The heart — Paper 1 · A Level Biology 9700

28 What is the function of the Purkyne (Purkinje) tissue in the mammalian heart? A to conduct a wave of electrical excitation over the atria B to conduct a wave of electrical excitation over the ventricles C to reduce the spontaneous contraction rate of the heart D to separate oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

30 The diagram shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart and aorta over time. The length of this cardiac cycle is 0.6 s. Points 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate when atrio-ventricular valves and semi- lunar valves either open or close. 16 3 14 2 12 10 pressure / key kPa 8 left ventricle 6 aorta 4 4 left 1 atrium 2 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 time / s What is the total time during one cardiac cycle that the atrio-ventricular valves and the semi-lunar valves are both closed at the same time? A 0.03 s B 0.04 s C 0.07 s D 0.21 s

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2006

29 What is systolic blood pressure? A the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing B the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the end of a contraction C the maximum blood pressure in the arteries D the maximum blood pressure in the right ventricle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2007

28 The diagram shows two cardiac cycles of a student, with the sequence of events set against a time scale. seconds 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 key AS = atrial systole VS = ventricular systole AS VS DIASTOLE AS VS DIASTOLE How many times per minute is the student’s heart beating? A 72 B 75 C 80 D 90

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2008

29 The following graph shows the pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during a cardiac cycle. 20 2 1 pressure / kPa 10 key left ventricle 3 4 aorta left atrium 0 –1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s With reference to the semilunar and bicuspid valves, what is happening at points 1, 2, 3 and 4? semi-lunar valve bicuspid valve opens closes opens closes A 1 2 3 4 B 1 2 4 3 C 2 3 1 4 D 2 3 4 1

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2008

27 Which chamber of the heart shows the greatest pressure changes during one cardiac cycle? A left atrium B left ventricle C right atrium D right ventricle

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

28 What happens to the blood flow in the cardiac cycle? A Blood flows into the aorta through the semilunar valve due to contraction of the right ventricle. B Blood flows into the left atrium through the pulmonary artery when the walls of the left atrium relax. C Blood flows into the right atrium through the vena cava when the walls of the right atrium relax. D Blood flows into the right ventricle through the semilunar valve when the walls of the right atrium contract.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2008

28 The trace represents the electrical activity of the heart during a single heart beat. R T P Q S Which letters identify the flow of current through the atria and the recovery of the ventricle walls? A P and R B P and T C Q and R D Q and S

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2010

29 What is systolic blood pressure? A the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing B the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the end of a contraction C the maximum blood pressure in the arteries D the maximum blood pressure in the right ventricle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2010

30 Aortic stenosis is a heart valve disorder in which the aortic semi-lunar valve opening is narrow. Which effect could aortic stenosis have on the heart structure and function? A The tendons of the heart valves are weakened by blood being forced back through the bicuspid/left atrio-ventricular valve into the left atrium. B The cardiac muscle of the left ventricle wall is thinned by blood leaking out of the left ventricle during ventricular diastole. C There is less cardiac muscle in the left ventricle and reduced diastolic blood pressure, caused by the smaller blood volume entering the left atrium. D The wall of the left ventricle thickens, leading to an enlarged heart and inability to relax and fill completely during diastole.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2010

38 Aortic stenosis is a heart valve disorder in which the aortic semi-lunar valve opening is narrow. Which effect could aortic stenosis have on the heart structure and function? A The tendons of the heart valves are weakened by blood being forced back through the bicuspid/left atrio-ventricular valve into the left atrium. B The cardiac muscle of the left ventricle wall is thinned by blood leaking out of the left ventricle during ventricular diastole. C There is less cardiac muscle in the left ventricle and reduced diastolic blood pressure, caused by the smaller blood volume entering the left atrium. D The wall of the left ventricle thickens, leading to an enlarged heart and inability to relax and fill completely during diastole.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2010

39 The trace represents the electrical activity of the heart during a single heart beat. R T P Q S Which letters identify the flow of current through the atria and the recovery of the ventricle walls? A P and R B P and T C Q and R D Q and S

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2010

15 Aortic stenosis is a heart valve disorder in which the aortic semi-lunar valve opening is narrow. Which effect could aortic stenosis have on the heart structure and function? A The tendons of the heart valves are weakened by blood being forced back through the bicuspid/left atrio-ventricular valve into the left atrium. B The cardiac muscle of the left ventricle wall is thinned by blood leaking out of the left ventricle during ventricular diastole. C There is less cardiac muscle in the left ventricle and reduced diastolic blood pressure, caused by the smaller blood volume entering the left atrium. D The wall of the left ventricle thickens, leading to an enlarged heart and inability to relax and fill completely during diastole.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2010

17 The trace represents the electrical activity of the heart during a single heart beat. R T P Q S Which letters identify the flow of current through the atria and the recovery of the ventricle walls? A P and R B P and T C Q and R D Q and S

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2010

29 The diagram shows the valves inside the heart. 2 3 1 4 Which valves are open or closed when the atria are relaxed and the ventricles contracted? valves open valves closed A 3 and 4 1 and 2 B 2 and 4 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 1 and 4 D 1 and 4 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

30 The graph shows pressure changes during a cardiac cycle. 16 Y 14 X 12 10 pressure / 8 kPa 6 Z 4 W 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s Which row correctly identifies W, X, Y, and Z? W X Y Z A atrio-ventricular semi-lunar semi-lunar atrio-ventricular valves close valves close valves open valves open B atrio-ventricular semi-lunar semi-lunar atrio-ventricular valves close valves open valves close valves open C semi-lunar atrio-ventricular atrio-ventricular semi-lunar valves close valves open valves close valves open D semi-lunar atrio-ventricular atrio-ventricular semi-lunar valves open valves close valves open valves close

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

30 What happens during ventricular diastole? A All semilunar valves open. B The atrio-ventricular valves open. C The pressure in the atria rises above the pressure in the ventricles. D The pressure in the left atrium rises more than the pressure in the right atrium.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2011

31 Which row correctly describes the events during the cardiac cycle? nerve impulses from nerve impulses from nerve impulses from atrio-ventricular node (AVN) to Purkyne tissue (PT) to sino-atrial node (SAN) to A SAN the ventricles AVN B PT the atria PT C PT the ventricles AVN D SAN the atria PT

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2011

24 Which features enable the aorta to withstand high pressure at ventricular systole? A collagen fibres and elastin fibres B collagen fibres and endometrium C elastin fibres and large lumen D smooth muscle and small lumen

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2011

26 What events occur during contraction of the left ventricle? A The bicuspid valve opens and semilunar valve in the aorta opens. B The bicuspid valve closes and semilunar valve in the aorta closes. C The pressure in the left atrium becomes greater than the pressure in the left ventricle. D The pressure in the left ventricle becomes greater than the pressure in the aorta.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2011

5 Which row correctly describes the events during the cardiac cycle? nerve impulses from nerve impulses from nerve impulses from atrio-ventricular node (AVN) to Purkyne tissue (PT) to sino-atrial node (SAN) to A SAN the ventricles AVN B PT the atria PT C PT the ventricles AVN D SAN the atria PT

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2011

6 What happens during ventricular diastole? A All semilunar valves open. B The atrio-ventricular valves open. C The pressure in the atria rises above the pressure in the ventricles. D The pressure in the left atrium rises more than the pressure in the right atrium.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2011

24 The diagram shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart and aorta over time. The length of this cardiac cycle is 0.6 s. Points 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate when atrio-ventricular valves and semi- lunar valves either open or close. 16 3 14 2 12 10 pressure / kPa key 8 left ventricle 6 aorta 4 4 left 1 atrium 2 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 time / s What is the total time during one cardiac cycle that the atrio-ventricular valves and the semi-lunar valves are both closed at the same time? A 0.03 s B 0.04 s C 0.07 s D 0.21 s

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

35 The diagram shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart and aorta over time. The length of this cardiac cycle is 0.6 s. Points 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate when atrio-ventricular valves and semi- lunar valves either open or close. 16 3 14 2 12 10 pressure / kPa key 8 left ventricle 6 aorta 4 4 left 1 atrium 2 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 time / s What is the total time during one cardiac cycle that the atrio-ventricular valves and the semi-lunar valves are both closed at the same time? A 0.03 s B 0.04 s C 0.07 s D 0.21 s

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

28 The graph shows the pressure in three parts of the heart during one cycle. pressure key / kPa left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s At 0.2 seconds, which part of the heart is responding to the excitatory stimulus? A B D C

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2012

29 The graph shows the pressure changes in different areas of the left side of the heart during one cardiac cycle. X pressure / kPa Y Z 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s Which row shows the pressure changes in each part of the heart? left left aorta atrium ventricle A X Y Z B Y Z X C Z X Y D Z Y X

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2012

30 The stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by each contraction of a ventricle. The ventricular end-diastolic volume is the volume of blood in the ventricle just before systole. Which graph shows the relationship between the stroke volume and the ventricular end-diastolic volume? A B 200 200 stroke stroke volume 100 volume 100 / cm3 / cm3 0 0 0 100 200 0 100 200 ventricular end-diastolic ventricular end-diastolic volume / cm3 volume / cm3 C D 200 200 stroke stroke volume 100 volume 100 / cm3 / cm3 0 0 0 100 200 0 100 200 ventricular end-diastolic ventricular end-diastolic volume / cm3 volume / cm3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2012

35 The graph shows the pressure in three parts of the heart during one cycle. pressure key / kPa left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s At 0.2 seconds, which part of the heart is responding to the excitatory stimulus? A B D C

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2012

26 What happens during ventricular systole in a mammalian heart? A aortic pressure increases B atrioventricular valves open C semilunar valves close D ventricular pressure decreases

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

28 The diagram shows the heart and some of its blood vessels. 2 3 4 1 Which combination of numbers correctly identifies the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart and carry blood from the heart? to the heart from the heart A 1 and 2 3 and 4 B 2 and 3 1 and 4 C 3 and 4 1 and 2 D 4 and 1 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

29 The diagram shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. pressure key / kPa left ventricle aorta X left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s What happens at X? A atrioventricular valves close B atrioventricular valves open C semilunar valves close D semilunar valves open

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

30 The graph shows the pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during a cardiac cycle. 2 1 pressure key / kPa left ventricle aorta 3 4 left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s With reference to the semilunar valve and atrioventricular valve, what is happening at points 1, 2, 3 and 4? semilunar valve atrioventricular valve opens closes opens closes A 1 2 3 4 B 1 2 4 3 C 2 3 1 4 D 2 3 4 1

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2012

29 The diagram shows changes in pressure in the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. R Q key pressure left ventricle aorta P S left atrium 0 0 time Which statement about the heart valves is correct? A At P, the atrioventricular valve opens. B At Q, the semilunar valve opens. C At R, the semilunar valve opens. D At S, the atrioventricular valve closes.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

31 The diagram shows the pressure changes in various structures of the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. At the end of which period, A, B, C or D, is the ventricle full of blood? A B C D pressure key / kPa left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2013

30 The diagram shows the pressure changes in various structures of the right side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. key pressure / kPa X Y Z 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s Which structures are represented by the letters X, Y and Z? X Y Z A pulmonary artery right atrium right ventricle B right atrium pulmonary artery right ventricle C right ventricle pulmonary artery right atrium D right ventricle right atrium pulmonary artery

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2013

32 Aortic stenosis is a heart valve disorder in which the aortic semi-lunar valve opening is narrow. Which effect could aortic stenosis have on heart structure and function? A The cardiac muscle of the left ventricle wall is thinned by blood leaking out of the left ventricle during ventricular diastole. B There is less cardiac muscle in the left ventricle and reduced diastolic blood pressure, caused by the smaller blood volume entering the left atrium. C The tendons of the heart valves are weakened by blood being forced back through the left atrio-ventricular (bicuspid) valve into the left atrium. D The wall of the left ventricle thickens, leading to an enlarged heart and inability to relax and fill completely during diastole.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2013

29 The diagram shows the pressure changes in various structures of the right side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. pressure X / kPa 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s Which structure is represented by letter X? A pulmonary artery B right atrium C right ventricle D vena cava

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2013

30 The trace represents the electrical activity of the heart during a single heart beat. R T P Q S Which letters identify the flow of current through the atria and the recovery of the ventricle walls? A P and R B P and T C Q and R D Q and S

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2013

28 During a cardiac cycle, the pressure in the right ventricle is lower than that in the right atrium and lower than that in the pulmonary artery. Which row is correct? atrioventricular semilunar valve valve A closed closed B closed open C open closed D open open

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

29 What correctly describes an event in the cardiac cycle that follows atrial systole? A A wave of excitation passes through the sinoatrial node (SAN), before spreading down to the base of the septum. B Electrical impulses pass from the muscles of the atria to the muscles of the ventricles to cause ventricular systole. C Electrical impulses pass through conducting fibres, which cause a delay before spreading to Purkyne tissue. D The opening and closing of the semilunar valves occurs later than the opening and closing of the atrioventricular valves.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

30 ‘Heart block’ is a disease which can result in a lower than normal heart rate. A doctor treating a patient suffering from heart block found that electrical impulses were initiated as normal but were not correctly conducted to the ventricles, so the rate of ventricular contraction was slowed. Which may be functioning incorrectly in the patient? 1 atrioventricular node (AVN) 2 Purkyne tissue 3 sinoatrial node (SAN) A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2013

28 What occurs during ventricular systole in a mammalian heart? 1 aortic pressure increases 2 atrial pressure does not change 3 ventricular pressure increases A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2013

29 The diagram shows a defect in the walls between the atria. fault in wall of atria What effect would this defect have on the blood circulatory system? A increased pressure in the pulmonary artery B irregular heart beat C reduced oxygen saturation of haemoglobin D ventricular systole is delayed

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2013

29 Some babies are born with a hole between the right and left atria. These babies are found to have an increased number of red blood cells. What is the reason for this increase? A More blood is needed because it is pumped faster. B More blood is needed because the pressure is lower. C Their haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen. D There is less oxygen available to the newly born baby.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

27 During the cardiac cycle, the movement of the valves causes sounds that can be heard using a stethoscope. What causes the first sound after atrial systole in the cardiac cycle? 1 closing of the atrioventricular valves 2 opening of the semilunar valves 3 closing of the semilunar valves A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

28 The following are all parts of the heart that control the heart action. 1 sinoatrial node (SAN) 2 atrioventricular node (AVN) 3 Purkyne tissue Which row for atrial contraction and ventricular contraction is correct? atrial contraction ventricular contraction AVN produces wave of SAN produces wave of A excitation excitation B Purkyne tissue carries AVN produces wave of wave of excitation excitation C SAN and AVN node Purkyne tissue carries the produce wave of excitation wave of excitation D SAN produces wave of Purkyne tissue carries wave excitation of excitation

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

31 One type of congenital heart defect is called atrial septal defect (ASD) where the left and right atria are not completely separated. ASD usually results in blood moving from the left atrium into the right atrium. This will cause increased blood pressure in the right atrium and decreased blood pressure in the left atrium. Which row describes the other effects of ASD on blood pressure and oxygenation? blood pressure in blood pressure % oxygenation of blood pulmonary artery in aorta in pulmonary artery A decreased increased decreased B decreased increased increased C increased decreased decreased D increased decreased increased

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

28 The diagram shows the pressure changes in various structures of the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. Which letter shows when the ventricle is empty of blood? A B C D pressure key / kPa left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

29 Which statement concerning events that occur in the heart is correct? A As the wave of excitation passes through the atrioventricular node there is a time delay before it passes down the Purkyne tissue to the ventricles. B Movement of blood into the ventricles following atrial contraction causes the ventricular blood pressure to rise above the blood pressure in the atria, closing the atrioventricular valve. C The band of non-conducting tissue between the atria and ventricles causes the wave of excitation to pass through the Purkyne tissue to reach the atrioventricular node. D The sinoatrial node in the left atrium, sends out a wave of excitation that spreads across the walls of the atria, resulting in the movement of blood from the atria into the ventricles.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

30 The diagram shows a section through the heart and the associated blood vessels. What is correct for the flow of blood through the heart? 1 4 2 3 A 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 B 2 → 1 → 3 → 4 C 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 D 4 → 3 → 2 → 1

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2015

33 What is a feature of coronary bypass surgery? A A section of a healthy vein or artery is attached to the aorta at one end and a coronary artery at the other end to bypass diseased sections of coronary artery. B A section of healthy vein or artery is used to bypass the diseased section of aorta in the region where the branches to the coronary arteries occur. C Blockages in coronary arteries with atherosclerosis are cleared surgically by temporarily using an artificial heart to re-route blood and bypass the heart. D The section of diseased coronary artery is removed and then replaced by using a section of a healthy vein or artery of a similar diameter.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2015

28 Which structure is correctly identified? A D B C A aorta B pulmonary artery C pulmonary vein D vena cava

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2015

29 Which structures transport deoxygenated blood? 1 4 2 3 A 1 and 2 B 2 and 4 C 3 and 4 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2015

30 The graph shows the changes in pressure that occur in the left side of the heart during one cardiac cycle. key pressure left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s What is the heart rate in beats per minute? A 75 B 80 C 120 D 150

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

29 What happens to the atrioventricular valves and to the semilunar valves during atrial systole and ventricular systole? atrial systole ventricular systole atrioventricular semilunar atrioventricular semilunar valves valves valves valves A open closed closed open B open closed open open C closed open closed closed D closed open open closed

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

29 The diagram shows the electrical activity in cardiac muscle during one heart beat. R electrical activity T P O Q S time What is happening at each of the labelled stages in the cardiac cycle? O P QRS T A atria contract atrio-ventricular atria relax ventricles contract valve opens B impulse leaves AVN ventricles contract atria relax atrio-ventricular valve closes C impulse leaves SAN atria contract ventricles contract ventricles relax D ventricles relax atria contract atrio-ventricular ventricles relax valve closes

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

28 Cardiac muscle is made up of many fibres that form the walls of the chambers of the heart. When the heart contracts, these fibres shorten in length so the muscle creates a force that exerts a pressure on the blood, causing it to move. Which statement explains the difference in thickness of the walls of ventricles of the heart? A There is more muscle in the wall of the right ventricle than that of the left ventricle because more pressure is needed to push blood into the aorta than into the pulmonary artery. B The number of muscle fibres in the left ventricle is greater than the number in the right ventricle so their contraction has more force, exerting more pressure on blood. C The space available to fill with blood inside the left ventricle is smaller than that of the right ventricle so more pressure is needed to force blood out. D The wall of the right ventricle is thicker than that of the left ventricle because it has to resist more pressure when the muscle of the right ventricle contracts.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

31 The graph shows the changes that take place in the volume of the left ventricle during one cardiac cycle. Which point on the graph represents the start of atrial systole? D A 70 C ventricular volume / cm3 B 0 time

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

32 The following tissues carry an electrical impulse during the cardiac cycle. 1 atrioventricular node 2 muscle wall of atria 3 Purkyne tissue 4 sinoatrial node In what order does the electrical impulse travel during the cardiac cycle? A 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 B 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 C 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 D 4 → 2 → 3 → 1

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

28 The diagram is an external view of the mammalian heart and the associated blood vessels. P Q R S Which statement about the blood vessels associated with a normal, healthy heart is correct? A P and Q carry blood with more oxyhaemoglobin than haemoglobin. B P and R carry blood that is saturated with oxygen. C S and P carry blood with a low oxygen concentration. D S and R carry blood with more haemoglobin than oxyhaemoglobin.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2016

29 The graph shows changes in blood pressure during one cardiac cycle. 16 14 12 10 key blood 8 aorta pressure ventricle / kPa 6 atrium 4 2 0 –2 0 X 0.75 time / s What is happening at time X? aortic semilunar atrium valve A closing emptying B closing filling C opening emptying D opening filling

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2016

32 Which statement concerning events that occur in the heart is correct? A As the wave of excitation passes through the atrioventricular node there is a time delay before it passes down the conducting fibres in the septum to the ventricles; this allows the atria to fill before ventricular systole. B Contraction of the ventricle muscles following atrial systole causes the ventricular blood pressure to rise above the blood pressure in the atria, closing the atrioventricular valve and preventing backflow. C The band of non-conducting fibres between the atria and ventricles prevents the wave of excitation from the atria reaching the ventricles directly; the wave of excitation passes to the Purkyne fibres and then to the atrioventricular node. D The primary pacemaker, the sinoatrial node in the left atrium, sends out a wave of excitation that spreads across the walls of the atria, resulting in the movement of blood from the atria into the ventricles.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2016

28 Which events occur during ventricular systole? 1 atrioventricular valves close 2 muscle in ventricle walls relaxes 3 semilunar valves open A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2016

29 The diagram shows a section through the heart. A D B C Which label is correct? A pulmonary artery B left ventricle C right atrium D aorta

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2016

31 The diagram shows pressure changes during the cardiac cycle. Which arrow indicates atrial systole? 20 D A pressure 10 / kPa B C 0 –1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 time / s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

33 The contraction of the heart is coordinated through electrical impulses passing through the cardiac muscle. What is the correct order of part of the sequence of these impulses? A right and left atria → atrioventricular node → Purkyne tissue → ventricular walls B right and left atria → Purkyne tissue → ventricular walls → atrioventricular node C right and left atria → sinoatrial node → atrioventricular node → ventricular walls D sinoatrial node → right and left atria → Purkyne tissue → atrioventricular node

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2017

33 The contraction of the heart is coordinated through electrical impulses passing through the cardiac muscle. Which is the correct order of part of the sequence of these impulses? A right and left atria → sinoatrial node → atrioventricular node → ventricular walls B sinoatrial node → right and left atria → atrioventricular node → Purkyne tissue C sinoatrial node → right and left atria → Purkyne tissue → atrioventricular node D sinoatrial node → right and left atria → Purkyne tissue → ventricular walls

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2017

26 The graph shows pressure changes during a cardiac cycle. Y X pressure / kPa Z W 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s Which row correctly identifies W, X, Y, and Z? W X Y Z A atrioventricular semi-lunar semi-lunar atrioventricular valves close valves close valves open valves open B atrioventricular semi-lunar semi-lunar atrioventricular valves close valves open valves close valves open C semi-lunar atrioventricular atrioventricular semi-lunar valves close valves open valves close valves open D semi-lunar atrioventricular atrioventricular semi-lunar valves open valves close valves open valves close

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2017

27 What is systolic blood pressure? A the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing B the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the end of a contraction C the maximum blood pressure in the arteries D the maximum blood pressure in the right ventricle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2017

26 Three areas involved in the control of heart action are listed. 1 atrioventricular node 2 Purkyne tissue 3 sinoatrial node In which order are they involved? A 1 → 2 → 3 B 1 → 3 → 2 C 3 → 1 → 2 D 3 → 2 → 1

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2017

32 The graph shows changes in the volume of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle. P volume / arbitrary units R ventricular diastole atrial systole systole stages of the cardiac cycle Which valves open and close at P and R? atrioventricular semilunar valve valve at P at R A closes closes B closes opens C opens closes D opens opens

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

32 What happens during left ventricular systole? A The atrioventricular node causes the immediate contraction of the ventricle, causing the atrioventricular valve to close. B The Purkyne tissue between the atrium and ventricle causes the ventricle to contract, closing the atrioventricular valve and opening the semilunar valve. C The sinoatrial node causes the atrium to stop contracting and the blood pressure in the ventricle to increase above that in the atrium. D The wave of excitation causes the ventricle to contract so that the blood pressure in the ventricle is higher than in the aorta, opening the semilunar valve.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2017

30 Which statement about the blood flow in the cardiac cycle is correct? A Blood flows into the aorta through the semilunar valve due to contraction of the right ventricle. B Blood flows into the left atrium through the pulmonary artery when the wall of the left atrium relaxes. C Blood flows into the right atrium through the vena cava when the wall of the right atrium relaxes. D Blood flows into the right ventricle through the semilunar valve due to contraction of the right atrium.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2018

28 The diagram shows the changes in electrical activity in the heart muscle during one cardiac cycle. This is called an electrocardiograph (ECG). sinoatrial node stimulated stimulates ventricular systole Which electrocardiogram shows a rate of 75 beats per minute? A B 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 time / s time / s C D 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 time / s time / s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2018

30 Which statement explains why the ventricles contract after the atria? A The band of fibres between the atria and the ventricles conducts the excitation wave slowly. B The excitation wave has to pass through a small area of conducting fibres in the septum. C The excitation wave has to travel further to reach the base of the ventricles than to spread across the atria. D The excitation wave travels slowly through the Purkyne tissue to reach the base of the septum.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2018

31 If the left atrioventricular valve in the heart does not close completely it results in blood flowing back into the atrium during ventricular systole. What would be the immediate effect of this back flow? A blood flowing from the heart carries less oxygen because less blood enters the lungs B diastolic pressure in the left ventricle falls because less blood enters the pulmonary artery C lower systolic pressure in the left atrium and less blood enters the pulmonary artery D raised pressure in the left atrium and less blood enters the aorta

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2018

29 The diagram shows a section through the heart and the associated blood vessels. 1 4 2 3 What is correct for the flow of blood through the heart? A 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 B 2 → 1 → 3 → 4 C 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 D 4 → 3 → 2 → 1

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

32 The diagram shows the pressure changes in various structures of the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. At the end of which period is the ventricle full of blood? A B C D pressure key / kPa left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

29 What describes the role of the atrio-ventricular node of the heart? A It causes the muscles of the ventricles to contract from the apex upwards. B It delays the transmission of a wave of electrical activity from the sinoatrial node. C It initiates a new wave of electrical activity in the ventricles. D It provides a non-conducting barrier between the atria and the ventricles.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

30 The diagram shows pressure changes during the cardiac cycle. Which arrow indicates ventricular systole? 20 B D pressure 10 / kPa A C 0 –1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 time / s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2018

32 The statements list some of the events in the cardiac cycle. They are not in the correct order. 1 The impulse travels through Purkyne tissue. 2 The ventricles contract. 3 The atrioventricular node delays the impulse for a fraction of a second. 4 The muscle tissue of the sinoatrial node contracts. 5 The wave of excitation sweeps upwards from the base of the ventricles. 6 A wave of excitation sweeps across the atria. 7 The atria contract. Which statement describes the second of these events to occur in the cardiac cycle? A 1 B 4 C 6 D 7

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

30 The photograph shows an external view of the front of a mammalian heart. S P R Q Which row identifies the position of the structures labelled P, Q, R and S? P Q R S A left atrium cardiac muscle Purkyne tissue pulmonary vein B left atrium left ventricle coronary artery vena cava C right atrium cardiac muscle Purkyne tissue aorta D right atrium right ventricle coronary artery pulmonary artery

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2019

31 What happens during ventricular systole? 1 The atrioventricular node transmits an electrical signal to the apex of the heart. 2 The pressure in the ventricles drops below the pressure in the atria. 3 The atrioventricular valves close and the semilunar valves open. A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2019

27 The diagram shows a cross-section through a mammalian heart. W X Which chambers of the heart are represented by W and X? W X A left ventricle right ventricle B right atrium left atrium C right atrium right ventricle D right ventricle left ventricle

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2019

28 At a certain point in a cardiac cycle, the pressure in the right ventricle is lower than that in the right atrium and lower than that in the pulmonary artery. Which row is correct? atrioventricular semilunar valve valve A closed closed B closed open C open closed D open open

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2019

32 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a heart defect that people can have from birth. People with VSD have a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the left and right ventricles. What could happen in a person with VSD? 1 Blood will leak through the hole, mostly from right to left. 2 The volume of blood circulating through the lungs will be higher than in a person without VSD. 3 Less oxygen will be delivered to the body tissues. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

33 The diagram shows the pressure changes in some structures of the right side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. pressure X / kPa 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s Which structure is represented by X? A pulmonary artery B right atrium C right ventricle D vena cava

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

28 The statements list some of the events in the cardiac cycle. They are not in the correct order. Which statement describes the fifth of these events to occur in the cardiac cycle? 1 The impulse travels through Purkyne tissue. 2 A wave of excitation sweeps across the atria. 3 The atrioventricular node delays the impulse for a fraction of a second. 4 The sinoatrial node contracts. 5 The wave of excitation sweeps upwards from the base of the ventricles. 6 The ventricles contract. 7 The atria contract. A 1 B 3 C 4 D 7

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

30 Which is the correct sequence for the opening of the valves in the mammalian heart during one cardiac cycle? A B right atrioventricular valve left atrioventricular valve ↓ ↓ pulmonary semilunar valve aortic semilunar valve ↓ ↓ left atrioventricular valve right atrioventricular valve ↓ ↓ aortic semilunar valve pulmonary semilunar valve C D left atrioventricular valve left atrioventricular valve and and aortic semilunar valve right atrioventricular valve ↓ ↓ right atrioventricular valve aortic semilunar valve and and pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary semilunar valve

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2019

32 Aortic stenosis is a heart valve disorder in which the aortic semilunar valve opening is narrow. Which effect could aortic stenosis have on heart structure and function? A The cardiac muscle of the left ventricle wall is thinned by blood leaking out of the left ventricle during ventricular diastole. B There is less cardiac muscle in the left ventricle and reduced diastolic blood pressure, caused by the smaller blood volume entering the left atrium. C The tendons of the heart valves are weakened by blood being forced back through the left atrioventricular valve into the left atrium. D The wall of the left ventricle thickens, leading to an enlarged heart and inability to relax and fill completely during diastole.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2019

30 The graph shows the changes in pressure that occur in the left side of the heart during one cardiac cycle. key pressure left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s At which time are the semi-lunar valves in the heart open? A 0.1 s B 0.3 s C 0.5 s D 0.7 s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

29 What explains why the left and right sides of the heart contract simultaneously? A Both atria have a sinoatrial node. B Both sides of the heart are supplied by the same coronary artery. C Purkyne tissue links the two sides of the heart. D There is no barrier to electrical excitation between two sides of the heart.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2020

30 The statements list some of the events in the cardiac cycle. They are not in the correct order. 1 The impulse travels through Purkyne tissue. 2 A wave of excitation sweeps across the atria. 3 The atrioventricular node delays the impulse for a fraction of a second. 4 The sinoatrial node contracts. 5 The wave of excitation sweeps upwards from the base of the ventricles. 6 The ventricles contract. 7 The atria contract. Which statement describes the third of these events to occur in the cardiac cycle? A 1 B 3 C 4 D 7

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2020

31 The diagram shows pressure changes in different parts of the heart during one cardiac cycle. During which period are the semilunar valves open and the atrioventricular valves closed? A B C D pressure key aortic pressure ventricle pressure atrial pressure 0 time

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2020

30 Which sequence of letters correctly identifies the order of events during the cardiac cycle? T atrial walls contract U impulse is delayed a fraction of a second V wave of excitation enters the atrioventricular node W wave of excitation passes down the Purkyne tissue X wave of excitation spreads from the sinoatrial node Y ventricles contract A B C D V W X X T U V U Y T Y V X W T Y W U W T Y X V U

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2020

29 Which row correctly describes the heart during atrial systole? wall of atrioventricular semilunar ventricle valve valve A contracted closed closed B contracted open open C relaxed closed open D relaxed open closed

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2021

35 The heart rate of a person at rest was recorded at intervals over two 15-minute periods. During the first five minutes of the second 15-minute period, the person smoked a cigarette. The graph shows the results recorded during the two 15-minute periods. 110 smoking for first five 100 minutes 90 heart rate / beats per min 80 not smoking 70 60 0 5 10 15 time / mins What can be concluded from the graph? A Carbon monoxide affects the heart rate. B Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin increasing the flow of blood. C Nicotine increases the heart rate so is a stimulant. D The heart rate increases as a result of smoking.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2021

28 The statements list some of the events in a cardiac cycle. The statements are not in the correct order. Which statement describes the fourth of these events to occur in the cardiac cycle? 1 The impulse travels through Purkyne tissue. 2 A wave of excitation sweeps across the atria. 3 The atrioventricular node delays the impulse for a fraction of a second. 4 The sinoatrial node contracts. 5 The wave of excitation sweeps upwards from the base of the ventricles. 6 The ventricles contract. 7 The atria contract. A 1 B 3 C 4 D 7

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2021

27 The sinoatrial node initiates the cardiac cycle. What is the correct order in which the chambers of the heart contract? A atria and ventricles at the same time B both atria then both ventricles C left atrium, then left ventricle, then right atrium, then right ventricle D right atrium, then right ventricle, then left atrium, then left ventricle

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2021

28 The graph shows pressure changes in different parts of the heart during a mammalian cardiac cycle. W, X, Y and Z indicate when a valve opens or closes. Y X pressure key / kPa aorta ventricle Z atrium W 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s Which row is correct? W X Y Z A opens closes closes opens B opens opens closes opens C closes opens closes opens D closes closes opens opens

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2021

30 Which diagram correctly shows the direction of the flow of blood through the heart? A B C D

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2021

28 The parts of the heart that control heart action are listed. ● sinoatrial node (SAN) ● atrioventricular node (AVN) ● Purkyne tissue Which row is correct for atrial contraction and ventricular contraction? atrial contraction ventricular contraction A AVN produces SAN produces waves of excitation waves of excitation B Purkyne tissue carries AVN produces waves of excitation waves of excitation C SAN and AVN produce Purkyne tissue carries waves of excitation waves of excitation D SAN produces Purkyne tissue carries waves of excitation waves of excitation

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2021

28 What will happen as a result of the blood pressure in the right ventricle becoming higher than the blood pressure in the right atrium? A The semilunar valve in the aorta will close. B The semilunar valve in the pulmonary artery will close. C The left atrioventricular valve will close. D The right atrioventricular valve will close.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

29 The graph shows pressure changes in different parts of the heart during a mammalian cardiac cycle. W, X, Y and Z indicate when a valve opens or closes. Y X key aorta pressure ventricle atrium Z W 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s Which row correctly identifies W, X, Y and Z? W X Y Z A atrioventricular atrioventricular semilunar semilunar valve opens valve closes valve opens valve closes B atrioventricular semilunar semilunar atrioventricular valve closes valve opens valve closes valve opens C semilunar semilunar atrioventricular atrioventricular valve opens valve closes valve opens valve closes D semilunar atrioventricular atrioventricular semilunar valve closes valve opens valve closes valve opens

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

28 The statements list some of the events in the cardiac cycle. They are not in the correct order. 1 The impulse travels through Purkyne tissue. 2 A wave of excitation sweeps across the atria. 3 The atrioventricular node delays the impulse for a fraction of a second. 4 The sinoatrial node contracts. 5 The wave of excitation sweeps upwards from the base of the ventricles. 6 The ventricles contract. 7 The atria contract. Which statement describes the sixth of these events to occur in the cardiac cycle? A 1 B 3 C 4 D 5

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

30 The diagram shows a cross-section through a mammalian heart. H G Which chambers of the heart are represented by G and H? G H A left ventricle right ventricle B right atrium left atrium C right atrium right ventricle D right ventricle left ventricle

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

31 Blood entering the heart from the vena cava passes through, or past, several structures before entering the lungs. Five of these structures are included in this list. atrioventricular node aorta semilunar valve left atrium pulmonary vein Purkyne tissue sinoatrial node pulmonary artery After arranging these five structures in the correct order of blood flow from the vena cava to the lungs, which structure will be third? A atrioventricular node B Purkyne tissue C semilunar valve D sinoatrial node

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

33 The maximum pressure in each of the four chambers of a healthy human heart was recorded during one cardiac cycle. The maximum pressures recorded were 3 mm Hg, 10 mm Hg, 25 mm Hg and 120 mm Hg. Which value was recorded for the right ventricle? A 3 mm Hg B 10 mm Hg C 25 mm Hg D 120 mm Hg

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

34 The graph shows the pressure changes in three structures of the right side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. pressure T 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s What is represented by the line labelled T? A pressure changes in the pulmonary artery B pressure changes in the right atrium C pressure changes in the right ventricle D pressure changes in the vena cava

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

31 What is systolic blood pressure? A the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing B the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the start of a contraction C the maximum blood pressure in the arteries D the maximum blood pressure in the right ventricle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2022

32 The diagram shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart and aorta over time. The length of this cardiac cycle is 0.6 s. Points 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate when atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves either open or close. 18 16 3 14 2 12 10 pressure / kPa key 8 left ventricle 6 aorta 4 4 left 1 atrium 2 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 time / s What is the total time during one cardiac cycle that the atrioventricular valves and the semilunar valves are both closed at the same time? A 0.03 s B 0.04 s C 0.07 s D 0.21 s

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2022

30 What occurs during ventricular systole in a mammalian heart? 1 Aortic pressure increases. 2 Atrial pressure does not change. 3 Ventricular pressure increases. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

32 The diagram shows the pressure changes in various structures of the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. At the end of which period is the ventricle full of blood? A B C D pressure key / kPa left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

32 The graph shows the changes in pressure that occur in the left side of the heart during one cardiac cycle. key pressure left ventricle aorta left atrium 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s What is the heart rate in beats per minute? A 75 B 80 C 120 D 150

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2022

33 Which events occur during ventricular systole? 1 Atrioventricular valves close. 2 Muscle in ventricle walls relaxes. 3 Semilunar valves open. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2022

33 What happens during ventricular systole in a mammalian heart? 1 The atrioventricular node transmits an electrical signal to the apex of the heart. 2 The pressure in the ventricles drops below the pressure in the atria. 3 The atrioventricular valves close and the semilunar valves open. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2022

34 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a heart defect that people can have from birth. People with VSD have a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the left and right ventricles. What could happen in a person with VSD? 1 Blood will leak through the hole, mostly from right to left. 2 The volume of blood circulating through the lungs will be higher than in a person without VSD. 3 Less oxygen will be delivered to the body tissues. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

35 Which statement about the structure of the heart is correct? A The semilunar valves close when the pressure in the ventricles falls lower than the pressure in the arteries. B A muscle called the septum separates the atria from the ventricles. C There is a small patch of tissue in the right atrium that acts to delay the electrical impulse. D Closure of valves in the veins prevents backflow of blood into the ventricles.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

32 Which blood vessels carry blood into the atria? 1 coronary artery 2 vena cava 3 pulmonary artery 4 pulmonary vein A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2022

33 Which statements about the cardiac cycle are correct? 1 The atrioventricular valves close during atrial systole. 2 The left and right ventricles contract together. 3 There is a time delay as the electrical impulse passes from the atrioventricular node to the sinoatrial node. 4 Electrical impulses pass along the Purkyne tissue to the ventricles. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 3 and 4 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2022

34 At one point in the cardiac cycle, the pressure in the right ventricle is lower than that in the right atrium and lower than that in the pulmonary artery. Which row is correct? atrioventricular semilunar valve valve A closed closed B closed open C open closed D open open

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2022

32 Heart surgery may cause a decrease in the transmission of impulses in the Purkyne tissue to the right side of the heart. What is a possible effect of this decrease? A Impulses would be delayed by the atrioventricular node. B The muscle of the right ventricle would contract slightly more slowly than the muscle of the left ventricle. C The muscle of the right atrium would not contract as fully as the muscle of the left atrium. D The sinoatrial node would transmit fewer impulses.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2023

32 Which sequence of letters correctly identifies the order of events during the cardiac cycle? T atrial walls contract U impulse is delayed by a fraction of a second V wave of excitation enters the atrioventricular node W wave of excitation passes down the Purkyne tissue X wave of excitation spreads from the sinoatrial node Y ventricles contract A B C D V X V X Y W T U T U Y V X U W V X W W T T Y Y U

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2023

33 The diagram gives information about blood pressure in the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. 3 pressure key 2 aorta / kPa atrium ventricle 1 4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 time / s Valves open and close at the points numbered. Which row identifies the valves opening or closing at the points numbered? atrioventricular semilunar atrioventricular semilunar valve opens valve opens valve closes valve closes A 1 3 4 2 B 2 4 3 1 C 3 1 2 4 D 4 2 1 3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2023

34 The diagrams show the valves in the heart when viewed in cross-section from above at different stages in the cardiac cycle. semilunar valve atrioventricular valve diagram 1 diagram 2 Which stages in the cardiac cycle are shown? diagram 1 diagram 2 A diastole ventricular systole B atrial systole diastole C ventricular systole diastole D diastole atrial systole

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2023

36 What happens during ventricular systole in a mammalian heart? A Aortic pressure increases. B Atrioventricular valves open. C Semilunar valves close. D Ventricular pressure decreases.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2023

29 The diagram shows an anterior view of a vertical section through the human heart. 1 4 2 3 Which row shows the correct labels for the diagram? 1 2 3 4 A aorta atrioventricular semilunar valve pulmonary artery valve B pulmonary vein semilunar valve atrioventricular pulmonary vein valve C pulmonary artery semilunar valve atrioventricular vena cava valve D pulmonary vein atrioventricular semilunar valve vena cava valve

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

33 The graph shows some blood pressure changes that occur in a human during one cardiac cycle. X pressure in aorta W pressure pressure in left ventricle T U V Y pressure in left atrium time When does systole start and end in the right atrium and in the right ventricle? in right atrium in right ventricle systole systole systole systole starts ends starts ends A T V V X B T U V Y C U V W X D V W W Y

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

32 One type of congenital heart defect is where the left and right atria are not completely separated. This is called an atrial septal defect (ASD). ASD usually results in blood moving from the left atrium into the right atrium. This causes increased blood pressure in the right atrium and decreased blood pressure in the left atrium. Which row describes other effects caused by ASD? % oxygenation blood pressure in blood pressure in of blood in pulmonary artery aorta pulmonary artery A decreased increased decreased B decreased increased increased C increased decreased decreased D increased decreased increased

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2024

26 The following tissues carry an electrical impulse during the cardiac cycle. 1 atrioventricular node 2 muscle wall of atria 3 Purkyne tissue 4 sinoatrial node In which order does the electrical impulse travel during the cardiac cycle? A 1  2  3  4 B 1  4  2  3 C 4  2  1  3 D 4  2  3  1

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

27 The graph shows changes in the volume of the ventricles during a single cardiac cycle. atrial ventricular diastole systole systole volume of ventricles P / arbitrary units R time Which row is correct for the atrioventricular valve at P and for the semilunar valve at R? atrioventricular semilunar valve at P valve at R A closes closes B closes opens C opens closes D opens opens

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

28 The diagram shows the internal structure of the mammalian heart. Which letter identifies the location of the atrioventricular node? A C B D

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2024

29 The diagram shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle. pressure key left ventricle / kPa aorta left atrium X 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 time / s What happens in the heart at X? A The atrioventricular valves close. B The atrioventricular valves open. C The semilunar valves close. D The semilunar valves open.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2024

29 The diagram shows pressure changes during two cardiac cycles. Which arrow indicates atrial systole? A 20 D pressure 10 / kPa B C 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 time / s

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2024

30 An irregular heartbeat may be the result of ineffective electrical stimulation of the atria. Which area of the heart could be damaged, causing this irregular heartbeat? A atrioventricular node B septum C Purkyne tissue D sinoatrial node

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2024

30 Some babies are born with a hole between the right and left atria. These babies are found to have an increased number of red blood cells. What is the reason for this increase in red blood cells in these babies? A Blood is pumped faster, which causes more blood to circulate in the heart. B More blood is needed in the heart because the pressure is lower. C Their haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen. D There is a lower oxygen concentration in the body of the newborn baby.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

32 ‘Heart block’ is a disease which can result in a lower than normal heart rate. A doctor treating a person with heart block found that electrical impulses were initiated as normal but were not correctly conducted to the ventricles, so the rate of ventricular contraction was slowed. Which parts may not be functioning correctly in the person with heart block? 1 atrioventricular node (AVN) 2 Purkyne tissue 3 sinoatrial node (SAN) A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

29 The diagram shows a section through the human heart. A D B C Which label is correct? A pulmonary artery B left ventricle C right atrium D aorta

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

30 The graph shows how the volume of the left ventricle changes during one cardiac cycle. Which point on the graph represents the start of atrial systole? D A 100 C ventricular volume / cm3 B 40 time

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

31 What happens in the heart at the start of ventricular diastole? A The semilunar valves open. B The atrioventricular valves open. C The pressure in the atria rises above the pressure in the ventricles. D The pressure in the left atrium rises more than the pressure in the right atrium.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

31 What happens as a result of the blood pressure in the left ventricle becoming higher than the blood pressure in the left atrium? A The left atrioventricular valve closes. B The left atrioventricular valve opens. C The semilunar valve in the aorta closes. D The semilunar valve in the aorta opens.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2025

33 Which statements about a mammalian heart are correct? 1 The right atrium and right ventricle contain deoxygenated blood going to the lungs. 2 The left atrium and left ventricle contain oxygenated blood going to the pulmonary circulation. 3 The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle and delivers blood at higher pressure. 4 The pressure of blood in the aorta is less than that in the pulmonary artery. A 1, 3 and 4 B 1 and 3 only C 2, 3 and 4 D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2025

30 Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a heart defect found in some newborn babies. ASD is an opening between the right and left atria. What are possible effects for babies born with ASD compared with babies born with no ASD? blood in blood in aorta pulmonary artery A less oxygen same level of oxygen B less oxygen more oxygen C more oxygen same level of oxygen D more oxygen more oxygen

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2025

32 What describes the function of the atrioventricular node of the heart? A It causes the muscles of the atria to contract. B It delays the transmission of a wave of electrical activity from the sinoatrial node. C It initiates a new wave of electrical activity in the ventricles. D It provides a non-conducting barrier between the atria and the ventricles.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2025

32 The graph shows changes in blood pressure during one cardiac cycle. 16 14 12 10 blood key pressure 8 aorta / kPa ventricle 6 atrium 4 2 0 0 X 0.75 time / s What is happening at time X? aortic semilunar atrium valve A closing emptying B closing filling C opening emptying D opening filling

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

31 The table shows the comparison of blood pressure in three main blood vessels during diastole. vessel 1 vessel 2 vessel 3 blood pressure in the low very high high vessel during diastole Which row identifies the three blood vessels? vessel 1 vessel 2 vessel 3 A pulmonary vein pulmonary artery aorta B vena cava aorta pulmonary vein C pulmonary vein aorta pulmonary artery D pulmonary artery pulmonary vein vena cava

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025

33 A person has a small hole in the septum between the ventricles. This is called a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The person has no other heart defects. What is the direction of the net flow of blood during ventricular systole in the heart of this person? A left ventricle to left atrium B right ventricle to right atrium C left ventricle to right ventricle D right ventricle to left ventricle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025