The circulatory system — Paper 1 · A Level Biology 9700

26 Which structures are found in both arteries and capillaries? A collagen fibres B elastic fibres C endothelial cells D smooth muscle cells

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2004

28 What does tissue fluid contain? protein concentration phagocytes platelets compared to blood plasma A V JV higher B x x higher Cc V x lower D x JV lower

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2006

33 The photomicrographs show an artery from a non-smoker and a smoker. non-smoker smoker What is the reason that the smoker’s artery looks like this? A A cancerous tumour has formed and is blocking the lumen. B Nicotine has damaged the artery endothelium causing a plaque. C Tar has stuck to the artery wall forming a blockage. D The artery has become constricted due to carbon monoxide.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2006

27 The table summarises some characteristics of arteries, veins and capillaries. characteristics arteries veins capillaries 1 blood pressure high low low 2 lumen wide narrow narrow 3 wall thick thin single cell Which lines in the table are correct? A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2006

32 Which component of tobacco smoke affects blood pressure? A carbon dioxide B carbon monoxide C nicotine D tar

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2008

34 How would health improve if a person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes? A goblet cells secrete more mucus, allowing a greater number of pathogens to be trapped B increased numbers of phagocytic macrophages arrive in the lungs C less atheroma build-up on the inner lining of arteries, increasing lumen diameter D less carboxyhaemoglobin produced, increasing oxygen transport by haemoglobin

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2008

33 Below are correct statements comparing blood, tissue fluid and lymph in a capillary bed. • W lacks large plasma proteins and red blood cells and has a higher water potential than Z. • X is at a lower pressure than Y and contains red blood cells and large plasma proteins. • Y is at a higher pressure than W and contains red blood cells and large plasma proteins. • Z is at a lower pressure than Y and lacks red blood cells. Which correctly identifies W, X, Y and Z? W X Y Z blood entering blood leaving A lymph tissue fluid capillary capillary blood leaving blood entering B lymph tissue fluid capillary capillary blood entering blood leaving C lymph tissue fluid capillary capillary blood leaving blood entering D tissue fluid lymph capillary capillary

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2009

29 What is systolic blood pressure? A the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing B the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the end of a contraction C the maximum blood pressure in the arteries D the maximum blood pressure in the right ventricle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2010

37 What is systolic blood pressure? A the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing B the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the end of a contraction C the maximum blood pressure in the arteries D the maximum blood pressure in the right ventricle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2010

16 What is systolic blood pressure? A the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing B the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the end of a contraction C the maximum blood pressure in the arteries D the maximum blood pressure in the right ventricle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2010

28 The mammalian circulatory system is described as a closed double circulation. The diagram shows the circulatory system in a different organism. The arrows show the direction of blood flow in the vessels. lung gill ventricle atrium How is the circulatory system in this organism described? A closed double B closed single C open double D open single

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

31 How does nicotine in cigarette smoke increase the risk of cardiac disease? A by binding with haemoglobin B by constricting blood vessels C by inhibiting nerve transmission D by stimulating the pacemaker

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2010

28 Which of the tissue types below are present in the walls of all blood vessels? 1 collagen 2 elastic 3 endothelial 4 smooth muscle A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 4 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2010

29 What is correct for tissue fluid? protein concentration phagocytes platelets compared to blood plasma A V V higher B x x higher res JV x lower D x J lower key J/ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2011

32 Which row correctly identifies the structure of an artery compared with a vein seen in transverse section under a light microscope? outer wall of layer of muscles diameter of the lumen artery and elastic fibres (hollow space) A thicker thicker narrower B thicker thinner wider C thinner thicker narrower D thinner thinner wider

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2011

27 Blood, tissue fluid and lymph each have a different composition. Which row shows the composition of lymph? contains contains contains water antibodies lipid A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v v key / = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2011

4 Which row correctly identifies the structure of an artery compared with a vein seen in transverse section under a light microscope? outer wall of layer of muscles diameter of the lumen artery and elastic fibres (hollow space) A thicker thicker narrower B thicker thinner wider C thinner thicker narrower D thinner thinner wider

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2011

7 What is correct for tissue fluid? protein concentration phagocytes platelets compared to blood plasma A V V higher B x x higher res JV x lower D x J lower key J/ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2011

25 The large arteries close to the heart have a thick elastic layer in their walls. Which statements about this layer are correct? 1 evens out the blood flow from the heart 2 reduces friction within these blood vessels 3 prevents too much pressure bursting the artery wall A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

27 Which components of blood are also present in lymph? white blood . sodium proteins : cells ions A Jv Jv Jv B Jv x J Cc x Jv Jv D x J x key /¥ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

31 What describes how smoking contributes to cardiovascular disease? 1 Both nicotine and carbon monoxide speed up the development of plaques in arteries. 2 Nicotine increases blood pressure and heart rate and so increases the body’s demand for oxygen. 3 Smoking interacts with other risk factors and increases the blood cholesterol level. 4 Tar is deposited in the lining of artery walls and increases the development of atherosclerosis. A 4 only B 2 and 4 only C 1, 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2011

13 What describes how smoking contributes to cardiovascular disease? 1 Both nicotine and carbon monoxide speed up the development of plaques in arteries. 2 Nicotine increases blood pressure and heart rate and so increases the body’s demand for oxygen. 3 Smoking interacts with other risk factors and increases the blood cholesterol level. 4 Tar is deposited in the lining of artery walls and increases the development of atherosclerosis. A 4 only B 2 and 4 only C 1, 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

34 The large arteries close to the heart have a thick elastic layer in their walls. Which statements about this layer are correct? 1 evens out the blood flow from the heart 2 reduces friction within these blood vessels 3 prevents too much pressure bursting the artery wall A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

37 Which components of blood are also present in lymph? white blood . sodium proteins : cells ions A Jv Jv Jv B Jv x J Cc x Jv Jv D x J x key /¥ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2011

29 Each set of graphs represents data for blood vessels in the sequence: art a c v vein artery arterioles capillaries venules veins Which set is correct? total cross-sectional area velocity wall thickness pressure A art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein B art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein C art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein D art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2012

32 The photomicrographs show transverse sections of arteries from a non-smoker and a smoker. non-smoker smoker From the evidence above, which disease is most likely to occur in the smoker? A cardiovascular disease B chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) C emphysema and chronic bronchitis D lung cancer

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2012

22 Which statements describe why a large animal has had to evolve a transport system? 1 diffusion occurs slowly over long distances 2 it has a high rate of gas exchange 3 it has a large surface area to volume ratio A 1 only B 3 only C 1 and 2 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2012

27 Which of the following are found in all blood vessels, lymph and tissue fluid? 1 carbon dioxide 2 glucose 3 white blood cells 4 antibodies A 2 and 4 only B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 3 and 4 only D 1, 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2012

31 Which component of tobacco smoke causes an increase in blood pressure? A carbon monoxide B carcinogens C nicotine D tar

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2012

36 Each set of graphs represents data for blood vessels in the sequence: art a c v vein artery arterioles capillaries venules veins Which set is correct? total cross-sectional area velocity wall thickness pressure A art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein B art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein C art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein D art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein art a c v vein

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2012

40 The photomicrographs show transverse sections of arteries from a non-smoker and a smoker. non-smoker smoker From the evidence above, which disease is most likely to occur in the smoker? A cardiovascular disease B chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) C emphysema and chronic bronchitis D lung cancer

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2012

28 The diagram shows the heart and some of its blood vessels. 2 3 4 1 Which combination of numbers correctly identifies the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart and carry blood from the heart? to the heart from the heart A 1 and 2 3 and 4 B 2 and 3 1 and 4 C 3 and 4 1 and 2 D 4 and 1 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2012

31 Normal venous pressure in the feet is 3.3 kPa. When a person stands very still venous blood pressure in the feet rises to 5.0 kPa. What causes the high pressure? A Muscles in the walls of the veins contract, reducing the diameter of the veins. B Skeletal muscles in the legs are not squeezing blood upward in the veins. C Systolic blood pressure increases. D The valves in the veins of the legs allow blood to flow to the feet.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2012

33 Which of the following can result in heart failure? 1 increase in blood pressure 2 deposits of fatty material in arteries and veins 3 reduced oxygen supply to cardiac muscle 4 increased risk of blood clotting A 3 and 4 only B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 2 and 4 only D 1, 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2012

27 Which row correctly shows all the blood vessels that have the features in the table below? collagen fibres squamous thick tunica media present in tunica endothelium present present externa (adventitia) A arteries and arteries and veins veins capillaries B arteries, capillaries arteries arteries and veins and veins C arteries and veins arteries and veins arteries D veins and capillaries veins veins

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2012

29 Which features enable the aorta to withstand ventricular systole? A collagen fibres and elastin fibres B collagen fibres and smooth muscle C elastin fibres and endothelium D endothelium and smooth muscle

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2013

34 Which statement about coronary by-pass surgery is correct? A It is carried out to reduce the effects of atherosclerosis, improving the delivery of oxygen and dissolved glucose to the cardiac muscle of the heart. B It is the surgical removal of one or more coronary arteries to reduce the strain on the heart of a person with coronary heart disease. C Surgeons are able to divert blood around the diseased sections of the coronary arteries so that more oxygenated blood can be pumped round the systemic circulation. D The diseased parts of the aorta are replaced by using a section of a main artery from elsewhere in the body of the same person, to avoid rejection.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2013

35 How does smoking increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis? A by damaging artery walls B by decreasing blood pressure C by increasing the risk of blood clotting D by reducing the oxygen supply to cardiac muscle

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2013

29 A number of different tissues occur in the walls of major blood vessels. Which row correctly identifies the main tissues found in the three layers of the wall of an artery? outer layer middle layer inner layer (tunica externa) (tunica media) (tunica intima) A collagen elastic endothelium B collagen muscle elastic C elastic collagen endothelium D elastic collagen muscle

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2013

32 Humans have a double circulation system. What does the term ‘double circulation’ mean? A The blood circulates separately in the two sides of the heart. B The blood passes twice through the heart during one complete circulation. C The heart has two of each chamber; atria and ventricles. D The heart beat has a double sound caused by the two sets of valves closing.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2013

27 The graph represents data on blood vessels and blood flow. key X Y Z arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins Which row correctly identifies the curves? velocity of pressure of total cross- blood flow blood sectional area A X Y Z B X Z Y C Y Z X D Z X Y

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2013

27 Which statement correctly identifies a similarity between blood plasma and tissue fluid? A Protein is found in equal concentration in both blood plasma and tissue fluid. B The blood plasma is under the same pressure as the tissue fluid. C The water potential of the blood plasma and tissue fluid are equal. D White blood cells are found in both blood plasma and tissue fluid.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2013

29 The pressure of blood entering capillaries is about seven times higher than that of blood leaving the capillaries. What correctly explains this observation? 1 Blood pressure decreases with distance from the heart. 2 Tissue fluid formation is due to a net loss of plasma from capillaries. 3 Veins have fewer elastic and muscle fibres in their walls than arteries. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2013

32 The photomicrographs show a TS of an artery from a non-smoker and a TS of an artery from a smoker. non-smoker smoker What is the reason for the appearance of smoker’s artery? A A cancerous tumour has formed and is blocking the lumen. B Nicotine has damaged the artery endothelium causing a plaque. C Tar has stuck to the artery wall forming a blockage. D The artery has become constricted due to carbon monoxide.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2013

29 Which features allow an artery to resist changes in the pressure of blood flowing through it? 1 smooth endothelium 2 thick elastic layer in the artery wall 3 thick layer of muscle in the artery wall A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2014

31 The photomicrograph shows a section through two structures found in mammals viewed using a light microscope. X W ×40 Which row is correct? W X feature A artery vein X contains cells with haemoglobinic acid B bronchiole vein X contains cells with oxyhaemoglobin C trachea artery the lumen of W allows air to pass through D vein atrium W contains deoxygenated blood

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2014

26 What is not a factor influencing blood pressure? A the diameter of the blood vessels B the number of red blood cells in circulation C the systolic pressure of the heart ventricles D the volume of blood returning to the heart each heart beat

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

27 Which of the following are found in blood and lymph and tissue fluid? 1 carbon dioxide 2 fatty acids 3 white blood cells 4 proteins A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 2 and 4 only D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

31 Which describes how substances in cigarette smoke increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis? 1 Carbon monoxide damages the endothelium of the arteries. 2 Nicotine makes platelets sticky. 3 Nicotine stimulates the release of adrenaline. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2014

32 Which of the following are found in blood and lymph and tissue fluid? 1 carbon dioxide 2 glucose 3 white blood cells 4 fatty acids A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 3 and 4 only D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2014

24 Which row is correct for the pulmonary vein? blood carried muscle in walls lumen size A deoxygenated thick small B deoxygenated thin large C oxygenated thick small D oxygenated thin large

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2014

29 Small arteries (arterioles) are found near tissues. One function of an arteriole is to increase or decrease the flow of blood to the tissues. Which tissues would be present in an arteriole wall to allow this function? 1 collagen 2 elastic 3 muscle A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

31 One type of congenital heart defect is called atrial septal defect (ASD) where the left and right atria are not completely separated. ASD usually results in blood moving from the left atrium into the right atrium. This will cause increased blood pressure in the right atrium and decreased blood pressure in the left atrium. Which row describes the other effects of ASD on blood pressure and oxygenation? blood pressure in blood pressure % oxygenation of blood pulmonary artery in aorta in pulmonary artery A decreased increased decreased B decreased increased increased C increased decreased decreased D increased decreased increased

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2014

26 What is correct for tissue fluid? protein concentration phagocytes platelets compared to blood plasma A V JV higher B x x higher Cc V x lower D x JV lower key /¥ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2014

30 The diagram shows a section through the heart and the associated blood vessels. What is correct for the flow of blood through the heart? 1 4 2 3 A 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 B 2 → 1 → 3 → 4 C 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 D 4 → 3 → 2 → 1

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2015

29 Which statements about arteries are correct? 1 Artery walls can resist high pressure. 2 Arteries pump blood out of the heart. 3 Blood in arteries has the same flow rate as in veins. 4 The pulse in arteries is the result of a surge in blood that causes expansion of the artery wall. 5 There are semilunar valves at the junction of arteries with the heart. A 1, 2, and 4 B 1, 3 and 5 C 1, 4 and 5 D 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

31 Which statements are correct? 1 Tissue fluid has less protein and no red blood cells compared to plasma. 2 Lymph may contain lipids, carbon dioxide and phagocytes. 3 Tissue fluid contains glucose, amino acids, urea and carbon dioxide. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

33 Which process leads to atherosclerosis? A a blood clot forming in a coronary artery B contraction of muscles in arteries caused by nicotine C formation of plaques in an artery wall D loss of elasticity in an artery wall causing it to burst

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2015

27 Which components of blood are found in tissue fluid? glucose proteins blood calls A v v v B v v x Cc v x v D x v v key /¥ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2015

28 What is present in the blood in human veins? 1 collagen 2 carbonic anhydrase 3 oxyhaemoglobin A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

30 Which statement about the pulmonary artery is correct? A it contains a series of valves B it contains blood at high pressure C it contains blood moving towards the heart D it contains oxygenated blood

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2015

33 Some of the effects of smoking are listed. 1 It causes coughing. 2 It increases blood pressure. 3 It decreases the transport of oxygen. 4 It increases the risk of cancer. 5 It prevents cilia from moving. Which components of tobacco smoke cause these effects? carbon tar nicotine monoxide A 1, 3 and 4 2 4 and 5 B 1, 4 and 5 3 2 C 1 and 5 3 and 5 4 D 3 and 4 1, 2 and 5 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2016

28 The diagram is an external view of the mammalian heart and the associated blood vessels. P Q R S Which statement about the blood vessels associated with a normal, healthy heart is correct? A P and Q carry blood with more oxyhaemoglobin than haemoglobin. B P and R carry blood that is saturated with oxygen. C S and P carry blood with a low oxygen concentration. D S and R carry blood with more haemoglobin than oxyhaemoglobin.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2016

27 Which of the tissue types below are present in the walls of all blood vessels? 1 collagen 2 elastic 3 endothelial 4 smooth muscle A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 4 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2016

28 Which components of blood are present in tissue fluid? phagocytes proteins sodium ions A v v v B v x x Cc x v v D x v x key J/ = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2016

29 Which components of blood are present in lymph? white blood . sodium proteins : cells ions A Jv Jv Jv B Jv x J Cc x Jv Jv D x J x key / = present X = absent

1 marks

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2016

27 The following are all structural components of blood vessels. 1 collagen fibres 2 elastic fibres 3 endothelial cells 4 smooth muscle cells Which row shows the components in an artery and a vein? artery vein A 1, 2 and 4 1, 3 and 4 B 2, 3 and 4 1, 3 and 4 C 1, 2, 3 and 4 1, 2, 3 and 4 D 1, 2, 3 and 4 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

29 Which row could be correct for the average blood pressure in different parts of the human circulatory system? blood pressure right artery in vein in capillary atrium arm arm in arm key A + ++++ ++ +++ ++++ highest average blood pressure B ++ ++++ +++ + +++ C +++ ++ ++++ + ++ D ++++ +++ + ++ + lowest average blood pressure

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2016

34 As blood flows from an artery to a vein, the thickness of the walls of the vessels changes. Which bar chart shows these changes correctly? A B thickness thickness of wall of wall art a c v vn art a c v vn C D thickness thickness of wall of wall art a c v vn art a c v vn key art = artery a = arteriole (small artery) c = capillary v = venule (small vein) vn = vein

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2017

34 Which features enable the aorta to withstand ventricular systole? A collagen fibres and elastin fibres B collagen fibres and smooth muscle C elastin fibres and endothelium D endothelium and smooth muscle

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2017

35 Which row is correct for the pulmonary artery? blood carried muscle in walls lumen size A deoxygenated thick small B deoxygenated thin large C oxygenated thick small D oxygenated thin large

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2017

29 Which comparisons of blood, tissue fluid and lymph are correct? 1 Blood has a higher concentration of proteins than tissue fluid because the larger proteins are too big to pass through the endothelial pores into tissue fluid. 2 Lymph has a higher concentration of lymphocytes than tissue fluid as a high number of lymphocytes are located in lymph nodes. 3 Macrophages are too large to leave the blood to enter tissue fluid whereas neutrophils, which are much smaller, can enter tissue fluid and pass into lymph. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2017

30 A number of different tissues occur in the walls of major blood vessels. Which row correctly identifies the main tissues found in the three layers of the wall of an artery? outer layer middle layer inner layer (tunica externa) (tunica media) (tunica intima) A collagen elastic endothelium B collagen muscle elastic C elastic collagen endothelium D muscle collagen elastic

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2017

27 As blood flows from an artery to a vein, the blood pressure in the vessels changes. The four graphs represent data for blood vessels in the sequence shown. key artery arteriole capillaries venule veins (small artery) (small vein) art a c v vein Which graph shows these changes correctly? A B blood blood pressure pressure art a c v vein art a c v vein C D blood blood pressure pressure art a c v vein art a c v vein

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2017

29 When a doctor or nurse takes a blood sample from a person they use a needle to penetrate a vein, not an artery. Which reasons explain why veins are used? 1 Arteries carry blood under more pressure than veins. 2 Arteries have a thicker middle layer than veins. 3 Veins carry deoxygenated blood. 4 Veins have a larger lumen than arteries. A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 2 and 4 only D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2017

31 Which statement about the human circulatory system is correct? A Blood passes twice through the heart in one complete circulation. B Blood, tissue fluid and lymph are all parts of the circulatory system. C Capillaries have the lowest blood pressure. D Veins in the circulatory system all carry deoxygenated blood.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2017

29 Mass flow is the bulk movement of materials from one place to another. Which vessels carry fluids by mass flow? 1 artery 2 phloem sieve tube 3 vein 4 xylem vessel A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2017

33 Which factors would help a person to adjust from living at a low altitude to living at a high altitude? 1 formation of fewer red blood cells 2 an increase in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood 3 an increase in the output of blood by the heart A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2018

27 The photomicrograph shows a human blood smear. 1 2 3 Which row identifies the labelled cells? 1 2 3 A lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil B lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte C monocyte lymphocyte neutrophil D monocyte neutrophil lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2018

30 Which statement correctly compares blood plasma and tissue fluid in a healthy person? A Blood plasma contains more protein than tissue fluid. B Both blood plasma and tissue fluid contain red blood cells. C Tissue fluid contains white blood cells whereas blood plasma does not. D Tissue fluid is formed from blood plasma and is not returned to blood plasma.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2018

30 Which blood vessel has the thickest walls? A D B C

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2018

31 Which statement about the role in the mammalian circulatory system of the heart, blood vessels and blood is correct? A The contraction of heart muscle causes blood to enter arteries that pump the blood to organs, causing the formation of tissue fluid between cells before returning to the heart in veins. B The heart connects two sets of blood vessels so that oxygen from the lungs can be distributed by red blood cells and wastes can be collected from tissues by blood plasma for removal. C The heart muscle contracts and relaxes causing blood, carrying materials from one part of the body to another, to move through blood vessels that connect the different parts of the body. D The heart provides enough pressure to push blood through arteries to capillaries between cells causing filtration of blood and the formation of tissue fluid which diffuses back into veins.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2018

34 What helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus? A the flow of blood through the lungs B the presence of haemoglobin in blood cells C the single-celled alveolar walls D the squamous epithelium of capillaries

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2018

30 Blood, tissue fluid and lymph each have a different composition. Which row shows the composition of lymph? water antibodies lipid v v v v v x v x v x v v key / = present X = absent

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2018

29 What is found in all blood vessels, lymph and tissue fluid? 1 carbon dioxide 2 glucose 3 white blood cells 4 antibodies A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 3 and 4 only D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2018

28 The photomicrograph shows a section through a structure found in mammals viewed using a light microscope. W ×60 What are the main components of layer W? A collagen fibres only B elastic fibres and collagen fibres C smooth muscle and elastic fibres D squamous epithelial cells forming an endothelium

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

29 Which row correctly identifies the locations in which a type of molecule or cell can be present? type of molecule or cell blood lymph tsue A antigens v x x key B glucose v x Jv Y= can be present Cc lymphocyte x v Jv X = cannot be present D neutrophil Jv Jv v

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2019

30 The diagram shows a transverse section through an artery. X Which statement describes the tissues present in layer X? A collagen and smooth muscle only B elastic fibres and collagen only C elastic fibres and smooth muscle only D elastic fibres, collagen and smooth muscle

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2019

31 The large arteries close to the heart have a thick elastic layer in their walls. Which statements about this layer are correct? 1 helps to maintain the blood pressure in arteries 2 reduces friction within the arteries 3 prevents too much pressure bursting the artery wall A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2019

34 The diagram shows some of the effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke. 2 3 1 carbon nicotine monoxide Which row is correct? 1 2 3 A increase in heart rate short-term effect on combines more readily with cardiovascular system haemoglobin than oxygen B increases diameter can cause combines irreversibly of small arteries chronic bronchitis with haemoglobin C reduces the oxygen short-term effect on reduces the blood carrying capacity of blood gas exchange system supply to hands and feet D stimulates goblet cells highly addictive increases risk to secrete more mucus of blood clotting

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2019

32 The table shows some information about three blood vessels, P, Q and R, from a mammal. wall percentage composition of wall diameter thickness / mm muscle collagen elastin / mm P 25 2 22 33 40 Q 20 1 25 40 25 R 4 1 35 25 30 Which row identifies blood vessels P, Q and R? P Q R A artery vein artery B artery vein capillary C vein artery capillary D vein artery vein

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2019

33 Which row correctly identifies the locations in which a type of molecule or cell is present? type of molecule or cell blood lymph tsue antigen v v v glucose v x v lymphocyte x v Xx neutrophil x v Jv key v¥ = is present X = is not present

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2019

31 Which plan diagram represents the tissues in a major vein? A B C D

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2019

27 Which are present in the walls of arteries? endothelium smoomn elastic tissue co fagen A J J J J B Jv Jv Jv x Cc J x J J D x Jv x Jv key v¥ = present X = not present

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

29 Which row correctly identifies the molecules or cells that are present in the different locations? type of molecule or cell blood lymph tissue fluid A antibodies x Jv J key B large plasma proteins Jv x J J/ = present Cc lymphocytes v v x X = not present D phagocytes v v v

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2019

28 The photomicrograph shows three white blood cells labelled X, Y and Z. Y Z X Which row correctly identifies these cells? cell X cell Y cell Z A lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil B lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte C monocyte neutrophil lymphocyte D neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

29 Which row correctly identifies the locations in which a type of molecule or cell is present? type of molecule or cell blood lymph tsue antibody v v v key large plasma protein Jv x J v = present lymphocyte v v Xx X =not present phagocyte x v Jv

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

31 What would change the ratio of red blood cells to white blood cells in the blood of a healthy human? 1 development of leukaemia 2 infection with Variola 3 living for six months at high altitude A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2020

28 The photomicrograph shows three white blood cells labelled X, Y and Z. Z Y X Which row correctly identifies these cells? cell X cell Y cell Z A lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil B lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte C monocyte neutrophil lymphocyte D neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2020

29 The graph represents data on blood vessels and blood flow. key X Y Z arteries small capillaries small veins arteries veins Which row correctly identifies the curves? speed of pressure of total cross- blood flow blood sectional area A X Y Z B X Z Y C Y Z X D Z X Y

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2020

30 Which components of blood are present in lymph? white blood . sodium proteins : cells ions A Jv J Jv key B v x v /¥ = present Cc x v Jv X = not present D x v x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2020

28 Which statements about blood vessels are correct? 1 Collagen fibres in the walls of arteries and veins prevent overstretching. 2 Elastic fibres in large arteries allow stretching during ventricular systole. 3 Smooth muscle in arteries controls the distribution of blood to different parts of the body. 4 Veins have valves because their walls are thin. A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 2 and 4 only D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2020

29 The photomicrograph shows three white blood cells labelled X, Y and Z. X Z Y Which row correctly identifies these cells? cell X cell Y cell Z A lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte B lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil C monocyte lymphocyte neutrophil D neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2020

32 A person has two blood tests one month apart. The number of each type of cell in a fixed sample size is counted. type of cell first test after one month red blood cells normal higher lymphocytes normal higher What could this suggest about the person based on the results after one month? body temperature moved to higher ATP synthesis higher altitude in cells is higher A no no yes B no yes no C yes no no D yes yes yes

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2020

28 Which are present in the walls of capillaries? 0 0O WwW D> endothelium ~ «QOS smooth muscle \ \ x elastic tissue \ « & x collagen fibres x \ \ x key / = present X = not present

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2020

29 The photomicrograph shows three white blood cells labelled X, Y and Z. Y X Z Which row correctly identifies these cells? cell X cell Y cell Z A lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil B lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte C monocyte neutrophil lymphocyte D neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2020

28 Which are present in the walls of veins? endothelium smoomn elastic tissue co fagen A Jv x Jv Jv B x Jv x JV Cc Jv Jv Jv x D Jv Jv Jv Jv key / = present X = not present

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

29 Which row is correct for the location of a type of molecule or cell? type of molecule or cell blood lymph ou A antibodies Xx v v B plasma proteins Jv x x Cc lymphocytes v v v D phagocytes v x v key / = present X = not present

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2020

30 The diagram shows a capillary, some tissue cells and a lymph vessel. 2 capillary 1 3 tissue cells 4 lymph vessel Which row correctly identifies arrows 1, 2, 3 and 4? 1 2 3 4 A diffusion of glucose flow of water and diffusion of flow of tissue fluid small solutes carbon dioxide B diffusion of glucose flow of water and osmosis of water diffusion of oxygen plasma proteins C diffusion of oxygen flow of water and diffusion of flow of tissue fluid small solutes carbon dioxide D diffusion of oxygen flow of water and osmosis of water diffusion of plasma proteins carbon dioxide

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2021

29 Which row correctly identifies components of both lymph and tissue fluid? ~ «QOS x v x antibodies red white blood cells ions blood cells J Jv J v x v key ¥ = component present X = component not present

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2021

30 Which row is correct for the mean blood pressure in different parts of the human circulatory system? mean blood pressure right artery in vein in capillary atrium arm arm in arm key A + ++++ ++ +++ ++++ highest mean blood pressure B ++ ++++ +++ + +++ C +++ ++ ++++ + ++ D ++++ +++ + ++ + lowest mean blood pressure

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2021

29 Which components are found in arteries? collagen A C B smooth endothelium D muscle

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2021

31 Which row correctly identifies the pulmonary artery? thickness of blood oxygen content of blood vessel wall / mm blood inside vessel pressure / mmHg A 1.30 deoxygenated 15–30 B 2.10 oxygenated 80–120 C 0.15 oxygenated 5–15 D 0.20 deoxygenated 3–8

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2021

32 What is found in all blood vessels, lymph and tissue fluid? 1 carbon dioxide 2 glucose 3 white blood cells 4 antibodies A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 3 and 4 only D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2021

29 The diagram shows part of the circulatory system in a mammal. 1 2 3 4 direction of direction of blood flow vena cava vena cava vena cava blood flow aorta Where is the blood pressure and the speed of flow the lowest? lowest blood lowest speed pressure of flow A 1 4 B 2 3 C 3 2 D 4 1

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2021

34 What are short-term effects of nicotine on the cardiovascular system? 1 constriction of small arteries 2 increase in heart rate 3 increase in blood pressure A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2021

30 Which statements are correct? 1 Compared with blood, tissue fluid has less protein and no red blood cells. 2 Lymph may contain lipids, carbon dioxide and phagocytes. 3 Tissue fluid contains glucose, amino acids, urea and carbon dioxide. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2021

29 Which tissue types are present in the walls of all blood vessels? 1 collagen 2 elastic 3 endothelial 4 smooth muscle A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 4 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

30 The photomicrograph shows three white blood cells labelled X, Y and Z. X Y Z Which row correctly identifies these cells? cell X cell Y cell Z A lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil B lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte C monocyte neutrophil lymphocyte D neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2021

31 Blood entering the heart from the vena cava passes through, or past, several structures before entering the lungs. Five of these structures are included in this list. atrioventricular node aorta semilunar valve left atrium pulmonary vein Purkyne tissue sinoatrial node pulmonary artery After arranging these five structures in the correct order of blood flow from the vena cava to the lungs, which structure will be third? A atrioventricular node B Purkyne tissue C semilunar valve D sinoatrial node

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

32 The bar charts show the quantity of endothelial tissue, elastic tissue and muscle tissue in the walls of three blood vessels, P, Q and R. key endothelial tissue elastic tissue muscle tissue P Q R quantity quantity quantity tissue tissue tissue Which row correctly identifies the three blood vessels? P Q R A elastic artery muscular artery vein B vein elastic artery muscular artery C muscular artery elastic artery vein D elastic artery vein muscular artery

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2022

30 The diagram shows a transverse section through an artery. X Which tissues are present in layer X? A collagen and smooth muscle only B elastic fibres and collagen only C elastic fibres and smooth muscle only D elastic fibres, collagen and smooth muscle

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2022

31 Which plan diagram represents the tissues in a major vein? A B C D

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

33 Which description of movement of substances during tissue fluid formation is correct? A Low hydrostatic pressure forces substances out of the capillary at the arterial end allowing small substances to enter the fluid that bathes the cells. B Tissue fluid moves back into the venule due to a net hydrostatic pressure change in the capillary. C Movement of water in tissue fluid into the capillary by osmosis is due to the low water potential and low hydrostatic pressure inside the capillary. D A high water potential of the surrounding tissue fluid causes substances to leave the capillaries at the arterial end.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2022

30 The photomicrograph shows a section through a structure found in mammals viewed using a light microscope. W ×60 What are the main components of layer W? A collagen fibres only B elastic fibres and collagen fibres C smooth muscle and elastic fibres D squamous epithelial cells forming an endothelium

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2022

31 Which statement correctly links muscular or elastic arteries to their function? A The aorta is an example of a muscular artery as it transports blood from the left ventricle of the heart. B Arteries further away from the heart are muscular arteries as they transport blood at high pressure. C Elastic arteries expand when the heart contracts and then recoil as the heart relaxes to maintain pressure. D Muscular arteries facilitate smoother blood flow than elastic arteries as their walls expand and recoil.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2022

32 Which statements about arteries are correct? 1 Artery walls can resist high pressure. 2 Arteries pump blood out of the heart. 3 Blood in arteries has the same flow rate as in veins. 4 The pulse in arteries is the result of a surge in blood that causes expansion of the artery wall. 5 There are semilunar valves at the junction of arteries with the heart. A 1, 2 and 4 B 1, 3 and 5 C 1, 4 and 5 D 2, 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2022

34 A shortage of protein in the diet of children can lead to a disease that causes excess tissue fluid to build up in the abdomen. What explains why a build-up of excess tissue fluid can occur in this disease? A A shortage of plasma proteins decreases blood water potential; less tissue fluid returns to the blood. B A shortage of plasma proteins increases blood water potential; less tissue fluid returns to the blood. C A shortage of protein in the diet causes weak cardiac muscle, reducing hydrostatic pressure. D A shortage of protein in the tissue fluid decreases its water potential; more water leaves the blood.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2022

32 The photomicrograph shows a blood smear. Which cell is a monocyte? B A C D

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

33 The table shows some information about three blood vessels, P, Q and R, from a mammal. wall percentage composition of wall diameter thickness / mm elastic / mm muscle collagen tissue P 25 2 22 33 40 Q 20 1 25 40 25 R 4 1 35 25 30 Which row identifies blood vessels P, Q and R? P Q R A artery vein artery B artery vein capillary C vein artery capillary D vein artery vein

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2022

37 Oedema is caused by the accumulation of tissue fluid around body cells. What would increase the amount of tissue fluid around body cells? A lower blood pressure than normal B lower blood plasma protein concentration than normal C higher blood plasma protein concentration than normal D lower tissue fluid protein concentration than normal

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2022

27 Mass flow is the bulk movement of materials from one place to another. How many of the vessels listed carry fluids by mass flow? ● artery ● phloem sieve tube ● vein ● xylem vessel A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2023

31 The photomicrograph shows a section through a tissue with an artery. Which row correctly shows the type of artery and whether the blood inside the artery is oxygenated or deoxygenated? type of artery blood A muscular deoxygenated B muscular oxygenated C elastic deoxygenated D elastic oxygenated

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2023

33 The diagram shows a network of blood vessels that supply blood to muscle tissue in the human body. X Y artery vein What is a correct comparison between the blood at X and the blood at Y when the muscle tissue is at rest? water potential of blood pressure blood at X compared at X compared with with water potential blood pressure at Y of blood at Y A equal higher B equal lower C higher higher D higher lower

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2023

28 The photomicrograph shows blood cells as seen using a high-power light microscope. 1 3 2 Which row correctly identifies the different types of white blood cell? 1 2 3 A lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil B monocyte neutrophil macrophage C neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte D phagocyte lymphocyte monocyte

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2023

29 Plan diagrams of two blood vessels are shown. fatty tissue 3 4 5 1 2 Which labels are correct? 1 2 3 4 5 A aorta vena cava elastic smooth epithelium fibres muscle B artery vein collagen smooth endothelium fibres muscle and elastic tissue C vein artery collagen elastic squamous fibres fibres cells D coronary coronary elastic smooth epithelium artery vein fibres muscle and elastic tissue

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2023

30 What are found in blood and tissue fluid? 1 carbon dioxide 2 fatty acids 3 white blood cells 4 proteins A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1, 2 and 4 only D 3 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2023

32 Which properties of water are essential for its role in the transport of blood in mammals? high latent heat solvent for polar of vaporisation substances A v x key B x v ¥ = essential Cc v v X = not essential D x x

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2023

34 The photomicrograph shows two blood vessels P and Q. Both these blood vessels are part of a network which transports blood around the body. Q Q P Which row is correct for blood vessel P and blood vessel Q? blood vessel P blood vessel Q A carries blood into arterioles carries blood into arterioles B carries blood into arterioles carries blood from venules C carries blood from venules carries blood into arterioles D carries blood from venules carries blood from venules

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2023

35 The diagram shows a blood capillary and the tissue fluid which surrounds it. tissue fluid W X arteriole venule Z blood capillary Y end end tissue fluid Tissue fluid is formed when fluid and solutes from blood plasma pass through tiny gaps in the capillary wall. Most tissue fluid is then returned to the blood in the capillary. Which pressures will be needed at points W, X, Y and Z so that this system can function? pressure at W pressure at X pressure at Y pressure at Z / mm Hg / mm Hg / mm Hg / mm Hg A 18 26 36 26 B 26 26 18 36 C 26 36 26 18 D 36 18 26 26

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2023

30 What does the inner layer of veins and capillaries contain? A collagen fibres B elastic fibres C endothelium D smooth muscle

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

31 The graph shows the changes in blood pressure and water potential across a blood capillary from the arterial end of the capillary to the venous end of the capillary. water potential of plasma blood water pressure potential blood pressure arterial venous end end distance What could result in an accumulation of excess tissue fluid? A an increase in concentration of large proteins in the blood plasma B an increase in blood pressure C a decrease in the concentration of small proteins in tissue fluid D a decrease in blood pressure

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2023

30 When a blood vessel is damaged it can result in problems in the body. Which row identifies the blood vessel that could have been damaged? blood is not blood surges mean blood is not being returning to the that relatively constant distributed to heart and is blood pressure is not organs that need it collecting in organs maintained A elastic artery muscular artery vein B elastic artery vein muscular artery C muscular artery elastic artery vein D muscular artery vein elastic artery

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

31 The diagram shows how tissue fluid is formed. key blood pressure arteriole water potential venous end end direction of blood flow +4.3 kPa –3.3 kPa +1.6 kPa –3.3 kPa +1.1 kPa –1.3 kPa +1.1 kPa –1.3 kPa net flow out net flow into of capillary capillary What is the net pressure causing tissue fluid to flow out of the capillary at the arteriole end? A –1.5 kPa B +1.0 kPa C +1.2 kPa D +5.2 kPa

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2023

32 One type of congenital heart defect is where the left and right atria are not completely separated. This is called an atrial septal defect (ASD). ASD usually results in blood moving from the left atrium into the right atrium. This causes increased blood pressure in the right atrium and decreased blood pressure in the left atrium. Which row describes other effects caused by ASD? % oxygenation blood pressure in blood pressure in of blood in pulmonary artery aorta pulmonary artery A decreased increased decreased B decreased increased increased C increased decreased decreased D increased decreased increased

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2024

33 Which property of water, related to its role in blood and tissue fluid, is correctly described? A Water is a solvent for all biological molecules. B Water is a solvent for most non-polar molecules. C Water requires little energy to increase its temperature because it has a high specific heat capacity. D Water cools down slowly because it has a high specific heat capacity.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2024

34 Which statement about tissue fluid formation is correct? A The hydrostatic pressure of blood decreases from the arteriole end to the venule end of a capillary. B The water potential is always higher in the blood in the capillaries than in the tissue fluid in the surrounding tissues. C No cells move out of the blood in the capillaries into the tissue fluid. D Most tissue fluid formation occurs at the venule end of a capillary.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 Feb/March 2024

33 Steep concentration gradients must be maintained for efficient gaseous exchange to occur in the human lungs. Which row correctly describes how steep concentration gradients can be maintained? elastic fibres in the walls of the alveoli recoil when breathing out continual supply of deoxygenated blood by the pulmonary artery 0 0O WwW D> v x v x v v x x key ¥ = helps maintain X = does not help maintain

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 May/June 2024

30 Which components of blood are present in tissue fluid? phagocytes some proteins sodium ions A Jv J J B v x x Cc x J J D x Jv x key / = present X = not present

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2024

33 The pumping action of the heart creates hydrostatic pressure in the blood. The table shows the hydrostatic pressure in a blood capillary. arteriole end of venule end of capillary / KPa capillary / KPa hydrostatic pressure in blood 4.2 1.7 About 90% of the tissue fluid which surrounds a capillary is returned to the blood at the venule end. How is this achieved? A The capillary wall is more permeable at the arteriole end than the venule end. B The hydrostatic pressure in tissue fluid is higher than in blood. C There is a higher concentration of dissolved solutes in tissue fluid than in blood. D There is osmotic movement of water from the tissue fluid into the blood.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2024

32 Which row is correct for an artery? inner layer middle layer outer layer A smooth layer of collagen, elastic fibres collagen only endodermis cells and smooth muscle B smooth layer of elastic fibres and collagen and endodermis cells smooth muscle only elastic fibres C smooth layer of collagen, elastic fibres collagen and squamous cells and smooth muscle elastic fibres D smooth layer of elastic fibres and collagen only squamous cells smooth muscle only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/12 Oct/Nov 2024

32 The electron micrograph shows a longitudinal section through a blood vessel. blood vessel Which type of blood vessel is shown? A arteriole B capillary C vein D venule

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

33 A student drew a sketch to show the formation of tissue fluid. Which label is correct? A D blood enters higher volume capillary and capillary of blood pressure increases returns to vein tissues B C red blood cells higher water potential in and water move tissue fluid so water moves into tissues back into the capillary

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2024

33 Which statements about a mammalian heart are correct? 1 The right atrium and right ventricle contain deoxygenated blood going to the lungs. 2 The left atrium and left ventricle contain oxygenated blood going to the pulmonary circulation. 3 The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle and delivers blood at higher pressure. 4 The pressure of blood in the aorta is less than that in the pulmonary artery. A 1, 3 and 4 B 1 and 3 only C 2, 3 and 4 D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/12 May/June 2025

30 Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a heart defect found in some newborn babies. ASD is an opening between the right and left atria. What are possible effects for babies born with ASD compared with babies born with no ASD? blood in blood in aorta pulmonary artery A less oxygen same level of oxygen B less oxygen more oxygen C more oxygen same level of oxygen D more oxygen more oxygen

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2025

31 Which statement is correct? A The contraction of heart muscle causes blood to enter arteries that pump the blood to organs, causing the formation of tissue fluid between cells before returning to the heart in veins. B The heart connects two types of blood vessels so that oxygen from the lungs can be distributed by red blood cells and wastes can be collected from tissues directly into blood plasma for removal. C The heart muscle contracts and relaxes which causes molecules such as carbon dioxide and antibodies to be transported in blood plasma through blood vessels that connect different parts of the body. D The heart provides enough pressure to push blood through arteries to capillaries between cells, causing filtration of blood and the formation of tissue fluid which diffuses back into veins.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 May/June 2025

29 Mass flow is the bulk movement of materials from one place to another. Which vessels carry fluids by mass flow? 1 artery 2 phloem sieve tube element 3 vein 4 xylem vessel element A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1, 2 and 3 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 4 only

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/14 May/June 2025

31 Which two terms describe the mammalian circulatory system? A open and double circulation B closed and double circulation C closed and single circulation D open and single circulation

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/14 May/June 2025

32 One function of an arteriole is to increase or decrease the flow of blood to tissues. Which of these must be present in an arteriole wall to allow this function? 1 collagen 2 endothelium 3 smooth muscle A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 2 only D 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9700/14 May/June 2025

33 The table shows the blood pressures in different parts of the circulatory system of a person sitting at rest. parts of the blood pressure circulatory system / kPa aorta 16.0 arteriole 11.3 arterial end of capillary 4.7 venous end of capillary 1.3 vein 0.6 What is the percentage decrease in blood pressure between the arteriole and the arterial end of a capillary? A 42% B 58% C 142% D 240%

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/14 May/June 2025

30 Which statement correctly compares blood plasma and tissue fluid in a healthy person? A Blood plasma contains more protein than tissue fluid. B Both blood plasma and tissue fluid contain red blood cells. C Tissue fluid contains white blood cells whereas blood plasma does not contain lymphocytes. D Tissue fluid is formed from blood plasma and is not returned to blood plasma.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

33 How many times must a carbon dioxide molecule pass through a cell surface membrane to travel from the tissue fluid into the blood plasma? (Assume there are no pores between the cells the carbon dioxide molecule must pass through.) A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9700/11 Oct/Nov 2025

31 The table shows the comparison of blood pressure in three main blood vessels during diastole. vessel 1 vessel 2 vessel 3 blood pressure in the low very high high vessel during diastole Which row identifies the three blood vessels? vessel 1 vessel 2 vessel 3 A pulmonary vein pulmonary artery aorta B vena cava aorta pulmonary vein C pulmonary vein aorta pulmonary artery D pulmonary artery pulmonary vein vena cava

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025

35 What helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus? A the flow of blood through the lungs B the presence of haemoglobin in blood cells C the single-celled alveolar walls D the squamous epithelium of capillaries

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9700/13 Oct/Nov 2025