the artery wall forming a blockage. D The artery has become constricted due to carbon monoxide.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2006

Q7 · When climbing a very high mountain there is a risk of altitude sickness 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

29 When climbing a very high mountain there is a risk of altitude sickness. What causes altitude sickness? A A high concentration of carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood. B Oxygen partial pressure decreases. C Red blood cell production increases. D The proportion of oxygen in the air decreases.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

Q8 · The diagram shows a magnified section through the lung tissue 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

30 The diagram shows a magnified section through the lung tissue. 1 2 3 4 What are 1, 2, 3 and 4? 1 2 3 4 A alveolar epithelial cell blood capillary wall lumen of alveolus macrophage B blood capillary wall alveolar epithelial cell blood plasma phagocyte C wall of bronchiole arteriole wall lumen of bronchiole blood capillary wall D alveolar epithelial cell macrophage lumen of alveolus blood capillary wall

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

Q9 · The first diagram shows a spirometer, which is an apparatus used to measure changes in… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

31 The first diagram shows a spirometer, which is an apparatus used to measure changes in lung volume. The cover rises during exhalation and falls during inhalation, producing a trace on the rotating drum. The second diagram shows a typical trace from a spirometer. cover which rises as medical grade oxygen subject breathes out and falls as subject breathes in rotating drum water seal carbon dioxide absorber mouthpiece breathing tubes one way valves X lung Z volume Y time Which would give the vital capacity? A X + Y B X – Y C X + Z D Y + Z

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

Q10 · Which cells or tissues are incorrectly paired with their function? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2007

30 Which cells or tissues are incorrectly paired with their function? cells / tissues function A cartilage reinforces the trachea B ciliated epithelial cells move mucus over the surface of the trachea C goblet cells produce enzymes to destroy bacteria D smooth muscle constriction of the bronchioles

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2007

Q11 · The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2007

31 The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep breath in, for three different people, X, Y and Z. 5 X 4 Y 3 volume / dm3 2 Z 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 time / s What is an explanation for the differences shown? chronic bronchitis emphysema healthy lung function A X Y Z B X Z Y C Y Z X D Z Y X

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2007

Q12 · Which tissues are present in a bronchus? 9700/11 May/June 2008

33 Which tissues are present in a bronchus? 0 0O WwW > cartilage ~*~ KOM ciliated epithelium K& 4 smooth muscle << x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2008

Q13 · How would health improve if a person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking… 9700/11 May/June 2008

34 How would health improve if a person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes? A goblet cells secrete more mucus, allowing a greater number of pathogens to be trapped B increased numbers of phagocytic macrophages arrive in the lungs C less atheroma build-up on the inner lining of arteries, increasing lumen diameter D less carboxyhaemoglobin produced, increasing oxygen transport by haemoglobin

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2008

Q14 · The diagram is a drawing made from an electron micrograph showing a cross-section of an… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

4 The diagram is a drawing made from an electron micrograph showing a cross-section of an alveolus and two adjacent capillaries. alveolar air space fibre-secreting cell ×2500 What is the shortest distance travelled by an oxygen molecule diffusing from the alveolar air space into one of the red blood cells? A 1.0 µm B 3.0 µm C 10.0 µm D 30.0 µm

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

Q15 · The squamous epithelial cells of the alveoli form part of the gas exchange system 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

29 The squamous epithelial cells of the alveoli form part of the gas exchange system. How do these cells assist gas exchange? 1 They contain many mitochondria. 2 They have a large surface area. 3 They provide a short diffusion path. A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

Q16 · Which statements are correct effects of tar in tobacco smoke on the human gas exchange… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

30 Which statements are correct effects of tar in tobacco smoke on the human gas exchange system? goblet cells are mucus glands in mutations may occur | the activity of cilia stimulated to the trachea are in epithelial cells in the airays is secrete more mucus enlarged forming tumors inhibited 0 0O WwW > << x x KM S44 <4 x

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

Q17 · The diagram shows a record of a person’s breathing 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

31 The diagram shows a record of a person’s breathing. The person breathed normally at the start, breathed in as deeply as possible and then breathed out as much as possible. start 1 dm3 30 seconds What is a valid conclusion from the graph? A The person breathed in 1000 cm3 during the first 50 seconds. B The person was carrying out strenuous exercise for the first 30 seconds. C The rate of breathing for the first 30 seconds was 18 breaths per minute. D The tidal volume was 500 cm3, the vital capacity was 3750 cm3.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

Q18 · Ciliated, goblet and squamous epithelial cells are found in various parts of the human… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

32 Ciliated, goblet and squamous epithelial cells are found in various parts of the human lung and associated structures. Where are these cells located? squamous ciliated goblet epithelial A bronchiole trachea alveolus B bronchus bronchiole pulmonary vein C trachea pulmonary vein alveolus D trachea bronchus bronchiole

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

Q19 · A disease damages alveoli 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

30 A disease damages alveoli. Which effect does this have on the gas exchange surface area and volume of the lungs? surface area volume A decreased decreased B decreased no change C increased increased D increased no change

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

Q20 · An oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

31 An oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. What is the minimum number of cell surface membranes through which this molecule must pass? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

Q21 · What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

32 What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 1 cartilage cells 2 ciliated cells 3 exocytotic vesicles A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

Q22 · The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium 9700/11 May/June 2010

31 The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronchus all bronchioles alveolus A v v Jv x key B Jv J x x /¥ = present Cc x x v v X = absent D x x x v

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2010

Q23 · The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity 9700/11 May/June 2010

33 The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity. 6 volume / dm3 5 X 4 vital tidal 3 capacity volume 2 Y 1 0 time What happens to the volumes labelled X and Y during moderate exercise? volume X volume Y A decreases decreases B decreases increases C increases decreases D increases increases

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2010

Q24 · The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium 9700/12 May/June 2010

1 The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronchus all bronchioles alveolus A v v Jv x key B Jv J x x /¥ = present Cc x x v v X = absent D x x x v

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2010

Q25 · The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity 9700/12 May/June 2010

40 The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity. 6 volume / dm3 5 X 4 vital tidal 3 capacity volume 2 Y 1 0 time What happens to the volumes labelled X and Y during moderate exercise? volume X volume Y A decreases decreases B decreases increases C increases decreases D increases increases

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2010

Q26 · The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity 9700/13 May/June 2010

14 The diagram shows a spirometer trace with tidal volume and vital capacity. 6 volume / dm3 5 X 4 vital tidal 3 capacity volume 2 Y 1 0 time What happens to the volumes labelled X and Y during moderate exercise? volume X volume Y A decreases decreases B decreases increases C increases decreases D increases increases

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2010

Q27 · The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium 9700/13 May/June 2010

31 The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronchus all bronchioles alveolus A v v Jv x key B J/ = present Cc X = absent D << x v x x v x x v x x

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2010

Q28 · Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

30 Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? tissue . epithelium with smooth cartilage goblet cells muscle A trachea Jv Jv Jv alveolus v v x B trachea Jv Jv Jv alveolus x x x Cc trachea Jv Jv x alveolus x Jv Jv D trachea Jv Jv Jv alveolus x x Jv key / = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

Q29 · The diagram shows the volume of air breathed in and out while a person is breathing… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

32 The diagram shows the volume of air breathed in and out while a person is breathing normally when at rest. They breathe out the deepest breath they can and then breathe in as much as they can before breathing normally again. 1 lung 2 volume 3 6 6 4 time Which points would you use to calculate the vital capacity? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

Q30 · Which row correctly shows the areas of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

32 Which row correctly shows the areas of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage, cilia (ciliated epithelium), goblet cells and smooth muscle? cartilage cilia goblet cells smooth muscle A bronchiole, bronchus bronchiole, trachea bronchus, trachea bronchiole, trachea B bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus bronchus, trachea bronchiole, trachea C bronchiole, trachea bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus bronchiole, bronchus, trachea D bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus, trachea bronchus, trachea

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

Q31 · In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

33 In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is less than the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. Which would contribute to the description above? 1 A high proportion of alveoli are collapsed and do not have enough alveolar capillaries. 2 The degree of alveolar ventilation is too low for the cardiac output supplying most of the alveoli. 3 The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary arteries is lower than in the alveolar air. 4 The rate of diffusion of oxygen from the alveolar air to the surrounding alveolar capillaries is too slow. A 1, 2 and 4 B 1, 3 and 4 C 1 and 2 only D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

Q32 · Which of the effects listed occur as a result of inhaling both carbon monoxide and… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

34 Which of the effects listed occur as a result of inhaling both carbon monoxide and nicotine from cigarette smoke? 1 increased heart rate 2 increased risk of cardiovascular disease 3 increased risk of emphysema 4 increased risk of lung cancer A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2, 3 and 4 D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

Q33 · During an investigation on gas exchange, three measurements were made on four people 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

35 During an investigation on gas exchange, three measurements were made on four people. The efficiency of gas exchange was the same in all four people. Which person, A, B, C or D, absorbed most oxygen during normal breathing? breathing rate tidal volume total lung volume / breaths per minute / dm3 / dm3 A 14 0.6 6.4 B 15 0.6 6.0 C 16 0.5 6.4 D 17 0.5 5.8

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

Q34 · In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion 9700/11 May/June 2011

33 In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion. Which row is correct? number of cell membranes diffused through by oxygen from air carbon dioxide to air A 3 2 B 3 2 or 3 C 5 4 D 5 4 or 5

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2011

Q35 · A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of… 9700/11 May/June 2011

34 A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of sections taken from different parts of the gas exchange system. slide 1 not present: cartilage, glands present: few goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle slide 2 present: incomplete cartilage rings, glands, goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle slide 3 not present: cartilage, glands, goblet cells, smooth muscle present: squamous epithelial cells slide 4 present: plates of cartilage, glands, goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle Which is the correct identification of the parts of the gas exchange system? slide 1 slide 2 slide 3 slide 4 A alveolus bronchiole bronchus trachea B bronchiole bronchus alveolus trachea C bronchiole trachea alveolus bronchus D bronchus trachea bronchiole alveolus

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2011

Q36 · A person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes 9700/11 May/June 2011

35 A person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes. Why would this person’s health improve? A goblet cells secrete more mucus, allowing a greater number of pathogens to be trapped B increased numbers of phagocytic macrophages arrive in the lungs C less atheroma build-up on the inner lining of arteries, increasing lumen diameter D less carboxyhaemoglobin produced, increasing oxygen transport by haemoglobin

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2011

Q37 · What are the approximate diameters of a trachea, an alveolus, a bronchiole and a bronchus? 9700/12 May/June 2011

32 What are the approximate diameters of a trachea, an alveolus, a bronchiole and a bronchus? trachea / mm alveolus / mm bronchiole / mm bronchus / mm A 18 0.25 0.50 12 B 18 0.50 0.25 12 C 12 0.25 0.50 18 D 12 0.50 0.25 18

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2011

Q38 · What could occur as a result of inhaling the nicotine in tobacco smoke? 9700/12 May/June 2011

33 What could occur as a result of inhaling the nicotine in tobacco smoke? A cilia lining the respiratory tract are paralysed, causing an increase in the secretion of mucus from enlarged goblet cells B diffusion into blood capillaries followed by the release of adrenaline, which increases blood pressure and heart rate C diffusion into the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, increasing the risk of mutation and acting as a potential carcinogen D dissolves in the lining of the alveoli, causing a breakdown in the alveolar walls and a decrease in surface area for gas exchange

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2011

Q39 · Which effects does emphysema have? 9700/12 May/June 2011

34 Which effects does emphysema have? 1 surface area to volume ratio of lungs decreases 2 distance of the diffusion pathway increases 3 volume of oxygen diffused per unit time decreases A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2011

Q40 · A person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes 9700/13 May/June 2011

16 A person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes. Why would this person’s health improve? A goblet cells secrete more mucus, allowing a greater number of pathogens to be trapped B increased numbers of phagocytic macrophages arrive in the lungs C less atheroma build-up on the inner lining of arteries, increasing lumen diameter D less carboxyhaemoglobin produced, increasing oxygen transport by haemoglobin

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2011

Q41 · A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of… 9700/13 May/June 2011

17 A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of sections taken from different parts of the gas exchange system. slide 1 not present: cartilage, glands present: few goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle slide 2 present: incomplete cartilage rings, glands, goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle slide 3 not present: cartilage, glands, goblet cells, smooth muscle present: squamous epithelial cells slide 4 present: plates of cartilage, glands, goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle Which is the correct identification of the parts of the gas exchange system? slide 1 slide 2 slide 3 slide 4 A alveolus bronchiole bronchus trachea B bronchiole bronchus alveolus trachea C bronchiole trachea alveolus bronchus D bronchus trachea bronchiole alveolus

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2011

Q42 · In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion 9700/13 May/June 2011

18 In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion. Which row is correct? number of cell membranes diffused through by oxygen from air carbon dioxide to air A 3 2 B 3 2 or 3 C 5 4 D 5 4 or 5

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2011

Q43 · Where in the respiratory system are both goblet cells and ciliated epithelium found? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

32 Where in the respiratory system are both goblet cells and ciliated epithelium found? trachea bronchi bronchioles v v x key J/ = found 0 0O DW > Jv x x x Jv Jv X = not found x x Jv

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

Q44 · What is an effect of inhaling tobacco smoke? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

33 What is an effect of inhaling tobacco smoke? A decreased mucus production B increased movement of cilia C less oxygen transport by blood D narrowing of the bronchioles

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

Q45 · Which does not increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the alveoli? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

34 Which does not increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the alveoli? A The blood capillaries and alveoli have a large total surface area. B The blood flow is slowed as it passes through the pulmonary capillaries. C The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are moist. D The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are very thin.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

Q46 · Where in the respiratory system are both goblet cells and ciliated epithelium found? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

10 Where in the respiratory system are both goblet cells and ciliated epithelium found? trachea bronchi bronchioles v v x key J/ = found 0 0O DW > Jv x x x Jv Jv X = not found x x Jv

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

Q47 · Which does not increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the alveoli? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

11 Which does not increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the alveoli? A The blood capillaries and alveoli have a large total surface area. B The blood flow is slowed as it passes through the pulmonary capillaries. C The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are moist. D The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are very thin.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

Q48 · What is an effect of inhaling tobacco smoke? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

12 What is an effect of inhaling tobacco smoke? A decreased mucus production B increased movement of cilia C less oxygen transport by blood D narrowing of the bronchioles

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

Q49 · What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 9700/11 May/June 2012

33 What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 1 cartilage cells 2 ciliated cells 3 exocytotic vesicles A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2012

Q50 · Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 9700/12 May/June 2012

32 Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 1 The patient coughs a lot, bringing up mucus. 2 The patient’s symptoms normally do not change. 3 The patient is normally over 30 years old. 4 The disease can often be reversed by treatment. A 1, 2 and 3 only B 1, 2 and 4 only C 2, 3 and 4 only D 1, 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2012

Q51 · What would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? 9700/12 May/June 2012

33 What would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? tissue elastic fibres epidermis smooth muscle A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v x key v¥ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2012

Q52 · What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 9700/13 May/June 2012

39 What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 1 cartilage cells 2 ciliated cells 3 exocytotic vesicles A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2012

Q53 · Which symptom is specific to emphysema? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

31 Which symptom is specific to emphysema? A excess mucus secretion by the goblet cells B inflammation of the bronchial epithelium C loss of elasticity of the alveolar walls D thickening of the smooth muscle of the bronchi

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

Q54 · Some studies suggest that smoking increases the risk of developing lung cancer 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

33 Some studies suggest that smoking increases the risk of developing lung cancer. The two graphs show the percentage of smokers and the deaths from lung cancer in men of two age groups between 1950 and 1998. 500 80 400 smokers / 60 deaths per 300 percentage 100 000 of 40 age group 200 of age group 20 100 0 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 year year key men aged 35 – 59 years men aged 60 – 74 years Which statement is not supported by the data in the graphs? A Deaths from lung cancer in men aged 35-59 years decreased by 50 % over the period of the study. B Deaths from lung cancer in men aged 60-74 years increased up to 1970. C The data for men aged 60-74 years between 1950 to 1970 suggests that lung cancer takes up to 20 years to develop. D The number of men aged 35-59 years who were smokers decreased by approximately 60 % over the period of the study.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

Q55 · Some people find it difficult to breath out large volumes of air from their lungs 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2012

32 Some people find it difficult to breath out large volumes of air from their lungs. Their breathing is noisy and rapid. Which disease are they likely to be suffering from? A atherosclerosis B coronary heart disease C emphysema D lung cancer

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2012

Q56 · When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

30 When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and extra mucus is produced. Which of these changes occur during an asthma attack? 1 Activity of ciliated epithelium increases. 2 Endocytosis in goblet cells increases. 3 Smooth muscles more active. A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

Q57 · Which symptoms may be seen in a person affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

31 Which symptoms may be seen in a person affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? 1 persistent cough 2 less elastic alveoli 3 increased risk of lung infection 4 shortness of breath A 1 and 4 only B 1, 2 and 3 only C 2, 3 and 4 only D 1, 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

Q58 · Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

32 Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? T-helper cells bronchioles infection A destroyed inflamed absent B destroyed narrowed present C increased stiffened absent D increased scarred present

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

Q59 · An oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

33 An oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. What is the minimum number of cell surface membranes through which this molecule must pass? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

Q60 · Which statement about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not correct? 9700/11 May/June 2013

33 Which statement about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not correct? A The disease can often be reversed by treatment. B The patient coughs a lot, bringing up mucus. C The patients are normally over 30 years old. D The patient’s symptoms normally do not change.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2013

Q61 · What can be observed about some of the tissues in a transverse section of a mammalian… 9700/12 May/June 2013

33 What can be observed about some of the tissues in a transverse section of a mammalian trachea? epithelium goblet cells cartilage A ciliated present in blocks B ciliated present in C-shaped rings C non-ciliated absent in blocks D non-ciliated absent in C-shaped rings

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2013

Q62 · There is a lot of epidemiological evidence linking smoking to disease and early death 9700/12 May/June 2013

34 There is a lot of epidemiological evidence linking smoking to disease and early death. Which is the best description of ‘epidemiological’? A Disease and deaths are not randomly distributed in small populations. B Disease and deaths are not randomly distributed in the whole population. C Disease and deaths are only randomly distributed in large populations. D Disease and deaths are randomly distributed in the whole population.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2013

Q63 · Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? 9700/12 May/June 2013

35 Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? lymph glands alveoli bronchi infection A destroyed damaged inflamed absent B destroyed inflamed scarred absent C swollen damaged scarred present D swollen inflamed inflamed present

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2013

Q64 · The photomicrograph shows a section through part of a bronchus wall 9700/13 May/June 2013

33 The photomicrograph shows a section through part of a bronchus wall. X What is the function of the tissue labelled X? A contracts to constrict the airway B helps to widen the airway after an allergic reaction C produces mucus to trap dust particles and bacteria D supports the airway to prevent collapse

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2013

Q65 · Why is the inner lining of the bronchiole folded? 9700/13 May/June 2013

34 Why is the inner lining of the bronchiole folded? A to allow for expansion during breathing B to facilitate gaseous exchange C to increase the surface area D to trap foreign particles

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2013

Q66 · What are the effects of carbon monoxide and nicotine on the cardiovascular system? 9700/13 May/June 2013

35 What are the effects of carbon monoxide and nicotine on the cardiovascular system? carbon monoxide nicotine A combines with haemoglobin increases blood pressure B combines with haemoglobin reduces heart rate C reduces blood pressure increases heart rate D reduces heart rate combines with haemoglobin

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2013

Q67 · What correctly describes the effect of carcinogens on lung tissue? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

31 What correctly describes the effect of carcinogens on lung tissue? A Cells of the alveoli walls divide more rapidly than normal by reduction division causing a tumour to develop. B Cilia are paralysed and mucus accumulates in the lungs, causing DNA to change and a tumour to develop. C DNA changes, causing bronchial epithelial cells to divide by mitosis in an uncontrolled way, causing a tumour to develop. D Haemoglobin carries less oxygen, causing bronchial cells to divide by mitosis in an uncontrolled way, causing a tumour to develop.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

Q68 · A disease damages alveoli walls 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

32 A disease damages alveoli walls. What effect does this have on the gas exchange surface area and on the volume of the lungs? surface area volume A decreased decreased B decreased increased C decreased no change D no change no change

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

Q69 · Which is a correct description of part of the gas exchange system? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

33. Which is a correct description of part of the gas exchange system? part of gas exchange system cartilage ciliated epithelium goblet cells smooth muscle 0 Oo WwW > alveolus bronchus bronchiole trachea \ & \ x SK KK <4 x «x « & x key v present X absent

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

Q70 · Which tissues are present in a bronchus? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2013

32 Which tissues are present in a bronchus? cartilage ciliated epithelium | smooth muscle A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v v key Jv present X absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2013

Q71 · Which statements are correct effects of tar in tobacco smoke on the human gas exchange… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2013

33 Which statements are correct effects of tar in tobacco smoke on the human gas exchange system? goblet cells are mucus alands mutations may the activity of stimulated to in the aches occur in epithelial cilia in the secrete more are enlaraed cells forming airways is mucus g tumours inhibited A Jv v x x key B x v v v Jv correct Cc v v v v X not correct D v x v v

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2013

Q72 · Goblet cells are found in the trachea 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2013

31 Goblet cells are found in the trachea. Which organelles would be found in large numbers in a goblet cell? Golgi mitochondria ribosomes apparatus J key ¥ = present in large numbers X = not present in large numbers 00NO WwW > Kk 4 4 QS 4 O&M v v x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2013

Q73 · Which row describes emphysema? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2013

33 Which row describes emphysema? total surface area lung tissue of the alveoli A less elastic decreased B less elastic increased C more elastic decreased D more elastic increased

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2013

Q74 · The photomicrograph shows a section through two structures found in mammals viewed using… 9700/11 May/June 2014

31 The photomicrograph shows a section through two structures found in mammals viewed using a light microscope. X W ×40 Which row is correct? W X feature A artery vein X contains cells with haemoglobinic acid B bronchiole vein X contains cells with oxyhaemoglobin C trachea artery the lumen of W allows air to pass through D vein atrium W contains deoxygenated blood

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2014

Q75 · Which cells or tissues are not correctly paired with their function? 9700/11 May/June 2014

32 Which cells or tissues are not correctly paired with their function? cells / tissues function A cartilage supports the trachea B ciliated epithelial cells move mucus over the surface of the trachea C goblet cells produce enzymes to destroy bacteria D smooth muscle constriction of some of the bronchioles

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2014

Q76 · Which could lead to chronic bronchitis? 9700/11 May/June 2014

33 Which could lead to chronic bronchitis? A deposition of allergens in airways causing smooth muscles to contract B excessive secretion and accumulation of mucus and destruction of many cilia in the airways C infection of airways leading to phagocytes destroying the elastin in the alveoli D mutation in epithelial cells in airways caused by inhaled chemicals

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2014

Q77 · What is the minimum number of cell membranes a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule… 9700/11 May/June 2014

34 What is the minimum number of cell membranes a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule of oxygen pass through during gas exchange between alveoli and the capillaries? carbon dioxide oxygen A 2 4 B 3 5 C 4 5 D 4 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2014

Q78 · In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion 9700/12 May/June 2014

30 In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell membranes by diffusion. Which row is correct? number of cell membranes diffused through by oxygen from air carbon dioxide to air A 3 2 B 3 2 or 3 C 5 4 D 5 4 or 5

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

Q79 · Which describes how substances in cigarette smoke increase the risk of developing… 9700/12 May/June 2014

31 Which describes how substances in cigarette smoke increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis? 1 Carbon monoxide damages the endothelium of the arteries. 2 Nicotine makes platelets sticky. 3 Nicotine stimulates the release of adrenaline. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

Q80 · Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? 9700/12 May/June 2014

32 Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens A come into mutation uncontrolled cell → → contact with occurs division DNA mucus goblet cells phagocytes B accumulates secrete more → → attracted by causing mucus inflammation infection mucus phagocytes elastase C accumulates → attracted by → destroys the causing infection inflammation alveolar walls phagocytes causes D mutation → attracted by → irritation and occurs inflammation coughing

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

Q81 · Which could directly reduce the surface area available for gas exchange in human lungs? 9700/12 May/June 2014

33 Which could directly reduce the surface area available for gas exchange in human lungs? 1 emphysema 2 lung cancer 3 smoking A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

Q82 · The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium 9700/13 May/June 2014

33 The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronchus all bronchioles A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v v key /¥ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2014

Q83 · Which row correctly identifies the effects of carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar? 9700/13 May/June 2014

35 Which row correctly identifies the effects of carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar? effect raises blood pressure causes gene mutation reduces oxygenation of blood A carbon monoxide nicotine tar B nicotine nicotine carbon monoxide C nicotine tar carbon monoxide D tar carbon monoxide nicotine

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2014

Q84 · The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a bronchus 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

29 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a bronchus. X Y What is the function of the tissues X and Y? X Y A secrete mucus prevent collapse of the airway B support the airway dilate airway C trap dust and dirt secrete mucus D waft dust and dirt upwards constrict airway

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

Q85 · Which component(s) of tobacco smoke cause an increase in blood pressure and clot… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

30 Which component(s) of tobacco smoke cause an increase in blood pressure and clot formation? 1 carcinogens 2 nicotine 3 tar A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 2 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

Q86 · Peak Flow is used in hospitals to diagnose some lung diseases 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

31 Peak Flow is used in hospitals to diagnose some lung diseases. It measures the maximum rate at which air can be breathed out from the lungs. How will the Peak Flow for a person with emphysema differ from that for a healthy person? A It falls as carbon monoxide reduces oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. B It falls as elastic fibres are damaged in the alveoli. C It remains constant as the damage to the lungs does not affect the lung volume. D It rises as larger air spaces make it easier for the air to flow.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

Q87 · Which are effects on the body of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

32 Which are effects on the body of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke? 1 It reduces the amount of haemoglobin available to transport oxygen. 2 It reduces the rate of diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood. 3 It inhibits the release of oxygen from haemoglobin. A 1, 2 and 3 B 2 and 3 only C 1 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

Q88 · The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

33 The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep breath in, for three different people, X, Y and Z. 5 X 4 Y 3 volume / dm3 2 Z 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 time / s What is a possible explanation for the differences in the volume of air breathed out by these people shown? chronic bronchitis emphysema normal lung function A X Z Y B Y X Z C Y Z X D Z Y X

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

Q89 · Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

34 Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens A uncontrolled → mass of cells come into contact → mutation occurs → cell division produced with DNA mucus goblet cells phagocytes B accumulates causes irritation secrete more → → attracted by → causing and coughing mucus inflammation infection goblet cells phagocytes C mass of cells secrete more → mutation occurs → attracted by → produced mucus inflammation phagocytes D uncontrolled elastase destroys attracted by → mutation occurs → → cell division the alveolar walls inflammation

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

Q90 · Which row correctly shows the areas of the gas exchange system that contain cartilage… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

30 Which row correctly shows the areas of the gas exchange system that contain cartilage, ciliated epithelium, goblet cells and smooth muscle? cartilage ciliated epithelium goblet cells smooth muscle A bronchiole, trachea bronchiole, trachea bronchus, trachea bronchiole, trachea B bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus bronchus, trachea bronchiole, trachea C bronchiole, trachea bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus bronchiole, bronchus, trachea D bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus, trachea bronchus, trachea

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

Q91 · Which observation would indicate a difference between the structure of the gas exchange… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

31 Which observation would indicate a difference between the structure of the gas exchange system of a cigarette smoker and a non-smoker? A absence of ciliated epithelium B decrease in elastic fibres C enlargement of goblet cells D increase in smooth muscle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

Q92 · Asthma is a lung disease triggered by the inhalation of an allergen such as pollen or dust 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

32 Asthma is a lung disease triggered by the inhalation of an allergen such as pollen or dust. The allergen triggers; ● bronchi and bronchioles to become inflamed and narrow ● goblet cells lining these airways to secrete excess mucus. Which effects will these responses have on the gaseous exchange system of a person with asthma? 1 decrease the diffusion gradient for oxygen in the lungs 2 increase the diffusion distance from the alveoli into the blood 3 increase the risk of developing a lung infection A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

Q93 · Which row shows a function of each of the named tissues in the gas exchange system? 9700/11 May/June 2015

31 Which row shows a function of each of the named tissues in the gas exchange system? cartilage ciliated epithelium smooth muscle elastic fibres A keep the move mucus out change the allows alveoli to airways open of the airways diameter of the expand during bronchioles breathing in B prevent choking secrete mucus contracts to helps to support increase air flow the trachea C prevent the keep a layer of trap bacteria and cause elastic recoil trachea collapsing mucus lining the dirt in air when breathing out when coughing air ways D support the small trap bacteria and control the flow of allows stretching bronchioles dirt in air air to and from the of trachea for alveoli movement

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2015

Q94 · The graph shows the results of a study to determine whether there is a link between the… 9700/11 May/June 2015

32 The graph shows the results of a study to determine whether there is a link between the number of cigarettes smoked by a mother and the birth weight of her baby. birth weight of babies / kg 0 10 20 30 40 50 number of cigarettes smoked by mother each day Which conclusions can be drawn from this graph? 1 As the number of cigarettes smoked increases, the weight of the baby always decreases. 2 Factors, other than smoking, affect the birth weight of a baby. 3 Nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide slow the growth of an unborn baby. 4 The majority of all smokers smoke between 10 and 35 cigarettes per day. A 1, 2 and 3 B 2, 3 and 4 C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2015

Q95 · What correctly describes the role of elastic fibres in the lungs? 9700/12 May/June 2015

31 What correctly describes the role of elastic fibres in the lungs? A They allow the walls of stretched alveoli to recoil as air is breathed out. B They increase in the walls of alveoli as a result of the release of the enzyme elastase. C They increase in the walls of the alveoli as emphysema develops. D They prevent the walls of the alveoli from collapsing as air is breathed in.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2015

Q96 · The diagram represents a section through the wall of a bronchus (not to scale) 9700/12 May/June 2015

32 The diagram represents a section through the wall of a bronchus (not to scale). 1 2 3 4 In a person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), what happens in each of the numbered structures? 1 2 3 4 A contracts contracts inhibited not affected B contracts not affected overactive inhibited C relaxes contracts inhibited paralysed D relaxes not affected overactive overactive

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2015

Q97 · The symptoms of two diseases are listed 9700/12 May/June 2015

33 The symptoms of two diseases are listed. disease 1 disease 2 persistent cough shortness of breath pain when breathing wheezing loss of weight fatigue Which row identifies diseases 1 and 2? disease 1 disease 2 A chronic bronchitis emphysema B emphysema lung cancer C lung cancer chronic bronchitis D lung cancer emphysema

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2015

Q98 · Which row identifies the effects on the body of nicotine in tobacco smoke? 9700/13 May/June 2015

31 Which row identifies the effects on the body of nicotine in tobacco smoke? reduces the diameter of small increases the . combines with secretion of haemoglobin arteries (arterioles) adrenaline A v v v key B v v x ¥ = true Cc v x v X = false D x v v

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2015

Q99 · Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share a number of common… 9700/13 May/June 2015

32 Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share a number of common symptoms. Which symptom is typical of lung cancer and not COPD? A coughing up blood B mucus production increases C persistent cough that does not go away D wheezing (difficulty breathing)

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2015

Q100 · A person breathes in small particles from a very dusty environment 9700/13 May/June 2015

33 A person breathes in small particles from a very dusty environment. What effect will this have on B-lymphocytes and goblet cells? B-lymphocytes goblet cells A less active more active B less active no change C more active more active D no change less active

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2015

Q101 · What would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

32 What would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? tissue elastic fibres epidermis smooth muscle A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v x key /¥ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

Q102 · Some symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are listed 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

34 Some symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are listed. 1 bursting of alveoli 2 increase in secretion of mucus 3 loss of elastic fibres 4 narrowing of airways 5 reduction in surface area for gaseous exchange Which of these are also the symptoms of emphysema? A 1, 2 and 4 B 1, 3 and 5 C 2, 3 and 4 D 2, 4 and 5

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

Q103 · Which row about the human gas exchange system is correct? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

31 Which row about the human gas exchange system is correct? trachea bronchus alveolus A cartilage present present absent B ciliated epithelium absent present absent C goblet cells present absent absent D smooth muscle present present present

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

Q104 · Which of the effects are caused by breathing in both carbon monoxide and nicotine from… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

32 Which of the effects are caused by breathing in both carbon monoxide and nicotine from cigarette smoke? 1 increased heart rate 2 increased risk of cardiovascular disease 3 increased risk of emphysema 4 increased risk of lung cancer A 1, 2 and 3 B 2, 3 and 4 C 1 and 2 only D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

Q105 · Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

33 Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 1 The disease can often be reversed by treatment. 2 The patient’s symptoms normally do not change. 3 The patient is normally over 30 years old. 4 The patient coughs a lot, bringing up mucus. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

Q106 · What is a correct location of cartilage and smooth muscle in the human gas exchange… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

32 What is a correct location of cartilage and smooth muscle in the human gas exchange system? cartilage smooth muscle A bronchioles bronchioles B bronchioles trachea C trachea alveoli D trachea bronchi

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

Q107 · Which factors maintain the diffusion gradient for carbon dioxide at the surface of the… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

33 Which factors maintain the diffusion gradient for carbon dioxide at the surface of the alveoli? 1 blood flow past the alveoli 2 breathing movement exchanging air in the lungs 3 thin epithelial lining of the alveoli A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

Q108 · The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

34 The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls inwards so alveoli could collapse. Which statements could explain how this is prevented? 1 alveolar fluid is moved around by cilia 2 elastic fibres keep the alveoli open 3 epithelial cells secrete a chemical that reduces the cohesion in water A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

Q109 · Some of the effects of smoking are listed 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

33 Some of the effects of smoking are listed. 1 It causes coughing. 2 It increases blood pressure. 3 It decreases the transport of oxygen. 4 It increases the risk of cancer. 5 It prevents cilia from moving. Which components of tobacco smoke cause these effects? carbon tar nicotine monoxide A 1, 3 and 4 2 4 and 5 B 1, 4 and 5 3 2 C 1 and 5 3 and 5 4 D 3 and 4 1, 2 and 5 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

Q110 · The photomicrograph shows a section through part of a bronchus wall 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

34 The photomicrograph shows a section through part of a bronchus wall. X What is the function of the tissue labelled X? A contracts to constrict the airway B helps to widen the airway when at high altitudes C produces mucus to trap dust particles and bacteria D supports the airway to prevent collapse

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

Q111 · What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 9700/11 May/June 2016

33 What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall? 1 cartilage cells 2 ciliated cells 3 exocytotic vesicles A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2016

Q112 · Which parts of the human gas exchange system may typically contain macrophages? 9700/11 May/June 2016

34 Which parts of the human gas exchange system may typically contain macrophages? 0 0O WwW > trachea ~ « & bronchus x «KX bronchiole ~ KOK alveolus << x v = may contain macrophages X = may not contain macrophages

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2016

Q113 · An oxygen molecule diffuses from the air in an alveolus through cells to haemoglobin in a… 9700/11 May/June 2016

35 An oxygen molecule diffuses from the air in an alveolus through cells to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. What is the minimum number of cell surface membranes through which this molecule must pass? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2016

Q114 · A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of… 9700/12 May/June 2016

32 A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of sections taken from different parts of the gas exchange system. slide 1 not present: cartilage, glands present: few goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle slide 2 present: incomplete cartilage rings, glands, goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle slide 3 not present: cartilage, glands, goblet cells, smooth muscle present: squamous epithelial cells slide 4 present: plates of cartilage, glands, goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle Which is the correct identification of the parts of the gas exchange system? slide 1 slide 2 slide 3 slide 4 A alveolus bronchiole bronchus trachea B bronchiole bronchus alveolus trachea C bronchiole trachea alveolus bronchus D bronchus trachea bronchiole alveolus

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2016

Q115 · Which components of the human gas exchange system help to reduce the effects of… 9700/12 May/June 2016

33 Which components of the human gas exchange system help to reduce the effects of carcinogens in tar? A cilia and goblet cells only B cilia and mucous glands only C mucous glands and goblet cells only D mucous glands, goblet cells and cilia

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2016

Q116 · What is the minimum number of layers of phospholipids that a molecule of oxygen passes… 9700/13 May/June 2016

34 What is the minimum number of layers of phospholipids that a molecule of oxygen passes through when diffusing from the alveoli, through cells, to haemoglobin in the red blood cells? A 4 B 6 C 8 D 10

1 marks

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2016

Q117 · Which symptoms may be seen in a person affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 9700/13 May/June 2016

35 Which symptoms may be seen in a person affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? 1 persistent cough 2 less elastic alveoli 3 increased risk of lung infection 4 shortness of breath A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 2, 3 and 4 only D 1 and 4 only

1 marks

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2016

Q118 · A student viewed three slides at both low magnification and high magnification 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

33 A student viewed three slides at both low magnification and high magnification. Each slide was a section through a different airway of the gas exchange system. The student observed three features in each slide. slide three features observed by student irregular arrangement of cartilage 1 highly folded inner layer cilia on epithelial cells very few goblet cells 2 cilia on epithelial cells thick layer of smooth muscle relative to wall thickness smooth muscle tissue 3 blood vessels many goblet cells Which row is the correct set of identifications for the three slides? slide 1 slide 2 slide 3 A bronchus bronchiole trachea B bronchus trachea bronchiole C trachea bronchiole bronchus D trachea bronchus bronchiole

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

Q119 · Which organelle is present in large quantities in ciliated epithelial cells? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

34 Which organelle is present in large quantities in ciliated epithelial cells? A Golgi body B lysosomes C mitochondria D rough endoplasmic reticulum

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

Q120 · In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

35 In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is less than the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. What could explain the difference in partial pressure of oxygen? 1 A high proportion of alveoli are collapsed and do not have enough alveolar capillaries. 2 The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary arteries is lower than in the alveolar air. 3 The rate of diffusion of oxygen from the alveolar air to the surrounding alveolar capillaries is too slow. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

Q121 · The image shown is a photomicrograph of a transverse section of part of the gas exchange… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

32 The image shown is a photomicrograph of a transverse section of part of the gas exchange system. What describes the image? A a thin inner layer of ciliated epithelial cells on top of a layer containing cartilage and supported by elastic fibres B a very thin epithelial lining with walls containing elastic fibres, surrounded by many blood vessels C an inner layer of ciliated epithelial and goblet cells on top of elastic fibres and supported by an outer layer consisting of blocks of cartilage D an inner layer of ciliated epithelial and goblet cells on top of loose tissue with mucous glands supported by an outer layer of cartilage

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

Q122 · The table lists some of the effects of smoking 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

33 The table lists some of the effects of smoking. Which row shows the effect of nicotine and carbon monoxide? nicotine carbon monoxide A decreases heart rate decreases blood pressure B increases blood flow to the feet increases blood pressure C increases blood pressure combines with haemoglobin D increases blood pressure increases heart rate

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

Q123 · Which statement about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is correct? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

34 Which statement about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is correct? A The disease can often be reversed by treatment. B The disease occurs in people of all ages. C The patient coughs a lot, bringing up mucus. D The patient’s symptoms change over time.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

Q124 · Which tissues may be found in bronchioles? 9700/12 Feb/March 2017

36 Which tissues may be found in bronchioles? A cartilage, ciliated epithelium, glandular tissue B ciliated epithelium, elastic fibres, smooth muscle C elastic fibres, cartilage, smooth muscle D smooth muscle, glandular tissue, cartilage

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2017

Q125 · Which of these statements could describe the effect of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke? 9700/12 Feb/March 2017

37 Which of these statements could describe the effect of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke? 1 It binds irreversibly to haemoglobin. 2 It causes mucus to accumulate in the bronchioles. 3 It results in more carbon dioxide being transported in the blood. 4 It temporarily increases the heart rate. A 1 and 2 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2017

Q126 · Which characteristic of the human gaseous exchange surface and the lungs, maintains the… 9700/11 May/June 2017

37 Which characteristic of the human gaseous exchange surface and the lungs, maintains the necessary concentration gradients for carbon dioxide and oxygen? A good ventilation of the lungs B large surface area of the alveoli C low resistance to air flow D the walls of the alveoli are thin

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2017

Q127 · Which identifies the tissues present in the trachea? 9700/11 May/June 2017

38 Which identifies the tissues present in the trachea? cartilage A cilia B D C goblet cells

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2017

Q128 · The photomicrograph shows a section through lung tissue 9700/12 May/June 2017

31 The photomicrograph shows a section through lung tissue. Which structures are present in this photomicrograph? artery vein bronchioles | bronchus trachea A Jv v x v x B Jv x v x v Cc x v v v x D x x x v v key / = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2017

Q129 · Some of the requirements of an efficient gas exchange system are a large surface area and… 9700/12 May/June 2017

33 Some of the requirements of an efficient gas exchange system are a large surface area and a short diffusion distance. What is correct about how alveoli are adapted to meet these requirements? large surface area short diffusion distance A collagen and elastin fibres that an extracellular layer round allow the alveoli to stretch the alveolus wall contains blood capillaries B gases dissolve in a layer of walls of alveoli are liquid to speed up diffusion squamous epithelium C many folded capillaries are next to interconnected alveoli alveolus wall D sac shape of alveoli formed red blood cells are very by squamous cells close to capillary walls

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2017

Q130 · The diagram shows three types of cell found in the human gas exchange system 9700/12 May/June 2017

34 The diagram shows three types of cell found in the human gas exchange system. X Y Z Apart from causing cancer, which cell types will be directly affected when a person is exposed to tar in cigarette smoke? A X, Y and Z B X and Y only C X and Z only D Y and Z only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2017

Q131 · Which description of part of the gas exchange system is correct? 9700/13 May/June 2017

31 Which description of part of the gas exchange system is correct? part of gas exchange system cartilage ciliated epithelium goblet cells smooth muscle 0 Oo WwW > alveolus bronchus bronchiole trachea Kj « < x S48 4 S <4 x x « & x key J/ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2017

Q132 · When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and… 9700/13 May/June 2017

32 When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and extra mucus is produced. Which changes occur during an asthma attack? 1 Activity of ciliated epithelium increases. 2 Endocytosis in goblet cells increases. 3 Smooth muscles are more active. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2017

Q133 · Which factors result from paralysis of cilia caused by smoking? 9700/13 May/June 2017

33 Which factors result from paralysis of cilia caused by smoking? 1 accumulation of mucus 2 increased chance of lung infection 3 emphysema 4 scarring of airway lining A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2017

Q134 · What is the minimum number of cell membranes a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule… 9700/13 May/June 2017

34 What is the minimum number of cell membranes a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule of oxygen pass through during gas exchange between alveoli and the plasma in the capillaries? carbon dioxide oxygen A 2 4 B 3 5 C 4 4 D 4 5

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2017

Q135 · A good gas exchange system maintains a steep diffusion gradient, has a large total… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

34 A good gas exchange system maintains a steep diffusion gradient, has a large total surface area and a short diffusion distance. Which feature of the human gas exchange system helps to maintain a steep diffusion gradient? A A large number of alveoli are present in each lung. B Alveoli walls contain elastic fibres allowing expansion. C The air brought into the alveoli by ventilation is high in oxygen. D The endothelium of the capillary wall is made of flattened cells.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

Q136 · Which statement about bronchioles is correct? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

35 Which statement about bronchioles is correct? A They have cartilage and ciliated cells. B They have cartilage and elastic tissue. C They have cartilage and muscle tissue. D They have elastic tissue and ciliated cells.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

Q137 · In which regions of the human gas exchange system is the function of some types of cell… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

36 In which regions of the human gas exchange system is the function of some types of cell directly affected by tar in cigarette smoke? A bronchioles and alveoli only B trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli C trachea and bronchus only D trachea, bronchus and bronchioles only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

Q138 · The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a bronchus 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2017

35 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a bronchus. X Y What is the function of the tissues X and Y? X Y A secrete mucus prevent collapse of the airway B support the airway dilate airway C trap dust and dirt secrete mucus D waft dust and dirt upwards constrict airway

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2017

Q139 · Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2017

36 Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens come into uncontrolled mass of cells A → mutation occurs → → contact with cell division produced DNA mucus goblet cells phagocytes causes accumulates B secrete more → → attracted by → irritation and causing mucus inflammation coughing infection goblet cells phagocytes mass of cells C secrete more → mutation occurs → attracted by → produced mucus inflammation phagocytes elastase uncontrolled D attracted by → mutation occurs → → destroys the cell division inflammation alveolar walls

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2017

Q140 · Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes bronchitis and emphysema 9700/12 Feb/March 2018

34 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes bronchitis and emphysema. Which symptom is specific to emphysema? A excess mucus secretion by the goblet cells B inflammation of the bronchial epithelium C loss of elasticity of the alveolar walls D thickening of the smooth muscle of the bronchi

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2018

Q141 · What identifies the structures present in a bronchus? 9700/12 Feb/March 2018

35 What identifies the structures present in a bronchus? cartilage cilia A C D B goblet cells

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2018

Q142 · The diagram shows three features found in tissues of the gas exchange system 9700/11 May/June 2018

31 The diagram shows three features found in tissues of the gas exchange system. ciliated epithelium cartilage Which tubes of the gas exchange system could be represented at position P in the diagram? bronchus bronchiole trachea v v v key v= yes 0 Oo WwW > J v x Jv x Jv X =no x v Jv

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2018

Q143 · The diagram shows a magnified section of part of the lungs containing specialised tissues 9700/11 May/June 2018

32 The diagram shows a magnified section of part of the lungs containing specialised tissues. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Which row is correct for structures labelled 1 to 6? contains high proportion of carbonic – ions HCO3 lysosomes anhydrase A 1 3 4 B 2 4 5 C 3 5 6 D 4 6 1

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2018

Q144 · A short-term effect of smoking is a decreased blood supply to the fingers and toes 9700/11 May/June 2018

33 A short-term effect of smoking is a decreased blood supply to the fingers and toes. Which component of cigarette smoke causes this effect? A carbon monoxide B carcinogens C nicotine D tar

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2018

Q145 · The symptoms of two diseases are listed 9700/11 May/June 2018

34 The symptoms of two diseases are listed. disease 1 disease 2 coughing up blood shortness of breath pain when breathing difficulty breathing out loss of weight fatigue Which row identifies diseases 1 and 2? disease 1 disease 2 A chronic bronchitis emphysema B emphysema lung cancer C lung cancer chronic bronchitis D lung cancer emphysema

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2018

Q146 · Which of these structures contain cartilage and cilia? 9700/12 May/June 2018

34 Which of these structures contain cartilage and cilia? 1 bronchi 2 bronchioles 3 trachea A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2018

Q147 · What correctly describes the effect of carcinogens on lung tissue that causes a tumour to… 9700/12 May/June 2018

35 What correctly describes the effect of carcinogens on lung tissue that causes a tumour to develop? A Cells in damaged alveoli walls divide more rapidly to replace damaged areas. B Cilia are paralysed and mucus accumulates in the lungs causing DNA to change. C DNA changes, causing bronchial epithelial cells to divide by mitosis in an uncontrolled way. D Haemoglobin carries less oxygen, causing bronchial cells to divide by mitosis in an uncontrolled way.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2018

Q148 · What helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus? 9700/13 May/June 2018

34 What helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus? A the flow of blood through the lungs B the presence of haemoglobin in blood cells C the single-celled alveolar walls D the squamous epithelium of capillaries

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2018

Q149 · The diagram shows three features found in the tissues of the gas exchange system 9700/13 May/June 2018

35 The diagram shows three features found in the tissues of the gas exchange system. Y goblet ciliated cells epithelium X cartilage Which structures of the gas exchange system could be represented at position X and at position Y in the diagram? 1 bronchiole 2 trachea 3 bronchus X Y A 1 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 2 C 2 1 and 3 D 2 and 3 1

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2018

Q150 · Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 9700/13 May/June 2018

37 Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD. People with emphysema have a very low level of a plasma protein which inhibits the enzyme elastase. Elastase breaks down the elastic fibres in the bronchioles and alveoli. Which are effects of the low levels of inhibitor in people with emphysema? 1 alveoli do not stretch and recoil properly during inhalation and exhalation 2 blood is poorly oxygenated resulting in a rapid breathing rate 3 bronchioles collapse during exhalation trapping air in the alveoli A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2018

Q151 · The photomicrographs show a cross-section through the lining of part of the respiratory… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

33 The photomicrographs show a cross-section through the lining of part of the respiratory system. Which statements are correct? 1 Goblet cells are visible between squamous epithelium cells. 2 Smooth muscle is visible. 3 The section cannot be from a bronchiole as cartilage is visible. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

Q152 · In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell surface membranes by diffusion 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

34 In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through cell surface membranes by diffusion. Which row is correct? number of cell surface membranes diffused through by oxygen from air carbon dioxide to air A 3 2 B 3 2 or 3 C 5 4 D 5 4 or 5

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

Q153 · Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

35 Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens come into mutation uncontrolled A → → contact with occurs cell division DNA mucus goblet cells phagocytes accumulates B secrete more → → attracted by causing mucus inflammation infection mucus phagocytes elastase C accumulates → attracted by → destroys the causing infection inflammation alveolar walls phagocytes causes D mutation occurs → attracted by → irritation and inflammation coughing

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

Q154 · Which tissues are present in a bronchus? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

33 Which tissues are present in a bronchus? cartilage ciliated smooth epithelium muscle A Jv J J B Jv J x Cc v x v D x J J key J/ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

Q155 · Cigarette smoke contains tar 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

34 Cigarette smoke contains tar. Which statements describe the effect of tar on the respiratory system? 1 Tar causes goblet cells to increase the secretion of mucus. 2 Tar increases the risk of blood clots forming inside blood vessels. 3 Tar may cause changes to the DNA in epithelial cells. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

Q156 · Symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include a cough, breathlessness… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

35 Symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include a cough, breathlessness and chest infections. Some of the changes in the lungs that result from smoking are listed. 1 Alveoli lose elastin and collapse. 2 Bacteria accumulate in the mucus. 3 Cilia are inactivated. 4 Goblet cells secrete more mucus. Which changes cause the cough in COPD? A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1 and 4 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

Q157 · The diagram shows three of the features found in tissues of the gas exchange system 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2018

33 The diagram shows three of the features found in tissues of the gas exchange system. ciliated goblet epithelium cells X cartilage Which structures of the gas exchange system could be represented at position X in the diagram? 1 bronchiole 2 trachea 3 bronchus A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2018

Q158 · Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes bronchitis and emphysema 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2018

34 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes bronchitis and emphysema. Which row shows the effects of bronchitis? T-helper cells bronchioles infection A destroyed inflamed absent B destroyed narrowed present C increased scarred present D increased stiffened absent

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2018

Q159 · Which statement about typical bronchioles is correct? 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

33 Which statement about typical bronchioles is correct? A They have cartilage and ciliated cells. B They have goblet cells and smooth muscle. C They have smooth muscle and cartilage. D They have smooth muscle and ciliated cells.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

Q160 · Tobacco smoke contains substances that affect the functioning of the human body 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

34 Tobacco smoke contains substances that affect the functioning of the human body. substance effect w nicotine 1 decreases oxygenation of haemoglobin x carbon monoxide 2 increases risk of cancer y tar 3 increases risk of blood clotting What shows the substances matched with their correct effects? A w-1, x-2, y-3 B w-1, x-3, y-2 C w-2, x-1, y-3 D w-3, x-1, y-2

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

Q161 · Which row correctly describes the short-term effects of carbon monoxide and nicotine on… 9700/11 May/June 2019

34 Which row correctly describes the short-term effects of carbon monoxide and nicotine on the body of a smoker? demand for oxygen concentration of oxygen in blood A decreased by carbon monoxide increased by nicotine B decreased by nicotine increased by carbon monoxide C increased by carbon monoxide decreased by nicotine D increased by nicotine decreased by carbon monoxide

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2019

Q162 · Which statements about bronchioles are correct? 9700/11 May/June 2019

35 Which statements about bronchioles are correct? 1 They have ciliated cells. 2 They have goblet cells. 3 They have muscle tissue. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2019

Q163 · Which features are important for the diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus? 9700/11 May/June 2019

36 Which features are important for the diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus? 1 blood pressure forces red blood cells through capillaries 2 4 epithelium is surfactant present to features permeable to reduce surface tension respiratory gases 3 moist squamous epithelium present A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 3 and 4 C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2019

Q164 · Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? 9700/12 May/June 2019

32 Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? tissue epithelium with goblet cells A trachea Jv alveolus x B trachea Jv alveolus x Cc trachea Jv alveolus v D trachea x x alveolus smooth muscle << KK key v¥ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2019

Q165 · The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls… 9700/12 May/June 2019

33 The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls inwards so alveoli could collapse. Which statements could explain how this is prevented? 1 Alveolar fluid is moved around by cilia. 2 Elastic fibres keep the alveoli open. 3 Epithelial cells secrete a chemical that reduces the cohesion in water. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2019

Q166 · How many layers of cell surface membrane separate an oxygen molecule in the air space of… 9700/13 May/June 2019

35 How many layers of cell surface membrane separate an oxygen molecule in the air space of an alveolus from the nearest haemoglobin molecule? A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2019

Q167 · The drawing has been made from a section showing part of an alveolus and a red blood cell… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

3 The drawing has been made from a section showing part of an alveolus and a red blood cell in a capillary. The magnification of the drawing is ×5000. alveolus red blood cell What is the minimum distance that oxygen must diffuse from air in an alveolus into the red blood cell? A 0.1 nm B 1.0 nm C 0.1 µm D 1.0 µm

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

Q168 · The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

34 The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? trachea bronchus all bronchioles A J J Jv B Jv v x Cc v x JV D x v JV key v¥ = present X = not present

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

Q169 · In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airflow through the airways is reduced 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

35 In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airflow through the airways is reduced. Which statements explain the reduced airflow? 1 More mucus is secreted into the airways. 2 Airways and alveoli lose their elasticity. 3 Many of the alveoli are destroyed. 4 Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to haemoglobin. A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 3 and 4 only D 2, 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

Q170 · Which statement is correct? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

32 Which statement is correct? A Alveoli have goblet cells to produce mucus to trap pathogens from the air. B Cartilage in the bronchi keeps the bronchi open and allows air to flow through freely. C Complete rings of cartilage in the bronchioles make sure that air can reach the alveoli. D During exercise, muscles in the bronchioles and alveoli relax to allow a greater flow of air.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

Q171 · Four types of cell in the gas exchange system are listed 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

33 Four types of cell in the gas exchange system are listed. alveolus epithelium cell ciliated cell T-T- KR CS goblet cell M smooth muscle cell The ticks (v ) in the table show specialised features of three of these types of cell. many lots of many Golgi mitochondria endoplasmic bodies reticulum 1 2 L3_| Which row correctly matches the specialised feature with the correct cell? —s = AK Cf XA = ¢ F/N c rT FT A]

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

Q172 · Some symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are listed 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

34 Some symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are listed. 1 bursting of alveoli 2 loss of elastic fibres 3 increase in secretion of mucus 4 reduction in surface area for gaseous exchange 5 narrowing of airways Which of these are also the symptoms of emphysema? A 1, 2 and 4 B 1, 3 and 5 C 2, 3 and 5 D 3, 4 and 5

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

Q173 · Which may contain ciliated epithelium? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2019

34 Which may contain ciliated epithelium? A trachea only B trachea and bronchi only C trachea, bronchi and bronchioles D bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2019

Q174 · Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2019

35 Which row shows the effects of chronic bronchitis? lymph glands alveoli bronchi infection A destroyed damaged inflamed absent B destroyed inflamed scarred present C swollen damaged scarred present D swollen inflamed inflamed absent

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2019

Q175 · The diagram represents three types of cell found in the human gas exchange system 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

32 The diagram represents three types of cell found in the human gas exchange system. X Y Z Which of these cell types could be affected when a person is exposed to tar in cigarette smoke? A X, Y and Z B X and Z only C Y and Z only D Y only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

Q176 · The photomicrograph shows part of the lung as seen using a light microscope 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

33 The photomicrograph shows part of the lung as seen using a light microscope. 2 1 3 Which row correctly identifies the features labelled 1, 2 and 3? 1 2 3 A alveolus capillary bronchiole B alveolus bronchiole capillary C bronchiole small artery alveolus D small artery bronchiole alveolus

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

Q177 · How many times must a molecule of oxygen pass through a cell surface membrane as it… 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

34 How many times must a molecule of oxygen pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from inside an alveolus, through a cell in the capillary wall, to bind to a molecule of haemoglobin? A 3 B 4 C 5 D 10

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

Q178 · Which structures are found in bronchi? 9700/11 May/June 2020

33 Which structures are found in bronchi? smooth muscle A C B goblet cartilage D cells

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2020

Q179 · Which tissue in the respiratory system is correctly linked to its function? 9700/11 May/June 2020

34 Which tissue in the respiratory system is correctly linked to its function? tissue function A cartilage stretch and recoil to force air out B ciliated epithelium gives protection from suspended particles in the air C elastic fibres contract and relax to adjust diameter of bronchioles D smooth muscle keeps trachea and bronchi open

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2020

Q180 · Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes emphysema 9700/11 May/June 2020

35 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes emphysema. Which effects does emphysema have on gaseous exchange? 1 surface area to volume ratio of lungs decreases 2 distance of the diffusion pathway decreases 3 volume of oxygen diffused per unit time decreases A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2020

Q181 · Which structures of the human gas exchange system are supported by cartilage? 9700/12 May/June 2020

32 Which structures of the human gas exchange system are supported by cartilage? bronchus | bronchiole trachea key ¥ = cartilage present X = cartilage not present

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2020

Q182 · Carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar are components of tobacco smoke 9700/12 May/June 2020

33 Carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar are components of tobacco smoke. Which row correctly describes their effect on a smoker’s body? carbon monoxide nicotine tar A causes loss of consciousness increases the destroys cilia on cells at very low concentrations diameter of lining the airways blood vessels B forms a stable increases blood stimulates goblet cells compound with pressure to secrete mucus haemoglobin C forms increases the settles on cells carbaminohaemoglobin diameter of the lining the airways coronary artery D forms decreases the contains carcinogens carboxyhaemoglobin heart rate

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2020

Q183 · Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 9700/12 May/June 2020

34 Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct? 1 The disease can often be reversed by treatment. 2 The patient’s symptoms normally do not change. 3 The patient is normally over 30 years old. 4 The patient coughs frequently, producing a lot of mucus. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2020

Q184 · A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of… 9700/13 May/June 2020

33 A student was asked to describe the differences between four microscope slides of sections taken from different parts of the gas exchange system. slide 1 not present: cartilage, glands present: few goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle slide 2 present: incomplete cartilage rings, glands, goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle slide 3 not present: cartilage, glands, goblet cells, smooth muscle present: squamous epithelial cells slide 4 present: plates of cartilage, glands, goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscle Which is the correct identification of the parts of the gas exchange system? slide 1 slide 2 slide 3 slide 4 A alveolus bronchiole bronchus trachea B bronchiole bronchus alveolus trachea C bronchiole trachea alveolus bronchus D bronchus trachea bronchiole alveolus

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2020

Q185 · Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar 9700/13 May/June 2020

34 Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar. Which row correctly describes how these substances affect the body? carbon monoxide nicotine tar A stimulates stimulates the nervous leads to obstructive nerve endings system to reduce the lung disease diameter of the arteries B forms increases the risk blocks goblet cells carbaminohaemoglobin of blood clots C causes increased combines with increases the risk blood pressure haemoglobin of blood clots D combines with stimulates carcinogenic haemoglobin nerve endings

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2020

Q186 · Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema 9700/13 May/June 2020

35 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In what order do these events occur as emphysema develops? 1 Macrophages move into alveolar air spaces. 2 Tar paralyses cilia. 3 Macrophages secrete elastase. 4 Bacteria accumulate in alveoli. A 2 → 4 → 1 → 3 B 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 C 4 → 1 → 3 → 2 D 4 → 2 → 3 → 1

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2020

Q187 · If someone smokes cigarettes, what will be the immediate result of this action on the red… 9700/13 May/June 2020

36 If someone smokes cigarettes, what will be the immediate result of this action on the red blood cells? A Carbon monoxide will combine with the globin in haemoglobin. B Carbon monoxide replaces carbon dioxide in carbaminohaemoglobin. C Less oxyhaemoglobin will form. D More haemoglobinic acid will be formed.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2020

Q188 · Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2020

33 Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 1 they have goblet cells 2 they have ciliated cells 3 they have muscle tissue A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2020

Q189 · The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2020

34 The graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep breath in, for three different people, X, Y and Z. 5 X 4 Y volume of 3 air breathed out / dm3 2 Z 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 time / s What is a possible explanation for the differences in the volume of air breathed out by these people shown? chronic bronchitis emphysema normal lung function A X Z Y B Y X Z C Y Z X D Z Y X

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2020

Q190 · The diagram shows a photomicrograph of part of a bronchus 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

32 The diagram shows a photomicrograph of part of a bronchus. Which label identifies smooth muscle? D A B C

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

Q191 · Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

33 Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 1 They have epithelium. 2 They have goblet cells. 3 They have muscle tissue. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

Q192 · Which row shows the effects of emphysema? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

34 Which row shows the effects of emphysema? number of alveoli elastin capillaries A burst less decrease B burst more increase C shrink less increase D shrink more decrease

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

Q193 · How many times must a molecule of carbon monoxide pass through a cell surface membrane as… 9700/12 Feb/March 2021

34 How many times must a molecule of carbon monoxide pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from an air space in an alveolus, through a cell in the capillary wall, into a red blood cell? A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2021

Q194 · Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 9700/12 Feb/March 2021

36 Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A person with emphysema has difficulties in breathing out. Why does emphysema cause difficulties in breathing out? A Smooth muscle fibres in the airways are destroyed. B Too little mucus is produced in the bronchi. C The elasticity of the alveoli decreases. D The surface area of the alveoli becomes larger.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2021

Q195 · The table shows the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen in two blood vessels 9700/11 May/June 2021

33 The table shows the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen in two blood vessels. partial pressure of partial pressure of gas in pulmonary gas in pulmonary artery / kPa vein / kPa carbon dioxide 6 5 oxygen 5 15 What explains the difference in the partial pressures of oxygen in the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein? A Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries. B Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli from the blood in the capillaries. C Oxygen diffuses from the body cells into the blood in the capillaries. D Carbon dioxide diffuses into the body cells from the blood in the capillaries.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2021

Q196 · What is the main reaction occurring in blood capillaries at the gas exchange surface in a… 9700/12 May/June 2021

30 What is the main reaction occurring in blood capillaries at the gas exchange surface in a human lung? A Carbonic acid dissociates into carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. B Carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into hydrogencarbonate ions. C Carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin. D Carbon dioxide is produced from hydrogencarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2021

Q197 · Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and in the wall… 9700/12 May/June 2021

32 Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and in the wall of the bronchus? cartilage epithelium goblet cells A v J Jv key B v J x / = present Cc v x Jv X = not present D x Jv x

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2021

Q198 · In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the… 9700/12 May/June 2021

33 In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is less than the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. What could explain the difference in partial pressure of oxygen? 1 A high proportion of alveoli are collapsed and do not have enough alveolar capillaries. 2 The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary arteries is lower than in the alveolar air. 3 The rate of diffusion of oxygen from the alveolar air to the surrounding alveolar capillaries is too slow. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2021

Q199 · How many times must a molecule of carbon dioxide pass through a cell surface membrane as… 9700/12 May/June 2021

34 How many times must a molecule of carbon dioxide pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from the plasma, through a cell in the capillary wall, into an alveolus? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2021

Q200 · Which row correctly shows features present in terminal bronchioles? 9700/13 May/June 2021

34 Which row correctly shows features present in terminal bronchioles? cartilage cilia smooth muscle A v Jv x key B Jv x Jv / = present Cc x Jv v X = not present D x v x

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2021

Q201 · The photomicrograph shows a section through lung tissue 9700/13 May/June 2021

35 The photomicrograph shows a section through lung tissue. Which structures are present in this photomicrograph? artery vein bronchus trachea Jv v v x key ¥ = present 0 0O WwW D> Jv x x v x Jv x J X = not present x x Jv v

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2021

Q202 · The symptoms of two diseases are listed 9700/13 May/June 2021

36 The symptoms of two diseases are listed. disease 1 disease 2 coughing up blood shortness of breath pain when breathing difficulty breathing out loss of weight fatigue Which row identifies diseases 1 and 2? disease 1 disease 2 A chronic bronchitis emphysema B emphysema lung cancer C lung cancer chronic bronchitis D lung cancer emphysema

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2021

Q203 · The diagram shows three features found in the mammalian gas exchange system 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2021

33 The diagram shows three features found in the mammalian gas exchange system. ciliated goblet epithelium cells X cartilage Which structures of the gas exchange system could be represented by X in the diagram? A small bronchiole only B small bronchiole and bronchus C trachea only D trachea and bronchus

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2021

Q204 · The image shown is a photomicrograph of a transverse section of part of the gas exchange… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

33 The image shown is a photomicrograph of a transverse section of part of the gas exchange system. What describes the image? A a thin inner layer of ciliated epithelial cells on top of a layer containing cartilage, supported by elastic fibres B a very thin epithelial lining with walls containing elastic fibres, surrounded by many blood vessels C an inner layer of ciliated epithelial and goblet cells on top of elastic fibres, supported by an outer layer consisting of cartilage D an inner layer of ciliated epithelial and goblet cells on top of loose tissue with mucous glands, supported by a continuous ring of cartilage

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

Q205 · Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and the wall of… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

34 Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and the wall of the bronchus? smooth squamous goblet muscle epithelium cells A v Jv Jv key B v Jv x J/ = present Cc Jv x v X = not present D x Jv x

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

Q206 · When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

35 When a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and extra mucus is produced. Which changes occur during an asthma attack? 1 Activity of ciliated epithelium increases. 2 Endocytosis in goblet cells increases. 3 Smooth muscles are more active. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

Q207 · Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

36 Which flow diagram correctly describes the effect of tar entering the lungs? carcinogens come into mutation uncontrolled A   contact with occurs cell division DNA mucus goblet cells phagocytes accumulates B secrete more   attracted by causing mucus inflammation infection mucus phagocytes elastase C accumulates  attracted by  destroys the causing infection inflammation alveolar walls phagocytes causes mutation D  attracted by  irritation and occurs inflammation coughing

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

Q208 · Which statements explain why transpiration is an inevitable consequence of gas exchange… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

25 Which statements explain why transpiration is an inevitable consequence of gas exchange in plants? 1 Hydrolysis reactions are taking place in cells. 2 ATP production is occurring. 3 Stomata must be open. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

Q209 · The diagram shows a magnified section of part of the lungs containing specialised tissues 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

33 The diagram shows a magnified section of part of the lungs containing specialised tissues. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Which row is correct for the structures labelled 1 to 6? contains high proportion of carbonic hydrogencarbonate lysosomes anhydrase ions A 1 3 4 B 2 4 5 C 3 5 6 D 4 6 1

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

Q210 · The table shows some parts of an animal’s lungs that contain different cell types 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

34 The table shows some parts of an animal’s lungs that contain different cell types. cell type present Partoflungs |) itiated | goblet smooin trachea v v v bronchus v v v bronchiole v x v alveoli x x x key / = present X = not present Which parts of this animal’s lungs clean inhaled air and which carry out gas exchange? clean inhaled air gas exchange 0 0O WwW > bronchiole and alveoli bronchus and trachea only bronchus and trachea only bronchiole, bronchus, trachea bronchus and trachea bronchiole only bronchiole and alveoli alveoli only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

Q211 · What helps to maintain a steep oxygen concentration gradient between the air in an… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

35 What helps to maintain a steep oxygen concentration gradient between the air in an alveolus and the blood? 1 Breathing in brings in a supply of air with a relatively high concentration of oxygen to the alveolus. 2 Blood flow brings blood with a relatively low concentration of oxygen to the alveolus. 3 The relatively low concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolus results in the carbon dioxide leaving the red blood cell, allowing haemoglobin to combine with oxygen. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

Q212 · Which statement helps to explain why there is no cartilage in the walls of the… 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

35 Which statement helps to explain why there is no cartilage in the walls of the bronchioles? A Cartilage would make the bronchioles too narrow. B Gases must diffuse across the walls of the bronchioles. C Smooth muscle is sufficient to support the walls of the bronchioles. D The bronchiole walls do not need to change shape.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

Q213 · The photomicrograph shows a cross-section of part of the gas exchange system of a mammal 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

36 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section of part of the gas exchange system of a mammal. V What is shown by the line labelled V? A the diameter of an alveolus B the diameter of a bronchiole C the diameter of a capillary D the diameter of a trachea

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

Q214 · The photomicrographs show a cross-section through the lining of part of the respiratory… 9700/11 May/June 2022

35 The photomicrographs show a cross-section through the lining of part of the respiratory system. Which statements about the photomicrographs are correct? 1 Goblet cells are visible between squamous epithelium cells. 2 Smooth muscle is visible. 3 The section cannot be from a bronchiole as cartilage is visible. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2022

Q215 · The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls… 9700/11 May/June 2022

36 The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls inwards so alveoli could collapse. Which statements could explain how this is prevented? 1 Alveolar fluid is moved around by cilia. 2 Elastic fibres keep the alveoli open. 3 Epithelial cells secrete a chemical that reduces the cohesion in water. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2022

Q216 · Which features are required to allow for efficient diffusion? 9700/12 May/June 2022

16 Which features are required to allow for efficient diffusion? 1 a large surface area 2 a short diffusion pathway 3 maintenance of a constant diffusion gradient A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

Q217 · Which statements about the human gas exchange system are correct? 9700/12 May/June 2022

35 Which statements about the human gas exchange system are correct? 1 The absence of cartilage in small bronchioles allows them to expand. 2 The walls of the alveoli are made of cuboidal epithelium. 3 Alveoli secrete a substance which reduces surface tension. 4 The trachea and bronchi are supported by rings of cartilage. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

Q218 · Four types of cell in the gas exchange system are listed 9700/12 May/June 2022

36 Four types of cell in the gas exchange system are listed. -— K Cc alveolus epithelium cell ciliated cell goblet cell smooth muscle cell The ticks (Vv) in the table show specialised features of three of these types of cell. many lots of . many Golgi mitochondria oncoplasmic bodies 1 v 2 v 3 v v v Which row correctly matches the specialised feature with the correct cell? 0 Oo WwW > rr -r— = eo ZL1/N qe - = RKIlwo

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

Q219 · Which features are important for the process of diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus? 9700/13 May/June 2022

35 Which features are important for the process of diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus? 1 blood pressure forces red blood cells through capillaries 2 4 epithelium is substance to reduce features permeable to surface tension respiratory gases 3 moist squamous epithelium present A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 3 and 4 C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2022

Q220 · A student viewed three slides at both low magnification and high magnification 9700/13 May/June 2022

36 A student viewed three slides at both low magnification and high magnification. Each slide was a section through a different airway of the gas exchange system. The student observed three features in each slide. slide three features observed by student 1 irregular arrangement of cartilage highly folded inner layer cilia on epithelial cells 2 very few goblet cells cilia on epithelial cells thick layer of smooth muscle relative to wall thickness 3 smooth muscle tissue blood vessels many goblet cells Which row correctly identifies the three slides? slide 1 slide 2 slide 3 A bronchus bronchiole trachea B bronchus trachea bronchiole C trachea bronchiole bronchus D trachea bronchus bronchiole

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2022

Q221 · The photomicrograph shows a section through a bronchus 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2022

37 The photomicrograph shows a section through a bronchus. Which annotated label is correct? C D cartilage keeps squamous epithelium allows the airway open for efficient gas exchange B elastic tissue stretches when breathing in A smooth muscle changes the diameter of the airway

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2022

Q222 · What can be found in the wall of an alveolus in the lungs of a human? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

36 What can be found in the wall of an alveolus in the lungs of a human? elastic cartilage cilia fibres key v¥ = present X = not present 00 WD > ~*~ K &® OK QS << & x

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

Q223 · What are the functions of cilia in the gas exchange system? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

37 What are the functions of cilia in the gas exchange system? 1. to move mucus 2 to trap pathogens and dust 3. to increase the surface area key Y =a function X = not a function

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

Q224 · Two of the requirements of an efficient gas exchange system are a large surface area and… 9700/12 Feb/March 2023

36 Two of the requirements of an efficient gas exchange system are a large surface area and a short diffusion distance. Which row correctly describes how alveoli are adapted to meet these requirements? large surface area short diffusion distance A elastin fibres prevent the an extracellular layer inside alveolus wall from collapsing the alveolus wall contains blood capillaries B gases dissolve in a layer of alveolar walls are next liquid to speed up diffusion to capillaries C alveoli are folded and walls of alveoli are interconnected only one cell thick D walls of alveoli are formed of red blood cells are very squamous epithelial cells close to capillary walls

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2023

Q225 · A person with no breathing conditions rests for an hour 9700/11 May/June 2023

34 A person with no breathing conditions rests for an hour. Their breathing in this time is shallow and slow, so little air from outside the body reaches the alveoli. The person’s heart rate remains constant. Which statement is correct? A The carbon dioxide concentration in the blood in the pulmonary vein will be higher than in the pulmonary artery. B Carbon dioxide molecules in the air of the alveoli move out of the blood by active transport. C The air in the alveoli has a lower concentration of oxygen than the blood in the pulmonary vein. D Oxygen molecules diffuse from the air in the alveoli into the blood at a slower rate than when the person is active.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2023

Q226 · Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 9700/11 May/June 2023

35 Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 1 They have epithelium. 2 They have goblet cells. 3 They have muscle tissue. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2023

Q227 · Where are squamous epithelial cells found in the human gas exchange system? 9700/12 May/June 2023

35 Where are squamous epithelial cells found in the human gas exchange system? trachea bronchus alveolus v v v key v = found X = not found 0 OD > x « & x < x KK

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2023

Q228 · Which statement about gas exchange between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary… 9700/12 May/June 2023

36 Which statement about gas exchange between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is correct? A The oxygen concentration in the capillaries leaving the pulmonary artery is higher than the oxygen concentration in the alveoli. B Gases must diffuse across the endothelium of the pulmonary capillaries and the endothelium of the alveoli. C The elastic fibres in the alveoli walls allow the alveoli to expand to increase the surface area available for diffusion into the pulmonary capillaries. D Breathing out reduces the carbon dioxide concentration gradient between the blood in the pulmonary capillaries and the air in the alveoli.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2023

Q229 · The average thicknesses for some structures in the human respiratory system are shown 9700/12 May/June 2023

37 The average thicknesses for some structures in the human respiratory system are shown. average structure thickness of structure / nm human cell membrane 5 cytoplasm of alveolar wall cells 190 cytoplasm of capillary wall cells 90 tissues between alveolar wall and capillary wall 300 A molecule of oxygen is in the alveolar air space next to the wall of the alveolus. What is the shortest distance that the molecule needs to diffuse from its current position to the haemoglobin that completely fills a red blood cell in the nearest capillary? (Assume that the red blood cells touch the walls of a capillary.) A 595 nm B 600 nm C 605 nm D 610 nm

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2023

Q230 · Plants, such as the tobacco plant, retain very little of the water they take in and the… 9700/13 May/June 2023

30 Plants, such as the tobacco plant, retain very little of the water they take in and the volume of water lost during transpiration is very high. This is because these plants can only absorb carbon dioxide through open stomata. Plants use carbon dioxide to synthesise glucose molecules. It is estimated that 400 molecules of water are lost for each carbon dioxide molecule gained. How many water molecules are lost for a plant to synthesise one molecule of glucose? A 800 B 1200 C 2000 D 2400

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2023

Q231 · The photomicrograph shows a part of the human gas exchange system with one tissue… 9700/13 May/June 2023

37 The photomicrograph shows a part of the human gas exchange system with one tissue labelled P. P Which row is correct? part of gas function of tissue P exchange system A bronchus regulates the amount of air reaching the lungs B bronchus provides support and prevents collapse C bronchiole regulates the amount of air reaching the lungs D bronchiole provides support and prevents collapse

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2023

Q232 · How many times must a molecule of oxygen pass through a cell surface membrane as it… 9700/13 May/June 2023

38 How many times must a molecule of oxygen pass through a cell surface membrane as it diffuses from the airspace inside an alveolus, through a cell in the capillary wall, to bind to a molecule of haemoglobin? A 3 B 4 C 5 D 10

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2023

Q233 · Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

34 Which statements about all bronchioles are correct? 1 They have goblet cells. 2 They have epithelial cells. 3 They have muscle tissue. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

Q234 · What is shown in the electron micrograph? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

35 What is shown in the electron micrograph? ×850 A scanning electron micrograph of bronchial epithelium and lymphocytes B scanning electron micrograph of lung squamous epithelium and red blood cells C transmission electron micrograph of bronchial epithelium and lymphocytes D transmission electron micrograph of lung squamous epithelium and red blood cells

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

Q235 · What is typically found in the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles in the human gas exchange… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

33 What is typically found in the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles in the human gas exchange system? A cartilage B ciliated epithelium C squamous epithelium D squamous endothelium

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

Q236 · The photomicrograph shows a section through part of the human gas exchange system 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

34 The photomicrograph shows a section through part of the human gas exchange system. Which structure is shown? A alveolus B bronchiole C bronchus D trachea

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

Q237 · Which factors are required for the efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in… 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

35 Which factors are required for the efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the human gas exchange system? 1 clean and warm air entering the lungs 2 maximised area of exchange surface 3 minimum distance between alveoli and blood A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

Q238 · Which of these structures typically contain cartilage and cilia? 9700/12 Feb/March 2024

36 Which of these structures typically contain cartilage and cilia? 1 bronchi 2 bronchioles 3 trachea A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2024

Q239 · Which statements about the function of tissues found in the human gas exchange system are… 9700/12 Feb/March 2024

37 Which statements about the function of tissues found in the human gas exchange system are correct? 1 Collagen in the bronchi prevents them collapsing. 2 Smooth muscle in the bronchioles can contract to increase the flow of air into the alveoli. 3 Elastic fibres in the alveoli stretch and recoil during breathing. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2024

Q240 · How are alveoli adapted to their function? 9700/11 May/June 2024

30 How are alveoli adapted to their function? A They contain squamous epithelium for a short diffusion distance. B They contain goblet cells to produce mucus. C They contain ciliated epithelium to move mucus. D They contain cartilage to prevent alveolar collapse.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

Q241 · The diagram shows oxygen diffusing from the space inside an alveolus into the blood… 9700/11 May/June 2024

31 The diagram shows oxygen diffusing from the space inside an alveolus into the blood through the gaseous exchange surface. thickness of alveolar wall and capillary endothelium W X oxygen oxygen concentration concentration in the blood inside the alveolus oxygen Y What would increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen from the alveolus to the blood? increase decrease keep the same A W X Y B W Y X C Y X W D X Y W

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

Q242 · Which tissues are present in a bronchus? 9700/11 May/June 2024

32 Which tissues are present in a bronchus? . ciliated smooth cartilage an epithelium muscle Jv Jv Jv x x Jv Jv Jv key ¥ = present X = not present

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

Q243 · Steep concentration gradients must be maintained for efficient gaseous exchange to occur… 9700/11 May/June 2024

33 Steep concentration gradients must be maintained for efficient gaseous exchange to occur in the human lungs. Which row correctly describes how steep concentration gradients can be maintained? elastic fibres in the walls of the alveoli recoil when breathing out continual supply of deoxygenated blood by the pulmonary artery 0 0O WwW D> v x v x v v x x key ¥ = helps maintain X = does not help maintain

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

Q244 · In the lungs, movement of dissolved carbon dioxide out of the capillaries occurs in one… 9700/12 May/June 2024

31 In the lungs, movement of dissolved carbon dioxide out of the capillaries occurs in one of two ways: ● by diffusion through the endothelial cells of the capillaries ● by leakage through pores in the endothelial cells of the capillaries. What is the minimum number of times that a carbon dioxide molecule that has been transported to the lungs in a red blood cell must cross a cell surface membrane to reach an air space in an alveolus? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2024

Q245 · What maintains the steep concentration gradients needed for successful gas exchange in… 9700/12 May/June 2024

32 What maintains the steep concentration gradients needed for successful gas exchange in the lungs? 1 Air flow in the alveoli is in the opposite direction to blood flow in the capillaries. 2 Blood arrives in the lungs with a lower oxygen concentration and a higher carbon dioxide concentration than the air in the alveoli. 3 Blood is constantly flowing through and out of the lungs, bringing a fresh supply of red blood cells. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2024

Q246 · Where is cartilage tissue always found in the human gas exchange system? 9700/12 May/June 2024

33 Where is cartilage tissue always found in the human gas exchange system? A in the trachea only B in the bronchi only C in the bronchioles and trachea D in the bronchi and trachea

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2024

Q247 · Scientists compared the density of goblet cells in the lungs and the density of mucus in… 9700/12 May/June 2024

34 Scientists compared the density of goblet cells in the lungs and the density of mucus in the lungs of three groups of people: ● people who do not smoke and do not have lung disease ● people who smoke tobacco but do not have lung disease ● people who smoke tobacco and have lung disease. The results are shown in the table. goblet cell density mucus density group / cells per mm2 / arbitrary units non-smokers 19 6 smokers who do not have lung disease 54 26 smokers with lung disease 37 15 What is indicated by these data? 1 There is a positive correlation (relationship) between density of goblet cells and density of mucus. 2 Lung disease results in an increase in goblet cell density. 3 There is an association between tobacco smoking and an increase in mucus density. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2024

Q248 · Which structure of the gas exchange system always contains cartilage? 9700/13 May/June 2024

33 Which structure of the gas exchange system always contains cartilage? A alveoli B bronchiole C capillary D bronchus

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2024

Q249 · Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs between air in the alveoli and blood in the… 9700/13 May/June 2024

34 Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs between air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries of the lung. Which partial pressures of the gases will allow gaseous exchange to occur? CO2 in O2 in CO2 in blood O2 in blood alveolar air alveolar air / kPa / kPa / kPa / kPa A 5.3 6.0 13.3 13.9 B 5.3 6.0 13.9 5.3 C 6.0 5.3 13.9 5.3 D 6.0 5.3 13.3 13.9

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2024

Q250 · The plan diagram shows a cross-section of a trachea 9700/13 May/June 2024

35 The plan diagram shows a cross-section of a trachea. Which labelled tissue prevents the trachea from collapsing? B A C D

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2024

Q251 · Which layers of cells does an oxygen molecule diffuse through when moving from an… 9700/13 May/June 2024

36 Which layers of cells does an oxygen molecule diffuse through when moving from an alveolus into an alveolar capillary? alveolus alveolar capillary A squamous epithelium squamous epithelium B endothelium squamous epithelium C squamous epithelium endothelium D endothelium endothelium

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2024

Q252 · What is the function of cilia in the gas exchange system? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

34 What is the function of cilia in the gas exchange system? A to increase the surface area B to move mucus C to produce mucus D to trap dust and pathogens

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

Q253 · Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

35 Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus? tissue epithelium with smooth muscle goblet cells A trachea v J alveolus x x key B trachea v v / = present alveolus x v X = not present Cc trachea v x alveolus v v D trachea x v alveolus x x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

Q254 · The photomicrograph shows part of a bronchus 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

36 The photomicrograph shows part of a bronchus. Which label identifies cartilage? D A B C

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

Q255 · Which row shows the features of the gas exchange surface that increase diffusion of… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

33 Which row shows the features of the gas exchange surface that increase diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen? concentration diffusion gradient distance A steep long B steep short C shallow long D shallow short

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

Q256 · The electron micrograph shows some of the airways in the gaseous exchange system of an… 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

34 The electron micrograph shows some of the airways in the gaseous exchange system of an insect and the respiring body cells that surround them. respiring body cell Each trachea is Tracheoles are filled with air which narrow tubes which enters through tiny branch from a wide holes called spiracles. trachea. They lie Each trachea is held next to body cells open by spirals of a and gaseous material called chitin. exchange occurs across them directly into respiring body cells. Which statements describe correct differences between the insect gas exchange system shown in the electron micrograph and the human gas exchange system? 1 Gas exchange occurs through the walls of the airways directly into respiring body cells in insects but this does not occur in humans. 2 There are spirals of chitin in the walls of a trachea in insects to hold it open but not in humans. 3 There is more than one trachea in the gas exchange system of the insect but only one in humans. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

Q257 · Which row is correct for the wall of the trachea and the wall of the bronchus? 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

35 Which row is correct for the wall of the trachea and the wall of the bronchus? cartilage smooth goblet muscle cells A v v v key B Jv v x ¥ = present Cc v x v X = not present D x v x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

Q258 · Which structures are present in the trachea and also in all bronchioles? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

34 Which structures are present in the trachea and also in all bronchioles? 1 cartilage 2 smooth muscle 3 epithelial cells A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 only C 2 and 3 only D 2 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

Q259 · The photomicrograph shows a section through part of the gas exchange system 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

35 The photomicrograph shows a section through part of the gas exchange system. Which tissue can be seen? A cartilage B ciliated epithelium C smooth muscle D squamous epithelium

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

Q260 · What is the function of the goblet cells in the gas exchange system? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

36 What is the function of the goblet cells in the gas exchange system? A to increase the surface area B to move mucus C to release mucus D to trap dust and pathogens

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

Q261 · The scanning electron micrograph shows the inner surface of a human trachea 9700/12 Feb/March 2025

32 The scanning electron micrograph shows the inner surface of a human trachea. T What is the identity of the part of the electron micrograph labelled T? A ciliated epithelial cell B goblet cell C mucus D squamous epithelial cell

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2025

Q262 · Which rows correctly summarise the typical distribution of cartilage and smooth muscle… 9700/12 Feb/March 2025

33 Which rows correctly summarise the typical distribution of cartilage and smooth muscle within different parts of the gas exchange system of humans? F smooth cartilage muscle 1 | bronchi Jv J key 2 | bronchioles x x ¥ = present trachea Jv v X = not present A 1,2 and3 B 1tand2only C 1and3only D = 2and3only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2025

Q263 · A molecule of oxygen diffuses from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood… 9700/12 Feb/March 2025

34 A molecule of oxygen diffuses from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. Assuming that the molecule crosses cellular layers by passing through cells, rather than between cells, what is the minimum number of phospholipid layers that the molecule of oxygen must pass through? A 5 B 6 C 8 D 10

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2025

Q264 · Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and the wall of… 9700/12 May/June 2025

35 Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and the wall of the bronchus? ciliated smooth epithelium muscle cartilage v v key ¥ = present X = not present 00 DW > ~x~ NN OK NS & OS x \ x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2025

Q265 · Which factors maintain the diffusion gradient for carbon dioxide at the surface of the… 9700/12 May/June 2025

36 Which factors maintain the diffusion gradient for carbon dioxide at the surface of the alveoli? 1 blood flow around the alveoli 2 breathing movement exchanging air in the lungs 3 thin epithelial lining of the alveoli A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2025

Q266 · The photomicrograph shows a transverse section of part of the human gas exchange system 9700/13 May/June 2025

34 The photomicrograph shows a transverse section of part of the human gas exchange system. Q P Which row shows the label and function of smooth muscle? label function A P regulates air flow towards the gas exchange surfaces B Q pumps air towards the gas exchange surfaces C P pumps air towards the gas exchange surfaces D Q regulates air flow towards the gas exchange surfaces

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2025

Q267 · Which feature of the human gas exchange system helps to maintain a steep diffusion… 9700/13 May/June 2025

35 Which feature of the human gas exchange system helps to maintain a steep diffusion gradient? A A large number of alveoli are present in each lung. B Alveoli walls contain elastic fibres allowing expansion. C The air brought into the alveoli has a high concentration of oxygen. D The endothelium of the capillary wall is made of flattened cells.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2025

Q268 · Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and also the wall… 9700/14 May/June 2025

36 Which row shows the tissues that are present in the wall of the trachea and also the wall of the bronchus? ciliated squamous smooth epithelium | epithelium muscle A J Jv Jv B J Jv x Cc Jv x JV D x Jv Jv key / = present in trachea and bronchus X = not present in trachea or bronchus

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/14 May/June 2025

Q269 · How many times must a carbon dioxide molecule pass through a cell surface membrane to… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

33 How many times must a carbon dioxide molecule pass through a cell surface membrane to travel from the tissue fluid into the blood plasma? (Assume there are no pores between the cells the carbon dioxide molecule must pass through.) A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

Q270 · Two types of epithelial cells, 1 and 2, occur in the mammalian gas exchange system in a… 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

34 Two types of epithelial cells, 1 and 2, occur in the mammalian gas exchange system in a healthy human. 1 2 Which row shows the function and distribution of these types of epithelial cells? cell type 1 cell type 2 A absorption in bronchi secrete mucus in alveoli B exchange surface in alveoli secrete mucus in bronchi C absorption in bronchi move mucus in alveoli D exchange surface in alveoli move mucus in bronchi

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

Q271 · Which tissues would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

35 Which tissues would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? a elastic fibres smooth muscle x v key v x v v x x / = present X = not present 0 ONO WwW >

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

Q272 · The diagram shows a transverse section through a human bronchus 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025

34 The diagram shows a transverse section through a human bronchus. Which labelled tissue is the cartilage? D A C B

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025

Q273 · What helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus? 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025

35 What helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus? A the flow of blood through the lungs B the presence of haemoglobin in blood cells C the single-celled alveolar walls D the squamous epithelium of capillaries

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025