Particles in the atom and atomic radius — Paper 1 · A Level Chemistry 9701

2 Which ion has more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons? [H = 1 1H ; D = 2 1 H ; O = 16 8 O] A D– B H3O+ C OD– D OH–

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2005

4 A radioactive isotope of thallium, 201 81 Tl, is used to assess damage in heart muscles after a heart attack. Which statement about 201 81 Tl is correct? A This isotope has a nucleon number of 120. B The number of electrons in one atom of this isotope is 81. C The number of neutrons in one atom of this isotope is 201. D 201 X is an isotope of 201 81 Tl. 82

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2006

13 In which pair is the radius of the second atom greater than that of the first atom? A Na, Mg B Sr, Ca C P, N D Cl, Br

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2006

31 The Group IV elements carbon, silicon and germanium all exist in a diamond structure. The bond lengths in these structures are given below. element X C Si Ge bond length X–X / nm 0.154 0.234 0.244 Why does the bond length increase down the group? 1 Orbital overlap decreases down the group. 2 Atomic radius increases down the group. 3 Nuclear charge increases down the group.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2006

31 The chlorine oxide free radical, ClO•, is formed during the depletion of the ozone layer by chlorofluoroalkanes (CFCs). Cl • + O3 → ClO• + O2 Which features are present in the chlorine oxide free radical? 1 an odd number of electrons 2 a single covalent bond 3 a dative covalent bond from oxygen to chlorine

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2006

13 Which species has the largest radius? A P3 − B Cl − C Ar D K+

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2007

3 Skin cancer can be treated using a radioactive isotope of phosphorus, 32 P . A compound 15 containing the phosphide ion 32 15P −, wrapped in a plastic sheet, is strapped to the affected 3 area. What is the composition of the phosphide ion, 32 15P −? 3 protons neutrons electrons A 15 17 18 B 15 17 32 C 17 15 17 D 32 17 15

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2008

4 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Hard water contains calcium ions and hydrogencarbonate ions arising from dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2. How many electrons are present in the hydrogencarbonate anion? A 30 B 31 C 32 D 33

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2008

12 Which group of particles is in order of increasing size? A N O F B N3– O2– F– C Na+ Mg2+ Al 3+ D Na+ Ne F–

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2009

38 The chlorine free radical takes part in the destruction of the ozone layer. Which statements about this free radical are correct? 1 It is formed by the heterolytic fission of the covalent bond in a chlorine-containing molecule. 2 It has a single unpaired electron. 3 It has the same electron arrangement as a chlorine atom.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2009

31 Sodium hydrogensulfide, NaSH, is used to remove hair from animal hides. Which statements about the SH– ion are correct? 1 It contains 18 electrons. 2 Three lone pairs of electrons surround the sulfur atom. 3 Sulfur has an oxidation state of +2.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2010

32 Sodium hydrogensulfide, NaSH, is used to remove hair from animal hides. Which statements about the SH– ion are correct? 1 It contains 18 electrons. 2 Three lone pairs of electrons surround the sulfur atom. 3 Sulfur has an oxidation state of +2.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2010

2 A simple ion X+ contains eight protons. What is the electronic configuration of X+? A 1s2 2s1 2p6 B 1s2 2s2 2p3 C 1s2 2s2 2p5 D 1s2 2s2 2p7

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2010

6 Which ion has more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons? [H = 1 1H ; D = 2 1 H ; O = 16 8 O] A D– B H3O+ C OD– D OH–

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2010

3 Which ion has more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons? [H = 1 1H ; D = 2 1 H ; O = 16 8 O] A D– B H3O+ C OD– D OH–

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2010

5 Which factor helps to explain why the first ionisation energies of the Group I elements decrease from lithium to sodium to potassium to rubidium? A The nuclear charge of the elements increases. B The outer electron is in an ‘s’ subshell. C The repulsion between spin-paired electrons increases. D The shielding effect of the inner shells increases.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2011

37 Which descriptions of the ammonium ion are correct? 1 It contains ten electrons. 2 It has a bond angle of 109.5°. 3 It has only three bonding pairs of electrons.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2011

1 Helium, He, is the second element in the Periodic Table. Tritium is the isotope of hydrogen 3H. What is the same in an atom of 4He and an atom of 3H? A the number of electrons B the number of neutrons C the number of protons D the relative atomic mass

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2011

34 Which descriptions of the ammonium ion are correct? 1 It contains ten electrons. 2 It has a bond angle of 109.5°. 3 It has only three bonding pairs of electrons.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2011

19 Ar, Ca2+ and K+, contain the same number of electrons. In which order do their radii increase? smallest radius largest radius A Ar K+ Ca2+ B Ca2+ Ar K+ C Ca2+ K+ Ar D K+ Ar Ca2+

1 marks

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2011

2 In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different? A 11 B B 19 F − C 23 Na + D 24 12Mg 2 + 5 9 11

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2012

18 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Sodium and sulfur react together to form sodium sulfide, Na2S. How do the atomic radius and ionic radius of sodium compare with those of sulfur? atomic radius ionic radius A sodium > sulfur sodium > sulfur B sodium > sulfur sodium < sulfur C sodium < sulfur sodium > sulfur D sodium < sulfur sodium < sulfur

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2012

32 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. In which pairs do both species have the same number of unpaired p electrons? 1 O and Cl + 2 F+ and Ga– 3 P and Ne+

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2012

2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The 68Ge isotope is medically useful because it undergoes a natural radioactive process to give a gallium isotope, 68Ga, which can be used to detect tumours. This transformation of 68Ge occurs when an electron enters the nucleus, changing a proton into a neutron. Which statement about the composition of an atom of the 68Ga isotope is correct? A It has 4 electrons in its outer p subshell. B It has 13 electrons in its outer shell. C It has 37 neutrons. D Its proton number is 32.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2012

9 John Dalton’s atomic theory, published in 1808, contained four predictions about atoms. Which of his predictions is still considered to be correct? A All atoms are very small in size. B All the atoms of a particular element have the same mass. C All the atoms of one element are different in mass from all the atoms of other elements. D No atom can be split into simpler parts.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2012

19 Which diagram shows the variation of the metallic radius r of the Group I elements, Li, Na, K and Rb, with increasing proton (atomic) number? A B C D r r r r proton number proton number proton number proton number

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2012

32 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The isotope 99Tc is radioactive and has been found in lobsters and seaweed adjacent to nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Which statements are correct about an atom of 99Tc? 1 It has 13 more neutrons than protons. 2 It has 43 protons. 3 It has 99 nucleons.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2012

2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The 68Ge isotope is medically useful because it undergoes a natural radioactive process to give a gallium isotope, 68Ga, which can be used to detect tumours. This transformation of 68Ge occurs when an electron enters the nucleus, changing a proton into a neutron. Which statement about the composition of an atom of the 68Ga isotope is correct? A It has 4 electrons in its outer p subshell. B It has 13 electrons in its outer shell. C It has 37 neutrons. D Its proton number is 32.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2012

9 John Dalton’s atomic theory, published in 1808, contained four predictions about atoms. Which of his predictions is still considered to be correct? A All atoms are very small in size. B All the atoms of a particular element have the same mass. C All the atoms of one element are different in mass from all the atoms of other elements. D No atom can be split into simpler parts.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2012

13 Why is the ionic radius of a chloride ion larger than the ionic radius of a sodium ion? A A chloride ion has one more occupied electron shell than a sodium ion. B Chlorine has a higher proton number than sodium. C Ionic radius increases regularly across the third period. D Sodium is a metal, chlorine is a non-metal.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2012

19 Which diagram shows the variation of the metallic radius r of the Group I elements, Li, Na, K and Rb, with increasing proton (atomic) number? A B C D r r r r proton number proton number proton number proton number

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2012

31 How may nitrogen exist in compounds? 1 bonded by a triple covalent bond 2 as part of a cation 3 having lost 3 electrons to form an anion

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2012

32 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The isotope 99Tc is radioactive and has been found in lobsters and seaweed adjacent to nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Which statements are correct about an atom of 99Tc? 1 It has 13 more neutrons than protons. 2 It has 43 protons. 3 It has 99 nucleons.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2012

12 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Why is the ionic radius of a sulfide ion larger than the ionic radius of a potassium ion? A Ionic radius always decreases with increasing atomic number. B Positive ions have smaller radii than negative ions. C The potassium ion has more protons in its nucleus than the sulfide ion. D The sulfide ion is doubly charged; the potassium ion is singly charged.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2012

32 The phosphide ion 31 P 3– and sulfide ion 32 S 2– have the same number of which sub-atomic 15 16 particles? 1 neutrons 2 electrons 3 protons

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2012

5 In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different? A 27 A l B 35 C l − C 16S 32 2 − D 39 K + 13 17 19

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2013

3 Which ion has more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons? [H = 1 1H ; D = 2 1 H ; O = 16 8 O] A D– B H3O+ C OD– D OH–

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2013

2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different? A 19 F − B 23 Na + C 31 P D 16 S 32 2 − 9 11 15

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2013

32 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Which statements are correct when referring to the atoms 23Na and 24Mg? 1 They have the same number of full electron orbitals. 2 They have the same number of neutrons. 3 They are both reducing agents.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2013

4 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. In which set do all species contain the same number of electrons? A Co2+, Co3+, Co4+ B F–, Br –, Cl – C Na+, Mg2+, Al 3+ D K2SO4, K2SeO4, K2TeO4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2013

31 X is a particle with 18 electrons and 20 neutrons. What could be the symbol of X? 1 38 Ar 18 2 40 20Ca 2 + 3 39 K + 19

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2013

4 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. In which set do all species contain the same number of electrons? A Co2+, Co3+, Co4+ B F–, Br –, Cl – C Na+, Mg2+, Al 3+ D K2SO4, K2SeO4, K2TeO4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2013

31 X is a particle with 18 electrons and 20 neutrons. What could be the symbol of X? 1 38 Ar 18 2 40 20Ca 2 + 3 39 K + 19

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2013

31 The 1H3 + ion was first characterised by J. J. Thomson over a century ago. 6Li is a rare isotope of lithium which forms the 6Li+ ion. Which statements are correct? 1 Both ions contain the same number of protons. 2 Both ions contain the same number of electrons. 3 Both ions contain the same number of neutrons.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2013

19 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Which graph correctly shows relative electronegativity plotted against relative atomic radius for the elements Na, Mg, Al and Si? A B Si Al Al electronegativity Mg electronegativity Mg Si Na Na atomic radius atomic radius C D Na Si Mg Al electronegativity Al electronegativity Mg Si Na atomic radius atomic radius

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2014

4 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The most common ion-molecule reaction in gas clouds of the Universe is as shown. H2(g) + H2 +(g) → H(g) + H3 +(g) What could be the composition of an H3 + ion? protons neutrons electrons A 2 1 1 B 2 1 2 C 3 0 1 D 3 0 2

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2014

16 The species Ne, Na+ and Mg2+ are isoelectronic. This means that they have the same number of electrons. In which order do their radii increase? smallest largest A Ne Na+ Mg2+ B Ne Mg2+ Na+ C Mg2+ Ne Na+ D Mg2+ Na+ Ne

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2014

31 In 2011 an international group of scientists agreed to add two new elements to the Periodic Table. Both elements had been made artificially and were called ununquadium (Uuq) and ununhexium (Uuh). Uuq Uuh proton number 114 116 nucleon number 289 292 Which statements about these elements are correct? 1 One atom of Uuh has one more neutron than one atom of Uuq. 2 One Uuq2– ion has the same number of electrons as one atom of Uuh. 3 One Uuh+ ion has the same number of electrons as one Uuq– ion.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2014

14 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Sir Humphrey Davy discovered boron, calcium, magnesium and sodium. Which of these elements has the second smallest atomic radius in its group and the third lowest first ionisation energy in its period? A boron B calcium C magnesium D sodium

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2014

14 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Sir Humphrey Davy discovered boron, calcium, magnesium and sodium. Which of these elements has the second smallest atomic radius in its group and the third lowest first ionisation energy in its period? A boron B calcium C magnesium D sodium

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2014

2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. In some types of spectroscopy, it is important to know if ions are isoelectronic. This means that they contain equal numbers of electrons. Which ion is not isoelectronic with K+? A Ca2+ B Cl – C S2– D Ti3+

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2014

31 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The isotope 99Tc is radioactive and has been found in lobsters and seaweed adjacent to nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Which statements are correct about an atom of 99Tc? 1 It has 13 more neutrons than protons. 2 It has 43 protons. 3 It has 99 nucleons.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2015

1 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. In which option do all three particles have the same electronic configuration and the same number of neutrons? A 15N3– 16O2– 19F– B 18O2– 19F– 20Ne C 19F– 20Ne 23Na+ D 22Ne 23Na 24Mg2+

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2015

31 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Which statements about the phosphide ion, 31P3–, and the chloride ion, 35Cl –, are correct? 1 They have the same number of electrons. 2 They have the same number of neutrons. 3 They have the same number of protons.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2015

31 The relative molecular mass, Mr, of a particular sample of chlorine is 72.0. Which properties of the atoms in this sample will be the same for all of the atoms? 1 radius 2 nucleon number 3 isotopic mass

1 marks

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2015

36 Which descriptions of the ammonium ion are correct? 1 It contains ten electrons. 2 It has a bond angle of 109.5°. 3 It has only three bonding pairs of electrons.

1 marks

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2015

3 Which ion has both more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons? [H = 1 1H; D = 2 1 H; O = 16 8 O] A D– B H3O+ C OD– D OH–

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2016

4 Which species contains the smallest number of electrons? A B3+ B Be2+ C H– D He+

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2016

12 Why is the ionic radius of a chloride ion larger than the ionic radius of a sodium ion? A A chloride ion has one more occupied electron shell than a sodium ion. B Chlorine has a higher proton number than sodium. C Ionic radius increases regularly across the third period. D Sodium is a metal, chlorine is a non-metal.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2016

31 X is a particle with 18 electrons and 20 neutrons. What could be the symbol of X? 1 38 Ar 18 2 40 20Ca 2 + 3 39 K + 19

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2016

12 Sodium and sulfur react together to form sodium sulfide, Na2S. How do the atomic radius and ionic radius of sodium compare with those of sulfur? atomic radius ionic radius A sodium < sulfur sodium > sulfur B sodium < sulfur sodium < sulfur C sodium > sulfur sodium > sulfur D sodium > sulfur sodium < sulfur

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2016

6 Carbon and silicon have the same outer electronic structure. Why is a Si–Si bond weaker than a C–C bond? A Silicon atoms have a larger atomic radius than carbon atoms. B Silicon has a greater nuclear charge than carbon. C Silicon has a smaller first ionisation energy than carbon. D Silicon is more metallic than carbon.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2016

4 Sodium azide, NaN3 is an explosive used to inflate airbags in cars when they crash. It consists of positive sodium ions and negative azide ions. What are the numbers of electrons in the sodium ion and the azide ion? sodium ion azide ion A 10 20 B 10 22 C 12 20 D 12 22

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2016

5 The 68Ge isotope is medically useful because it undergoes a natural radioactive process to give an isotope of a different element, 68X, which can be used to detect tumours. This transformation of 68Ge occurs when an electron enters the nucleus and changes a proton into a neutron. Which statement about the composition of an atom of 68X is correct? A It has 4 electrons in its outer p orbitals. B It has 13 electrons in its outer shell. C It has 37 neutrons. D Its proton number is 32.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2016

4 Sodium azide, NaN3 is an explosive used to inflate airbags in cars when they crash. It consists of positive sodium ions and negative azide ions. What are the numbers of electrons in the sodium ion and the azide ion? sodium ion azide ion A 10 20 B 10 22 C 12 20 D 12 22

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2016

5 The 68Ge isotope is medically useful because it undergoes a natural radioactive process to give an isotope of a different element, 68X, which can be used to detect tumours. This transformation of 68Ge occurs when an electron enters the nucleus and changes a proton into a neutron. Which statement about the composition of an atom of 68X is correct? A It has 4 electrons in its outer p orbitals. B It has 13 electrons in its outer shell. C It has 37 neutrons. D Its proton number is 32.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2016

1 In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different? A 19 F − B 23 Na + C 31 P D 16 S 32 2 − 9 11 15

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2017

12 The elements magnesium and sulfur each form doubly charged ions. How do the atomic radii and ionic radii of these elements compare? atomic ionic atomic ionic radius radius radius radius A Mg > Mg2+ S > S2– B Mg > Mg2+ S < S2– C Mg < Mg2+ S > S2– D Mg < Mg2+ S < S2–

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2017

1 The ion Y3– contains 18 electrons and has a mass number of 31. How many protons and neutrons does Y3– contain? protons neutrons A 15 16 B 15 18 C 18 13 D 21 10

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2017

1 In which pair do the atoms contain the same number of neutrons? A 11B and 12C B 7Li and 9Be C 24Mg and 28Si D 14N and 16O

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2017

31 In 2011 an international group of scientists agreed to add two new elements to the Periodic Table. Both elements had been made artificially and are called flerovium, Fl, and livermorium, Lv. Fl Lv proton number 114 116 nucleon number 289 292 From the information about atoms in the table, which statements are correct? 1 One atom of Lv has one more neutron than one atom of Fl. 2 One Fl 2– ion has the same number of electrons as one atom of Lv. 3 One Lv+ ion has the same number of electrons as one Fl – ion.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2017

3 Drinking water may contain dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2. How many electrons are present in a hydrogencarbonate anion? A 30 B 31 C 32 D 33

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2018

32 In which pairs do both species have the same number of electrons? 1 35Cl and 37Cl 2 35Cl – and 40Ar 3 40Ar and 40K+

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2018

2 Neutrons are passed through an electric field. The mass of one neutron relative to 12 1 the mass of a 12C atom and any deflection in the electric field is recorded. Which row is correct? mass of behaviour of beam of neutron neutrons in an electric field A 0 deflected B 1 deflected C 0 not deflected D 1 not deflected

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2018

36 Which properties increase from magnesium to barium? 1 ionic radius of the cation M2+ 2 screening of outermost electrons by inner shells 3 solubility of the hydroxides, M(OH)2, in water

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2018

2 Beams of charged particles are deflected by an electrical field. The angle of deflection of a particle is proportional to its charge / mass ratio. In an experiment protons are deflected by an angle of +15°. In another experiment under identical conditions 2H– ions are deflected by an angle of Y°. What is the value of Y? A –30.0 B –7.5 C +7.5 D +30.0

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2018

3 Rubidium and bromine form ions that are isoelectronic. Each ion has 36 electrons. Which row is correct? bromine rubidium radii / bromide radii A atomic < ionic atomic < ionic B atomic < ionic atomic > ionic C atomic > ionic atomic < ionic D atomic > ionic atomic > ionic

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2018

36 Which properties increase from magnesium to barium? 1 ionic radius of the cation M2+ 2 screening of outermost electrons by inner shells 3 solubility of the hydroxides, M(OH)2, in water

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2018

31 An atom of calcium-48 can form a 2+ ion. Which statements about this ion are correct? 1 It has 20 protons. 2 It has 28 neutrons. 3 It has 22 electrons.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2019

32 Which statements about an atom of 99Tc are correct? 1 It has 13 fewer protons than neutrons. 2 It forms 99Tc2+ which has 45 electrons. 3 It has 56 nucleons.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2019

12 Sodium and sulfur react together to form sodium sulfide, Na2S. How do the atomic radius and ionic radius of sodium compare with those of sulfur? atomic radius ionic radius A sodium < sulfur sodium > sulfur B sodium < sulfur sodium < sulfur C sodium > sulfur sodium > sulfur D sodium > sulfur sodium < sulfur

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2019

31 Which deductions about the 209 Bi atom are correct? 83 1 It has 83 electrons. 2 It has 126 nucleons. 3 It has 83 neutrons.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2019

31 A particular atom of germanium, Ge, has a nucleon number of 70. Which statements about a 70 Ge atom are correct? 32 1 It has the same number of electrons as a 79 34Se 2 + ion. 2 It has the same number of neutrons as an atom of 68 30Zn. 3 It has half as many protons as an atom of 160 64Gd.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2019

31 A particular atom of germanium, Ge, has a nucleon number of 70. Which statements about a 70 Ge atom are correct? 32 1 It has the same number of electrons as a 79 34Se 2 + ion. 2 It has the same number of neutrons as an atom of 68 30Zn. 3 It has half as many protons as an atom of 160 64Gd.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2019

1 What number of protons, neutrons and electrons are present in the ion 54Fe3+? protons neutrons electrons A 26 28 23 B 26 28 29 C 29 25 23 D 29 25 26

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2020

31 Scientists are trying to synthesise a new element with proton number 119. The element is predicted to be a Group 1 element in Period 8 of the Periodic Table. Which predictions are likely to be correct about this element? 1 The outermost occupied orbital of one atom of this element will be an s orbital. 2 The atomic radius will be the largest of the seven elements in Group 1. 3 It will have a greater first ionisation energy than element 118.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2020

34 Sodium and fluorine are both reactive elements. Two atoms are described. F Na atomic number 9 11 nucleon number 19 23 Which statements about these two atoms, and the ions they can form, are correct? 1 One Na atom has two more protons than one F– ion. 2 One Na atom has two more neutrons than one F atom. 3 One Na+ ion has the same number of electrons as one F– ion.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2020

1 Which particle has equal numbers of protons and neutrons and an electronic structure of 1s22s22p63s23p6? A 39 Ar B 40 20Ca 2 + C 16 8O 2 − D 32 S 18 16

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2020

3 A single 32P nucleus can be produced when a single 32S nucleus joins with particle X. In the process a proton is emitted. What is particle X? A a deuteron, 2 H  1 B an electron C a neutron D a proton

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2020

31 The symbol for a phosphorus ion is 33 15P 3 − . The symbol for a potassium ion is 37 K + . 19 What do these two ions have in common? 1 the same number of electrons 2 the same number of neutrons 3 the same number of protons

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2020

1 The table shows the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in four different particles, W, X, Y, and Z. number of number of number of protons neutrons electrons W 32 40 32 X 32 40 34 Y 32 42 32 Z 34 40 34 Which pair represents the atoms of two isotopes of the same element? A W and Y B W and Z C X and Y D X and Z

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2021

35 Which statements are correct going across Period 3 from sodium to chlorine? 1 The charge on the nucleus increases, pulling the electrons closer to it. 2 The radius of the most common ion of each element decreases. 3 The shielding caused by inner electrons decreases, so the outer electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2021

31 In which ions are the number of electrons equal to the number of neutrons? 1 19 F  9 2 15P 31 3 23 Na  11

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2021

3 Which atom has the same number of electrons as an ammonium ion? A Mg B Na C Ne D O

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2021

34 Which molecules contain at least one unpaired electron? 1 NO 2 NO2 3 NH3

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2021

21 Bromomethane, CH3Br, decomposes in the stratosphere forming methyl free radicals and bromine free radicals. Which row correctly describes this decomposition? number of electrons in type of bond fission a bromine free radical A homolytic 35 B heterolytic 35 C homolytic 36 D heterolytic 36

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2021

34 Which molecules contain at least one unpaired electron? 1 NO 2 NO2 3 NH3

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2021

2 Which atom has the same number of electrons as the hydroxide ion, OH–? A F B Ne C Na D Mg

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2022

18 Why is the ionic radius of a sulfide ion larger than the ionic radius of a potassium ion? A Ionic radius always decreases with increasing atomic number. B Positive ions always have smaller radii than negative ions. C The potassium ion has more protons in its nucleus than the sulfide ion. D The sulfide ion is doubly charged; the potassium ion is singly charged.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2022

2 Which element has the second smallest atomic radius in its group and the second highest electrical conductivity in its period? A boron B calcium C magnesium D sodium

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2022

17 Which ion has the smallest radius? A Al 3+ B Ba2+ C Mg2+ D Na+

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2022

18 Which row describes the relative sizes of the ionic radii of Na+, Mg2+ and S2–? smallest largest A Na+ Mg2+ S2– B Mg2+ Na+ S2– C S2– Na+ Mg2+ D S2– Mg2+ Na+

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2022

3 In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different? A 27 A l B 35 C l  C 16S 32 2  D 39 K  13 17 19

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2022

12 Which atom contains four times as many neutrons as the atom? A B C D

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2023

22 V and Z are both elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Each element forms one stable ion that does not contain another element. The atomic radius of each element and the ionic radius of the ion described above is shown. atomic radius ionic radius element /nm /nm V 0.186 0.095 Z 0.099 0.181 Which statement is correct? A Ions of V and Z have the same number of full electron shells. B Ions of Z are positively charged. C Z has a greater electronegativity than V. D V has more outer electrons than Z.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2023

1 Sodium azide, NaN3 is an explosive used to inflate airbags in cars when they crash. It consists of positive sodium ions and negative azide ions. What are the numbers of electrons in the sodium ion and the azide ion? sodium ion azide ion A 10 20 B 10 22 C 12 20 D 12 22

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2023

1 Which particle contains 8 protons, 9 neutrons and 10 electrons? A B C D

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2023

19 X and Y are atoms of different elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Neither X nor Y is argon. X is a non-metal. X has a greater atomic radius than Y. Which statement is correct? A X has more occupied electron shells than Y. B X has more protons in each atom than Y. C X has the same number of outer electrons in each atom as Y. D Y is a non-metal. Four mixtures are added to four separate 50cm3 samples of water and stirred.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2023

1 Sodium azide, NaN3 is an explosive used to inflate airbags in cars when they crash. It consists of positive sodium ions and negative azide ions. What are the numbers of electrons in the sodium ion and the azide ion? sodium ion azide ion A 10 20 B 10 22 C 12 20 D 12 22

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2023

1 Which species contains the same number of neutrons as 14 C and the same number of electrons 6 as 23 Na  ? 11 A 17 F B 16 7N 3 – C 20 Ne D 16 8O 2 – 9 10

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2024

18 This question refers to isolated gaseous species. The species F–, Ne and Na+ are isoelectronic. This means they have the same number of electrons. In which order do their radii increase? smallest largest A Na+ F– Ne B F– Ne Na+ C Na+ Ne F– D Ne F– Na+

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2024

4 Which statement about 131 53 is correct? I A A negative ion of 131 53 contains 53 neutrons and 52 electrons. I B A negative ion of 131 53 contains 53 neutrons and 54 electrons. I C A negative ion of 131 53 contains 78 neutrons and 52 electrons. I D A negative ion of 131 53 contains 78 neutrons and 54 electrons. I

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2024

18 Which statement is correct? A The atomic radius of silicon is larger than that of aluminium. B The boiling point of chlorine is higher than that of silicon. C The first ionisation energy of sulfur is greater than that of phosphorus. D The electrical conductivity of magnesium is greater than that of sodium.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2024

3 What is the total number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in an ammonium ion with a relative formula mass of 21? number number number of protons of neutrons of electrons A 11 10 10 B 10 11 11 C 10 11 10 D 11 10 11

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2024

1 Which species contains a different number of electrons from the other three? A Cl O4 – B H2SO4 C SO4 2– D Te2–

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2024

19 X and Y are elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Y has a greater atomic number than X. The stable ion formed by Y has a greater radius than the stable ion formed by X. The stable ion formed by Y has 18 electrons. Which row is correct? number of element with electrons in the the greater stable ion of X atomic radius A 10 X B 10 Y C 18 X D 18 Y

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2024

4 An ion with a charge of 2– contains 10 electrons and 14 neutrons. What is its nucleon number? A 14 B 22 C 24 D 26

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2025

2 How many neutrons are contained in an atom of iron with a mass number of 60? A 26 B 30 C 34 D 60

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2025

14 A helium ion contains two protons, two neutrons and one electron. This helium ion and a proton are passed separately through a uniform electric field. The particles are travelling at the same velocity. Which arrow describes the path of each particle? 1 5 + 2 4 – 3 helium ion proton A 1 2 B 2 1 C 4 5 D 5 4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2025

23 In which row do the particles increase in size? smallest largest A N O F B N3– O2– F– C Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ D Na+ Ne F–

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2025