The immune system — Paper 1 · A Level Biology 9700

35 Which description is correct for B-lymphocytes? made from bone processed in release marrow stem cells the thymus antibodies Jv Jv Jv 0 Oo WwW > v v x v x v x x v

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

37 The diagram shows different elements concerned with the immune response in humans. 4 1 3 2 What are the parts numbered 1 to 4? 1 2 3 4 A lymphocyte antigen pathogen phagocyte B phagocyte antibody pathogen lymphocyte C phagocyte antibody lymphocyte pathogen D pathogen antigen lymphocyte phagocyte

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

36 The diagram shows part of the immune response. cell Q pathogen with chemical P cell R with protein on on surface surface to fit P multiplication What are P, Q and R? P Q R A antibody phagocyte T helper cell B antigen T helper cell B-lymphocyte C antibody T helper cell phagocyte D antigen B-lymphocyte T helper cell

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2006

35 What is the difference between B and T lymphocytes in the immune system? B lymphocytes T lymphocytes A do not produce memory cells produce memory cells B formed from bone marrow cells formed from cells in the thymus C form plasma cells which secrete do not form plasma cells antibodies into the blood stream D stimulate macrophages to carry out do not stimulate macrophages to carry out phagocytosis phagocytosis

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

36 Cells which divide and give rise to lymphocytes are called stem cells. Where in the human body do these stem cells divide? A bone marrow B lymph nodes C spleen D thymus

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

36 Which sequence of events correctly describes the action of a phagocyte when a pathogen is encountered? A endocytosis → digestion by lysosome enzymes → phagocytic vacuole formation → exocytosis B endocytosis → phagocytic vacuole formation → digestion by lysosome enzymes → exocytosis C exocytosis → phagocytic vacuole formation → digestion by lysosome enzymes → phagocytosis D phagocytosis → digestion by lysosome enzymes → phagocytic vacuole formation → endocytosis

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2007

37 Where are antibodies and antigens found? on surface of on surface of in blood plasma pathogen macrophage A antibody antibody antigen B antibody antigen antibody C antigen antibody antigen D antigen antigen antibody

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2007

38 The following statements describe some of the stages in phagocytosis. 1 Bacteria become surrounded in a phagocytic vacuole. 2 Bacteria release chemicals that attract neutrophils. 3 Lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vacuole. 4 Receptor proteins on the neutrophil bind to the bacteria. Which order defines the correct sequence for phagocytosis? A 3 2 4 1 B 2 4 1 3 C 4 1 3 2 D 1 3 2 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2008

34 Some children are born with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID). These children do not normally have any T-lymphocytes and suffer from many diseases. How can these children be cured? A bone marrow transplantation B continual use of antibiotics C transfusion of antibodies D vaccination against all diseases

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

37 Which examples show the different types of immunity? active artificial passive natural A immunity to measles after infection receiving antibodies to measles in colostrum B immunity to measles after infection receiving antibodies to tetanus by injection C immunity to smallpox after vaccination receiving antibodies to measles in colostrum D immunity to smallpox after vaccination receiving antibodies to tetanus by injection

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

34 After an immune response, memory cells remain in the blood for a long time. What is the function of memory cells? A They can ingest invading bacteria. B They contain lots of antibodies. C They divide to make plasma cells. D They kill cells infected with virus.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

35 What are produced by B-lymphocytes? killer lymphocyte memory cells plasma cell clones clones A v v x B v x v Cc v v v D x v v

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

36 What is a difference between T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the immune system? T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes do not form plasma cells form plasma cells which secrete A antibodies into the blood stream do not stimulate macrophages to stimulate macrophages to carry out B carry out phagocytosis phagocytosis C formed from cells in the thymus formed from bone marrow cells D produce memory cells do not produce memory cells

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2010

37 In an investigation into the immune response, a volunteer was exposed to two different antigens, X and Y. The relative antibody concentration in the blood was measured at regular intervals over 60 days. The graph shows the time when the volunteer was exposed to each antigen and the antibody concentration against time for antigens X and Y. antibody concentration antibody for antigen X / arbitrary units antibody for antigen Y 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 first exposure second exposure time / days to antigen X to antigen X first exposure to antigen Y What is the explanation for the results displayed on the graph? A A primary and secondary immune response against antigen X occurred, with the memory B-lymphocytes inhibiting the secondary immune response against antigen Y. B A primary immune response to antigen Y occurred and memory B-lymphocytes specific to antigen Y enhanced the secondary immune response to antigen X. C Memory B-lymphocytes specific to antigen X enabled a secondary immune response to occur; different B-lymphocytes were activated for a primary immune response for antigen Y. D Plasma cells remaining from the first exposure to antigen X undergo rapid clonal selection to produce high levels of antibody against antigen X and lower levels of antibody against antigen Y.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2010

34 What is a difference between T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the immune system? T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes do not form plasma cells form plasma cells which secrete A antibodies into the blood stream do not stimulate macrophages to stimulate macrophages to carry out B carry out phagocytosis phagocytosis C formed from cells in the thymus formed from bone marrow cells D produce memory cells do not produce memory cells

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2010

35 In an investigation into the immune response, a volunteer was exposed to two different antigens, X and Y. The relative antibody concentration in the blood was measured at regular intervals over 60 days. The graph shows the time when the volunteer was exposed to each antigen and the antibody concentration against time for antigens X and Y. antibody concentration antibody for antigen X / arbitrary units antibody for antigen Y 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 first exposure second exposure time / days to antigen X to antigen X first exposure to antigen Y What is the explanation for the results displayed on the graph? A A primary and secondary immune response against antigen X occurred, with the memory B-lymphocytes inhibiting the secondary immune response against antigen Y. B A primary immune response to antigen Y occurred and memory B-lymphocytes specific to antigen Y enhanced the secondary immune response to antigen X. C Memory B-lymphocytes specific to antigen X enabled a secondary immune response to occur; different B-lymphocytes were activated for a primary immune response for antigen Y. D Plasma cells remaining from the first exposure to antigen X undergo rapid clonal selection to produce high levels of antibody against antigen X and lower levels of antibody against antigen Y.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2010

21 In an investigation into the immune response, a volunteer was exposed to two different antigens, X and Y. The relative antibody concentration in the blood was measured at regular intervals over 60 days. The graph shows the time when the volunteer was exposed to each antigen and the antibody concentration against time for antigens X and Y. antibody concentration antibody for antigen X / arbitrary units antibody for antigen Y 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 first exposure second exposure time / days to antigen X to antigen X first exposure to antigen Y What is the explanation for the results displayed on the graph? A A primary and secondary immune response against antigen X occurred, with the memory B-lymphocytes inhibiting the secondary immune response against antigen Y. B A primary immune response to antigen Y occurred and memory B-lymphocytes specific to antigen Y enhanced the secondary immune response to antigen X. C Memory B-lymphocytes specific to antigen X enabled a secondary immune response to occur; different B-lymphocytes were activated for a primary immune response for antigen Y. D Plasma cells remaining from the first exposure to antigen X undergo rapid clonal selection to produce high levels of antibody against antigen X and lower levels of antibody against antigen Y.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2010

22 What is a difference between T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the immune system? T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes do not form plasma cells form plasma cells which secrete A antibodies into the blood stream do not stimulate macrophages to stimulate macrophages to carry out B carry out phagocytosis phagocytosis C formed from cells in the thymus formed from bone marrow cells D produce memory cells do not produce memory cells

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2010

35 The diagram shows part of the immune response. cell Q pathogen with chemical P cell R with protein on on surface surface to fit P multiplication What are P, Q and R? P Q R A antibody B-lymphocyte T helper cell B antibody T helper cell B-lymphocyte C antigen B-lymphocyte T helper cell D antigen T helper cell B-lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

36 When a body cell is infected by a pathogen, which describes a correct immune response? A Killer T cells punch holes in infected cells, releasing antibodies. B Killer T cells release cytokines, infected body cells release antibodies. C Memory cells release antibodies, killer T cells secrete cytokines. D T helper cells release cytokines, plasma cells release antibodies.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

37 The photomicrograph shows human blood, with three types of white cell labelled. T R S Which row correctly identifies these white cells? cell R cell S cell T A lymphocyte lymphocyte phagocyte B lymphocyte phagocyte lymphocyte C phagocyte lymphocyte phagocyte D phagocyte phagocyte lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

38 The diagram shows the response to a pathogen by the immune system. some form Q S division Q P Q some release R Q Q Q Which row correctly identifies P, Q, R and S? P Q R S A antibody T-lymphocyte antigen plasma cell B antigen B-lymphocyte antibody memory cell C antigen T-lymphocyte antitoxin B-lymphocyte D bacteria B-lymphocyte antibody T-lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

36 Where are antibodies and antigens found? on surface of on surface of in blood plasma pathogens phagocytes A antibodies antibodies antigens B antibodies antigens antibodies C antigens antibodies antigens D antigens antigens antibodies

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

15 Where are antibodies and antigens found? on surface of on surface of in blood plasma pathogens phagocytes A antibodies antibodies antigens B antibodies antigens antibodies C antigens antibodies antigens D antigens antigens antibodies

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

34 Which cells become memory cells in the immune response? 1 B-lymphocytes 2 T-lymphocytes 3 phagocytes A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 2 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2012

36 Which describes a T-helper lymphocyte? antigen invades recognition and binding to specific cells of the immune system activation of specific cells growth and division growth and division of specific cell of specific cell A B C D synthesise antibody remain in circulation releasing cytokines kill infected host cells

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2012

35 The graph shows the amount of antibody produced in response to an antigen. concentration of antibody in the blood 0 10 20 30 40 time in days first exposure to an antigen From the graph, which statement is correct? A It takes 25 days to achieve active immunity. B Memory cells for this antigen are present in the body within 20 days. C T-helper lymphocytes are activated on day 12. D The second exposure to the antigen occurred on day 25.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2012

32 Which cells become memory cells in the immune response? 1 B-lymphocytes 2 T-lymphocytes 3 phagocytes A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 2 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2012

33 Which describes a T-helper lymphocyte? antigen invades recognition and binding to specific cells of the immune system activation of specific cells growth and division growth and division of specific cell of specific cell A B C D synthesise antibody remain in circulation releasing cytokines kill infected host cells

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2012

34 Which row correctly matches a function with B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes? function B-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes 0 0O WwW > may become plasma cells may secrete antibodies provides a cell-mediated response provides a humoral response x x v v x v v x key JY true Xx false

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

36 Some children are born with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID). These children do not normally have any T-lymphocytes and suffer from many diseases. How may these children be cured? A bone marrow transplantation B continual use of antibiotics C transfusion of antibodies D vaccination against all diseases

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

37 The graph shows the primary and secondary responses of the immune system to antigens. X concentration of antibodies in plasma Y 0 1 2 3 4 5 weeks after first or second exposure to antigen What are responses X and Y? X Y A primary response secondary response caused by cloning of B–lymphocytes formed during the primary response B primary response secondary response caused by cloning of T–lymphocytes formed during the primary response C secondary response caused by cloning primary response of B–lymphocytes formed during the primary response D secondary response caused by cloning primary response of T–lymphocytes formed during the primary response

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2012

37 Which statement describes a role of lymphocytes in the immune response? A B-lymphocytes divide to produce killer lymphocytes. B B-lymphocytes produce memory cells. C T-lymphocytes are involved in the humoral response. D T-lymphocytes clone producing antibody-secreting cells.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

37 A graft of tissue, such as skin, from a different person is usually rejected by the body. Which statement about graft rejection is correct? A The graft is rejected by B-lymphocytes because they make and release antibodies which react with the surface antigens on the graft cells. B The graft is rejected by B-lymphocytes because T-lymphocytes are not stimulated to produce antibodies. C The graft is rejected by T-lymphocytes because the graft tissue causes T-lymphocytes to release antibodies. D The graft is rejected by T-lymphocytes because they circulate in the blood and can gather at the graft site.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2013

37 Which statement about both B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes is correct? A They become active only when a specific antibody binds to their surface receptor. B They divide to form clones when meeting an antitoxin in a cell. C They produce memory cells to respond to an antigen when exposed in the future. D They release hormone-like cytokines which stimulate release of antibodies.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2013

36 The photomicrograph shows human blood, with three types of white cell labelled. T R S Which row correctly identifies these white cells? cell R cell S cell T A lymphocyte lymphocyte lymphocyte B lymphocyte phagocyte phagocyte C phagocyte lymphocyte phagocyte D phagocyte phagocyte lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

37 What are the function(s) of T-lymphocytes during an immune response? 1 destroy infected body cells 2 differentiate into memory cells 3 secrete antibodies A 1 only B 3 only C 1 and 2 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

38 Which description is correct for B-lymphocytes? 0 0O DW > processed in the thymus x KOK release antibodies immediately after formation x < x act in the cell mediated response x x KOK can act as antigen presenting cells << x x key Y =correct X =incorrect

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2013

37 The following events occur when a phagocyte responds to the presence of a pathogen. 1 endocytosis 2 enzymic digestion 3 exocytosis 4 phagocytosis 5 vacuole formation Which is the correct sequence of events? first last A 1 5 2 3 B 3 2 5 1 C 4 2 5 3 D 4 5 2 1

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2014

35 During a primary immune response, the following events occur. 1 Some B-lymphocytes form plasma cells. 2 B-lymphocytes with the specific cell surface receptors divide repeatedly by mitosis. 3 Specific antibody is produced. 4 T-helper cells secrete cytokines. 5 T-helper cells identify a specific antigen. In which order will the events occur? A 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 → 5 B 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 → 5 C 5 → 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 D 5 → 4 → 3 → 1 → 2

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

36 Which statement concerning the defence in the body against infectious disease is not correct? A Antibodies against specific antigens are produced by plasma cells in passive immunity, but the protection is short-lived as no memory cells are produced. B A specific immune response involves activation of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes following recognition of, and binding to, a specific antigen. C Following invasion by microorganisms, natural active immunity can be gained by initiating an immune response. D Lysosomes fuse with vacuoles that have been formed by phagocytes and which contain invading microorganisms.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

16 One type of antigen is formed by a reaction between two different molecules. Apart from oxygen, which other elements are found in this antigen? A carbon and hydrogen only B hydrogen and nitrogen only C carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus D carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2014

31 Which is not a correct statement about phagocytes? A They are white blood cells with a lobed nucleus. B They have many lysosomes containing hydrolytic enzymes. C They have many mitochondria to produce ATP for endocytosis. D They provide specific defence against disease-causing organisms.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2014

34 The diagram shows a magnified section of part of the lungs containing specialised tissues. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Where are there a high proportion of carbonic anhydrase, HCO3 – ions and lysosomes? contains high proportion of carbonic – ions HCO3 lysosomes anhydrase A 1 3 4 B 2 4 5 C 3 5 6 D 4 6 1

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2014

37 What are antigens? A non-self macromolecules found only on bacteria that trigger the formation of antibodies B non-self macromolecules that trigger an immune response C proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains D self macromolecules embedded in B-lymphocyte cell membranes

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2014

35 Which are specific immune responses? 1 phagocytosis 2 production of antibodies 3 effect of histamine A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

37 A person’s blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells. Most people have antibodies in their blood plasma even if they have never received a blood transfusion. It is these antibodies in the plasma of the person who receives the blood which makes some blood transfusions unsafe. The table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups. blood group antigens on red blood cells antibodies in plasma A A antibodies to B B B antibodies to A AB A and B no antibodies to A and B O neither A nor B antibodies to A and B Which are the blood groups of people who can safely receive blood from a person who has blood group A? A A and AB B A and O C B and O D AB only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

7 Proteases are a group of enzymes that digest proteins. Which statement about proteases is correct? A A bacterial protease that is secreted from a disease-causing bacterium could act as an antigen and cause the production of an antibody. B Bacterial proteases are important in the nitrogen cycle as they are able to catalyse the breakdown of the organic nitrogen molecules nucleotides and urea. C Non-competitive inhibition of a protease that has an optimum pH of pH2 can be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration and increasing the pH. D Water molecules are required when peptide bonds that link the monomers together are broken by the action of proteases in condensation reactions.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

36 Cells which divide and give rise to macrophages are called stem cells. Where in the body do these stem cells divide? A blood plasma B bone marrow C lymph nodes D tissue fluid

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

37 Which type of immunity occurs following infection by a pathogen? natural artificial active A B passive C D

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

37 Which cells become memory cells in the immune response? 1 B-lymphocytes 2 T-lymphocytes 3 phagocytes A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2015

36 Which action is taken by a B-lymphocyte activated by an antigen? A It attaches to the infected cell displaying the antigen and destroys it. B It divides repeatedly to form a clone of genetically identical plasma cells. C It engulfs the infected body cell which displays the antigen. D It secretes cytokines which stimulate T-lymphocytes to produce plasma cells.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2015

33 A person breathes in small particles from a very dusty environment. What effect will this have on B-lymphocytes and goblet cells? B-lymphocytes goblet cells A less active more active B less active no change C more active more active D no change less active

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2015

36 What describes a function of a macrophage? A They are found in tissues and secrete cytokines in response to infection. B They can leave the blood and accumulate at sites of inflammation. C They can leave the blood and secrete cytotoxins when exposed to damaged cells. D They circulate in the blood and produce antigens in response to infection.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

35 Which statement is correct for a neutrophil? A They are found in tissues and secrete cytokines in response to infection. B They can leave the blood and accumulate at sites of inflammation. C They can leave the blood and secrete cytotoxins when exposed to damaged cells. D They circulate in the blood and present antigens in response to infection.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

37 Which statements correctly describe lymphocytes? 1 Each B-lymphocyte has the ability to make several types of antibody molecules. 2 Some B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes become memory cells. 3 Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood plasma. 4 Some T-lymphocytes stimulate macrophages to kill infected cells. A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 2, 3 and 4 only D 1 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

36 What describes natural active immunity? A protection against a pathogen by an injection of antibodies B protection against a pathogen by drinking colostrum containing antibodies C stimulation of lymphocytes by antigens contained in a vaccine D stimulation of lymphocytes by antigens on the surface of invading pathogens

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

38 Which row correctly identifies the roles of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes? provide humoral secrete antibodies secrete cytokines response A B-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes B B-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes C T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes D T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

39 A person’s blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells. The table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups. blood antigens on red antibodies group blood cells in plasma A A anti-B B B anti-A AB A and B neither O neither anti-A and anti-B During a blood transfusion, it is essential that the recipient’s blood does not contain antibodies to the donor’s blood. Which blood groups can be given to a person with blood group B? A A and B B AB and B C AB and O D B and O

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

40 What are the functions of T-lymphocytes during an immune response? 1 destroy infected body cells 2 differentiate into memory cells 3 secrete antibodies A 1 and 2 B 2 and 3 C 1 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2016

39 What describes a non-specific immune response? A activation of killer T-lymphocytes by infected cells B cloning of B-lymphocytes to form plasma cells C ingestion of a bacterial cell by a neutrophil D presentation of antigens on the cell surface of macrophages

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2016

39 The graph shows the antibody response when a person is injected first with antigen X and later with antigens X and Y. Which curve shows the primary response to antigen Y? A B antibody concentration D C time antigen X antigen X and Y injected injected

1 marks

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2016

38 What describes a function of a T-lymphocyte? A They are only found in blood and secrete cytokines in response to infection. B They can leave the blood and accumulate at sites of inflammation. C They can leave the blood and secrete cytotoxins when exposed to bacteria. D They circulate in the blood and always present antigens in response to infection.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

39 A person’s blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells. The table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups. blood group antigens on red blood cells antibodies in plasma A A antibodies to B B B antibodies to A AB A and B neither O neither antibodies to A and B During a blood transfusion, it is essential that the recipient’s blood does not contain antibodies to the donor’s blood. Which blood group can be given to a person with blood group AB? A AB only B O only C B and A only D A, B, AB and O

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

14 Which molecules, found in cell surface membranes, help the immune system to identify cells? 1 cholesterol 2 glycolipids 3 glycoproteins 4 proteins A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

39 Which statements about macrophages are correct? 1 More are found in tissues such as the lungs, than in the blood. 2 They have a role in antigen presentation. 3 They can engulf pathogens, dust particles and damaged body cells. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

20 Some stem cells divide and give rise to phagocytes. Where in the human body do these stem cells divide? 1 blood 2 bone marrow 3 lymph nodes A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2017

39 Which of the statements could describe both B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes? 1 They contain specific protein receptors in their cell surface membranes. 2 They differentiate into plasma cells. 3 They divide by mitosis. A 1 and 3 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 2 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2017

40 B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes are often unable to respond to the antigens on pathogens that are intracellular parasites. What is the reason for this? A The antigens are constantly mutating. B The antigens can destroy the lymphocytes. C The lymphocytes do not encounter the antigens. D The lymphocytes do not recognise the antigens.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2017

40 What is the first response by the immune system to a pathogen? A ingestion of the pathogen by phagocytes B production of antibodies C production of antigens D stimulation of B memory cells

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2017

39 The photomicrograph shows human blood, with three types of white cell labelled. T R S Which row correctly identifies these white cells? cell R cell S cell T A lymphocyte lymphocyte lymphocyte B lymphocyte phagocyte phagocyte C phagocyte lymphocyte phagocyte D phagocyte phagocyte lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2017

39 Which sequence of events occurs during an immune response? 1 development of plasma cells 2 mitosis of B-lymphocytes 3 recognition of non-self antigens 4 secretion of antibodies A 2 → 3 → 4 → 1 B 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 C 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 D 3 → 2 → 1 → 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

33 The photograph shows blood cells as seen using a high power light microscope. 1 3 2 Which row correctly identifies the different types of white blood cell? 1 2 3 A lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil B monocyte neutrophil macrophage C neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte D phagocyte lymphocyte monocyte

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2017

39 The flow diagram shows the events following activation of a T-lymphocyte by binding to antigens on an infected cell. T-lymphocyte helper cells killer cells B-lymphocytes X Y more activated killer cells Z memory cells Which row correctly identifies X, Y and Z? X Y Z A memory cells macrophages antibodies B memory cells memory cells plasma cells C neutrophils memory cells plasma cells D plasma cells neutrophil memory cells

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2017

38 Some children are born with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Children with this inherited disease do not normally have any T-lymphocytes and suffer from many infectious diseases. How may these children be cured from SCID? A transfusion of antibodies B treatment with stem cells C use of different antibiotics D vaccination against all diseases

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2018

37 Why do people with HIV/AIDS have a higher occurrence of malaria than people without HIV/AIDS? A HIV/AIDS and malaria are both diseases where the pathogen travels in blood. B HIV/AIDS and malaria are both transmitted in blood. C HIV/AIDS infects T-lymphocytes which are used by the malaria pathogen. D HIV/AIDS suppresses the immune response to the malaria pathogen.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2018

39 Where are antigens found? on the surface of | on the surface of pathogen macrophage Jv v key ¥ = antigens found 0 Oo WwW > v x x Jv X = antigens not found x x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2018

40 When an organ is transplanted from one person to another, rejection of the non-self organ must be avoided. At the same time, the immune system of the recipient must be maintained to prevent death from infections. What prevents rejection of the transplanted organ? A continued activity of B-lymphocytes B natural active immunity C natural passive immunity D suppression of T-lymphocyte activity

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2018

16 The diagram shows part of the cell surface membrane. 1 2 4 3 Which components act as antigens? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2018

39 Where are antigens found? 0 0O WwW > on the surface of pathogen «x «4 on the surface of macrophage x < x in blood plasma Kj « < x key ¥ = antigens found X = antigens not found

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2018

39 Which statements correctly describe lymphocytes? 1 Each B-lymphocyte has the ability to make several types of antibody molecules. 2 Some B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes become memory cells. 3 Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood plasma. 4 Some T-lymphocytes stimulate macrophages to kill infected cells. A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1 and 4 only D 2, 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

40 Addison’s disease can occur when antibodies are produced in response to an enzyme found in some organs of the body. Which statements correctly describe Addison’s disease? 1 It is a non-infectious disease. 2 It is a type of auto-immune disease. 3 Antibodies are produced against a self-antigen. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

38 Where are antigens found? on the surface of macrophages in blood plasma v key ¥ = antigens found X = antigens not found 09D > ~*~ KOK OX v x x

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

39 Where are antigens found? on surface in blood of pathogen plasma A Jv Jv key B v x ¥ = antigens found Cc x v X = antigens not found D x x

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2018

38 Why does the white blood cell count increase in people with leukaemia? A More antibodies are required so there are more B-lymphocytes. B More lymphocytes are produced in bone marrow. C More memory cells are produced in plasma. D More T-lymphocytes are required to stimulate the immune system.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

39 Where are antibodies found during an immune response? on the surface of pathogens ~ Kw & on the surface of memory cells x < x key JY = antibodies found X = antibodies not found

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

39 Which statements describe myasthenia gravis? 1 Antibodies attack proteins within the body. 2 T-lymphocytes are involved in an inflammatory response. 3 The immune system blocks receptors at the neuromuscular junction. 4 The immune system attacks the central nervous system. A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2019

38 Which are specific immune responses? 1 phagocytosis 2 production of antibodies 3 production of memory cells A 1 and 3 only B 1 only C 2 and 3 only D 2 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2019

22 The enzyme telomerase prevents loss of telomeres after many mitotic cell cycles. Which cells need to transcribe telomerase enzyme? 1 stem cells 2 activated memory B-lymphocytes 3 helper T-lymphocytes secreting cytokines A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2019

33 Which row correctly identifies the locations in which a type of molecule or cell is present? type of molecule or cell blood lymph tsue antigen v v v glucose v x v lymphocyte x v Xx neutrophil x v Jv key v¥ = is present X = is not present

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2019

38 The graph shows the amount of antibody produced in response to an antigen. concentration of antibody in the blood 0 10 20 30 40 time in days first exposure to an antigen From the graph, which statement is correct? A It takes 25 days to achieve active immunity. B Memory cells for this antigen are present in the body within 20 days. C T-helper lymphocytes are activated on day 12. D The second exposure to the antigen occurred on day 25.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

39 The enzyme telomerase prevents loss of telomeres after many mitotic cell cycles. Which types of white blood cell involved in an autoimmune condition will contain active telomerase? mature helper B-lymphocyte neutrophils T-lymphocyte plasma cells memory cells v Jv J key Jv Jv x / =contain active telomerase x x v X = do not contain active telomerase x Jv Jv

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

29 The image shows three white blood cells labelled X, Y and Z. Z X Y Which row correctly identifies these cells? cell X cell Y cell Z A lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte B lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil C monocyte lymphocyte neutrophil D neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2019

19 Which cells contain telomeres that are longer than those in a helper T-lymphocyte secreting cytokines? 1 bone marrow stem cells 2 mature red blood cells 3 activated memory B-lymphocytes A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

29 Which row correctly identifies the locations in which a type of molecule or cell is present? type of molecule or cell blood lymph tsue antibody v v v key large plasma protein Jv x J v = present lymphocyte v v Xx X =not present phagocyte x v Jv

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

38 Which row correctly describes B-lymphocytes? release antibodies immediately after formation processed in the thymus Jv key JY =correct X = incorrect x { x

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

40 Where are antibodies found during an immune response? on surface of in blood pathogen plasma Jv v key JY = antibodies found 0 Oo WwW > J x x v X = antibodies not found x x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2020

38 A blood cell count can indicate how many white blood cells there are in the blood. Where else in the body are white blood cells found? 1 bone marrow 2 lymph 3 lungs A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2020

39 Myasthenia gravis is a disease that results from the immune system failing to distinguish between self and non-self. Antibodies bind to a component of the junctions between a muscle and its nerve. What correctly describes Myasthenia gravis? A Impulses in the nerve to the affected muscle cannot be blocked. B The affected muscle cannot be repeatedly stimulated. C The affected muscle is permanently stimulated. D The nerve to the affected muscle does not carry any nerve impulses.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2020

29 The photomicrograph shows three white blood cells labelled X, Y and Z. X Z Y Which row correctly identifies these cells? cell X cell Y cell Z A lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte B lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil C monocyte lymphocyte neutrophil D neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2020

38 When exposed to an antigen for a second time, memory cells stimulate a secondary immune response. Which correctly shows the secondary immune response? memory cell A B C D secretes divides into divides into secretes antibodies plasma cells plasma cells and antibodies and memory cells divides into memory cells

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2020

13 Lysozyme occurs in human tears, saliva, milk and mucus. Lysozyme has a role in the immune system and hydrolyses peptidoglycan. Which description of lysozyme is correct? A It is an extracellular antibody. B It is an intracellular antibody. C It is an extracellular antibacterial protein. D It is an intracellular antibacterial protein.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

29 Which row is correct for the location of a type of molecule or cell? type of molecule or cell blood lymph ou A antibodies Xx v v B plasma proteins Jv x x Cc lymphocytes v v v D phagocytes v x v key / = present X = not present

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

38 Muscle cells have cell surface receptors for the neurotransmitter, ACh. These receptors allow the muscle to respond to a nerve impulse. In the condition myasthenia gravis, the helper T cells stimulate a clone of B cells to become plasma cells and secrete antibodies that bind to and block these ACh receptors. The muscles cannot be stimulated and begin to break down. A short-term treatment for myasthenia gravis is to inject monoclonal antibodies into the blood. What is the target of these monoclonal antibodies? A antibodies that bind to ACh receptors B muscle cell surface ACh receptors C plasma cells secreting anti-ACh receptor antibodies D the stimulating neurotransmitter ACh

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

39 People with the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis can have a treatment to relieve the symptoms. In this treatment, one of the components of their blood is removed. Which blood component is removed? A antibodies B macrophages C neutrophils D red blood cells

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2021

38 What are functions of T-lymphocytes? 1 production of cytokines 2 production of toxins 3 recognition of an antigen bound to an antigen-presenting cell A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2021

39 Which statements correctly describe lymphocytes? 1 Each B-lymphocyte has the ability to make several types of antibody molecules. 2 Some B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes become memory cells. 3 Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood plasma. 4 Some T-lymphocytes stimulate macrophages to kill infected cells. A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1 and 4 only D 2, 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2021

39 The diagram shows the immune response following infection by a virus. activated cells F activated cell chemical chemical chemical stimulation stimulation stimulation E H G host cell infected with virus secretion of antibodies Which row identifies the cells labelled E, F, G and H? E F G H A B-memory cell T-helper cell T-killer cell plasma cell B B-memory cell T-memory cell macrophage plasma cell C plasma cell T-memory cell T-helper cell B-memory cell D T-killer cell B-memory cell macrophage T-helper cell

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2021

30 The photomicrograph shows human blood cells. X What type of blood cell is X? A B-lymphocyte B monocyte C phagocyte D T-lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2021

38 Which description of a T-lymphocyte is correct? A They are only found in blood and secrete cytokines in response to infection. B They can leave the blood and accumulate at sites of inflammation. C They can leave the blood and secrete cytotoxins when exposed to bacteria. D They circulate in the blood and always present antigens in response to infection.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2021

40 Which cell type causes the secondary immune response to be much faster than the primary immune response? A helper T-lymphocyte B memory cell C phagocyte D plasma cell

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

38 Which row about a person with leukaemia only and about a person with measles only is correct? white blood cell bone marrow white blood cell count in a person function in a person count in a person with leukaemia only with leukaemia only with measles only A decreased increased decreased B decreased decreased increased C increased normal decreased D increased increased increased

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

39 What is the cause of symptoms of people with myasthenia gravis? A antibodies block receptor molecules on the cell surface membrane of muscle cells B it is an autoimmune disease where self-antigens attack antibodies C the destruction of T-lymphocytes, which have receptors complementary to self-antigens D the loss of cell surface membrane receptors in nerve cells found in the spinal cord

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

40 Which type of immunity does a baby have at birth? A active artificial B active natural C passive artificial D passive natural

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

38 T-lymphocytes have a protein, PD-1, on their surface. Some cancer cells have a receptor molecule on their surface which binds with PD-1, inactivating the T-lymphocyte. A monoclonal antibody, lambrolizumab, has been produced against this receptor. Trials showed that in 54 of 135 people with advanced skin cancer who were given lambrolizumab the tumours more than halved in volume. In six of the 57 people who were given the highest dose the tumours disappeared. What may be correctly concluded from this information? 1 Lambrolizumab binds with a receptor on the surface of skin cancer cells. 2 Cancer cells to which lambrolizumab is bound cannot inactivate T-lymphocytes. 3 Lambrolizumab targets and kills skin cancer cells. 4 Lambrolizumab allows a patient’s own immune system to kill cancer cells. A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 4 only C 1 and 3 only D 2, 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2022

39 A person’s blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells. The table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups. presence of A or B antigens presence of antibodies to blood group on red blood cells A or B in plasma A A only anti-B only B B only anti-A only AB A and B neither O neither anti-A and anti-B During a blood transfusion, it is essential that the person receiving the blood does not have antibodies to the donor’s blood. Which blood groups can be given to a person with blood group AB? A AB only B O only C A and B only D A, B, AB and O

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2022

40 Which types of cell are stimulated to divide by the cytokines produced by T-helper cells? A macrophages B B-lymphocytes only C T-killer cells only D B-lymphocytes and T-killer cells

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2022

39 A person’s blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells. The table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups. blood presence of A or B presence of antibodies to group antigens on red blood cells A or B in plasma A A only anti-B only B B only anti-A only AB A and B neither O neither anti-A and anti-B During a blood transfusion, it is essential that the person who receives the blood does not have antibodies to the donor’s blood. Which blood groups can be given to a person with blood group B? A A and B B AB and B C AB and O D B and O

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

40 A student used a diagram to show four types of cells involved in the primary immune response. cell type 4 cell type 1 recognise the foreign release chemicals that antigen, move towards stimulate phagocytes it and surrounds it to engulf antigens unknown antigen enters the body cell type 3 cell type 2 produce the antibodies destroy cells infected required to bind to with viruses which would the antigen be released into the body Which row is correct? cell 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 4 A B-lymphocyte macrophage T-killer cell T-helper cell B macrophage B-lymphocyte T-helper cell T-killer cell C T-helper cell T-killer cell B-lymphocyte macrophage D T-killer cell T-helper cell B-lymphocyte macrophage

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

39 A person’s blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells. Antibodies in the plasma of the person who receives the blood can make some blood transfusions unsafe. The table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups. presence of A or B antigens presence of antibodies to blood group on red blood cells A or B in plasma A A only anti-B only B B only anti-A only AB A and B neither O neither anti-A and anti-B Which blood groups can be given to a person with blood group A? A A and AB B A and O C B and O D AB only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2022

40 Some of the events during the primary immune response are listed. 1 phagocytosis of a foreign microbe by a macrophage and antigen presentation 2 some T-lymphocytes will become T-killer cells which kill infected body cells 3 the T-helper cell divides by mitosis to produce T-lymphocyte clones 4 a T-helper cell with the complementary receptor binds to the antigens being presented What is the correct sequence of events during the primary immune response? A 4  1  3  2 B 1  4  3  2 C 3  1  4  2 D 3  4  1  2

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2022

40 A student wrote three statements about antibodies. 1 Their structure depends on peptide, hydrogen and disulfide bonds. 2 They are protein molecules with both tertiary and quaternary structure. 3 Four polypeptides provide four antigen binding sites. Which statements are correct? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

39 Which statements explain the differences between a primary and a secondary response to exposure to the same antigen? 1 The primary response is slow, because there are only a few B-lymphocytes that are specific to the antigen. 2 The secondary response is faster, because there are many memory cells specific to the antigen. 3 More antibodies are produced during the secondary response, because many of the memory cells differentiate into plasma cells specific to the antigen. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2022

40 Which statement about B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes is correct? A They become active only when a specific antibody binds to their surface receptor. B They divide to form clones when meeting an antitoxin in a cell. C They produce memory cells to respond to an antigen when exposed in the future. D They release hormone-like cytokines which stimulate release of antibodies.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2022

40 Which processes characterise the mode of action of phagocytes? 1 antibody production 2 receptor binding 3 endocytosis 4 exocytosis 5 hydrolysis A 1, 2 and 4 B 1 and 4 only C 2, 3, 4 and 5 D 3 and 5 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2023

39 Which blood cell type does not recognise, engulf and digest non-self particles? A macrophages B neutrophils C phagocytes D T-killer cells

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2023

39 A patient with kidney failure can be given a kidney transplant. In a kidney transplant, a healthy kidney is taken from another person and put into the patient’s body. Sometimes the donated kidney cells are killed by the patient’s body. In this primary immune response, T-lymphocytes bind to antigens on the donated kidney cells and are activated. The statements describe the next stages of the primary immune response. 1 Activated T-lymphocyte secretes cytokines. 2 B-lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells and make antibodies. 3 T-killer cells bind to antigens on donor kidney cells. 4 T-killer cells release toxins that destroy the donor kidney cells. 5 T-lymphocytes multiply by mitosis and differentiate into T-killer cells. Which order correctly explains how donor kidney cells are killed? A 1  5  2  3 B 1  5  3  4 C 3  1  5  2 D 3  5  4  1

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

29 The photomicrograph shows three white blood cells labelled X, Y and Z. Y Z X Which row correctly identifies these cells? cell X cell Y cell Z A lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil B lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte C monocyte neutrophil lymphocyte D neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

39 Some responses made by cells of the immune system to a pathogen are listed. 1 mitosis 2 recognises a pathogen 3 produces memory cells 4 secretes enzymes Which responses are correct for phagocytes? A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

17 Which row is correct for stem cells? can be involved in the can repair cells formation of phagocytes A yes no B yes yes C no no D no yes

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

38 The electron micrograph shows a type of blood cell. What can be concluded from the electron micrograph? A The cell secretes products that are toxic to pathogens. B The cell synthesises a large quantity of proteins. C The cell synthesises large quantities of antigens. D The cell digests pathogenic bacteria.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

39 Why is mitosis important in the immune response? A It allows B-lymphocytes to produce plasma cells. B It allows B-lymphocytes to synthesise antibodies. C It allows neutrophils to carry out phagocytosis. D It allows T-lymphocytes to recognise foreign antigens.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

38 What is the correct sequence of events in a primary immune response? A T-lymphocyte activation  B-lymphocyte selection  plasma cell release B antigen presentation by macrophages  cytokines released by T-helper cells  B-lymphocyte differentiation C antigen presentation by neutrophils  T-memory cell activation  B-lymphocyte selection D T-memory cell activation  B-memory cell activation  antibody production

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2024

39 The events listed occur during the primary immune response to a specific pathogen. 1 activation of B-lymphocyte to produce plasma cells and memory cells 2 phagocytosis of invading pathogens by macrophages 3 T-helper cell activation and production of T-killer cells 4 expression of antigens on phagocyte cell surface 5 production and release of antibodies Which row identifies a correct sequence of events? first last A 5 1 2 4 3 B 2 4 3 1 5 C 4 2 1 5 3 D 4 2 3 1 5

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2024

15 Proteases are a group of enzymes that digest proteins. Which statements about proteases are correct? 1 A bacterial protease that is secreted from a disease-causing bacterium could act as an antibody and cause the production of antigens against it. 2 Non-competitive inhibition of a protease that has an optimum condition of pH 2 can be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration and increasing the pH. 3 Water molecules are required when peptide bonds that link the monomers together are broken by the action of proteases in hydrolysis reactions. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

39 What will be produced by the division of memory cells during a secondary immune response? A macrophages B plasma cells C neutrophils D monocytes

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

39 Which row is correct? involved in secrete phagocytosis antibodies A T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes B T-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes C B-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes D B-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

40 Four steps that occur during the primary immune response to a pathogen are listed. P B-lymphocytes divide by mitosis. Q T-helper cells interact with macrophages that have digested pathogens. R Plasma cells secrete antibodies. S T-helper cells activate other lymphocytes. These steps can be arranged in the sequence in which they occur. Which step occurs third in the sequence? A P B Q C R D S

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

40 The HIV virus causes illness by infecting and destroying T-helper cells. This leads to AIDS and an inability to produce an effective immune response. Which components of the immune system are produced less effectively when AIDS develops? 1 memory cells 2 plasma cells 3 antibodies A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2025

31 The diagrams show three types of blood cells, which are all drawn to the same scale. nucleus nucleus nucleus X Y Z Which row shows the characteristics of the cells? engulfs name of each responds pathogens by blood cell X to one antigen endocytosis A monocyte Y Z B monocyte Z Y C lymphocyte Y Z D lymphocyte Z Y

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2025

39 The statements describe the phagocytosis of a bacterium by a macrophage. 1 Digestive enzymes break down the bacterium. 2 Lysosome fuses with the vacuole. 3 Macrophage displays the bacterial antigens on its cell surface membrane. 4 Macrophage engulfs the bacterium and encloses it in a vacuole. 5 Receptors on the cell surface membrane of macrophage bind to the bacterium. Which order is correct for phagocytosis? A 3  5  4  1  2 B 4  2  1  5  3 C 5  4  2  1  3 D 5  4  3  1  2

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2025

17 The diagram shows part of a eukaryotic cell surface membrane. 1 2 4 3 Which components act as antigens in cell surface membranes? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2025

38 Some events that happen during phagocytosis are listed. 1 Molecules on the surface of a pathogen bind to the cell surface membrane of a phagocyte. 2 Endocytosis takes place forming a specialised vesicle. 3 Enzymes catalyse hydrolysis reactions. 4 Lysosomes migrate through the cytoplasm and fuse with an organelle. What is the correct order of these events during phagocytosis? A 1  2  4  3 B 1  4  2  3 C 3  2  4  1 D 3  4  2  1

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2025

39 Which cells involved in the primary immune response are phagocytes? A monocytes B plasma cells C T-helper cells D T-killer cells

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/14 May/June 2025

15 What are the main roles of glycolipids in cell surface membranes? 1 to help cells to attach to each other to form tissues 2 to act as antigens for cell-to-cell recognition 3 to increase fluidity for the cell surface membrane A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

40 What describes a non-specific immune response? A activation of killer T-lymphocytes by infected cells B cloning of B-lymphocytes to form plasma cells C ingestion of a bacterial cell by a neutrophil D recognition of antigens on the cell surface of macrophages

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

39 Four different treatments were tested in a human volunteer during a year. One of these treatments was a vaccine. The treatments were injected into the volunteer and blood samples were taken after two weeks. The samples were analysed to obtain a cell count for four types of cell. The results are shown in the table. Which treatment was the vaccine? (Assume the volunteer's baseline blood cell count was the same before each treatment.) cell count / cells per cm3 monocytes neutrophils plasma cells macrophages A 250 180 450 230 B 500 190 220 240 C 260 450 240 250 D 250 190 230 550

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025