TopicalScience - Combined 0653Chemical reactionsRedoxPaper 1

Redox — Paper 1 · IGCSE Science - Combined 0653

C6.3· 85 questions · 85 marks · 102 min · 2006–2025· Multiple choice

Every Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined Paper 1 question on redox, laid out as 20 A4 pages with the mark scheme below. Nothing is left out. Free to read, no account.

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Questions20 pages

Question 1: Hydrogen is passed over heated copper(II) oxide as shown. copper(II) oxide hydrogen drops of liquid heat The copper(II) oxide is reduced. W…Question 2: Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? A combustion B electrolysis C reduction D thermal decompositionQuestion 3: Which substance is reduced during the following reaction? A B C D lead(II) oxide + hydrogen → lead + waterQuestion 4: An oxide of lead is changed to lead by heating it with carbon. Pb xO y + 2C                            3Pb + 2CO2 What is the formula of th…1 / 20
Question 5: Copper(II) oxide is mixed with solid Q. On heating the mixture, a reaction occurs and the limewater turns cloudy. copper(II) oxide and soli…Question 6: When a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is ignited, an explosive reaction occurs and water is
formed.

Which terms describe this reaction?

c…Question 7: Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? A combustion B electrolysis C reduction D thermal decompositionQuestion 8: What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? A oxidation and combustion B oxidation and thermal decomposition C reduction and…2 / 20
Question 9: Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? A combustion B electrolysis C reduction D thermal decompositionQuestion 10: What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? A oxidation and combustion B oxidation and thermal decomposition C reduction and…Question 11: Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? A combustion B electrolysis C reduction D thermal decompositionQuestion 12: What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? A oxidation and combustion B oxidation and thermal decomposition C reduction and…Question 13: Aluminium occurs as aluminium oxide in the ore bauxite.

Which terms apply to the extraction of aluminium from aluminium oxide?

electrolys…3 / 20
Question 14: Aluminium occurs as aluminium oxide in the ore bauxite.

Which terms apply to the extraction of aluminium from aluminium oxide?

electrolys…Question 15: Ethene burns as shown. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) What happens to ethene in this reaction? A decomposition B neutralisation C oxi…Question 16: Ethene burns as shown. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) What happens to ethene in this reaction? A decomposition B neutralisation C oxi…Question 17: Ethene burns as shown. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) What happens to ethene in this reaction? A decomposition B neutralisation C oxi…Question 18: The equations show some chemical reactions. 1 copper + oxygen → copper oxide 2 copper carbonate → copper oxide + carbon dioxide 3 copper ox…4 / 20
Question 19: Copper(II) oxide is mixed with a solid Q. On heating the mixture, a reaction occurs and the limewater turns milky. copper(II) oxide and sol…Question 20: Copper(II) oxide reacts as shown. CuO  +  H2  →  Cu  +  H2O Which statement about the reaction is correct? A Both oxidation and reduction t…Question 21: Copper(II) oxide reacts as shown. CuO  +  H2  →  Cu  +  H2O Which statement about the reaction is correct? A Both oxidation and reduction t…Question 22: Which equation shows the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? A C2H4  +  2O2 →  2CO  +  2H2O B C2H4  +  3O2 →  2CO2  +  2H2O C C2H6O  +  2…5 / 20
Question 23: Which method is used to extract copper from copper(II) oxide? A dissolving copper(II) oxide with hydrochloric acid and then filtering B dis…Question 24: The equation shows the reaction of copper oxide with carbon. 2CuO  +  C  →  2Cu  +  CO2 In the reaction, the carbon is the ……1…… agent and …Question 25: Metal X reacts rapidly with cold water. Metal Y does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid. Metal Y is obtained from its oxide by heating…6 / 20
Question 26: Magnesium can be used to extract iron from iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3 to give magnesium oxide and iron. The equation for the reaction is shown.…Question 27: Magnesium can be used to extract iron from iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3 to give magnesium oxide and iron. The equation for the reaction is shown.…Question 28: Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, reacts with carbon monoxide, CO, to produce iron and carbon dioxide. The equation for the reaction is Fe2O3  +  3CO…Question 29: Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, reacts with carbon monoxide, CO, to produce iron and carbon dioxide. The equation for the reaction is Fe2O3  +  3CO…7 / 20
Question 30: In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon forming iron and carbon monoxide. What happens to the iron(III) oxide? A It is oxi…Question 31: Magnesium reacts with carbon dioxide to give magnesium oxide and carbon. What happens to the magnesium? A It is oxidised by gaining oxygen.…Question 32: The following reactions occur in the blast furnace. reaction 1: iron oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide reaction 2: iron oxide…Question 33: Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. Mg  +  H2O  →  MgO  +  H2 Which statement is correct? A Hydrogen gas …Question 34: Which statement describes a redox reaction? A An acid reacts with a base. B Only oxidation takes place. C Oxygen is transferred from one su…8 / 20
Question 35: Carbon dioxide reacts with carbon. carbon dioxide  +  carbon  →  carbon monoxide Which row describes what happens to the carbon dioxide and…Question 36: In which word equation is copper reduced? A anhydrous copper sulfate  +  water  →  hydrated copper sulfate B copper carbonate  +  hydrochlo…Question 37: In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 1 iron when it rusts 2 methane when it burns in air 3 copper oxide when it reacts …Question 38: In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 1 iron when it rusts 2 methane when it burns in air 3 copper oxide when it reacts …Question 39: Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. carbon  +  carbon dioxide  →  carbon monoxide Which statement about the reaction is…9 / 20
Question 40: The word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and copper oxide is shown. hydrogen  +  copper oxide  →  copper  +  water Which substan…Question 41: Copper is produced by heating copper oxide with carbon. The word equation for this reaction is shown. copper oxide  +  carbon  →  copper  +…Question 42: The equation shows the reaction of copper oxide with carbon. copper oxide  +  carbon  →  copper  +  carbon dioxide In the reaction, the car…Question 43: Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. magnesium  +  water  →  magnesium oxide  +  hydrogen Which statement …10 / 20
Question 44: Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. magnesium  +  water  →  magnesium oxide  +  hydrogen Which statement …Question 45: Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. magnesium  +  water  →  magnesium oxide  +  hydrogen Which statement …Question 46: Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is: iron oxide  +  carbon monoxide  →  iron  +  carbon dioxide W…Question 47: Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is: iron oxide  +  carbon monoxide  →  iron  +  carbon dioxide W…11 / 20
Question 48: Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is: iron oxide  +  carbon monoxide  →  iron  +  carbon dioxide W…Question 49: When magnesium is heated with steam, a white solid and hydrogen gas are formed. What happens to the magnesium in this reaction? A It is neu…Question 50: Methane reacts with copper oxide. The equation for the reaction is shown. 4CuO  +  CH4  →  4Cu  +  CO2  +  2H2O Which statement about this …Question 51: The equations for two redox reactions are shown. 1 CO  +  CuO  →  Cu  +  CO2 2 C  +  CO2  →  2CO Which row is correct? substance being subs…12 / 20
Question 52: When hydrogen gas is passed over heated lead oxide, lead and water are produced. lead oxide  +  hydrogen  →  lead  +  water Which substance…Question 53: In which reaction is a metal oxide being reduced? A copper oxide  +  hydrochloric acid  →  copper chloride  +  water B iron(II) oxide  +  o…Question 54: Copper oxide reacts with carbon. The equation is shown. copper oxide + carbon → copper + carbon dioxide What is the role of carbon in this …Question 55: Copper oxide reacts with carbon. The equation is shown. copper oxide + carbon → copper + carbon dioxide What is the role of carbon in this …13 / 20
Question 56: The equation for the reaction of iron(III) oxide with aluminium is shown. Fe2O3  +  2Al  →  Al 2O3  +  2Fe What is oxidised during this rea…Question 57: Magnesium reacts with zinc oxide to form magnesium oxide and zinc. Which substance is reduced in this reaction? A magnesium B magnesium oxi…Question 58: Which equation represents a reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur? A CaCO3    CaO  +  CO2 B 2H2  +  O2    2H2O C Na2CO3  +  ZnS…Question 59: Which compound can oxidise carbon? A aluminium oxide B copper oxide C magnesium oxide D potassium oxideQuestion 60: Carbon dioxide reacts with carbon. carbon dioxide  +  carbon    carbon monoxide Which row describes what happens to the carbon dioxide and…14 / 20
Question 61: Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. carbon  +  carbon dioxide    carbon monoxide Which statement about the reaction is…Question 62: Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. carbon  +  carbon dioxide    carbon monoxide Which statement about the reaction is…Question 63: Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. carbon  +  carbon dioxide    carbon monoxide Which statement about the reaction is…Question 64: Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is shown. iron oxide  +  carbon monoxide    iron  +  carbon dio…15 / 20
Question 65: Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is shown. iron oxide  +  carbon monoxide    iron  +  carbon dio…Question 66: Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is shown. iron oxide  +  carbon monoxide    iron  +  carbon dio…Question 67: Which statement describes a redox reaction? A An acid reacts with a base. B Only oxidation takes place. C Oxygen is transferred from one su…Question 68: In which chemical reaction is copper reduced? A anhydrous copper sulfate + water  hydrated copper sulfate B copper carbonate + hydrochlori…16 / 20
Question 69: Copper oxide and excess carbon are mixed together. The mass before heating is 12.2 g. The mixture is heated strongly and allowed to cool. T…Question 70: In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 1 iron when it rusts 2 methane when it burns in air 3 copper oxide when it reacts …Question 71: The word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and copper oxide is shown. hydrogen + copper oxide → copper + water Which substance, sh…Question 72: Magnesium ribbon reacts with steam. The equation for the reaction is shown. Mg  +  H2O    MgO  +  H2 Which substance is being reduced in t…17 / 20
Question 73: Iron is extracted from its ore using carbon monoxide. The word equation is shown. iron(III) oxide + carbon monoxide  iron + carbon dioxide…Question 74: Iron is extracted from its ore using carbon monoxide. The word equation is shown. iron(III) oxide + carbon monoxide  iron + carbon dioxide…Question 75: The equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen is shown. 4Na  +  O2    2Na2O Which process is involved in this reaction? A decomposit…Question 76: Four equations for reactions involving oxidation and reduction are listed. 1 CO2  +  2Mg    C  +  2MgO 2 H2  +  PbO    Pb  +  H2O 3 2Cu  …18 / 20
Question 77: What is a reduction process? A the combustion of a fuel B the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate C the extraction of copper from co…Question 78: When iron rusts, iron(III) oxide is formed. What is the meaning of (III) in iron(III) oxide? A It is the number of iron ions in the formula…Question 79: Copper oxide reacts with hydrogen to form copper and water. The equation for this reaction is shown. CuO  +  H2    Cu  +  H2O Which substa…Question 80: Which type of reaction occurs when iron is obtained from its oxide using carbon? A combustion B neutralisation C electrolysis D reductionQuestion 81: Which type of reaction occurs when iron is obtained from its oxide using carbon? A combustion B neutralisation C electrolysis D reductionQuestion 82: Which row explains why carbon is used to extract copper from copper oxide and identifies the type of reaction that occurs during the extrac…19 / 20
Question 83: Which description explains why a reaction involves reduction? A mass decreases B oxygen is lost C pH decreases D temperature decreasesQuestion 84: Which statement describes what happens during reduction? A An element gains oxygen. B A compound gains oxygen. C A compound loses oxygen. D…Question 85: In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide to form iron. What happens to the iron(III) oxide? A It is oxidised by ga…20 / 20

Mark scheme85 answers

Answers below. Sit the paper first if you are practising.

Pastlit

Science - Combined 0653 · Redox — Paper 1

IGCSE · topical answer key — answer key (teacher use)

Question

Answer

Marks

1D1
2C1
3A1
4C1
5A1
6A1
7C1
8A1
9C1
10A1
11C1
12A1
13A1
14A1
15C1
16C1
17C1
181
191
20A1
21A1
22B1
23D1
24C1
25B1
26D1
27D1
28A1
29A1
30D1
31A1
32A1
33B1
34C1
35C1
36C1
37B1
38B1
39C1
40B1
41D1
42C1
43B1
44B1
45B1
46A1
47A1
48A1
49B1
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Pastlit

Science - Combined 0653 · Redox — Paper 1

IGCSE · topical answer key — answer key (teacher use)

Question

Answer

Marks

50C1
51A1
52C1
53C1
54D1
55D1
56A1
57D1
58B1
59B1
60C1
61C1
62C1
63C1
64A1
65A1
66A1
67C1
68C1
69B1
70B1
71B1
72B1
73A1
74A1
75B1
76D1
77C1
78C1
79B1
80D1
81D1
82A1
83B1
84C1
85D1
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Another paper, or another topic

All of Chemical reactions

Questions as text

Q1 · Hydrogen is passed over heated copper(II) oxide as shown 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2006

22 Hydrogen is passed over heated copper(II) oxide as shown. copper(II) oxide hydrogen drops of liquid heat The copper(II) oxide is reduced. Which other statement also describes a change that occurs during the reaction? A Copper is distilled. B Copper(II) oxide is thermally decomposed. C Hydrogen is condensed. D Hydrogen is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2006

Q2 · Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? 0653/11 May/June 2007

19 Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? A combustion B electrolysis C reduction D thermal decomposition

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2007

Q3 · Which substance is reduced during the following reaction? 0653/11 May/June 2007

25 Which substance is reduced during the following reaction? A B C D lead(II) oxide + hydrogen → lead + water

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2007

Q4 · An oxide of lead is changed to lead by heating it with carbon 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2007

19 An oxide of lead is changed to lead by heating it with carbon. Pb xO y + 2C 3Pb + 2CO2 What is the formula of this oxide of lead? A Pb2O3 B Pb3O2 C Pb3O4 D Pb4O3

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2007

Q5 · Copper(II) oxide is mixed with solid Q 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2008

20 Copper(II) oxide is mixed with solid Q. On heating the mixture, a reaction occurs and the limewater turns cloudy. copper(II) oxide and solid Q heat limewater What is solid Q? A carbon B iron C sulphur D zinc

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2008

Q6 · When a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is ignited, an explosive reaction occurs and water… 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2008

24 When a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is ignited, an explosive reaction occurs and water is formed. Which terms describe this reaction? combustion redox 00 DW > «x O* & x \ x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2008

Q7 · Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? 0653/11 May/June 2010

20 Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? A combustion B electrolysis C reduction D thermal decomposition

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2010

Q8 · What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? 0653/11 May/June 2010

24 What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? A oxidation and combustion B oxidation and thermal decomposition C reduction and combustion D reduction and thermal decomposition

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2010

Q9 · Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? 0653/12 May/June 2010

21 Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? A combustion B electrolysis C reduction D thermal decomposition

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2010

Q10 · What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? 0653/12 May/June 2010

25 What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? A oxidation and combustion B oxidation and thermal decomposition C reduction and combustion D reduction and thermal decomposition

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2010

Q11 · Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? 0653/13 May/June 2010

21 Which method is used to obtain iron from iron(III) oxide? A combustion B electrolysis C reduction D thermal decomposition

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2010

Q12 · What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? 0653/13 May/June 2010

25 What happens to a piece of magnesium when it burns in air? A oxidation and combustion B oxidation and thermal decomposition C reduction and combustion D reduction and thermal decomposition

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2010

Q13 · Aluminium occurs as aluminium oxide in the ore bauxite 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2010

21 Aluminium occurs as aluminium oxide in the ore bauxite. Which terms apply to the extraction of aluminium from aluminium oxide? electrolysis reduction A v v B v x Cc x v D x x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2010

Q14 · Aluminium occurs as aluminium oxide in the ore bauxite 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2010

19 Aluminium occurs as aluminium oxide in the ore bauxite. Which terms apply to the extraction of aluminium from aluminium oxide? electrolysis reduction A v v B v x Cc x v D x x

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2010

Q15 · Ethene burns as shown 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2011

23 Ethene burns as shown. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) What happens to ethene in this reaction? A decomposition B neutralisation C oxidation D reduction

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2011

Q16 · Ethene burns as shown 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2011

24 Ethene burns as shown. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) What happens to ethene in this reaction? A decomposition B neutralisation C oxidation D reduction

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2011

Q17 · Ethene burns as shown 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2011

22 Ethene burns as shown. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) What happens to ethene in this reaction? A decomposition B neutralisation C oxidation D reduction

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2011

Q18 · The equations show some chemical reactions 0653/11 May/June 2012

17 The equations show some chemical reactions. 1 copper + oxygen → copper oxide 2 copper carbonate → copper oxide + carbon dioxide 3 copper oxide + carbon → copper dioxide + water In which equations has the underlined substance been reduced? A 1 only B 1 and 2 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

1 marks

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2012

Q19 · Copper(II) oxide is mixed with a solid Q 0653/11 May/June 2012

24 Copper(II) oxide is mixed with a solid Q. On heating the mixture, a reaction occurs and the limewater turns milky. copper(II) oxide and solid Q heat limewater What is solid Q? A carbon B iron C sulfur D zinc

1 marks

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2012

Q20 · Copper(II) oxide reacts as shown 0653/12 May/June 2012

17 Copper(II) oxide reacts as shown. CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O Which statement about the reaction is correct? A Both oxidation and reduction take place. B Copper(II) oxide is a reducing agent. C Copper(II) oxide is oxidised to copper. D Hydrogen is reduced to water.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2012

Q21 · Copper(II) oxide reacts as shown 0653/13 May/June 2012

17 Copper(II) oxide reacts as shown. CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O Which statement about the reaction is correct? A Both oxidation and reduction take place. B Copper(II) oxide is a reducing agent. C Copper(II) oxide is oxidised to copper. D Hydrogen is reduced to water.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2012

Q22 · Which equation shows the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? 0653/13 May/June 2012

27 Which equation shows the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? A C2H4 + 2O2 → 2CO + 2H2O B C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O C C2H6O + 2O2 → 2CO + 3H2O D C2H6O + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2012

Q23 · Which method is used to extract copper from copper(II) oxide? 0653/12 May/June 2013

27 Which method is used to extract copper from copper(II) oxide? A dissolving copper(II) oxide with hydrochloric acid and then filtering B dissolving copper(II) oxide in water and then filtering C heating the copper(II) oxide D heating the copper(II) oxide mixed with carbon

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2013

Q24 · The equation shows the reaction of copper oxide with carbon 0653/13 May/June 2013

24 The equation shows the reaction of copper oxide with carbon. 2CuO + C → 2Cu + CO2 In the reaction, the carbon is the ……1…… agent and is ……2…… during the reaction. Which words complete gaps 1 and 2? 1 2 A oxidising oxidised B oxidising reduced C reducing oxidised D reducing reduced

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2013

Q25 · Metal X reacts rapidly with cold water 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2013

23 Metal X reacts rapidly with cold water. Metal Y does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid. Metal Y is obtained from its oxide by heating with carbon. Which row shows the more reactive metal and the type of reaction which metal Y oxide undergoes when it is heated with carbon? more reactive metal type of reaction A X oxidation B X reduction C Y oxidation D Y reduction

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2013

Q26 · Magnesium can be used to extract iron from iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3 to give magnesium oxide… 0653/11 May/June 2014

25 Magnesium can be used to extract iron from iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3 to give magnesium oxide and iron. The equation for the reaction is shown. 2Mg + Fe2O3 → Mg2O3 + 2Fe Why is magnesium used in this reaction? A It is less reactive than iron and oxidises iron(III) oxide. B It is less reactive than iron and reduces iron(III) oxide. C It is more reactive than iron and oxidises iron(III) oxide. D It is more reactive than iron and reduces iron(III) oxide.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2014

Q27 · Magnesium can be used to extract iron from iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3 to give magnesium oxide… 0653/13 May/June 2014

27 Magnesium can be used to extract iron from iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3 to give magnesium oxide and iron. The equation for the reaction is shown. 2Mg + Fe2O3 → Mg2O3 + 2Fe Why is magnesium used in this reaction? A It is less reactive than iron and oxidises iron(III) oxide. B It is less reactive than iron and reduces iron(III) oxide. C It is more reactive than iron and oxidises iron(III) oxide. D It is more reactive than iron and reduces iron(III) oxide.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2014

Q28 · Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, reacts with carbon monoxide, CO, to produce iron and carbon… 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2014

22 Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, reacts with carbon monoxide, CO, to produce iron and carbon dioxide. The equation for the reaction is Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 Which statement is not correct? A Carbon is neither oxidised nor reduced. B Carbon is oxidised. C Iron is reduced. D This is a redox reaction.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2014

Q29 · Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, reacts with carbon monoxide, CO, to produce iron and carbon… 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2014

21 Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, reacts with carbon monoxide, CO, to produce iron and carbon dioxide. The equation for the reaction is Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 Which statement is not correct? A Carbon is neither oxidised nor reduced. B Carbon is oxidised. C Iron is reduced. D This is a redox reaction.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2014

Q30 · In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon forming iron and carbon monoxide 0653/11 May/June 2015

20 In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon forming iron and carbon monoxide. What happens to the iron(III) oxide? A It is oxidised by gaining oxygen. B It is oxidised by losing oxygen. C It is reduced by gaining oxygen. D It is reduced by losing oxygen.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2015

Q31 · Magnesium reacts with carbon dioxide to give magnesium oxide and carbon 0653/12 May/June 2015

21 Magnesium reacts with carbon dioxide to give magnesium oxide and carbon. What happens to the magnesium? A It is oxidised by gaining oxygen. B It is oxidised by losing oxygen. C It is reduced by gaining oxygen. D It is reduced by losing oxygen.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2015

Q32 · The following reactions occur in the blast furnace 0653/13 May/June 2015

21 The following reactions occur in the blast furnace. reaction 1: iron oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide reaction 2: iron oxide + carbon → iron + carbon monoxide Which two substances are oxidised in these reactions? A carbon and carbon monoxide B carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide C iron and carbon dioxide D iron and iron oxide

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2015

Q33 · Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2015

20 Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. Mg + H2O → MgO + H2 Which statement is correct? A Hydrogen gas is reduced. B Magnesium is oxidised. C Magnesium is reduced. D Water is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2015

Q34 · Which statement describes a redox reaction? 0653/11 May/June 2016

19 Which statement describes a redox reaction? A An acid reacts with a base. B Only oxidation takes place. C Oxygen is transferred from one substance to another. D Two substances are both reduced.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2016

Q35 · Carbon dioxide reacts with carbon 0653/12 May/June 2016

19 Carbon dioxide reacts with carbon. carbon dioxide + carbon → carbon monoxide Which row describes what happens to the carbon dioxide and to the carbon during the reaction? carbon dioxide carbon A oxidised oxidised B oxidised reduced C reduced oxidised D reduced reduced

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2016

Q36 · In which word equation is copper reduced? 0653/11 May/June 2017

20 In which word equation is copper reduced? A anhydrous copper sulfate + water → hydrated copper sulfate B copper carbonate + hydrochloric acid → copper chloride + water + carbon dioxide C copper oxide + hydrogen → copper + water D copper + oxygen → copper oxide

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2017

Q37 · In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 0653/12 May/June 2017

20 In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 1 iron when it rusts 2 methane when it burns in air 3 copper oxide when it reacts with carbon A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2017

Q38 · In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 0653/13 May/June 2017

20 In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 1 iron when it rusts 2 methane when it burns in air 3 copper oxide when it reacts with carbon A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2017

Q39 · Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2017

20 Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. carbon + carbon dioxide → carbon monoxide Which statement about the reaction is correct? A Both carbon and carbon dioxide are oxidised. B Both carbon and carbon dioxide are reduced. C The carbon is oxidised and the carbon dioxide is reduced. D The carbon is reduced and the carbon dioxide is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2017

Q40 · The word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and copper oxide is shown 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2017

20 The word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and copper oxide is shown. hydrogen + copper oxide → copper + water Which substance, shown in the word equation, is reduced in the reaction? A copper B copper oxide C hydrogen D water

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2017

Q41 · Copper is produced by heating copper oxide with carbon 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2017

20 Copper is produced by heating copper oxide with carbon. The word equation for this reaction is shown. copper oxide + carbon → copper + carbon dioxide Which statement explains why this is a redox reaction? A Carbon dioxide contains oxygen. B Carbon is a solid and carbon dioxide is a gas. C Copper oxide is oxidised. D Copper oxide loses oxygen and carbon gains oxygen.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2017

Q42 · The equation shows the reaction of copper oxide with carbon 0653/12 Feb/March 2018

21 The equation shows the reaction of copper oxide with carbon. copper oxide + carbon → copper + carbon dioxide In the reaction, the carbon is the ««1«« agent and is ««2«« during the reaction. Which words complete gaps 1 and 2? 1 2 A oxidising oxidised B oxidising reduced C reducing oxidised D reducing reduced

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 Feb/March 2018

Q43 · Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas 0653/11 May/June 2018

21 Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. magnesium + water → magnesium oxide + hydrogen Which statement about this reaction is correct? A Hydrogen gas is reduced. B Magnesium is oxidised. C Magnesium is reduced. D Water is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2018

Q44 · Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas 0653/12 May/June 2018

21 Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. magnesium + water → magnesium oxide + hydrogen Which statement about this reaction is correct? A Hydrogen gas is reduced. B Magnesium is oxidised. C Magnesium is reduced. D Water is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2018

Q45 · Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas 0653/13 May/June 2018

21 Magnesium reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. magnesium + water → magnesium oxide + hydrogen Which statement about this reaction is correct? A Hydrogen gas is reduced. B Magnesium is oxidised. C Magnesium is reduced. D Water is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2018

Q46 · Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2018

20 Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is: iron oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide Which statement is not correct? A Carbon is neither oxidised nor reduced. B Carbon is oxidised. C Iron is reduced. D This is a redox reaction.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2018

Q47 · Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2018

21 Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is: iron oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide Which statement is not correct? A Carbon is neither oxidised nor reduced. B Carbon is oxidised. C Iron is reduced. D This is a redox reaction.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2018

Q48 · Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2018

21 Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is: iron oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide Which statement is not correct? A Carbon is neither oxidised nor reduced. B Carbon is oxidised. C Iron is reduced. D This is a redox reaction.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2018

Q49 · When magnesium is heated with steam, a white solid and hydrogen gas are formed 0653/12 Feb/March 2019

19 When magnesium is heated with steam, a white solid and hydrogen gas are formed. What happens to the magnesium in this reaction? A It is neutralised. B It is oxidised. C It is reduced. D It is thermally decomposed.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 Feb/March 2019

Q50 · Methane reacts with copper oxide 0653/11 May/June 2019

20 Methane reacts with copper oxide. The equation for the reaction is shown. 4CuO + CH4 → 4Cu + CO2 + 2H2O Which statement about this reaction is correct? A Carbon is reduced. B Copper oxide is oxidised. C It is a redox reaction. D Methane is reduced.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2019

Q51 · The equations for two redox reactions are shown 0653/12 May/June 2019

20 The equations for two redox reactions are shown. 1 CO + CuO → Cu + CO2 2 C + CO2 → 2CO Which row is correct? substance being substance being reduced in reaction 1 oxidised in reaction 2 A CuO C B CO CO2 C CO C D CuO CO2

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2019

Q52 · When hydrogen gas is passed over heated lead oxide, lead and water are produced 0653/13 May/June 2019

20 When hydrogen gas is passed over heated lead oxide, lead and water are produced. lead oxide + hydrogen → lead + water Which substance is reduced during the reaction? A hydrogen B lead C lead oxide D water

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2019

Q53 · In which reaction is a metal oxide being reduced? 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2019

21 In which reaction is a metal oxide being reduced? A copper oxide + hydrochloric acid → copper chloride + water B iron(II) oxide + oxygen → iron(III) oxide C lead oxide + carbon → lead + carbon dioxide D zinc oxide + sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + water

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2019

Q54 · Copper oxide reacts with carbon 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2019

25 Copper oxide reacts with carbon. The equation is shown. copper oxide + carbon → copper + carbon dioxide What is the role of carbon in this reaction? A It is a catalyst. B It is an electrolyte. C It neutralises the copper oxide. D It reduces the copper oxide.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2019

Q55 · Copper oxide reacts with carbon 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2019

25 Copper oxide reacts with carbon. The equation is shown. copper oxide + carbon → copper + carbon dioxide What is the role of carbon in this reaction? A It is a catalyst. B It is an electrolyte. C It neutralises the copper oxide. D It reduces the copper oxide.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2019

Q56 · The equation for the reaction of iron(III) oxide with aluminium is shown 0653/12 Feb/March 2020

19 The equation for the reaction of iron(III) oxide with aluminium is shown. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al 2O3 + 2Fe What is oxidised during this reaction? A aluminium B aluminium oxide C iron D iron(III) oxide

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 Feb/March 2020

Q57 · Magnesium reacts with zinc oxide to form magnesium oxide and zinc 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2020

20 Magnesium reacts with zinc oxide to form magnesium oxide and zinc. Which substance is reduced in this reaction? A magnesium B magnesium oxide C zinc D zinc oxide

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2020

Q58 · Which equation represents a reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur? 0653/12 Feb/March 2021

19 Which equation represents a reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur? A CaCO3  CaO + CO2 B 2H2 + O2  2H2O C Na2CO3 + ZnSO4  Na2SO4 + ZnCO3 D NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 Feb/March 2021

Q59 · Which compound can oxidise carbon? 0653/12 May/June 2021

24 Which compound can oxidise carbon? A aluminium oxide B copper oxide C magnesium oxide D potassium oxide

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2021

Q60 · Carbon dioxide reacts with carbon 0653/12 Feb/March 2022

20 Carbon dioxide reacts with carbon. carbon dioxide + carbon  carbon monoxide Which row describes what happens to the carbon dioxide and to the carbon during the reaction? carbon dioxide carbon A oxidised oxidised B oxidised reduced C reduced oxidised D reduced reduced

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 Feb/March 2022

Q61 · Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures 0653/11 May/June 2022

21 Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. carbon + carbon dioxide  carbon monoxide Which statement about the reaction is correct? A Both carbon and carbon dioxide are oxidised. B Both carbon and carbon dioxide are reduced. C The carbon is oxidised and the carbon dioxide is reduced. D The carbon is reduced and the carbon dioxide is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2022

Q62 · Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures 0653/12 May/June 2022

21 Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. carbon + carbon dioxide  carbon monoxide Which statement about the reaction is correct? A Both carbon and carbon dioxide are oxidised. B Both carbon and carbon dioxide are reduced. C The carbon is oxidised and the carbon dioxide is reduced. D The carbon is reduced and the carbon dioxide is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2022

Q63 · Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures 0653/13 May/June 2022

21 Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. carbon + carbon dioxide  carbon monoxide Which statement about the reaction is correct? A Both carbon and carbon dioxide are oxidised. B Both carbon and carbon dioxide are reduced. C The carbon is oxidised and the carbon dioxide is reduced. D The carbon is reduced and the carbon dioxide is oxidised.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2022

Q64 · Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2022

19 Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is shown. iron oxide + carbon monoxide  iron + carbon dioxide Which statement about this reaction is not correct? A Carbon monoxide is reduced. B Carbon monoxide is oxidised. C Iron oxide is reduced. D It is a redox reaction.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2022

Q65 · Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2022

19 Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is shown. iron oxide + carbon monoxide  iron + carbon dioxide Which statement about this reaction is not correct? A Carbon monoxide is reduced. B Carbon monoxide is oxidised. C Iron oxide is reduced. D It is a redox reaction.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2022

Q66 · Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2022

19 Iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide. The word equation for the reaction is shown. iron oxide + carbon monoxide  iron + carbon dioxide Which statement about this reaction is not correct? A Carbon monoxide is reduced. B Carbon monoxide is oxidised. C Iron oxide is reduced. D It is a redox reaction.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2022

Q67 · Which statement describes a redox reaction? 0653/12 Feb/March 2023

18 Which statement describes a redox reaction? A An acid reacts with a base. B Only oxidation takes place. C Oxygen is transferred from one substance to another. D Two substances are both reduced.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 Feb/March 2023

Q68 · In which chemical reaction is copper reduced? 0653/11 May/June 2023

20 In which chemical reaction is copper reduced? A anhydrous copper sulfate + water  hydrated copper sulfate B copper carbonate + hydrochloric acid  copper chloride + water + carbon dioxide C copper oxide + hydrogen  copper + water D copper + oxygen  copper oxide

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2023

Q69 · Copper oxide and excess carbon are mixed together 0653/11 May/June 2023

25 Copper oxide and excess carbon are mixed together. The mass before heating is 12.2 g. The mixture is heated strongly and allowed to cool. The mass after heating is 10.4 g. Why does the mass change? A Carbon forms carbon dioxide which then combines with the copper oxide. B Carbon reduces the copper oxide and leaves the test-tube as carbon dioxide. C Copper oxide loses oxygen, turns into copper and the carbon remains unchanged. D Carbon oxidises the copper oxide and leaves the test-tube as carbon dioxide.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2023

Q70 · In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 0653/12 May/June 2023

20 In which reactions is the underlined substance oxidised? 1 iron when it rusts 2 methane when it burns in air 3 copper oxide when it reacts with carbon A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2023

Q71 · The word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and copper oxide is shown 0653/13 May/June 2023

21 The word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and copper oxide is shown. hydrogen + copper oxide → copper + water Which substance, shown in the word equation, is reduced in the reaction? A copper B copper oxide C hydrogen D water

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2023

Q72 · Magnesium ribbon reacts with steam 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2023

19 Magnesium ribbon reacts with steam. The equation for the reaction is shown. Mg + H2O  MgO + H2 Which substance is being reduced in this reaction? A H2 B H2O C Mg D MgO

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2023

Q73 · Iron is extracted from its ore using carbon monoxide 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2023

19 Iron is extracted from its ore using carbon monoxide. The word equation is shown. iron(III) oxide + carbon monoxide  iron + carbon dioxide Which statement is correct? A Carbon monoxide is oxidised by gaining oxygen. B Carbon monoxide is reduced by losing oxygen. C Iron(III) oxide is oxidised by losing oxygen. D Iron(III) oxide is reduced by gaining oxygen.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2023

Q74 · Iron is extracted from its ore using carbon monoxide 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2023

19 Iron is extracted from its ore using carbon monoxide. The word equation is shown. iron(III) oxide + carbon monoxide  iron + carbon dioxide Which statement is correct? A Carbon monoxide is oxidised by gaining oxygen. B Carbon monoxide is reduced by losing oxygen. C Iron(III) oxide is oxidised by losing oxygen. D Iron(III) oxide is reduced by gaining oxygen.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2023

Q75 · The equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen is shown 0653/12 Feb/March 2024

19 The equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen is shown. 4Na + O2  2Na2O Which process is involved in this reaction? A decomposition B oxidation C neutralisation D precipitation

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/12 Feb/March 2024

Q76 · Four equations for reactions involving oxidation and reduction are listed 0653/11 May/June 2024

19 Four equations for reactions involving oxidation and reduction are listed. 1 CO2 + 2Mg  C + 2MgO 2 H2 + PbO  Pb + H2O 3 2Cu + O2  2CuO 4 CO + Fe2O3  2FeO + CO2 Which statement is correct? A In reaction 1, the Mg is being reduced. B In reaction 2, the PbO is being oxidised. C In reaction 3, the CuO is being oxidised. D In reaction 4, the Fe2O3 is being reduced.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2024

Q77 · What is a reduction process? 0653/12 May/June 2024

21 What is a reduction process? A the combustion of a fuel B the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate C the extraction of copper from copper oxide D the reaction between an acid and an alkali

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2024

Q78 · When iron rusts, iron(III) oxide is formed 0653/13 May/June 2024

21 When iron rusts, iron(III) oxide is formed. What is the meaning of (III) in iron(III) oxide? A It is the number of iron ions in the formula for iron(III) oxide. B It is the ratio of iron ions to oxygen ions. C It is the oxidation state of iron ions in iron(III) oxide. D It is the pH of iron ions in iron(III) oxide.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2024

Q79 · Copper oxide reacts with hydrogen to form copper and water 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2024

19 Copper oxide reacts with hydrogen to form copper and water. The equation for this reaction is shown. CuO + H2  Cu + H2O Which substance is reduced in this reaction? A Cu B CuO C H2 D H2O

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/11 Oct/Nov 2024

Q80 · Which type of reaction occurs when iron is obtained from its oxide using carbon? 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2024

19 Which type of reaction occurs when iron is obtained from its oxide using carbon? A combustion B neutralisation C electrolysis D reduction

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/12 Oct/Nov 2024

Q81 · Which type of reaction occurs when iron is obtained from its oxide using carbon? 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2024

19 Which type of reaction occurs when iron is obtained from its oxide using carbon? A combustion B neutralisation C electrolysis D reduction

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2024

Q82 · Which row explains why carbon is used to extract copper from copper oxide and identifies… 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2024

23 Which row explains why carbon is used to extract copper from copper oxide and identifies the type of reaction that occurs during the extraction? explanation type of reaction A carbon is more reactive than copper redox B carbon is more reactive than copper thermal decomposition C carbon is less reactive than copper redox D carbon is less reactive than copper thermal decomposition

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0653/13 Oct/Nov 2024

Q83 · Which description explains why a reaction involves reduction? 0653/11 May/June 2025

21 Which description explains why a reaction involves reduction? A mass decreases B oxygen is lost C pH decreases D temperature decreases

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0653/11 May/June 2025

Q84 · Which statement describes what happens during reduction? 0653/12 May/June 2025

22 Which statement describes what happens during reduction? A An element gains oxygen. B A compound gains oxygen. C A compound loses oxygen. D A mixture of elements loses oxygen.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0653/12 May/June 2025

Q85 · In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide to form iron 0653/13 May/June 2025

25 In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide to form iron. What happens to the iron(III) oxide? A It is oxidised by gaining oxygen. B It is oxidised by losing oxygen. C It is reduced by gaining oxygen. D It is reduced by losing oxygen.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0653/13 May/June 2025