Rivers — Paper 2 · IGCSE Geography 0460

1 Study the map extract for Ballyvaghan, Ireland. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) The map has blue grid lines which make squares. What area of land does one grid square show? Tick one answer below. Tick (3) 1 km2 10 km2 20 km2 50 km2 100 km2 [1] (b) (i) Height above sea level is shown by contour lines. What is the difference in height between the contour lines on this map? Tick one answer below. Tick (3) 1 m 10 m 20 m 40 m 100 m [1] (ii) What does the green shading in grid square 2807 show? … [1] (c) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the east of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 29 30 31 32 12 12 N67 11 11 C E 10 10 B A 09 09 D 08 08 29 30 31 32 Fig. 1 (i) Identify feature A. … [1] (ii) Identify the type of road at B. … [1] (iii) Give the six-figure grid reference of the road junction at C. … [1] (iv) Give the height above sea level of the spot height at D. … [1] (v) Describe the gradient of the road: between D and E; … [1] between E and C. … [1] (d) Fig. 2 shows the location of the coastal settlements at Ballyvaghan and Bealaclugga. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 11 11 10 10 09 09 BealacluggaBealaclugga 08 08 BallyvaghanBallyvaghan 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Fig. 2 (i) A person travels along the N67 road from the main road junction at Ballyvaghan to the road junction at Bealaclugga. How far does the person travel? Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) How much further does the person travel along the N67 road than the straight line distance between the two points? Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (iii) Which of the following statements describes the directions that the person travels from Ballyvaghan to Bealaclugga? Tick one answer below. Tick (3) north east then south east north east then south west north west then south west north west then south east south east then north east [1] (e) Fig. 3 is a cross section through the summit (top) of Moneen Mountain from 240077 to 290077. (m) 400 400 height level 300 300 sea above 200 200 above sea 100 100 level height 0 0 (m) 240077 290077 Fig. 3 (i) On Fig. 3, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the lake at Lough Luirk. [1] (ii) Using the map, complete the cross section on Fig. 3. [2] (f) Using map evidence, give reasons for the growth of the settlement at Ballyvaghan. … … … … … … … … … … [5] [Total: 20 marks]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) 1 km2, 1 1(b)(i) 10 m, 1 1(b)(ii) land below 100 m, 1 1(c)(i) (county) boundary, 1 1(c)(ii) third class, 1 1(c)(iii) 316 103/4, 1 1(c)(iv) 25 m, 1 1(c)(v) D – E gentle, 2 E – C steep, 1(d)(i) 6800–7300 (m), 1 1(d)(ii) 1550–2050 (m), 1 Error carried forward. 1(d)(iii) north east then south east, 1 1(e)(i) correct position of Lough Luirk 78–86 mm from left margin, 1 1(e)(ii) summit 250–270m, Not ruler flat or sharply pointed. 2 correct horizontal position of summit 45–52 mm from left margin, 1(f) road junction/route centre, 5 gentle slopes/flat, lowland/below 100 m, quay/harbour/port, visitor centre, earthwork/antiquity, coastal/mountain scenery/to walk/climb, tourism with evidence, services/police/post/school/chapel/church/parking, lake for water supply,

This question in 0460/22 Feb/March 2017

1 Study the map extract for Lønavatnet, Norway. The scale is 1:25 000. Fig. 1 shows some of the features around the lake of Lønavatnet. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 60 61 62 63 64 32 32 H 31 31 B D 30 30 C G E 29 29 A F J 28 28 60 61 62 63 64 Fig. 1 (a) Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1: (i) feature A; … [1] (ii) feature B; … [1] (iii) feature C; … [1] (iv) the type of land at D; … [1] (v) feature E. … [1] (b) (i) Estimate the area of the lake of Lønavatnet. Circle one correct answer below. 3 km2 5 km2 7 km2 9 km2 [1] (ii) A person walks along the edge of the lake from F to G. How far does the person walk? Circle one correct answer below. 1525 m 2225 m 2975 m 3675 m [1] (c) (i) Identify the river feature in area H. … [1] (ii) On Fig. 1, draw an arrow to show the direction of flow of the river at J. [1] (d) The main types of land use in the area of the map extract are forest and cultivation. (i) Forest does not grow on the highest land. What is the general upper limit of forest growth on the west side of Lønavatnet? Circle one correct answer below. 400 m 600 m 800 m 1000 m [1] (ii) Describe the distribution of cultivation in the area shown on the map extract. … … … … … … [3] (e) In Fig. 2 the area west of the lake is shaded. 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 33 33 32 32 31 31 Lønavatnet 30 30 29 29 28 28 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 (not to scale) Fig. 2 (i) Using the map extract, describe the relief of the area shaded in Fig. 2. … … … … … … … … … [4] (ii) Describe the drainage of the area shaded in Fig. 2. … … … … … … … [3] [Total: 20 marks]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) State / county road 1 1(a)(ii) power line 1 1(a)(iii) camp site 1 1(a)(iv) marsh 1 1(a)(v) Quarry / gravel pit 1 1(b)(i) 3 km2 1 1(b)(ii) 2225 m 1 1(c)(i) Delta / braided / islands / distributaries / bars, 1 Mark best answer given unless contradicted. 1(c)(ii) arrow showing flow to south west 1 1(d)(i) 600 m 1 1(d)(ii) on low(er) / 77–200 m / in valley / avoids high(er), 3 on gentle(r) / flat(ter) / avoids steep(er), lakeside / near lake / around lake, near settlement / houses / roads / farms, area in SE / next to quarry / Nordheim / Nedra / Øvre Lemme, 1(e)(i) High / mountainous, 4 1410 m, lowest 60–80 m, high(er) in NW / high(er) away from lake / low(er) in SE / low(er) next to lake, steep, gentle(r) / flat(ter) at bottom / near lake, gentle(r) / flatter at top / in NW, valley side, (small) valleys, Ridge / spur, Don’t allow points clearly linked to the area east of the lake. 1(e)(ii) small rivers / small streams, 3 high drainage density / many rivers / many streams / many tributaries, straight, flow south east / to lake, steep gradient, small lakes,

This question in 0460/22 May/June 2017

1 Study the map extract, which is for Lillehammer, Norway. The scale is 1:50 000. Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the south-west part of the map extract. (a) Study Fig. 1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 73 74 75 76 77 79 79 78 78 A 77 77 E B 76 76 D 75 75 C 74 74 73 73 72 72 73 74 75 76 77 Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A; … [1] (ii) feature B; … [1] (iii) feature C; … [1] (iv) the height of the land at D; … metres [1] (v) the type of building at E. … [1] (b) State three pieces of evidence that tourism is a main function of Vingnes. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (c) Describe the natural features of the lake Mjøsa between northing 78 and the southern edge of the map. … … … … … … … … [4] (d) Identify the feature at grid reference 815818. … [1] (e) Describe the distribution of the main settlements on the map extract. … … … … … … [3] (f) Fig. 2 shows northing 73 between the west shore of lake Mjøsa and the western edge of the map, divided into four sections, A, B, C and D. western west shore edge direction of movement of lake of map Mjøsa Brattberg D C B A northing 73 Fig. 2 The descriptions of relief are: gentle downhill slope, steep downhill slope, gentle uphill slope, steep uphill slope, deep valley, shallow valley Complete the table to describe the relief along the four sections of grid line 73, starting from the lake, moving from east to west. Choose one description from the list above for each section. Section Description A … … B … … C … … D … … [4] [Total: 20 marks]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) power line 1 1(a)(ii) Marsh 1 1(a)(iii) (marked prepared) ski trail 1 1(a)(iv) 673 1 1(a)(v) farm/farmhouse 1 1(b) swimming, 3 ski jump, sports park, (illuminated) ski trail, hotel/lodging, restaurant, nature reserve/nature conservation area, marked footpath, café, boatshed, Credit best three answers given. 1(c) variable width/widens to south/narrows to north, 4 island(s), 119–123 m, nature conservation area/nature reserve, river mouth(s)/tributary(ies), delta, bends/not straight, flow to south, 1(d) trigonometric point, 1 1(e) near lake/lake side/by Mjøsa, 3 both sides (of lake), more on east side, confluence (of rivers/valleys), on low(er)/avoids high(er), on gentle(r)/on flat(ter)/avoids steep(er), in valley(s), on/along roads, 1(f) A steep uphill slope, 4 B gentle uphill slope, C gentle downhill slope D shallow valley, If more information given, credit correct answers unless information is from more than one answer from the list.

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2017

1 Study the map extract for Vangsvatnet, Norway. The scale is 1:25 000. Fig. 1 shows some of the features around the lake of Vangsvatnet. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions on the opposite page. 51 52 53 54 26 26 D F 25 25 E C H B G 24 24 J A 23 23 51 52 53 54 Fig. 1 (a) Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1: (i) feature A; … [1] (ii) feature B; … [1] (iii) feature C; … [1] (iv) the height above sea level at trigonometric point D; … [1] (v) feature E; … [1] (vi) the name of river F; … [1] (vii) the feature of the river in area G. … [1] (b) A person walks along the edge of the lake from H to J. How far does the person walk? Circle one correct answer below. 1500 m 1800 m 2100 m 2400 m [1] (c) Describe the route of the railway from the western edge of the map to the settlement at Bulken. … … … … … [2] (d) Fig. 2 shows an area in the north west of the map extract. Describe the relief of this area. 49 50 51 29 29 H o r n 28 28 49 50 51 Fig. 2 … … … … … … … … … … [5] (e) Describe the distribution of cultivation and forest in the area shown by the map extract. Cultivation … … … … … … … … Forest … … … … … … … … [5] [Total: 20 marks]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) power line, 1 1(a)(ii) road, 1 1(a)(iii) hotel/lodging, 1 1(a)(iv) 625 m, 1 1(a)(v) cultural monument, 1 1(a)(vi) Dyrvo, 1 1(a)(vii) delta/distributaries, 1 1(b) 1800 m 1 1(c) on south side of lake, 2 bridge over lake, on north side of lake, (allow side of lake once if south/north not stated) tunnel, keeps low/flat/avoids high/avoids steep, 1(d) high/mountainous, 5 steep, 1103 m, lowest 680–700 m, valley (in east), V shape, spur/ridge (in west), gentler summit, double summit/two high points, convex, 1(e) Cultivation 5 low(er), gentle(r), near lake, in valley, below 400 m, (allow any height lower than 400 m) more in south east/south, Forest high/higher than the cultivation, avoids highest land/summits, steep(er), below 600/800 m, Reserve 1 for each.

This question in 0460/21 Oct/Nov 2017

1 Study the map extract for Bordalen, Norway. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 57 58 59 21 21 D B 20 20 C A 19 19 57 58 59 Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A; … [1] (ii) the name of river B; … [1] (iii) the height above sea level of the spot height at C; … metres [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the contour at D. … metres [1] (b) Fig. 2 shows the location of two grid squares in the south east of the map extract. These are square 6316 at Færes-fjellet and square 6416 at Grønahorgi. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. 63 64 65 17 17 Færes-fjellet Grønahorgi 16 16 63 64 65 Fig. 2 The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Square 6316 Square 6416 Both these Neither of at Færes-fjellet at Grønahorgi areas these areas lakes forest marsh glaciers land over 1100 m above sea level [5] (c) Fig. 3 is a cross section along northing 20 from 590200 to 620200. A B C level 800 800 level sea 600 600 sea above 400 400 above 200 200 metres metres 0 0 590200 620200 Fig. 3 (i) Name the river at A. … [1] (ii) Identify the feature at B. … [1] (iii) Identify the type of land use at C. … [1] (iv) The cross section shown on Fig. 3 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 3 to complete the cross section. [1] (d) A person walks uphill from the bridge over the main river south of Rjodo (608173) to the trigonometric point at Litraknappen (623167). (i) In which compass direction does the person travel? … [1] (ii) What distance does the person travel in a straight line? … [1] (iii) How many metres does the person climb? Circle one correct answer below. 568 m 668 m 768 m 868 m [1] (e) Describe the distribution of farms and houses shown on the map. … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20 marks]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (marked) footpath, 1 1(a)(ii) Tomasgrovi, 1 1(a)(iii) 916 (m), 1 1(a)(iv) 600 (m), 1 1(b) 5 Square Square Both these Neither of 6 316 at 6 416 at areas these areas Færes-fjellet Grønahorgi lakes 9 forest 9 marsh 9 glaciers 9 land over 1 100 m 9 above sea level More than 1 tick per row = 0, except for the first row where ticks in both the first two boxes and all of the first three boxes is allowed. 1(c)(i) Roesgrovi, 1 1(c)(ii) road, 1 1(c)(iii) cultivation, 1 1(c)(iv) valley completed clearly steeper than rest of slopes but not dropping below 1 200 m, (use the ruler device along the 200 m line) 1(d)(i) south east/east south east, 1 1(d)(ii) 1 550–1 750 m/1.55–1.75 km, 1 1(d)(iii) 568 m, 1 1(d)(e) on/near cultivated land, 4 along/near roads, in valley(s)/on valley side(s), west facing slope, on gentle(r)/avoids steep(er), (on flat = 0, but allow flat qualified) on low(er)/avoids high(er)/200–500 m, linear/dispersed/scattered/sparsely distributed, (nucleated spoils) none/few in forest, (more) in north, in centre/none in east/west, (also allow SE, NE, SW and NW)

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2017

3 Photograph A (Insert) shows a mountain landscape. Describe the river valleys shown in the photograph. Refer to: • the shape of the cross profiles; • the long profiles; • any other features of the landscape. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [8] [Total: 8 marks]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3 steep, 8 V-shaped, narrow/gorge, no floor/flood plain, steep long profile/steep gradient, irregular long profile, many valleys/dissected, small valleys, tributary valleys/confluence of valleys, meandering/winding/zigzag valleys, (not river) spur(s), ridge(s), interlocking spurs = 2, dendritic pattern, cliffs, grass/trees/bushes/scrub, upper course/close to source (allow if referring to river), bare rock (in background)/rocks (in foreground, not channel), Contradictions spoil, e.g. gentle spoils steep.

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2017

5 Fig. 7 shows the rivers and drainage basins of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is completely surrounded by other countries. Key international boundary RUSSIA watershed river flow direction Ishim Tobol Irtysh Ural Nura Aral Lake Balkhash Sea CHINA Syrdarya IIi Shu N Caspian Sea UZBEKISTAN 0 200 KYRGYZSTAN TURKMENISTAN km Fig. 7 (a) (i) What is meant by the following terms: drainage basin; … … watershed? … … [2] (ii) Identify two rivers shown on Fig. 7 which have their sources outside Kazakhstan and their mouths within Kazakhstan. 1 … 2 … [2] (iii) Identify the river shown on Fig. 7 which is entirely within Kazakhstan. … [1] (b) Fig. 8 gives information about six of the rivers shown on Fig. 7. River River discharge* (km3 / year) Total Flow from Minimum flow other countries in dry years Syrdarya 13.3 10 4.2 Ili 28.77 12.37 17.8 Shu 3.23 2.03 2.7 Irtysh 34.03 9.53 19.7 Tobol 2.1 0.6 0.3 Ural 13.9 8.6 3.0 *River discharge is the amount of water flowing in a river at a certain time. Fig. 8 Using evidence from Figs. 7 and 8, suggest why the Irtysh river might provide the most reliable water supply for Kazakhstan. … … … … … … … … … … [3] [Total: 8 marks]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 5(a)(i) area drained by a river/catchment area of river, 2 divide between two drainage basins/boundary of a drainage basin, Allow if expressed as an area or highland. 5(a)(ii) Ural, 2 Syrdarya, Ili, 5(a)(iii) Nura, 1 5(a)(b) large(st) discharge, 3 large(st) discharge in dry years, less dependent on other countries/lower flow from other countries/large(st) discharge excluding flow from other countries, large catchment/drainage basin, reservoir/dam/lake for storage,

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2017

1 Study the map extract, which is for Mesnali, Norway. The scale is 1:50 000. Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the southern part of the map extract. (a) Study Fig. 1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 92 93 94 95 96 97 78 78 B 77 77 A C 76 76 75 75 F D 74 74 E 73 73 92 93 94 95 96 97 Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1: (i) feature A; … [1] (ii) feature B; … [1] (iii) the height of the land at C; … [1] (iv) the main land use in grid square D; … [1] (v) the land use at E; … [1] (vi) feature F. … [1] (b) List three services in the settlement of Mesnali. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (c) Identify ways in which the settlement of Mesnali differs from that of Nattrudstilen. Do not write about services. … … … … … … [3] (d) Describe the relief of Snørvillen in grid squares 9581 and 9681. … … … … … … [3] (e) (i) Measure the distance along the power line from the junction of power lines in Mesnali at 911755 to where the power line leaves the southern edge of the map in grid square 9773. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) State the bearing of the power line from the junction of power lines in 9175 to where the power line leaves the southern edge of the map in grid square 9773. … degrees [1] (f) Fig. 2 shows the river Fjellelva’s course between two lakes. 90 94 86 86 Kroksjøen Fjellelva R. Sjusjøen 80 80 90 94 Fig. 2 (i) State the direction in which the river is flowing. The river flows to the … [1] (ii) Give two pieces of evidence to support your answer. 1 … … 2 … … [2] [Total: 20 marks]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (marked) footpath, 1 1(a)(ii) ski lift, 1 1(a)(iii) 626 m, 1 1(a)(iv) forest, 1 1(a)(v) cultivation, 1 1(a)(vi) trigonometric point, 1 1(b) grocery, 3 hotel/lodging, swimming, illuminated ski trail, church, nursing home, electricity/power line, council offices, 1(c) M has built-up area N has not/M more built up, 3 M has no/few cabins/N has some/many, M has farms N none, M houses N none, M dominant buildings N none, M smaller area N larger area, M is a town N is a resort, M on lower ground/N higher, M higher density/N lower density 1(d)(i) hill/high/mountain, 3 ridge/elongated/oval shape, 995 m, concave slope, steep(er) to north/south, gentle(r) to east, 1(e)(i) 6800–7200 (metres), 1 1(e)(ii) 111–114 (degrees), 1 1(f)(i) south, 1 1(f)(ii) lake Kroksjøen higher/Sjusjøen lower/882–879 m and 810–806 m, 2 907/905/899 m–835 m, contour shape, angle of tributaries,

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2017

1 Study the map extract for Geitsida, Norway. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the south east of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 61 62 63 64 65 52 52 C B 51 51 D 50 50 A 49 49 61 62 63 64 65 Fig. 1.1 (i) Identify the type of road at A. … [1] (ii) Identify feature B. … [1] (iii) What is the height of contour C? … metres [1] (iv) What is the six-figure grid reference of the road junction at D? Tick one correct answer below. Tick (3) 652511 509648 648510 648508 648509 [2] (b) A person travels along the road from the northern edge of the map at Nyheim to the eastern edge of the map at Atnbrua. (i) In which compass direction does the person travel? Tick one correct statement below. Tick (3) north west to south east south east to north west north east to south west south west to north east [1] (ii) How far does the person travel along the road? Tick one correct statement below. Tick (3) 7200 metres 7800 metres 8400 metres 9000 metres [1] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 58 from 580580 to 640580. 1300 1300 1200 1200 1100 1100 height height 1000 1000(metres) (metres) 900 900 800 800 0 0 580580 640580 Fig. 1.2 (i) Using the map, complete the cross section on Fig. 1.2. [2] (ii) On Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show the position of Voldalen. [1] (iii) On Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show the position of Midtvola. [1] (d) Fig. 1.3 shows the mountainous area around Geitsida in the west of the map extract. 55 56 57 58 58 58 57 57 Geitsida 56 56 55 55 55 56 57 58 Fig. 1.3 Describe the relief of the area shown on Fig. 1.3. … … … … … … … … [3] (e) Look at the whole of the map extract. (i) Describe the distribution of cultivation and forest. … … … … … … … … [3] (ii) Describe the relationship between roads and relief. … … … … … … … … [3] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) state/country/district road, 1 1(a)(ii) hotel/lodging, 1 1(a)(iii) 1200 (metres), 1 1(a)(iv) 648509 = 2, 2 648508 = 1 1(b)(i) north west to south east, 1 1(b)(ii) 8400 metres, 1 1(c)(i) 1000 m–1050 m, 2 summit between 75 and 85 mm from left, 1(c)(ii) Voldalen between 45 and 60 mm from left, 1 1(c)(iii) Midtvola between 70 and 87 mm from left, 1 In each part of (b) use the ruler device to measure the answers. Arrows should end within about 1 cm of the profile. Measure to the point that the arrow projects to. There should be no ambiguity. Allow labels by names or question numbers. 1(d) upland/mountains/high, 3 steep slopes, heights 1200–1560 metres, many/small/narrow/V-shaped valleys, (max 2) spurs/ridges, several summits/peaks, at least 3 1(e)(i) in low(er) land/avoids high(er)/avoids over 1000 m, 3 in valley(s), in NE/N/E, NW and SE don’t spoil response. cultivation within forest, cultivation on valley floor, cultivation lower/forest higher, (comparison) cultivation on gentle(r), forest on steep(er), 1(e)(ii) follow valleys, 3 keep low(er)/avoid high(er)/avoid over 800 m, on gentle(r)/flat qualified /avoids steep(er), on valley floor, on eastern side of valley, on steep land in south,

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2018

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a map of a river. The positions of three cross sections through the river channel are shown: these are A – B, C – D and E – F. B A N C 0 10 D m F E Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2 shows a cross section through the river channel drawn at one of the positions shown on Fig. 3.1. letter letter 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.6 0 5 m Key velocity (metres per second) 0.4 of water Fig. 3.2 (i) Which position on the river channel is shown on Fig. 3.2? Add two letters, A, B, C, D, E or F, to Fig. 3.2 to show your answer. [2] (ii) Using Fig. 3.2, describe how the velocity of the water varies in the river channel. … … … … … … … [2] (iii) Add an arrow, labelled ‘erosion’, to Fig. 3.2 to show where this process is most likely to occur. [1] (b) Name the following river landforms: (i) rounded hollows in a rocky river bed; Name … [1] (ii) flat land either side of a river formed by deposits from the river; Name … [1] (iii) raised banks on either side of a river formed by deposits from the river. Name … [1] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) A–B, 2 (or F–E), 3(a)(ii) higher on outside of bend/lower on inside of bend, 2 higher where deepest/lower where shallow, higher below surface/lower at surface, lower on bed/banks/higher away from bed/banks, centre of the deepest part = 2 as alternative to the last two lines. 3(a)(iii) correctly placed arrow, Outside of bend within 5 mm of line, between surface 1 and deepest point. 3(b)(i) potholes, 1 3(b)(ii) flood plain, 1 3(b)(iii) levees, 1

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2018

1 (a) Study the map extract, which is for Valestrandsfossen, Norway. The scale is 1:25 000. Fig. 1.1 shows some features in the east of the map extract. 05 06 07 08 15 15 D A B C 14 14 13 13 E 12 12 05 06 07 08 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A; … [1] (ii) the height at the spot elevation B; … metres [1] (iii) the type of road C; … [1] (iv) the type of building at D; … [1] (v) the land use at E. … [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 11 from the coast at 039110 to 070110. G west east 400 400 300 300 height height (metres) (metres) 200 200 100 100 0 0 039110 070110 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify the land use between G, labelled on the cross section, and the eastern edge of the cross section. … [1] (ii) On Fig. 1.2 show with a labelled arrow the position of a private road. [1] (iii) On Fig. 1.2 show with a labelled arrow the position of an unmarked footpath. [1] (iv) On Fig. 1.2 show with a labelled arrow the position of the Daltveitelva river. [1] (c) Find the Daltveitelva river in the grid squares shown on Fig. 1.3. 06 07 08 11 11 Daltveitelva 10 10 09 09 06 07 08 Fig. 1.3 (i) What is the direction of flow of the river? Tick one correct statement below. Tick (3) south west to north east north east to south west south east to north west north west to south east [1] (ii) Using the map area shown in Fig. 1.3 only, give one reason for your answer to (c)(i). … … [1] (d) Look at Fig. 1.4, which shows grid square 0115. 01 02 16 16 15 15 01 02 Fig. 1.4 Describe the relief and drainage of the land in grid square 0115. relief … … … … … … … drainage … … … … [5] (e) (i) Find the ferry crossing from Breistein to Valestrandsfossen in the centre of the map. Measure the distance along the route of the ferry crossing. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) What is the six-figure grid reference of the start of the ferry crossing at Breistein? Tick one correct answer below. Tick (3) 022114 023114 032124 114022 114023 [2] (iii) Measure the bearing from the start of the ferry crossing at Breistein to its end at Valestrandsfossen. … degrees. [1] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (unmarked) footpath, 1 1(a)(ii) 254, 1 1(a)(iii) state (also allow country, country and district), 1 1(a)(iv) dominant 1 1(a) (v) industrial, (buildings don’t spoil) 1 1(b)(i) forest, (group of trees spoils but trees doesn’t) 1 1(b)(ii) private road 71–75 mm from left hand margin, (allow 41–44 mm) 1 1(b)(iii) unmarked footpath 52–56 mm from left hand margin, 1 1(b)(iv) Daltveitelva river 102–106 mm from left hand margin, 1 Use the ruler device to measure the answers. Arrows should end within about 1 cm of the profile. Measure to the point that the arrow projects to. There should be no ambiguity. Allow labels by names or question numbers. 1(c)(i) south east to north west, 1 1(c)(ii) opposite direction to V shape of contours/V shape of contours points to 1 higher ground, the heights of two contours crossing the river or one contour and the lake level 348 m, angle of the tributary/angle of a tributary in the S/SE, 1(d) high/hill(s)/mountain(s)/upland, 5 ridge/spur, 319 m, 340–360 m, steep, gentle(r)/flat qualified summit(s), steeper in SW/scarp in SW, valley(s), small stream/small river, flows towards south east, marsh, low drainage density/only one river, Reserve one mark for each part. 1(e)(i) 2200 to 2300, 1 1(e)(ii) 022114 = 2 2 023114 = 1 1(e)(iii) 44–48, 1

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2018

1 Study the map extract for Frya, Norway. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north west of the map extract. 55 56 57 58 59 60 34 34 C 33 33 D B E 32 32 A 31 31 55 56 57 58 59 60 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) the height above sea level at C … metres [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the contour at D … metres [1] (v) the type of land at E. … [1] (b) Using map evidence, give reasons for the growth of the settlement at Frya in the south west of the map extract. … … … … … … … … … … … … … [5] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 280 from 600280 to the eastern edge of the map at 640280. 1000 X Y Z 1000 800 800 height 600 600 height (metres) (metres) 400 400 200 200 0 0 600280 640280 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify the feature at X. … [1] (ii) Give the name of the river at Y. … [1] (iii) Identify the feature at Z. … [1] (iv) The cross section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section. [2] (d) Fig. 1.3 shows part of the valley of the Frya river in the south west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.3 and answer the questions below. 55 56 57 29 29 Frya 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 55 56 57 Fig. 1.3 (i) Describe the relief of the part of the valley shown on Fig. 1.3. … … … … … … … … [3] (ii) Describe the distribution of cultivation in the part of the valley shown on Fig. 1.3. … … … [1] (iii) Using map evidence, suggest a reason for the distribution that you have described in (d)(ii). … … … [1] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) road 1 1(a)(ii) car park/parking 1 1(a)(iii) 1093 (m) 1 1(a)(iv) 1000 (m) 1 1(a)(v) marsh 1 1(b) flat/gentle(r)/avoids steep 5 low(er)/avoids high sheltered by mountains route centre/road junction/valley confluence tourism camping/camp site/camp site cabins/hotel/lodging/restaurant/footpath/ airport industry/power station quarry/gravel pit railway bridge(s) river/lake for water/power/transport 1(c)(i) (unmarked) footpath 1 1(c)(ii) Nordaa 1 1(c)(iii) private road 1 1(c)(iv) 700 m contour 52–57 mm from left hand margin 2 end over 800 m and up to 850 m Use the ruler device to measure the answers. 1(d)(i) winding 3 interlocking spurs steep deep V-shaped convex slopes/steeper at bottom 200 m – 800 m 1(d)(ii) west facing/east side 1 in middle of slope/avoids highest and lowest more gentle/avoids steep/not too steep near settlement/farms near road 1(d)(iii) sunny/warmer 1 more accessible/easier for transport easier to cultivate more gentle/avoids steep/less steep ) If not near settlement/farms ) given near road ) in (i)

This question in 0460/21 Oct/Nov 2018

1 Study the map extract for Furusjøen, Norway. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features close to the Glitra river in the south east part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 39 40 41 42 43 56 56 B Glitra 55 55 C 54 54 53 53 D 52 52 Glitra 51 51 A 50 50 39 40 41 42 43 Fig. 1.1 (i) Identify the land use at A. … [1] (ii) What type of land is shown at B? … [1] (iii) What is the height above sea level of the spot height at C? … metres [1] (iv) What is the height above sea level of the contour at D? … metres [1] (v) What is the direction of flow of the Glitra river in the area shown on Fig. 1.1? Tick one correct answer below. Tick (✓) south west then south south east then south north then north east north west then south [1] (vi) What is the distance along the Glitra river in the area shown on Fig. 1.1? Tick one correct answer below. Tick (✓) 5½ kilometres 6½ kilometres 7½ kilometres 8½ kilometres [1] (b) Look at the main settlement in the central part of the map extract. Give three services provided for tourists in this settlement. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 59 from 370590 to the eastern edge of the map at 430590. 1600 1600 X Y 1500 1500 1400 1400 height height (metres) (metres) 1300 1300 1200 1200 1100 1100 0 0 370590 430590 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify the feature at X. … [1] (ii) Identify the feature at Y. … [1] (iii) The cross section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section. [2] (d) Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the north east of the map extract. 39 40 41 42 43 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 39 40 41 42 43 Fig. 1.3 (i) Describe the relief of the area shown in Fig. 1.3. … … … … … … … … [4] (ii) Describe the drainage of the area shown in Fig. 1.3. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) forest 1 1(a)(ii) marsh 1 1(a)(iii) 1236(m) 1 1(a)(iv) 1200(m) 1 1(a)(v) south west then south 1 1(a)(vi) 8½ km 1 1(b) winter parking 3 hotel/lodging cabins/camp site cabins grocery viewpoint canoeing downhill ski (route) ski trail sight footpath nature conservation area Credit the first three given. 1(c)(i) (marked) ski trail 1 1(c)(ii) (marked) footpath 1 1(c)(iii) left side just below 1400 m and above 1350 m 2 1300 m reached 16–20 mm from left hand side Measure with ruler device. 1(d)(i) steep 4 high/hilly/hill(s)/upland/mountain(s) 1600/1602 m valley(s) V-shaped straight E/SE steeper/W/NW gentler/asymmetrical 1(d)(ii) (river store) Ula 3 flows to south west (fairly) straight variable width marsh ponds/small lakes tributaries/affluents/confluence tributaries on W/NW/none on E/SE

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2018

1 Study the map extract, which is for Mjølkeråen, Norway. The scale is 1:25 000. Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the northern part of the map extract. (a) Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 96 97 98 99 15 15 A B 14 14 C 13 13 D E 12 12 96 97 98 99 Fig. 1.1 Identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of building A; … [1] (ii) feature B; … [1] (iii) feature C; … [1] (iv) the height of the contour at D; … metres [1] (v) the land use at E. … [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 shows an incomplete cross section along northing 13 from the coast at 946130 to 980130. unmarked footpath west east 500 500 400 400 height height 300 300(metres) (metres) 200 200 100 100 0 0 946130 954130 980130 Fig. 1.2 (i) Complete the cross section on Fig. 1.2. [2] (ii) On Fig. 1.2, using labelled arrows mark the positions of: – a power line (use label P); – an area of cultivation (use label C). [2] (c) Describe the distribution of the built-up areas north of northing 14. … … … … [2] (d) State the six-figure grid reference of the boatshed on the coast road at Hylkje in the north east. (The boatshed is shown by a small black triangle.) … [2] (e) Complete the description of the relief and drainage of grid square 9711. The highest point is over … metres. Hilltop slopes are more … sloping than lower slopes. There is little surface drainage, except for three small … . Two of them drain towards the … and one towards the … . [5] (f) Fig. 1.3 shows the positions of two grid squares, 9613 and 9813 on the map extract. 96 97 98 99 13 13 13 13 96 97 98 99 Fig. 1.3 The table below compares features of the two grid squares. Complete the table by putting a tick (3) in each box to indicate whether the feature appears in that grid square. Three examples have been completed. Feature 9613 9813 3 3 open area 3 land over 400 metres farm marsh [2] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) cultural 1 1(a)(ii) tunnel 1 1(a)(iii) historical site 1 1(a)(iv) 400 1 1(a)(v) forest 1 1(b)(i) western end at 0 m and 0–3 mm from left hand margin 2 steepest between 100 m and 200 m height approximately 1(b)(ii) position of P/power line 39–44 mm from left hand margin 2 position of C/cultivation 94–102 mm from left hand margin Use the ruler device to measure the answers. Arrows should end within about 1 cm of the profile. Measure to the point that the arrow projects to. There should be no ambiguity. Allow labels by names or question numbers. 1(c) coastal/near coast 2 linear low/below 100 m flat(ter)/gently sloping regular spacing/even distribution 1(d) correct square (9914) = 1 2 996140/1 = 2 1(e) 400–460 5 gentle(r)/flatter/convex streams/rivers/tributaries east/south-east/lake/Kjeneset south 1(f) farm in 9613 only = 1 2 marsh in both squares = 1

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2018

1 Study the map extract for Åhus, Sweden. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the area around the mouth of the Möllerännan river in the main settlement of Åhus. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 55 56 57 58 59 99 99 A river 98 98 B C D 97 97 sea 96 96 55 56 57 58 59 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the land use in each of the following areas shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) area A … [1] (ii) area B … [1] (iii) area C … [1] (iv) area D. … [1] (b) Look at the Möllerännan river in the south west of the map extract. Describe the human and physical features of the river. … … … … … … … … … [4] (c) Describe the shape of the coastline between the main settlement at Åhus and the north edge of the map. … … … … … … [2] (d) The location of the small settlement at Fårabäck is shown on Fig. 1.2. 58 59 60 61 62 03 03 Fårabäck 02 02 sea 01 01 58 59 60 61 62 Fig. 1.2 Give map evidence that suggests that Fårabäck is a tourist settlement. … … … … [2] (e) Find the small settlements of Nygård (6004) and Landön (6303) in the north east of the map extract. (i) Measure the distance along the public road from the north edge of the map at Nygård to the end of the road at Landön. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) Give the compass direction from the end of the road at Nygård to the end of the road at Landön. … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the end of the road at Nygård to the end of the road at Landön. … degrees [1] (iv) What is the six-figure grid reference of the end of the public road at Landön? Tick one box below. Tick (✓) 031632 642042 632031 033634 632042 [2] (f) Fig. 1.3 shows the area of a military firing range in the centre of the map extract. The area is surrounded by a thick, dashed blue line. 54 55 56 57 58 59 6005 05 04 04 03 03 Skjutfält 02 02 01 01 sea 00 00 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Fig. 1.3 Describe the relief of the area of the firing range. … … … … … … … … [3] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (other) major buildings 1 1(a)(ii) coniferous and mixed forest 1 1(a)(iii) marsh (liable to flooding) 1 1(a)(iv) low rise buildings 1 1(b) flows north east, 4 wide/200 m/at least 6 m wide, wider downstream/variable width, meanders, marsh/floods, bridges/roads crossing, marina, small forest stand, gentle gradient, delta/mouth/reaches sea, one tributary 1(c) straight at beginning/in south, 2 altered by human activity, headland(s), bay(s), stack/island(s) 1(d) coastal/near sea, 2 leisure homes/second homes, bathing, sheltered bay 1(e)(i) 3000–3200 m 1 1(e)(ii) south east 1 1(e)(iii) 127–131° 1 1(e)(iv) 632031 = 2 2 632042 = 1 1(f) flat/gentle, 3 low, 10 m, flat inland/north west, more hilly/higher/steeper in south east/along coast

This question in 0460/22 Feb/March 2019

4 (a) Name the following processes which operate in a drainage basin. Choose your answers from the list below: interception infiltration throughflow groundwater flow overland flow (i) water moving through the rock [1] (ii) rain soaking into the ground. [1] (b) Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 (Insert) are photographs which show the same river in Madeira on two different days. (i) Using Fig. 4.1, describe what has been done to the channel of the river to reduce flooding and erosion. … … … … [2] (ii) Describe and explain the differences in the river and its load on the day shown in Fig. 4.1 and on the other day shown in Fig. 4.2. … … … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 4(a)(i) groundwater flow 1 4(a)(ii) infiltration 1 4(b)(i) straightened, 2 deepened, strengthened/built from stone/walls to prevent erosion 4(b)(ii) Description 4 4.2 higher flow/discharge, 4.2 more load, 4.2 water muddy/brown/dirty/suspension load Explanation 4.2 rainfall, 4.2 faster/more energy/more/powerful, 4.2 wider

This question in 0460/22 Feb/March 2019

1 Study the map extract for Kivik, Sweden. The scale is 1:50 000. Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the south west of the map extract around the settlement of Olof. 44 45 46 47 68 68 D E 67 67 C F 66 66 A B 65 65 44 45 46 47 Fig. 1.1 (a) Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) the type of road at B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level at spot height D … metres [1] (v) the land use in area E … [1] (vi) the land use in area F. … [1] (b) Look at the coastal area from Kivik to the northern edge of the map extract. Give two pieces of map evidence which suggests that this area has a tourist industry. 1 … 2 … [2] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 69 from 490690 to the sea at 560690. Y coastline X Z 150 150 metres metres above above 100 100 sea sea level level 50 50 0 0 490690 560690 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify feature X. … [1] (ii) Name the settlement at Y. … [1] (iii) Using the map, complete the cross section on Fig. 1.2 between Z and the coastline. [1] (d) Look at the settlements of Olof and S Mellby. Find the churches in Olof and S Mellby, shown by this symbol: † (i) Measure the distance in a straight line between the church at Olof and the church at S Mellby. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) Give the compass direction from the church at Olof to the church at S Mellby. … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the church at Olof to the church at S Mellby. … degrees [1] (iv) What is the six-figure grid reference of the church at S Mellby? Tick one box below. Tick (3) 688507 507688 507689 513691 507691 [2] (e) Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the north of the map extract. 47 48 49 50 73 73 Mölleån 72 72 71 71 47 48 49 50 Fig. 1.3 Describe the relief of this area. … … … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) railway (any type) 1 1(a)(ii) public road (any type) 1 1(a)(iii) shooting range (any type) 1 1(a)(iv) 144 (metres) 1 1(a)(v) forest (any type) 1 1(a)(vi) arable (land) 1 1(b) camp site, 2 marina, bathing, ancient monument 1(c)(i) road 1 1(c)(ii) S Mellby 1 1(c)(iii) profile completed with ground rising (not over 100m) then falling to sea level 1 at the coastline 1(d)(i) 6600–6900 (metres) 1 1(d)(ii) NE / ENE 1 1(d)(iii) 62–65 (degrees) 1 1(d)(iv) 507688 = 2 2 507689 = 1 1(e) valley, 4 steep (sides), uniform slope, V-shaped, narrow, lowest 10–25 m, highest 110–120 m, north facing slope / slopes down to north

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2019

1 Study the map extract for Tollarp, Sweden. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the centre of the map extract around the settlement of Tollarp. 34 35 36 37 38 01 01 00 00 Tollarp B A 99 99 E D C 98 98 34 35 36 37 38 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) the land use at C … [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the height above sea level at spot height E. … metres [1] (b) Find the main river on the map extract, the Vramsån river. Describe the features of the river. … … … … … … … … … … [4] (c) Fig. 1.2 shows an area in the west of the map extract. Area A is south west of the E22 road and area B is north east of the E22 road. 30 31 32 33 34 02 02 01 B 01 Y 00 00 E22 99 99 A 98 98 X 97 97 30 31 32 33 34 Fig. 1.2 Describe the differences in relief between area A and area B. … … … … … … … … [3] (d) Fig. 1.3 is a cross section between points X and Y, shown on Fig. 1.2 on the opposite page. P Q 200 200 150 150 metres metres above sea above sea 100 100 level level 50 50 0 0 X Y Fig. 1.3 Using the map extract: (i) identify feature P … [1] (ii) identify feature Q … [1] (iii) complete the cross section on Fig. 1.3. [1] (e) Look at the E22 road between where it crosses the Vramsån river and the eastern edge of the map extract. (i) Measure the distance along this section of road. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) Give the compass direction from where the E22 crosses the river to where it meets the eastern edge of the map extract. … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from where the E22 crosses the river to where it meets the eastern edge of the map extract. … degrees [1] (iv) What is the six-figure grid reference of the point where the E22 crosses the river? Tick one box below. Tick (✓) 360987 360983 379993 362977 987360 [2] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) mast 1 1(a)(ii) (other) major building (allow industrial building) 1 1(a)(iii) industrial area / industry (allow rock outcrop) 1 1(a)(iv) (parish / other) church 1 1(a)(v) 39 (m), In (a)(i)–(v) if there is more than one answer and one is wrong = 0 1 1(b) flows to south east / east / from north west / west, 4 variable width / wider to east / southeast / narrower to west / northwest, meanders / bends etc., tributary / ies / confluence(s), bridge(s) / crossing / underpass 1(c) A steeper / B more gentle / A steep and B gentle / flat, 3 A higher / B lower / A high and B low / A more hilly (mountains, uplands = 0 but don’t spoil higher / lower), A 65–165 m, (Allow heights between) B 39–65 m, (Allow heights between) 1(d)(i) (public) road / motorway / E22, (not approach, through, private, street or 1 park road) 1(d)(ii) (Vramsan) river / watercourse 1 1(d)(iii) land rising to over 150 m but below 180 m, 1 1(e)(i) 4000–4300 (metres), 1 1(e)(ii) east / east northeast, 1 1(e)(iii) 77–80° 1 1(e)(iv) 360 987 = 2 2 360 983 = 1

This question in 0460/22 May/June 2019

3 Figs. 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 show information about a river and its valley in a country with intense rainstorms. The dam was built to control the flow of the river to reduce flooding. Key river edge of flood plain dam reservoir village P1 P P2 N rough grassland bridge 0 1 km Q1 Q Q Q2 Fig. 3.1 cross section of the valley at P cross section of the valley at Q Key impermeable rock river river permeable rock not to scale P1 P2 Q1 Q2 Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3 (a) (i) Explain why the cross sectional shape of the valley at P, shown in Fig. 3.2, causes a rapid rise in the river level after rain. … … [1] (ii) Circle below the river process which will decrease as river flow increases. deposition erosion transportation [1] (iii) Use Fig. 3.1 to explain why there is more water in the river at Q than near the village. … … [1] (b) (i) The river is allowed to flood the valley floor in area Q. Explain why this helps to reduce floods further downstream. … … [1] (ii) Using Figs. 3.1 and 3.3, explain why area Q is a good location to allow flooding to occur. … … … … [2] (c) Some people living in the village argued that the dam shown in Fig. 3.1 should not be built. Give two disadvantages of a dam to support their opinion. 1 … … 2 … … [2] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) steep slopes / valley + rapid runoff, (both needed) 1 3(a)(ii) deposition, 1 3(a)(iii) water from tributary (is added to the river), 1 bigger catchment, 3(b)(i) it removes water from the river channel / water held back, 1 less water will flow downstream, more evaporation/percolation, reduced speed, 3(b)(ii) flat (valley floor easily flooded), 2 wide / large valley floor / flood plain, water sinks into the permeable rock, no settlement/away from village, 3(c) expensive dam, 2 an eyesore / visual pollution, possible danger from dam collapse, sedimentation reduces water storage, destroys habitats/disturbs wildlife / agriculture / environmental damage, (upstream) noise / dust pollution during construction, effect of low flow on environment downstream,

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2019

1 Study the map extract for Hammarsjön, Sweden. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some features in the north of the map extract. 46 47 48 49 50 05 05 A 04 04 B C 03 03 D E 02 02 F 01 01 46 47 48 49 50 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of land in area A … [1] (ii) the land use in area B … [1] (iii) the height above sea level of contour C … metres [1] (iv) the height above sea level at triangulation point D … metres [1] (v) feature E … [1] (vi) features F. … [1] (b) Look at the two main rivers on the map extract: River 1 the Vramsån river River 2 the Helge å river. Using the following headings, compare the features of the two rivers. (i) width … … [1] (ii) shape of the river … … [1] (iii) direction of flow … … … … [2] (c) Fig. 1.2 shows three areas of the map extract, P, Q and R. P Q R 44 45 46 45 46 47 51 52 5301 01 98 98 98 98 Solvik 00 00 97 97 97 97 Gringelstad Ripa 99 99 96 96 96 96 44 45 46 45 46 47 51 52 53 Fig. 1.2 For each of the three areas, identify the settlement pattern. area settlement pattern P … Q … R … [3] (d) Fig. 1.3 is a cross section along northing 99 from 430990 to 480990. X Y 25 25 20 20 metres above metres above 15 15 sea level sea level 10 10 5 5 0 0 430990 480990 Fig. 1.3 Identify the types of land use at X and Y on Fig. 1.3. land use X … Y … [2] (e) Look at the junction of the public roads near Hovby in the north east of the map extract and the junction of the public roads in Ripa in the south east of the map extract. (i) Measure the distance along the road between these two junctions. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) Give the compass direction from the road junction near Hovby to the road junction in Ripa. … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the road junction near Hovby to the road junction in Ripa. … degrees [1] (iv) What is the six-figure grid reference of the road junction near Hovby? … [2] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) marsh liable to flooding, 1 1(a)(ii) arable, 1 1(a)(iii) 10 (metres), 1 1(a)(iv) 12 (metres), 1 1(a)(v) electricity transmission line, 1 1(a)(vi) wind generators, 1 1(b)(i) 1 narrower / 2 wider, 1 1(b)(ii) 1 more meandering / 2 more straight, 1 1(b)(iii) 1 to east / south east, 2 2 to south-south west (but allow to north-north east), 1(c) P linear, 3 Q dispersed, R nucleated, 1(d) X arable, 2 Y forest, 1(e)(i) 7300–7800 (metres), 1 1(e)(ii) SSE, 1 1(e)(iii) 154–158°, 1 1(e)(iv) 495021 = 2, 2 496022 = 1,

This question in 0460/21 Oct/Nov 2019

1 Study the map extract for Degeberga, Sweden. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some features in the west of the map extract around the main settlement of Degeberga. 41 42 43 44 45 90 90 E A 89 89 Degeberga B 88 88 C 87 87 D E 86 86 41 42 43 44 45 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level at spot height D … metres [1] (v) the height above sea level of contour E. … metres [1] (b) Fig. 1.2A shows an area in the north west of the map extract and Fig. 1.2B shows an area in the south east of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. 42 43 44 48 49 50 92 92 88 88 Råholmen 91 91 87 87 Sågverk 90 90 86 86 42 43 44 48 49 50 Fig. 1.2A Fig. 1.2B The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Area in Area in Both these Neither of Fig. 1.2A Fig. 1.2B areas these areas ✓ Example: motorway flat land steep land gentle slopes mostly forest mostly arable land [5] (c) Fig. 1.3 shows a cross section along northing 86 from 440860 to 510860. 125 125 level 100 100 level sea sea 75 75 coastline above 50 50 above 25 25metres metres 0 0 440860 510860 Fig. 1.3 (i) On Fig. 1.3, use labelled arrows and the letter shown to show the positions of: public road 19 (X) the Segesholmsån river (Y). [2] (ii) On Fig. 1.3, complete the cross section. [2] (d) Look at the coastal settlement around Nyehusen and Furuboda. Give map evidence that suggests that this is a tourist settlement. … … … … [2] (e) Find the following two triangulation points: the 22 m triangulation point south of Nyehusen the 129 m triangulation point near Norrlia, south of Degeberga. (i) Give the compass direction from the 129 m triangulation point to the 22 m triangulation point. … [1] (ii) Measure the bearing from the 129 m triangulation point to the 22 m triangulation point. … degrees [1] (iii) What is the six-figure grid reference of the 129 m triangulation point near Norrlia? … [2] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) public road, (ignore width) 1 1(a)(ii) church 1 1(a)(iii) mast 1 1(a)(iv) 33 (m) 1 1(a)(v) 100 (m) 1 1(b) 5 flat land 9 steep land 9 gentle slopes 9 mostly forest 9 mostly arable 9 land 1(c)(i) public road 28–32 mm from left hand margin, 2 river 97–101 mm from left hand margin 1(c)(ii) land continuously rising to the left hand margin, 2 highest point over 100 m but not more than 112 m 1(d) bathing, 2 leisure/second homes, camp site/camping, roads give access to sea, dunes, cycle path(s) 1(e)(i) ENE/NE 1 1(e)(ii) 63–67° 1 1(e)(iii) 438 855 = 2 2 43_85_ = (correct square) 1

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2019

1 Study the map extract for Knislinge, Sweden. The scale is 1:50 000. Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the west of the map extract. 38 39 40 41 42 43 25 25 A B 24 24 23 23 E C D 22 22 21 21 38 39 40 41 42 43 Fig. 1.1 (a) Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) the type of land at B … [1] (iii) the type of natural vegetation at C … [1] (iv) the height of the contour D … [1] (v) feature E. … [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 shows the area around the town of Knislinge. 40 47 31 31 Key road Knislinge runway F Knislinge R 26 26 40 47 Fig. 1.2 (i) State the width of the road labelled F. … metres [1] (ii) Describe the general pattern of the main roads shown on Fig. 1.2. … … [1] (c) A runway to the east of Knislinge is labelled R on Fig. 1.2. Find this runway on the map extract. (i) Measure the length of the surfaced section of the runway. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) Give the compass direction along the surfaced runway from the end near Sigfridssten to the other end near Bivarödsmölla. … [1] (d) Describe the features of the river between the western edge of the map extract at 380260 and its confluence with the river Helge å in grid square 4425. … … … … … … … … [4] (e) Fig. 1.3 shows the area around the town of Hanaskog. 38 42 46 27 27 24 24 Hanaskog 21 21 38 42 46 Fig. 1.3 (i) Using the map extract, describe the distribution of the arable land in the area shown on Fig. 1.3. … … … … [2] (ii) Using the map extract, state one way in which the distribution of woodland in the area shown on Fig. 1.3 differs from that of the arable land. … … [1] (f) Find the lake called Araslövssjön in the south east of the map extract. (i) Name the type of vegetation on the edges of the lake. … [1] (ii) State one way in which the lake is used. … [1] (g) Fig. 1.4 is a cross section along northing 23 from 400230 to 470230. metres metres 40 40 20 20 0 0 400230 470230 west east Fig. 1.4 On Fig. 1.4, using labelled arrows, mark the positions of: (i) a railway (R) [1] (ii) the river Kälan (K). [1] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) turning place, 1 1(a)(ii) other/open (land), 1 1(a)(iii) deciduous forest, 1 1(a)(iv) 25 m, 1 1(a)(v) (municipality) boundary, 1 1(b)(i) 5–7, 1 1(b)(ii) radial/route centre/nodal point/focus on town/branch out from town, 1 1(c)(i) 2000–2200, 1 1(c)(ii) SSE/SE, 1 1(d) at least 6 m wide, 4 flows east, braided/island/splits and re-joins, meanders, cut-off/oxbow, (4025) straightened, (3826) gentle gradient, two/few/small tributary/ies, dam, 1(e)(i) in valley(s) 2 near river(s), on low(er) land/land below 25 m (any figure below)/avoids high(er) land, on gentle(r) slopes/on flat(ter)/avoids steep(er) slopes, 1(e)(ii) steep(er) slopes, 1 high(er) land/hills/any figure between 25 m and 74 m, (more) in the west/south/less in the east/north, 1(f)(i) marsh (liable to flooding), 1 1(f)(ii) nature reserve, 1 1(g)(i) railway/R 76–80 mm from the western edge, 1 1(g)(ii) river Kälan/K 24–27 mm from the western edge, 1

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2019

1 Study the map extract for Aywaille, Belgium. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north west part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 88 89 90 91 92 00 00 C B D 99 99 A 98 98 E F 97 97 96 96 88 89 90 91 92 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of road at A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level at D … metres [1] (v) the land use at E … [1] (vi) the height above sea level of the contour at F. … metres [1] (b) Find the motorway that runs from the north edge of the map extract to the south edge of the map extract. (i) Measure the distance along the motorway from the north edge of the map to the south edge of the map. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) Measure the compass bearing from the point where the motorway meets the north edge of the map to the point where the motorway meets the south edge of the map. … degrees [1] (c) Fig. 1.2 shows an area in the north east of the map at Hestroumont. Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the south east of the map at Haute Desnié. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. 98 00 98 00 00 00 94 94 Haute Desnié Hestroumont 98 98 92 92 98 00 98 00 Fig. 1.2 Fig. 1.3 The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Area in Area in Both of Neither of Fig. 1.2 at Fig. 1.3 at these areas these areas Hestroumont Haute Desnié secondary road trees or woodland linear settlement flat land land over 400 m above sea level [5] (d) Look at the railway in the south west of the map extract. Describe the route of the railway. … … … … … … [3] (e) Fig. 1.4 is a cross section along easting 94 from 940960 in the north to 940920 in the south. The cross section runs through the settlement at Nonceveux. Nonceveux Z 400 400 X Y 300 300 metres above metres above sea level 200 200 sea level 100 100 0 0 940960 940920 (north) (south) Fig. 1.4 (i) Identify the feature at X. … [1] (ii) Identify the feature at Y. … [1] (iii) Identify the feature at Z. … [1] (iv) The cross section shown in Fig. 1.4 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line in Fig. 1.4 to complete the cross section. [1] [Total: 20] TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) main (road), 1 1(a)(ii) church, 1 1(a)(iii) outstanding tree, 1 1(a)(iv) 306 metres, 1 1(a)(v) conifers/coniferous woodland, 1 1(a)(vi) 250 metres, 1 1(b)(i) 9200–9700 (metres) 1 1(b)(ii) 159–163 (degrees) 1 1(c) 5 Area in Area in Both these Neither of Fig. 1.2 Fig. 1.3 areas these areas secondary road  trees or woodland  linear settlement  flat land  land over 400 m  above sea level 1(d) winding/curved/bends, 3 follows valley, crosses river at Chat de Montjardin/Remouchamps/9295, follows river/road/N633, keeps level/gentle/flat, links settlements/any two of Aywaille – Remouchamps - Nonceveux, tunnel, W to E (then N to S)/NW to SE, foot of valley side, avoids flood plain, avoids steep slope, 1(e)(i) road/N697, 1 1(e)(ii) railway, 1 1(e)(iii) (telecommunications) mast/tower, 1 1(e)(iv) land falling to the north, 1

This question in 0460/22 Feb/March 2020

1 Study the map extract for Stoumont, Belgium. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the main settlement at Stoumont. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 98 99 00 01 02 90 90 A B 89 89 X 88 88 G F STOUMONT 87 87 D E C Y 86 86 98 99 00 01 02 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) the land use at B … [1] (iii) the height above sea level of the contour at C … metres [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) feature E … [1] (vi) feature F. … [1] (b) What is the six-figure grid reference of the junction at point G in Fig. 1.1? … [1] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section from point X to point Y in Fig. 1.1. N633 road 400 400 300 300 above level seametres 200 200 metressea 100 100 levelabove 0 0 X Y 000880 020860 Fig. 1.2 (i) The cross section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section. [2] (ii) In Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the L’Amblève river. [1] (d) Find the N645 road that runs from near the settlement of Chevron in the south west of the map extract to the bridge over the L’Amblève river. (i) What is the distance along the road from the south edge of the map to the bridge over the L’Amblève river? Tick (3) one box below. Tick (3) 3780 metres 4780 metres 5500 metres 7780 metres [1] (ii) What is the compass direction from the point where the road meets the south edge of the map to the bridge over the L’Amblève river? … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the point where the road meets the south edge of the map to the bridge over the L’Amblève river. … degrees [1] (iv) Describe the route of the N645 road. … … … … … … … [3] (e) Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the north east of the map extract. 02 03 04 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 02 03 04 Fig. 1.3 Which three of the following statements describe the relief of the area shown in Fig. 1.3? Tick (3) only three boxes below. Tick (3) The highest point is over 550 m. It is an area of gentle slopes. It is lowest in the north. The lowest land is below 200 m. It is an area of deeply cut relief. There is a river flood plain. There is a plateau in the south. The slopes face north. There is a V-shaped valley. It is a mountainous area. [3] (f) Look at the main settlement on the map extract at Stoumont. Give one reason for the growth of the settlement. … … [1] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (secondary) road, (allow spot height) 1 1(a)(ii) (mixed) woodland, 1 1(a)(iii) 250 metres, 1 1(a)(iv) railway, 1 1(a)(v) tunnel, 1 1(a)(vi) church, 1 1(b) 994879, 1 1(c)(i) flat valley floor, 2 (just above) 200 m, 1(c)(ii) correct position of river, 1 1(d)(i) 7780 m, 1 1(d)(ii) north east, 1 1(d)(iii) 33–37° 1 1(d)(iv) winding, 3 follows valley, keeps low, keeps level, crosses river, 1(e) the highest point is over 550 m, 3 it is an area of deeply cut relief, there is a V-shaped valley, Deduct one mark for every tick more than three. 1(f) road junction, 1 (more) gentle slope, services/two named services, dry point site, woodland for fuel,

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2020

1 Study the map extract for Hamoir, Belgium. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement at Ouffet in the north west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 74 75 76 77 92 92 B 91 91 E C 90 90 OUFFET A D 89 89 74 75 76 77 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) the height above sea level of the contour at B … metres [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the land use at D … [1] (v) feature E. … [1] (b) Describe the pattern of main and secondary roads in the area shown on Fig. 1.1. … … [1] (c) Look at the part of the N66 road that runs from the bridge over the river at Hamoir to the east edge of the map extract. (i) What is the distance along the road from the bridge over the river at Hamoir to the east edge of the map extract? Tick one box below. Tick (✓) 6500 metres 7500 metres 8500 metres 9500 metres [1] (ii) What is the compass direction from the bridge over the river at Hamoir to where the N66 road meets the east edge of the map extract? … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the bridge over the river at Hamoir to where the N66 road meets the east edge of the map extract. … degrees [1] (iv) Give the six-figure grid reference of the bridge over the river at Hamoir. … [1] (d) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 90 from 770900 to 830900. 300 N66 linking road 300 200 200 metres metres above sea above sea level level 100 100 0 0 770900 830900 Fig. 1.2 (i) On Fig. 1.2, use labelled arrows to show the position of: • the main river • the Chat. de Renal (shown by a symbol for a castle) [2] (ii) The cross section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section. [1] (e) Which three of the following statements describe the main river on the map extract? Tick only three boxes below. Tick (✓) Its valley has gentle sides. It is meandering. It has no tributaries. It is always to the east of the railway. It has a flood plain of varying width. There is no settlement on its banks. It is a braided river. It flows from east to west. It is about 50 m wide. It is about 150 m wide. [3] (f) Look at the settlement at Hamoir. Describe the site and give reasons for the growth of the settlement. … … … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (secondary) road, 1 1(a)(ii) 250 metres, 1 1(a)(iii) church, 1 1(a)(iv) deciduous trees, 1 1(a)(v) high voltage line, 1 1(b) radial/meet in centre/meet in Ouffet, 1 main road E–W and secondary road SSW–NNE, 1(c)(i) 8500 m, 1 1(c)(ii) east-south east, 1 1(c)(iii) 109–113, 1 1(c)(iv) 801890, 1 1(d)(i) correct position of river, 2 correct position of Chat. De Renal, 1(d)(ii) section continuing to rise but not reaching 300m, 1 1(e) it is meandering, 3 it has a flood plain of varying width, it is 50–100 m wide, 1(f) on valley floor, ) 4 on valley side, ) in valley alone = 1 west side/east facing, road junction, bridge point, railway, services/2 named services, river for water, woodland for fuel,

This question in 0460/22 May/June 2020

4 Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 (Insert) show two valleys in northern England. Describe the relief features of each valley. Valley in Fig. 4.1 … … … … … … … … … … … Valley in Fig. 4.2 … … … … … … … … … … [8] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 4 Fig. 4.1 8 flat floor/flood plain second mark for flat area between lakes, steep sides concave slope, straight valley, wide valley/floor, delta, U-shaped, Fig. 4.2 V-shaped (look at V in valley), steep sides, narrow valley/floor, interlocking spurs, straight slopes, Reserve 3 marks for each photograph.

This question in 0460/22 May/June 2020

1 Study the map extract for Esneux, Belgium. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 02 02 NEUPRÉ A A 01 01 B B 00 00 E F 99 99 D C 98 98 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the height above sea level of the geodetic (trigonometric) point at E … metres [1] (vi) the height above sea level of the contour at F … metres [1] (b) Find the small settlements at Tavier and Hody in the south west of the map extract. Both settlements have a church. (i) What is the straight-line distance from the church at Tavier to the church at Hody? Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) What is the compass direction from the church at Tavier to the church at Hody? … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the church at Tavier to the church at Hody. … degrees [1] (iv) Give the six-figure grid reference of the church at Tavier. … [1] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 00 from 810000 to 860000. 400 400 river 300 300 height height (metres) (metres) 200 200 100 100 0 0 810000 860000 Fig. 1.2 (i) In Fig. 1.2, use labelled arrows to show the position of: • the N633 road • the railway [2] (ii) The cross section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line in Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section. [1] (d) Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the south of the map extract. 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 96 96 ANTHISNES 95 95 94 94 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Fig. 1.3 Which three of the following statements describe the relief and drainage of the area shown in Fig. 1.3? Tick only three boxes below. Tick (3) It is an area of steep and gently sloping relief It is a mountainous area It is flat land The highest point is 250 m The area is all steeply sloping There is a flood plain The land is below 300 m There are few rivers There is a large river There is swamp or marsh [3] (e) Find the settlement of Douxflamme in the south east of the map extract. Describe the site and reasons for the growth of the settlement. … … … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (secondary) road, 1 1(a)(ii) high voltage line, 1 1(a)(iii) water tower, 1 1(a)(iv) castle, 1 1(a)(v) 258 (m), 1 1(a)(vi) 200 (m), 1 1(b)(i) 2300–2400 m, 1 1(b)(ii) south east/east-south east, 1 1(b)(iii) 111–113° 1 1(b)(iv) 752/3967, 1 1(c)(i) correct position of N633 road, 2 correct position of railway, 1(c)(ii) land rising to a summit below 250 m, 1 1(d) it is an area of steep and gently sloping relief, 3 the land is below 300 m, there are few rivers, 1(e) on valley floor, ) 4 on valley side, ) in valley alone = 1 junction of valleys, accessibility (dev.), road junction, bridge point, railway, water from river, woodland for fuel,

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2020

1 Study the map extract for Misterbianco, Italy. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the main settlement at Misterbianco in the north east of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 98 99 00 01 02 54 54 A MisterbiancoMisterbianco 53 53 D E 52 52 C B 51 51 98 99 00 01 02 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of road at A … [1] (ii) the type of road at B … [1] (iii) the height above sea level of the spot height at C … metres [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) feature E. … [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 shows two areas, A and B, in the south west of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. 4894 9648 Fatt a Tenerelli B 46 46 A Mass a Maddalena 44 92 94 Fig. 1.2 The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct six boxes. Use only one tick (3) for each row. Both these Neither of Feature Area A Area B areas these areas river flowing from south to north meandering river river flowing from north to south either flat or gently sloping steep slopes plateau [6] (c) Fig. 1.3 is a cross section through the settlement of Motta S. Anastasia, along northing 52, from 940520 to 000520. X Y 300 300 250 250 height height (metres) (metres) 200 200 150 150 0 940520 000520 Fig. 1.3 (i) Identify the feature X. … [1] (ii) Name the river at Y. … [1] (iii) In Fig. 1.3, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the settlement of Motta S. Anastasia. [1] (d) A railway in the southern part of the map extract is shown by a thin black line. Find where the railway crosses a wide river near Staz.di Motta S. Anastasia. (i) What is the distance along the railway, from where it crosses the wide river, to the eastern edge of the map? Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) What is the compass direction from where the railway crosses the wide river, to where the railway meets the eastern edge of the map? … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from where the railway crosses the wide river, to where the railway meets the eastern edge of the map. … degrees [1] (iv) Give the six-figure grid reference of the point where the railway crosses the wide river. … [1] (e) Fig. 1.4 shows two areas, area P in the north west of the map extract and area Q in the north east of the map extract just south of Misterbianco. Area P Area Q 92 94 00 02 54 54 52 52 SIELI C. Spina Santa DEI LA RT P.gio Cardillo C. Sant’Agata 52 52 50 50 92 94 00 02 Fig. 1.4 Identify: (i) the settlement pattern in area P … [1] (ii) the stream pattern in area Q. … [1] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) national main, 1 1(a)(ii) motorway, 1 1(a)(iii) 270 (metres), 1 1(a)(iv) (railway) station, 1 1(a)(v) cemetery, 1 1(b) 6 Both Neither Area A Area B these of these areas areas river flowing from south to  north meandering river  river flowing from north to  south either flat or gently sloping  steep slopes  plateau  1(c)(i) (other) road, 1 1(c)(ii) (V. ne) dei Sieli, 1 1(c)(iii) position of Motta S. Anastasia shown with an arrow between 54 mm and 1 69 mm from the left hand margin, 1(d)(i) 7700–8100 (metres), 1 1(d)(ii) east, 1 1(d)(iii) 91–94°, 1 1(d)(iv) 945/6 458/9, 1 1(e)(i) dispersed, 1 1(e)(ii) dendritic, 1

This question in 0460/21 Oct/Nov 2020

1 Study the map extract for Biancavilla, Italy. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement at S. Maria di Licodia in the south east of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 64 64 S. Maria di Licodia B C 63 63 E D A 62 62 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the name of river A … [1] (ii) the height above sea level of the spot height at B … metres [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) feature E. … [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 shows two areas, P in the south west of the map extract and Q, in the north east of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. Area P Area Q 82 84 92 94 64 64 70 70 S. B O N AC I A M R B A R A 62 62 68 68 82 84 92 94 Fig. 1.2 The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct four boxes. Use only one tick (3) for each row. Both these Neither of Feature Area P Area Q areas these areas a railway dispersed settlement dense settlement land over 900 m above sea level [4] (c) Fig. 1.3 is a cross section through the settlement of Biancavilla, from 840630 in the south west to 890670 in the north east. 600 600 Y 500 500 X 400 400 height height 300 300 (metres) (metres) 200 200 100 100 0 0 840630 890670 south west north east Fig. 1.3 (i) Identify feature X. … [1] (ii) Identify feature Y. … [1] (iii) In Fig. 1.3, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the settlement of Biancavilla. [1] (d) Find the junction of national main road 121 with another national main road in the west of the map extract. (i) What is the distance along the road, from this junction, to the south edge of the map extract? … metres [1] (ii) What is the compass direction from the road junction, to where the road meets the south edge of the map? … [1] (iii) Measure the compass bearing from the road junction, to where the road meets the south edge of the map. … degrees [1] (iv) What is the six-figure grid reference of the road junction? Tick (3) one box below. Tick (3) 822674 676876 824677 674823 827683 [1] (e) Describe the natural features of the Fiume Simeto river in the west of the map extract. … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (V. ne di) Licodia, 1 1(a)(ii) 317 (metres), 1 1(a)(iii) church, 1 1(a)(iv) cemetery, 1 1(a)(v) (national main) road, 1 1(b) 4 Area P Area Q Both these Neither of areas these areas a railway  dispersed  settlement dense settlement  land over 900 m  1(c)(i) river/Fiume Simeto, 1 1(c)(ii) (national main) road, 1 1(c)(iii) position of Biancavilla shown with an arrow between 13 mm and 30 mm from the right hand margin. Allow with an unlabelled arrow. 1 1(d)(i) 7500 – 7850 metres, 1 1(d)(ii) south east, 1 1(d)(iii) 137 – 142°, 1 1(d)(iv) 822674, 1 1(e) flows south/south south-east, (south east = 0, but allow east then south) 4 meandering/bends/curves, etc., tributary(ies)/confluence(s), variable width/lake, islands/braiding/eyots/splits and rejoins, width 50 – 100 m, gentle gradient,

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2020

5 Fig. 5.1 shows the drainage basin of the Nile River and its tributaries. The Renaissance Dam, shown in Fig. 5.1, on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia has been under construction since 2011. When completed it will be the largest HEP plant in Africa and the seventh largest in the world. Mediterranean Sea N Nile 1 N Key river Atbarah RedSea international boundary G 2 watershed Blue Nile R 1 Egypt 4 Ethiopia 2 Sudan 5 Uganda 4 3 South Sudan 6 Kenya 3 NileWhite R Renaissance Dam G Gezira Irrigation Scheme 0 600 5 6 N Lake Nasser – irrigation and HEP km Fig. 5.1 (a) What is meant by the following terms? drainage basin … … HEP … … [2] (b) Table 5.1 gives information about the three main tributaries of the Nile, shown on Fig. 5.1. Table 5.1 Tributary Discharge (m3 / s) Atbarah Average 375 Dries up from January to June Blue Nile Average 1548 June – September average 5665 April average 555 White Nile Average 878 Little variation in flow (i) Using Table 5.1, explain why the Blue Nile gives a better water supply than the other two tributaries. … … … … [2] (ii) Using information from Table 5.1, give a reason why a dam was built on the Blue Nile. … … [1] (c) (i) Which two countries shown on Fig. 5.1 were most worried about the building of the Renaissance Dam? 1 … 2 … [1] (ii) Give reasons for your answer to (c)(i). … … … … [2] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 5(a) catchment area/area drained by a river, 2 hydroelectric (power)/hydroelectricity/description of HEP production, 5(b)(i) high(er)(est) (average) discharge/flow, (allow for part of year) 2 Atbarah dries up/Blue Nile doesn’t dry up, 5(b)(ii) large flow variation, 1 collect water from June to September high flows, 5(c)(i) Egypt and Sudan, 1 5(c)(ii) they are downstream of the dam, 2 may reduce their water flow/supply, HEP schemes affected, irrigation/agriculture affected, navigation affected, tourism affected,

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2020

1 Study the map extract for Taormina, Italy. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement at Calatabiano in the south west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 19 20 21 22 88 88 E B 87 87 C A Calatabiano 86 86 A D 85 85 B 84 84 19 20 21 22 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the name of river E … [1] (b) Using the map key, identify one tourist activity available within 2 km of the main settlement of Taormina. … [1] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 90, through the settlement of Gaggi, from 180900 to 220900. X 400 400 300 300 metres above metres above sea level sea level 200 200 100 100 0 0 180900 220900 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify feature X. … [1] (ii) In Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the settlement of Gaggi. [1] (iii) The cross section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line in Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section. [1] (d) Find Capo Taormina, on the coast near the settlement of Taormina. (i) What is the distance along the coastline from the end of Capo Taormina to the south edge of the map? Tick one box below. Tick (✓) 5500 metres 6500 metres 7500 metres 8500 metres 9500 metres [1] (ii) What is the compass bearing from the end of Capo Taormina, to the coastline at the south edge of the map? Tick one box below. Tick (✓) 38° 41° 44° 221° 225° [1] (e) Fig. 1.3 shows two areas, P in the south of the map extract and Q in the north east of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. Area P Area Q 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 88 88 96 96 87 87 95 95 Gallodoro Capo Schisò 86 86 94 94 85 85 93 93 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 Fig. 1.3 The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct four boxes. Use only one tick (✓) for each row. Area P Area Q Both these Neither of areas these areas flat land land over 500 m a national main road plateau a mountain bike route [5] (f) Fig. 1.4 shows an area in the north west of the map extract. 18 19 20 21 96 96 95 95 94 94 Graniti 93 93 92 92 18 19 20 21 Fig. 1.4 Describe the relief of this area. … … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) motorway, 1 1(a)(ii) railway, 1 1(a)(iii) funicular, 1 1(a)(iv) lava (flow), 1 1(a)(v) (T. S.) Venera, 1 1(b) nature reserve, 1 dive sites/diving, climbing, hang-gliding/paragliding, mountain biking, 1(c)(i) railway, 1 1(c)(ii) position of Gaggi shown with an arrow between 25 mm and 35 mm from the 1 left hand margin, 1(c)(iii) section completed with land rising in the east but not dropping below 200 m, 1 1(d)(i) 8500 metres, 1 1(d)(ii) 221° 1 1(e) 5 Neither of Both these Area P Area Q these areas areas flat land  land over 500 m  a national main road  plateau  a mountain bike route  1(f) high/hills/hilly/mountain, 4 valley, V shaped, narrow (valley), ridge/spur, 888 m/886 m/over 800 m/900 m, steep slopes, tributaries/dissected, lowest 150–200 m, higher in N/NW/NE/lower in S,

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2020

3 Figs. 3.1 and 3.2 (Insert) show two rivers. (a) For Figs. 3.1 and 3.2, name the process of river transport shown and describe the material being transported as the river’s load. Fig. 3.1 Process of transport … River’s load … Fig. 3.2 Process of transport … River’s load … [4] (b) Suggest which part of the river’s course is shown in Fig. 3.2. … [1] (c) Explain how meanders form on a river. … … … … … … … [3] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) traction/bed load/rolling, 4 rocks/boulders/stones, suspension, mud/silt/clay/(fine) sediment, 3(b) lower/middle course 1 3(c) helicoidal flow, 3 faster flow on outer side/concave or slower flow on inner side/convex, erosion on outer, deposition on inner, meanders grow/neck thins,

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2020

1 Study the map extract for Fortuniès, France. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement of Collanges in the south of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 85 86 87 88 89 03 03 B A E 02 02 D 01 01 C 00 00 85 86 87 88 89 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) the name of river B … [1] (iii) land use at C … [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the height above sea level of the spot height at E. … metres [1] (b) A person travels on the footpath from the north of the river outside Collanges (863013) to the junction with the footpath south east of les Ginestes (855022). (i) In which overall compass direction does the person travel? … [1] (ii) What distance does the person travel along the footpath? … metres [1] (iii) How many metres does the person climb? Circle one correct answer below. 802 m 902 m 102 m 112 m [1] (c) Fig. 1.2 shows the location of two grid squares in the east of the map extract. These are square 8802 at Lac de Sauvages and square 8902 at Peyre del Cayre. Study the two areas and answer the question below. 88 89 90 03 03 Lac de Sauvages Peyre del Cayre 02 02 88 89 90 Fig. 1.2 The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks (3) in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. square 8802 square 8902 at neither of these at Lac de both these areas Peyre del Cayre areas Sauvages parking steep slopes area liable to flooding land over 1200 m above sea level church [5] (d) Fig. 1.3 is a cross-section along northing 025 from 860025 to 890025, passing through the village of Sauvages. A B 1300 1300 metres metres above above 1200 1200sea level sea level 1100 1100 1000 1000 900 900 860025 890025 Fig. 1.3 (i) Identify the feature at A. … [1] (ii) Identify the feature at B. … [1] (iii) The cross-section shown on Fig. 1.3 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.3 to complete the cross-section. [1] (e) Find the settlement of Dienne in the south west of the map extract. Using the map extract, describe the site and give reasons for the growth of the settlement. … … … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) main road, 1 1(a)(ii) Santoire, 1 1(a)(iii) coniferous woodland, 1 1(a)(iv) leisure area, 1 1(a)(v) 1150 (metres), 1 1(b)(i) north west, 1 1(b)(ii) 1350–1650 (metres), 1 1(b)(iii) 102 (metres) 1 1(c) 5 Both Neither Square Square these of these 8802 8902 areas areas parking  steep slopes  area liable to  flooding land over 1200 m  church  1(d)(i) (main) road/D3, 1 1(d)(ii) Lac de Sauvages/lake/body of water, 1 1(d)(iii) rising to above 1200 m then falling, 1 1(e) low/in valley, 4 gentle/flat qualified, above lowest land/flooding, road junction, bridge point, river for water supply/transport, skiing, footpath for tourism/monument for tourism, woodland for fuel/construction, refuge hut/overnight stop/gite,

This question in 0460/22 Feb/March 2021

1 Study the map extract for Laveissière, France. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north east of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 85 86 87 88 89 00 00 le Peyrac Sagne de Breuil 99 99 A D 98 98 B C 97 97 85 86 87 88 89 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) type of area at B … [1] (iii) land use at C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the spot height at D. … metres [1] (b) A person travels along the road from the northern edge of the map to the junction with the D139 at la Chevade. (i) How far do they travel? Circle your answer in the list below. 3250 m 3850 m 4150 m 4750 m [1] (ii) In which compass direction does the person travel? … [1] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a north to south cross-section along easting 860 from 860980 to 860950. North South Road N122 A 1300 1300 level level 1200 1200 sea sea above 1100 1100 above 1000 1000 metres metres 900 900 860980 860950 Fig. 1.2 (i) Name the feature at A. … [1] (ii) On Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show a position of the D139 road. [1] (iii) The cross-section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section. [2] (d) Fig. 1.3 is an area in the north of the map extract. 83 84 85 86 99 99 Le Pré Soubro 98 98 83 84 85 86 Fig. 1.3 Which three of the following statements describe the relief and drainage of the area shown on Fig. 1.3? Tick (3) only three boxes below. Tick (3) it is flat land it has south-facing slopes there are many rivers it is a mountainous area it has gentle slopes highest point is above 1400 metres there is a large lake there are seasonal rivers [3] (e) Laveissière is a settlement in the south of the map extract. (i) Describe the site of the settlement of Laveissière. … … … … … … … … [4] (ii) Identify the services provided for tourists in the settlement of Laveissière. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer ` 1(a) (main) road/D3, 1 1(a)(ii) liable to flood, 1 1(a)(iii) brushwood, 1 1(a)(iv) 1246 (metres), (allow 1248) 1 1(b) 3850 metres, 1 1(b)(ii) south east, 1 1(c)(i) river/stream/canal, 1 1(c)(ii) one correctly located position of road either 29–31 mm or 42–44 mm from 1 right hand margin, 1(c)(iii) rise–fall–rise from north, 2 summit plotted between 8 mm and 16 mm from left hand margin, 1(d) highest point is above 1400 m, 3 it is a mountainous area, there are seasonal rivers, 1(e)(i) in valley, 4 near river/lake/canal/body of water, slightly higher than river, along (D139) road, gentle slope/avoids steep/ flat qualified, sheltered, 900–1000 m, 1(e)(ii) parking, 3 leisure area, tennis, campsite, swimming pool, footpath(s),

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2021

5 Study Fig. 5.1 (Insert), which is a photograph of a meander in a river. (a) (i) Fig. 5.2 shows a cross-section of the river from A to B in Fig. 5.1. Look at labels (V, W and X) on Fig. 5.2 and answer the question below. V W X A B Fig. 5.2 Using Figs. 5.1 and 5.2, tick (3) the correct answers in the box below. Place one tick (3) on each row. V W X area of deposition area of erosion [2] (ii) Using Fig. 5.1 (Insert), state one piece of evidence that erosion is occurring. … [1] (b) Which two of the following are likely to reduce river flooding? Tick (3) two correct answers below. Tick (3) steep slopes gentle slopes heavy rainfall frozen ground tree planting deforestation urbanisation [2] (c) Suggest three reasons why people live close to rivers. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 5(a)(i) area of deposition V, 2 area of erosion X, 5(a)(ii) slumping of slope/debris slope/landslide, 1 layers disturbed/exposed, trees falling, 5(b) gentle slopes, 2 tree planting, 5(c) fertile land/alluvial soil/good for farming, 3 transport/trade, water supply, flat(ter) land, bridge point, fishing,

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2021

1 Study the map extract for Thiezac, France. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement of le Croizet in the south of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 75 76 77 78 86 86 B A D Rvoir 85 85 C 84 84 F E 83 83 75 76 77 78 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) land use at E … [1] (vi) the height above sea level of the spot height at F. … metres [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 is a cross-section along northing 85 from 720850 to 750850. 1200 1200 1100 1100 1000 1000 metres metres Confolens above above sea level sea level 900 900 800 800 700 700 720850 750850 Fig. 1.2 (i) On Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the N122 road. [1] (ii) The cross-section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section. [2] (c) Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the west of the map extract. A person walks on the footpath (shown by a red line) from Lagat (730856), north west of Thiezac, to Cascade de Faillitoux (722866), east of the river north-north east of Lasmolineries. 72 73 74 87 87 Cascade de Faillitoux 86 86 Lagat 85 85 72 73 74 Fig. 1.3 (i) In which overall direction does the person travel? Tick (3) one box below. tick (3) south east south west north west north east [1] (ii) What is the distance travelled along the footpath from Lagat to Cascade de Faillitoux? Tick (3) one box below. tick (3) 1010 metres 1600 metres 2010 metres 2300 metres [1] (iii) The table below shows the features in the area. Which two features will the person pass on the footpath? Complete the table by putting ticks (3) in the correct two boxes. tick (3) steep slopes lake reservoir deciduous woodland coniferous woodland [2] (iv) Measure the bearing from the spot height of 1096 metres at Lagat (730856) to Cascade de Faillitoux (722866). … degrees [1] (d) Fig. 1.4 shows the location of two grid squares in the west of the map extract. These are square 7085 at la Rochere and 7185 at Lasmolineries. Study the area and answer the questions on the next page. 70 71 72 86 86 la Rochere Lasmolineries 85 85 70 71 72 Fig. 1.4 Describe the relief and drainage of this area. Relief … … … … … … … … Drainage … … … … … … … … [6] [Total: 20] TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) railway, 1 1(a)(ii) place of interest, 1 1(a)(iii) rock escarpment, 1 1(a)(iv) reservoir, 1 1(a)(v) deciduous woodland, 1 1(a)(vi) 1224 (metres), 1 1(b)(i) road labelled 23–25 mm from right hand edge of section, 1 1(b)(ii) rises and falls from left hand edge of section, 2 peak more than 1150 m and less than 1200 m, 1(c)(i) north west, 1 1(c)(ii) 2300 (metres), 1 1(c)(iii) steep slopes, 2 deciduous woodland, 1(c)(iv) 316–326 (degrees), 1 1(d) Relief: 6 high/mountains/hills, steep, valley(s), V shaped valley(s), 1236 metres, (rock) escarpment/bare rock, higher in north/north west/lower in south, spur(s)/ridge(s), concave/convex slopes, Drainage: narrow/small streams/rivers/cascades, seasonal rivers, flow south, 3 streams/rivers/cascades, parallel, Reserve 1 mark for each part.

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2021

1 Study the map extract for Pluneret, France. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the south west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 00 01 02 EE 81 81 AA CC FF DD 80 80 BB 7900 01 0279 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) the type of road at B … [1] (iii) the height above sea level of the contour at C … metres [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the land use at E. … [1] (b) Give the six-figure grid reference of the traffic roundabout (circle) at F, shown in Fig. 1.1. … [1] (c) Identify two services provided for tourists within 1 km of the centre of Ste-Anne-d’Auray. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Look at the part of the D19 road that runs from the north edge of the map extract to the junction with the D102 road at Ste-Anne-d’Auray (032834). (i) What is the distance along this section of road? Tick (3) one box below. tick (3) 2250 metres 2450 metres 2650 metres 2850 metres [1] (ii) What is the compass direction from the point where the D19 road meets the north edge of the map to the junction with the D102 road at Ste-Anne-d’Auray? … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the point where the D19 road meets the north edge of the map to the junction with the D102 road at Ste-Anne-d’Auray. … degrees [1] (e) Fig. 1.2 is a cross-section along northing 82 from 000820 to 020820. X Y 50 50 40 40 metres above metres above 30 30 sea level sea level 20 20 10 10 0 0 000820 020820 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify the feature at X. … [1] (ii) Identify the feature at Y. … [1] (iii) The cross-section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section. [1] (f) Look at the main river which crosses the map extract and passes through the town of Pluneret. Describe the physical (natural) features of the river and its valley. Do not refer to land use beside the river. River … … … … … … … … … Valley … … … … … … [6] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) railway, 1 1(a)(ii) regional/D road/D765, 1 1(a)(iii) 25 (metres), 1 1(a)(iv) hospital, 1 1(a)(v) moor, 1 1(b) 004802, 1 1(c) tourist information centre, 2 campsite, place of interest, hiking route, (notable) monument, 1(d)(i) 2 650 metres, 1 1(d)(ii) south east, 1 1(d)(iii) 127–130 °C, 1 1(e)(i) road/secondary road, 1 1(e) (ii) river/boundary/Le Loch, 1 1(e) (iii) land rising to between 25 and 40 m, 1 1(f) River 6 flows south/from north, variable width, meanders, tributaries/confluence, island, tidal/mud flats, lake, Valley steep (sides), narrow(er) in north/upper course/wide(r) in centre/middle course, flat (floor)/flood plain, winding, spurs, V shaped, Reserve 1 mark for each part. Allow points for each part anywhere in the answer.

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2021

1 Study the map extract for St-Paul-de-Salers, France. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement of St-Paul-de-Salers in the west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 61 62 63 64 65 99 99 St-Paul-de- Salers 98 98 D A 97 97 B C E 96 96 61 62 63 64 65 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) features at B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the hazard at D … [1] (v) the height above sea level of the triangulation station (trigonometric point) at E. … metres [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 is a cross-section along easting 65 from 650010 to 650980. North South 1300 1300 level 1200 1200 level sea sea 1100 1100 above above 1000 1000 900 900metres metres 800 800 650010 650980 Fig. 1.2 (i) On Fig. 1.2, use labelled arrows to show the position of: • the D680 road • the river Maronne. [2] (ii) The cross-section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section. [2] (c) Fig. 1.3 shows two areas, A and B, in the central part of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. 65 66 98 98 A 97 97 B Malrieu 96 96 65 66 Fig. 1.3 The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick (3) for each row. both of neither of feature area A area B these areas these areas river flowing from south to north steep slopes land above 1300 metres plateau south-facing slopes [5] (d) Look at the D37 road in the eastern area of the map that runs from the road junction in Col de Néronne (6700) to the refuge hut in Récusset (6898). (i) What is the distance along the road from the cross roads in Col de Néronne to the refuge hut in Récusset? … metres [1] (ii) Measure the bearing from the cross roads in Col de Néronne to the refuge hut in Récusset. … degrees [1] (e) Look at the settlement at St-Paul-de-Salers (6198 and 6298) in the west of the map extract. Describe the site and suggest reasons for the growth of the settlement. … … … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) church, 1 1(a)(ii) place of interest, 1 1(a)(iii) road/D135, 1 1(a)(iv) (area liable to) flooding, 1 1(a)(v) 1081(m), 1 1(b)(i) D680 21–24 mm from left, 2 River Maronne 49–52 mm from left, 1(b)(ii) rising then falling 2 summit 1250–1280 m, 1(c) 5 Both Neither of Feature Area A Area B these these areas areas river flowing from south to  north steep slopes  land above 13 00 metres  plateau  south facing slopes  1(d)(i) 3000–3350 (metres), 1 1(d)(ii) 165–170 (°), 1 1(e) valley/low, 4 bridging point, road junction, above river/flooding, river/lake for water supply, woods for construction/fuel, monument/place of interest for tourism, quarry, north west facing, churches therefore religious centre,

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2021

1 Study the map extract for Lochwinnoch, Scotland. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 31 32 33 34 35 61 61 60 60 B FB C 59 59 Garpel E Bridge Glenlora Bridge A D 58 58 31 32 33 34 35 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) the land use at C … [1] (iv) the name of settlement D … [1] (v) the height above sea level of the spot height (survey height) at E. … metres [1] (b) Fig. 1.1 shows the locations of Glenlora Bridge and Garpel Bridge. (i) Using the map extract, measure how far it is along the road from Glenlora Bridge to Garpel Bridge. … metres [1] (ii) Measure the bearing from Glenlora Bridge to Garpel Bridge. … degrees [1] (c) Using the map extract, describe the drainage in the area shown in Fig. 1.1. … … … … … … … … … … [5] (d) Fig. 1.2 is a cross-section along northing 615 from 380615 to 410615. Crossflat 100 Hill X 100 75 75 metres metres above above 50 50sea level sea level 25 25 0 0 380615 410615 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify the feature at X. … [1] (ii) On Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the main road. [1] (iii) The cross-section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section. [1] (e) Find the settlement of Howwood in the east of the map extract. Using map evidence suggest reasons for the growth of the settlement. … … … … … … … … … … [5] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) road/main road 1 1(a)(ii) footbridge 1 1(a)(iii) coniferous trees/bracken/heath/rough grassland 1 1(a)(iv) Gavilmoss 1 1(a)(v) 202 (metres) 1 1(b)(i) 1500–1600 (metres) 1 1(b)(ii) 72–78 (degrees) 1 1(c) large/main river Calder; 5 river Calder flows SE; river Calder meanders/bends; (many) small rivers/tributaries/streams/affluents/burns; flow E/SE (from W/NW)/flow S (from N/NE); waterfalls; springs; ponds/lakes; V-shaped valley; 1(d)(i) traffic-free cycle route 1 1(d)(ii) 105–109 mm from left hand margin or 11–15 mm from right hand margin 1 1(d)(iii) hill rising to between 87 m to  100 m then dropping 1 1(e) gentle slope; 5 defensive site (castle remains); sheltered in valley; bridging point; railway (station) for travel/transport/commuting; road/river for travel/transport/goods; river for tourism/fishing/water source/water supply/drinking/washing/wet- point site; well for water source/water supply/drinking/washing river/floodplain creating fertile land for agriculture; wood for timber/building materials;

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2022

1 Study the map extract for Irvine, Scotland. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around Irvine. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions that follow. 31 32 33 34 40 40 D A 39 39 B C E G F 38 38 31 32 33 34 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of road at A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the contour line at D. … metres [1] (b) Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract. (i) Using the map extract, measure the distance along the railway line from the railway station at E (317386) to the southern edge of the map extract. … metres [1] (ii) Measure the bearing from the railway station at E to feature C. … degrees [1] (iii) Using map evidence, describe the housing and street pattern in Fullarton (3138 and 3238), area F on Fig. 1.1. … … … … … … [3] (iv) Using map evidence, suggest reasons for the location of the industrial estate (3338), area G on Fig. 1.1. … … … … … … [3] (c) Describe the human and physical (natural) features of the River Garnock which flows in the west of the map extract. Human features … … … … … … … … … … Physical features … … … … … … … … … … [8] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) A78/main road/dual carriageway/by-pass 1 1(a)(ii) Museum 1 1(a)(iii) Hotel/building (if using key alone) 1 1(a)(iv) 20 (metres) 1 1(b)(i) 1530–1580 metres 1 1(b)(ii) 87–93 (degrees) 1 1(b)(iii) detached/separate; 3 semi-detached/joined/rows/terraced/blocks(of houses); dense/compact/clustered/nucleated; back gardens/yards/large plots; curved roads/streets/crescents/oval/circular; cul-de-sac/dead end roads; housing 1 mark reserve street pattern 1 mark reserve 1(b)(iv) large area/room for expansion; 3 flat/gentle land; near road junction, access to main road/dual carriageway; near town/housing/Irvine for labour; near town/housing/Irvine for market; industrial estates nearby for components/exchange of ideas; river for water supply/cleaning or dumping waste; cheaper land on edge of urban area/flooding; 1(c) Human: 8 weirs; bridges; footbridge; straightened; jetty/dock/quay; physical: tidal; estuary; meanders/bends/curves (or description); mud/sand/shingle/deposition; mouth at Irvine Bay/Bar; bar (mouth at Irvine Bar = 2); overall flow to S/SE/SSE or from N/NW/NNW or SW then SE then SW; braided channel/splits and rejoins /island /eyot; tributaries/confluence (or description e.g., rivers joining); flows on gentle/low/flat land/channel gradient; variable width; levee/embankment (allow as either a human or physical feature) 2 mark reserve for human/physical

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2022

1 Study the map extract for Largs, Scotland. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the south of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 22 23 24 25 58 58 B FB A 57 57 C E D 56 56 22 23 24 25 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) the name of river C … [1] (iv) the land use at D … [1] (v) the height above sea level of the spot height (survey height) at E. … metres [1] (b) Study the map extract. (i) Using the map extract, measure the distance along the A760 from the parking in grid square 2158 to the parking in grid square 2357. … metres [1] (ii) Measure the bearing from the parking in grid square 2158 to the parking in grid square 2357. … degrees [1] (iii) Describe the distribution of trees to the south of the A760. … … … … … … [3] (c) Using the map extract identify three services provided for the population of the town of Largs. Do not include tourist attractions. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (d) Find the main river, the Gogo Water, in the north of the map. Describe the physical features of the river and its valley. River … … … … … … … … Valley … … … … … … … … [7] [Total: 20] TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) A760/main road 1 1(a)(ii) Footbridge/building(s)/non–coniferous trees/Fechan/Fechan Bridge. 1 1(a)(iii) Kel Burn 1 1(a)(iv) Coniferous trees/coniferous forest 1 1(a)(v) 344 (metres) 1 1(b)(i) 3000–3200 metres 1 1(b)(ii) 97–103 (degrees) 1 1(b)(iii) Uneven distribution/no pattern/not evenly distributed; 3 More/dense/large amount in W/SW/less/sparse/small amount in E/SE; On steep (area/slope(s))/less/widely dispersed/scattered on flat(ter) land/gentle(r) (area/slope(s)); Along slopes/linear; Mostly below 200 m (accept <100 m for lower value)/very little above 200m; Along/near rivers/tributaries/valleys/glens/burns/valley sides; Parallel/close to coast in SW/grid square 2156; Lower slopes of Ward Hill; Along A760/the road; East of castle (Kelburn)/in Kelburn Glen/River/largest area around Kelburn Glen/grid square 2256. 1(c) School/academy; 3 Hospital; Place of worship/place of worship with spire/minaret/dome; (allow specific type of place of worship) Police station; Fire station; Library; Public conveniences/toilets; Club house/golf club/golf course; (Railway) station; Parking; Cemetery; Marina; Recreational route/National Trail; Ferry. 1(d) River: 7 Source in NE/E/mouth in W/NW; Flows to W/from NE/E; (Many, small) tributaries/confluences/affluents (or description e.g., rivers joining); Variable width/gets wider/narrower/widens; 25–35m wide (at its widest); Steep gradient; Meanders/bends/curves/zigzags/winds; Straight(ened) (channel) to the west/as it goes through Largs; Flows across the beach/sand/shingle (at mouth); Waterfall(s). Valley: Steep valley/sides/gorge; Gentle(r)(est) (valley side) in the west/in Largs/lower course/flat in Largs/steeper(est) in middle/upper course; Narrow (valley) floor/bottom; Narrower (valley) in east/upper course/wider in west/lower course; V shaped; Interlocking spurs; Streams running down (valley) sides/tributary valleys/source of tributaries/joins another valley; Meanders/bends/curves/zigzags/winds; Steeper north facing slope; Outcrops/scree/vertical face/cliff.

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2022

1 Study the map extract for Southannan Sands, Scotland. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features toward the north of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 21 22 23 55 55 FB B E A 54 54 D C 53 53 21 22 23 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the name of the river at A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) the land use at C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the spot height (triangulation pillar) at D. … metres [1] (b) Look at the railway line which runs to the south from the railway station at E shown on Fig. 1.1. (i) Give the six-figure grid reference of the railway station at E shown on Fig. 1.1. … [1] (ii) What is the distance along the railway line from the railway station at E to the southern edge of the map extract? … kilometres [1] (iii) What is the bearing from the railway station at E to the end of the railway line at the southern edge of the map extract? … degrees [1] (c) Identify three tourist attractions shown on the map extract. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (d) Describe the types and distribution of vegetation shown on the map extract. … … … … … … … … [4] (e) Describe the drainage pattern east of easting 21 shown on the map extract. … … … … … … … … … … … … [6] [Total: 20] TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) Southannan Burn 1 1(a)(ii) Footbridge 1 1(a)(iii) Coniferous trees and non-coniferous trees/vegetation/woods /mixed woods. 1 1(a)(iv) 387 (metres) 1 1(b)(i) 210546 1 1(b)(ii) 3.88 (kilometres) Accept 3.75–3.95 (kilometres). 1 Allow 3750–3950 m providing metres is clearly stated. 1(b)(iii) 190 (degrees) Accept 187–193 (degrees) 1 1(c) Picnic site; 3 Walks/trails/(Ayrshire) coastal path/recreational route/national trail; Fishing/reservoirs/dam; Waterfalls; Castle (remains); Toilets/public conveniences; Southannan Sands/beach; Pier; Cup and Ring-marked Rock. Credit any 3 correct responses. 1(d) Trees/woodland/coniferous/non-coniferous; 4 FOUND: To the west/western facing slopes/less to the east; On steep slopes; At base of slope/ between A78 road and railway/along A78/along railway; Below 150 m (allow any figure between 140 m and 160 m); In flat(ter) area in SW/SSW / near Hunterston House/Castle; Along river valley(s); Orchards/most non coniferous trees in SSW/SW/west of A78/railway; Coniferous trees east of A78/railway; Scrub/bracken/heath/rough grassland; FOUND: Throughout the area/across the whole map/to the east/centre; Above 75–80 m/on high land/hilly/mountainous areas; Near Hunterston House/Castle. Vegetation types alone max. 2; Distribution max. 3. and must refer to a vegetation type. Can be 3 marks for one vegetation type. 1(e) Small/narrow rivers/streams/burns; 6 (Many) tributaries/confluences/affluents/join small rivers/burns; Meanders; (Streams have) steep gradients; Radial pattern; Dendritic pattern; Waterfalls; Flowing into/have mouth at reservoirs; Large(r) stream/river flows out of the reservoir (Knockendon); Bogs; Generally drains to the S/SSW/SW/SSE/SE/flow to southern edge of map/drain from the north; Except in the N, where drains to W/WNW.

This question in 0460/22 Feb/March 2023

1 Study the map extract for Kilmarnock, Scotland. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around Kilmaurs. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 40 41 42 42 42 A E D F 41 41 B C 40 40 40 41 42 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of road at A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) the land use at C … [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the height above sea level of the contour line at E. … metres [1] (b) Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract. (i) Using the map extract, measure the distance along the railway line from the railway station at Kilmaurs (F) to the railway station at Kilmarnock. … km [1] (ii) Measure the bearing from the railway station at Kilmaurs (F) to the railway station at Kilmarnock. … degrees [1] (iii) What is the six-figure grid reference for the railway station at Kilmarnock? … [1] (c) Annanhill Golf Course (4137) is in the south-west of the map extract. (i) Which two of the following statements are true about the location of Annanhill Golf Course? Tick (3) two boxes below. tick (3) it has a north-west-facing slope it has a south-east-facing slope it has a south-west-facing slope it is in the CBD it is in the rural-urban fringe it is in the countryside [2] (ii) Using map evidence, suggest reasons for the location of the large leisure facility, Annanhill Golf Course. … … … … … … [3] (d) Describe the human and physical (natural) features of the River Irvine, which flows in the south of the map extract. Human features … … … … … … … … … … Physical features … … … … … … … … … … [7] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) A735/A road/main road. 1 1(a)(ii) Place of worship/church with tower. 1 1(a)(iii) Non-coniferous trees/coppice/scrub/plantation/Long walk plantation. 1 1(a)(iv) Mast. 1 1(a)(v) 80 (metres). 1 1(b)(i) 3.6 kilometres (accept 3.5–3.7 km). 1 1(b)(ii) 146 (degrees) (accept 144−147). 1 1(b)(iii) 426382/427382. 1 1(c)(i) It has a South-east facing slope; 2 It is in the rural-urban fringe. 1(c)(ii)  (Large area of) open land/space/not many buildings around; 3  Cheaper land on outskirts/rural-urban fringe;  Flatter/gently sloping relief (suits golf);  Lowland;  Close to settlement for customers/market/supplies;  Near to a road. 1(d) Human: 7  Weirs;  Bridges/footbridge;  Cutting/embankments/levees;  Path. Note: can also credit levees under physical for reserve mark. Physical (natural):  Meanders;  Overall flow to west/west-south-west;  Confluence(s)/tributary(s);  Gentle gradient;  Widens/variable width;  Wide/20−30 m wide;  Straighter in west/south-west of map extract / more meanders in east/south-east of map extract. Note: 1 mark reserve for human/physical (natural).

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2023

4 Table 4.1 gives the definitions of some terms used in the study of rivers and drainage basins. Table 4.1 letter definition A when a gas (water vapour) turns to liquid B where two rivers meet C a stream which feeds into a larger stream or river D the highest point of land which divides drainage basins E when liquid turns into gas (water vapour) (a) For each of the following terms give the letter for the correct definition from Table 4.1: letter watershed tributary evaporation [3] (b) Fig. 4.1 shows the discharge for two rivers. Both rivers receive the same amount of rainfall at the same time. A B discharge time heavy rainfall Fig. 4.1 (i) Compare the discharge of river A with river B in Fig. 4.1. … … … … [2] (ii) Using Fig. 4.1, suggest three ways in which the drainage basins of river A and river B differ. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 4(a) D 3 C E 4(b)(i)  A starts at a lower level/discharge/B starts at higher level/discharge; 2  A rises more quickly/B rises more slowly;  A is a higher level / B is a lower level;  A falls more quickly/B falls more slowly;  A drops to a lower level/discharge/B drops to a higher level/discharge; Note: must be comparative. 4(b)(ii)  A is deforested/B has vegetation; 3  A has steeper slopes/B has gentler slopes;  A has more streams/B has fewer streams;  A has impermeable surfaces (e.g., concrete)/B has permeable surfaces (e.g., grass);  A is urbanised/B is rural/countryside;  A is a circular/wide basin/B is a narrow basin;  A is a larger basin as it has the higher peak discharge/B is a smaller basin as it has a lower peak discharge/A is a smaller basin as it has shorter lag time/B is a larger basin as it has a longer lag time.

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2023

1 Study the map extract for West Kilbride, Scotland. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in West Kilbride. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions. 20 21 22 49 49 F B C 48 48 E D A 47 47 20 21 22 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of road at A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the contour at D … metres [1] (v) the land use at E. … [1] (b) Study the railway line which runs north to south from the railway station at F shown on the map extract. (i) Give the six‑figure grid reference of the railway station at F shown on Fig. 1.1. … [1] (ii) What is the distance along the railway line from the railway station at F to the southern edge of the map extract? … km [1] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross‑section along northing 495 from 170495 to 200495. 80 X Y 80 60 60 metres metres above 40 40 above sea level sea level 20 20 sea 170495 200495 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify the feature at X. … [1] (ii) Identify the feature at Y. … [1] (iii) The cross‑section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross‑section. [1] (d) Look at the coastline on the western side of the map extract. (i) Identify four tourist attractions along the coastline. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] (ii) Describe the physical (natural) features of the coastline shown on the map extract. … … … … … … [3] (e) Describe how relief has affected the route of the railway line. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) B road/secondary road/B7047. 1 1(a)(ii) Church/place of worship with spire/minaret/dome. 1 1(a)(iii) Mast. 1 1(a)(iv) 85 (metres). 1 1(a)(v) Non-coniferous trees/woods/forest/vegetation. 1 1(b)(i) 208/9483/4. 1 1(b)(ii) 2.53 (km) (accept 2.4–2.6 km or 2400–2600 m). 1 1(c)(i) (Carlung) farm/building(s)/other road/drive/track. 1 1(c)(ii) A road/A78/main road. 1 1(c)(iii) Rises to a hill at/just above 60 m above sea level (allow 55–64 m). 1 1(d)(i) Castle; 4 Pier; Picnic site; Golf Club/course; Coastal path/National Trail/Recreational route; Public house/pub; Hotel; Beach. 1(d)(ii) Island(s)/rocks (in sea)/offshore rocks/stack(s)/stump(s)/craig/crag; 3 Sand(y)/sand & shingle/beach(es); Loose rock(s)/boulders/(rock) outcrop/wave-cut platform; Headland; Bay; Raised beach; Cliff/vertical face; (Jenny’s) dyke/(Sandy’s) creek. 1(e) Follows/along/through valley/on valley floor; 3 (Height mark) keeps to low(er) land/base of hills/avoids high(er) land/curves around/along the side of/avoids hill(s); (Gradient mark) keeps to gentle gradient/flatter land/on flat land between Drummilling and Law Hill/curves around/avoids steep(er) slopes/parallel to slopes; Follows coastline in the south.

This question in 0460/22 May/June 2023

1 Study the map extract for Cunninghame, Scotland. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the south west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract. 21 22 23 63 63 G A F E 62 62 C D FB B 61 61 21 22 23 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of road at A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) the land use at C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the spot height (survey height) at D. … metres above sea level [1] (v) the name of the settlement at E … [1] (vi) the name of the river at F. … [1] (b) Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract. What is the six‑figure grid reference for the settlement of Craigton, shown as G on Fig. 1.1? … [1] (c) Identify two tourist facilities shown on the map extract. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Study the map extract and Fig. 1.2 which shows an area in the east of the map. 24 25 26 65 65 64 64 Burn Burnt Hill Black Slanger Burn 63 63 24 25 26 Fig. 1.2 Which four of the following statements are true about the area? Tick (✓) four boxes. tick (✓) there are villages there are no settlements highest point is 489 metres above sea level highest point is 485 metres above sea level gradients are steep gradients are gentle there are waterfalls there is a flood plain no rivers flow above 475 metres above sea level many rivers flow above 475 metres above sea level (e) Look at the main river (Noddsdale Water) which flows in the west of the map extract. Describe the physical (natural) features of the river and its valley. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [7] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) Road less than 4 m wide. 1 1(a)(ii) Footbridge. 1 1(a)(iii) Coniferous/non-coniferous trees/woodland/forest. 1 1(a)(iv) 288 (metres above sea level). 1 1(a)(v) Middleton. 1 1(a)(vi) Whitlie Burn. 1 1(b) 218626/5. 1 1(c) Fishing; 2 Parking: Picnic site; Recreational route. 1(d) There are no settlements; 4 Highest point is 489 metres above sea level; Gradients are steep; No rivers flow above 475 metres above sea level. 1(e) Flows SW/ then SSW/S OR SW/SSW (overall); or opposite e.g., from 7 NE; Steep gradient/variable gradient; Waterfall; River width varies/wider downstream/wider in S/SW/narrower in N/ NE; (Joined by) tributaries/confluences/affluents; More tributaries on western/north-western side; Meanders/curves/bends/zig-zags; Narrow valley floor/V shaped valley; Steep (sided) valley; Deep valley/gorge; Steeper on eastern/south-eastern side; Trees/woodland/forest; Bracken/heath/rough grassland. Note: Reserve 1 mark for each of valley and river.

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2023

4 Study Figs. 4.1 and 4.2, which show information about an area of flooding in England, UK, an MEDC. 0 10 M5 km N Bristol Channel Mendip Hills River SOMERSET Parrett LEVELS Bridgwater Quantock Hills Taunton River Parrett Tone River M5 Key town M5 motorway Fig. 4.1 The Somerset Levels is an area of low‑lying land in south west England. From December 2013 to February 2014 the area was affected by severe flooding causing many farms to be cut off. Homes were flooded and many residents were evacuated as the flood water also mixed with sewage. It had been the wettest January since records began. After the flood water went down, a large‑scale dredging project was undertaken to remove the silt which had been washed up the river from the Bristol Channel. A tidal barrier has been proposed to be built north of Bridgwater on the River Parrett. This will have gates that will close to prevent high tides flowing upstream from the Bristol Channel. Fig. 4.2 (a) (i) Identify the tributary of the River Parrett shown in Fig. 4.1. … [1] (ii) Using Fig. 4.2, identify four physical factors which led to the flooding of the Somerset Levels. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … [4] (b) Suggest three reasons why local residents might be against the building of the tidal barrier. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 4(a)(i) (River) Tone. 1 4(a)(ii) Low lying land; 4 Silted rivers; High tides; Wettest January/high rainfall/heavy rain (in January). 4(b) Expensive; 3 Takes a long time to build; Visual pollution/eyesore; Noise pollution during construction; Stops river traffic/boating; Kills wildlife/affects habitat/prevents migration of fish; Interferes with natural river flows; May be placed on their property.

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2023

3 Study Fig. 3.1 (Insert), a photograph of a river meander and its valley. (a) Using Fig. 3.1, tick the correct answers to identify the features shown. Place one tick (3) in each row. X Y Z river cliff slip-off slope flood plain [3] (b) Suggest how and why the meander will change over time. … … … … … … … … … … [5] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) River cliff: Z 3 Slip off slope: Y Flood plain: X 3(b) Erosion/any named process of erosion at river cliff/outer bend/at Z; 5 Due to faster flowing water/undercutting; Deposition at slip off slope/inner bend/ at Y; Due to slow(er) flowing water; Due to helical flow/transporting material across channel; Meander grows bigger/wider/curves more/more sinuous; Meander has a narrow(ing) neck; River cuts through; In time of flood/high rainfall; Forms an ox bow lake; Note: 1 mark reserve ‘why’.

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2023

1 Study the map extract for Panzendorf, in the Tyrol region of Europe. The scale is 1 : 25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the south-east of the map extract. 06 07 08 79 79 A D B C 78 78 E 77 77 06 07 08 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) the name of the river at A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the height above sea level of the spot height at E. … metres [1] (b) Find the settlements of Tassenbach and Tessenberg in the central part of the map extract. (i) Compare the height above sea level and slopes of the two settlements. Tassenbach Tessenberg height … … above sea level … … … … slopes … … [2] (ii) Compare the transport infrastructure of the two settlements. … … … … [2] (c) Find main road 100, which passes through the main settlement at Panzendorf. (i) Measure the distance along the road from where it meets the western edge of the map to the main road junction in Tassenbach. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) What is the compass direction from the point where main road 100 meets the western edge of the map to the main road junction in Tassenbach? … [1] (iii) Measure the compass bearing from the point where main road 100 meets the western edge of the map to the main road junction in Tassenbach. … degrees [1] (iv) Give the six-figure grid reference of the main road junction in Tassenbach. … [1] (d) Study the relief and drainage of the area north of northing 81. Which five of the following statements describe the relief and drainage of this area? Tick only five boxes. tick (✔) There is a flood plain. There are north-facing slopes. There is land over 1400 m. There is a plateau. There are steep slopes. There are V-shaped valleys. Rivers flow east. Rivers flow north. Rivers flow south. There are small rivers. [5] (e) Fig. 1.2 is a cross-section along northing 78 from 040780 to 070780. 1700 1700 1600 1600 metres metres 1500 1500above above sea sea 1400 1400 level level 1300 1300 0 0 040780 070780 Fig. 1.2 The cross-section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section. [2] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) Gailbach 1 1(a)(ii) Spring 1 1(a)(iii) Path (with signs) 1 1(a)(iv) Refreshment point/Schöne Aussicht 1 1(a)(v) 1660 (metres) 1 1(b)(i) Height 2 Tassenbach low and Tessenberg high; Tassenbach 1079 m and Tessenberg 1340 m; (allow 1050–1100/1250–1350.) Tassenbach lower/Tessenberg higher; Slopes Tassenbach gentle/flat and Tessenberg steep; Tassenbach gentler/flat/Tessenberg steeper. Must be comparative Reserve 1 mark for height and 1 mark for slopes 1(b)(ii) 2 Tassenbach Tessenberg Main road Minor road/no main road Both have minor roads/other roads Both have junctions Tassenbach has a main road junction vs. Tessenberg has a minor road junction = 2 marks Railway/line/station No railway/line/station Bus stop(s) No bus stop(s) Larger river(s) Smaller river(s) Allow both have rivers Allow both have rivers Cycle track No cycle track No mountain bike route Mountain bike route 1(c)(i) 2450 m 1 (allow tolerance 2350–2550 m.) 1(c)(ii) East/E 1 1(c)(iii) 94°–96° 1 1(c)(iv) 063803 1 063804 064803 064804 1(d) There is land over 1400 m; 5 There are steep slopes; There are V-shaped valleys; Rivers flow south; There are small rivers. 1(e) One mark for higher valley (left side), one mark for lower valley (right side), 2 with ridge in middle.

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2024

3 (a) Study Fig. 3.1, a storm hydrograph for a drainage basin. Content removed due to copyright restrictions. Fig. 3.1 (i) How many hours after the start of the rainfall will flooding begin? … hrs [1] (ii) Calculate the time between the peak rainfall and peak discharge. … hrs [1] (b) Table 3.1 is a list of drainage basin characteristics. Tick (✓) four boxes to show which characteristics are most likely to lead to flooding during a heavy rainstorm. Table 3.1 characteristic tick (✓) circular shape long and thin shape gentle sides steep sides sparse vegetation covered in vegetation rural urbanised [2] (c) Study Fig. 3.2 (Insert), which shows river flooding in Kalimantan, Indonesia (an LEDC). Using Fig. 3.2, describe the impact of flooding on local communities. … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) 15.5–16 (hours) 1 3(a)(ii) 13 (hours) 1 3(b) 2 characteristic tick () circular shape  long and thin shape gentle sides steep sides  sparse vegetation  covered in vegetation rural urbanised  3–4 correct = 2 1–2 correct = 1 3(c) Deposition of alluvium/silt (increases fertility of soils); 4 Houses/buildings flooded/damage to homes/property/people homeless; Settlements cut off/isolation; Loss of life/drowning/livestock/people swept away; Agricultural lands flooded/waterlogged soils/crops ruined; Roads flooded/blocked/ damaged; Vehicles swept away/engines damaged; Dirty water/contamination/ pollution of clean water supplies; Risk of disease (from stagnant water); Can’t go to work/businesses closed/money/income lost; Power cuts/loss of electricity/internet; High cost of clean-up/ can’t afford repairs.

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2024

1 Study the map extract for Olang Valdaora, Italy. The scale is 1 : 25 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north-west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract. 71 72 73 86 86 B D 85 85 C A 84 84 71 72 73 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the name of river A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the spot height at D. … metres [1] (b) Find the railway which crosses the map. Describe the route of the railway. … … … … … … [3] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross-section along northing 83 from 710830 to 740830. 1500 1500 1400 1400 1300 X Y 1300 metres metres above 1200 1200 above sea sea 1100 1100level level 1000 1000 900 900 0 0 710830 740830 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify the feature at X. … [1] (ii) Name the settlement at Y. … [1] (iii) The cross-section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section. [1] (d) Find minor road 44, shown in yellow in the north-east of the map extract. (i) Measure the distance along the road from the junction with the main road at Wegmacher to where it meets the east edge of the map at 749857. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) Measure the compass bearing from the junction with the main road at Wegmacher to where the road meets the east edge of the map at 749857. … degrees [1] (iii) Give the compass direction from the junction with the main road at Wegmacher to where the road meets the east edge of the map at 749857. … [1] (iv) Give the six-figure grid reference of the junction with the main road at Wegmacher. … [1] (e) Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the south of the map extract. Describe the relief and drainage of this area. 72 73 74 82 82 81 81 80 80 72 73 74 Fig. 1.3 relief … … … … … … drainage … … … … … … [6] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (F.) Rienza 1 1(a)(ii) Main road/49 1 1(a)(iii) Path with signs 1 1(a)(iv) 1412 (metres) 1 1(b) North-west – south-east/east or vice-versa OR travels NW/SE/E/ESE; (NOTE 3 where a series of directions are given take the first and last. If only one direction given, it must be the direction it is going to.) Winding/bends/zigzag/curves/meanders; In valley; On lowland/avoids hills; On flatter/gentle(r)/avoids steep(er) land; Passes Niederolang/passes through/by/goes to Niederolang/a settlement in 7283/passes by/near/to the north of Olang Valdaora/Mitterolang; Crosses/goes above/under/through bridges OR goes over/under roads/over rivers; Follows course of river/along/near river/S/SW of river. 1(c)(i) River or stream/Rio Furcia/Furkelbach/other road/path/minor road 1 1(c)(ii) Mitterolang/Valdaora di mezzo/Moar/Tharer or Maier Moar Tharer 1 1(c)(iii) Land rising steadily to above 1350 m but below 1450 m; 1 (NOTE should touch the left-hand axis. Allow a slight hump/dip.) 1(d)(i) 1750–2000(metres) 1 1(d)(ii) 28–30 (degrees) 1 1(d)(iii) North north-east 1 1(d)(iv) 741 841 1 1(e) Relief 6 High/upland/mountain/hilly; (NOTE allow hill/mountainous) Steep OR gentle(r) to the north/steep(er) to the south; Spur(s); V-shaped valleys/small valleys; Highest point 1780–1799 m; Lowest point 1100–1108 m; Lower in north/higher in south/descending to north; North facing; Cliff. Drainage Small river(s)/stream(s); Tributary(ies)/confluence(s) Flow N/NE; Spring(s); Intermittent stream(s). NOTE Reserve 2 marks for relief and 2 marks for drainage.

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2024

4 Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 (Insert) show two rivers and their valleys in Africa. (a) Describe the rivers and their channels. Fig. 4.1 … … … … Fig. 4.2 … … … … [4] (b) Describe the valleys. Fig. 4.1 … … … … Fig. 4.2 … … … … [4] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 4(a) Fig. 4.1 Rivers and channels 4 Meandering/winding; Sandy; Variable width (river); Low flow/discharge/slow flow; Wide/broad/space available for higher discharge/for river to widen; Shallow; Flat/gentle (gradient) Slip-off slopes. Fig. 4.2 Rivers and channels Rocky/boulders/flows around rock; Steep (gradient); Variable width (river) Fast flowing/rapids; Island/divides and rejoins/splits or divides into two channels/eyot; Narrow; Shallow; Pools. NOTE This is not a comparison question so do not accept comparatives. Reserve one mark for each photograph. 4(b) Fig. 4.1 valley 4 Flood plain/plain; Wide; Flat/gentle; Grass/savanna/prairie/bushes. Fig. 4.2 valley Narrow; V shaped; Steep (sides)/deep; Spurs; Rocky/rocks (sides/rock outcrops); Trees/forest. NOTE This is not a comparison question so do not accept comparatives. Reserve one mark for each photograph.

This question in 0460/22 Oct/Nov 2024

1 Study the map extract for Sabbio Chiese, Italy. The scale is 1 : 25 000. (a) Study Fig. 1.1, which shows some of the features in the north of the map extract. 11 12 13 14 60 60 E A 59 59 C 58 58 F D B 57 57 11 12 13 14 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of road at A … [1] (ii) the name of the river at B … [1] (iii) the height above sea level of the spot height at C … metres [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the name of the settlement at E. … [1] (b) Give the six-figure grid reference of the trigonometric point, F, shown in Fig. 1.1. … [1] (c) Find the settlement of Pavone in grid square 1156. (i) What is the settlement pattern of Pavone? Tick (✓) one box below. tick (✓) linear nucleated dispersed [1] (ii) Give a reason for this settlement pattern. … … [1] (d) Find the yellow provincial road 237 in the north-west of the map extract. (i) What is the distance in metres along the yellow provincial road 237 between the roundabout (circle) in grid square 0958 and the northern edge of the map extract? Tick (✓) one box below. tick (✓) 1000 m 1400 m 1800 m 2200 m [1] (ii) What is the compass direction from the roundabout (circle) in grid square 0958 to the parking in Sabbio Chiese? … [1] (e) Fig. 1.2 is a cross-section along northing 58 from 090580 to 110580. X Y 450 450 400 400 350 350 metres metres above 300 300 above sea level sea level 250 250 200 200 0 0 090580 110580 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify the feature at X. … [1] (ii) Identify the feature at Y. … [1] (iii) The cross-section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section. [2] (f) Study the river flowing between Barghe and Sabbio Chiese. Describe the physical (natural) features of the river and its valley. Do not refer to land use beside the river. river … … … … … … … valley … … … … … … … [6] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) Tarred road 1 1(a)(ii) Sibla 1 1(a)(iii) 560 1 1(a)(iv) Path with signs 1 1(a)(v) Mastanico 1 1(b) 121 575 1 1(c)(i) Linear 1 1(c)(ii) Along/on/next to/in/by the road/river/valley 1 Between river and steep slopes 1(d)(i) 1800 m 1 1(d)(ii) SE/SSE 1 1(e)(i) River/F Chiese/difficult path/boundary of the municipality 1 1(e)(ii) Main road (with 2 and 4 lanes) 1 1(e)(iii) Peak at 450 m (440–460m) 2 Meets left axis at 300–350m 1(f) River: 6 Flowing S/SSE/SE or from N/NNW/NW; Variable width; Islands/splits and rejoins/eyot; Tributaries/confluence; Meandering; Straight sections. Valley: Steep (sides); Flat (floor/in the valley)/flat land on (both) sides of river; Flood plain; U-shaped; Narrow; Variable width; N/NNW/NW – S/SSE/SE direction; NOTE Reserve 2 marks for each

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2024

5 Study Fig. 5.1, which shows the processes of the hydrological cycle. B A evapotranspiration C D groundwater flow Fig. 5.1 (a) Name the processes A–D shown in Fig. 5.1. A … B … C … D … [4] (b) The processes of evapotranspiration and groundwater flow are labelled in Fig. 5.1. Describe each of these processes. evapotranspiration … … … … groundwater flow … … … … [4] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 5(a) A – Condensation 4 B – Precipitation / rainfall C – Interception D – Surface run-off/overland flow 5(b) Reserve 1 for each part 4 Evapotranspiration Combination of evaporation and transpiration; Evaporation is change in state of water from liquid to gas/water changed to water vapour; Transpiration is water returned to atmosphere from leaves. Groundwater flow Water moving through rock/aquifer; Permeable/porous/cracks; Downhill/gravity.

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2024

1 Study the map extract for Kungsbacka, Sweden. The scale is 1 : 50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north-east of the map extract. 27 28 29 30 82 82 A C F 81 81 B 80 80 G E D 79 79 27 28 29 30 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) type of road at D … [1] (v) the land use at E … [1] (vi) the height above sea level of the spot height at F. … metres [1] (b) Give the six-figure grid reference of the road junction G, shown in Fig. 1.1. Tick (3) one box. tick (3) 280815 803265 275793 795273 [1] (c) Study the settlement of Kungsbacka. Suggest reasons for its growth. … … … … … … … … … … [5] (d) Identify three services provided for locals in Kungsbacka. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (e) Find the river Kungsbackaån. Describe the features of the river Kungsbackaån. … … … … … … [3] (f) Study the settlement of Anneberg in the north of the map extract. (i) What is the distance (in kilometres) along the railway line between the station in Anneberg and the station in grid square 2578? … kilometres [1] (ii) What is the compass bearing from the railway station in Anneberg to the railway station in grid square 2578? … [1] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) Parish church 1 1(a)(ii) River/Lillan 1 1(a)(iii) Hiking trail 1 1(a)(iv) Private road with barrier 1 1(a)(v) Marsh/peat cutting 1 1(a)(vi) 27 (metres) 1 1(b) 275793 1 1(c) • Lowland/below 35m; 5 • Gentle(r)/flatter slopes; • River (Kungsbackan) (accept Söderan river); • Coast(al)/close/access to sea/marina/port/dock/edge of lake; • Motorway; • Many roads (in centre)/route focus/road junction; • Railway/train station; • Forest; • Arable/crop land; • Space for industry/industrial area; • Valley floor/confluence of valleys. 1(d) • (Parish/other) church; 3 • Sports ground; • Football ground; • Trotting track; • Marina; • Railway/train station; • Cemetery; • Golf course. 1(e) • Flowing south; 3 • Tributaries/confluences; • Meanders (in north); • Straight (in south/Kungsbacka); • Bridged; • Variable width/widens; • Mouth/enters sea/lake at Svinholmen. 1(f)(i) 3.1 km (allow 3.0–3.2) 1 1(f)(ii) 201° (allow 200–203°) 1

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2025

5 Fig. 5.1 (Insert) shows the total precipitation over 24 hours in Germany in 2021. (a) Using Fig. 5.1, describe the pattern of precipitation. … … … … … … [3] (b) The precipitation led to severe flooding across Germany. One of the regions most affected was the Ahr valley, south of Cologne. Fig. 5.2 shows a cross-section of the Ahr valley. shallow soil narrow flood plain impermeable rock river Ahr Fig. 5.2 (i) Using Fig. 5.2, explain why the Ahr valley experienced severe flooding. … … … … … … [3] (ii) Suggest two ways that flooding on the river Ahr can be managed. 1 … … 2 … … [2] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 5(a) • Uneven; 3 • High(est) in west/high(est) in/around Cologne; • Low(est) in (north-)east/low(est) in/around Berlin; • Mostly low (rainfall); • Moderate/average in south(-west)/south of Stuttgart; • Moderate/average in northwest; • Moderate/average along coast/North Sea/Baltic Sea. Note: Max. 2 for moderate/average 5(b)(i) • Steep slopes increase run-off/faster run-off/shortens time to river; 3 • Impermeable rock reduces infiltration/percolation/increases run-off/faster run-off/shortens time to river; • (Shallow) soils cannot hold/absorb much water/become saturated/limit infiltration; • Narrow river channel cannot hold discharge; • Narrow floodplain cannot hold floodwaters; • Few trees so limited interception. Note: Must have explanation for each point. Correct geographical terms needed. 5(b)(ii) • Dam; 2 • Embankment/manmade/constructing levees; • Dredging/channel deepening; • Straightening; • Afforestation; • Manmade lakes.

This question in 0460/21 May/June 2025

1 Study the map extract for Pont-l’Abbé, France. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north-west of the map extract. 07 08 09 10 11 32 32 A F 31 31 B 30 30 D E 29 29 C 28 28 07 08 09 10 11 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) type of road at A … [1] (ii) settlement at B … [1] (iii) feature C … [1] (iv) the land use at D … [1] (v) feature E … [1] (vi) the height above sea level of the spot height at F. … metres [1] (b) What is the settlement pattern of Pont-l’Abbé? … [1] (c) Describe the site of the settlement at Pont-l’Abbé. … … … … … … [3] (d) Fig. 1.2 shows two areas, A and B, in the centre of the map extract. Study areas A and B. 09 10 11 28 27 A Pont-l’Abbé 26 26 la Palue B 25 24 11 12 13 Fig. 1.2 The table compares the features of areas A and B. Complete the table by putting ticks (✓) in the correct six boxes. Use only one tick for each row. area A area B both areas neither area harbour beacon signposted hiking trail museum notable site golf course [6] (e) Describe the drainage and water features to the south-east of Pont-l’Abbé. … … … … [2] (f) Study the area in the north of the map extract. (i) What is the distance (in kilometres) along the motorway from the northern edge of the map extract to the end of the motorway where it meets the main road? … kilometres [1] (ii) Give the six-figure grid reference of the junction where the motorway meets the main road. Tick (✓) one box. tick (✓) 107289 091273 099277 279097 [1] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) Secondary road 1 1(a)(ii) Tremeoc/Tremeog 1 1(a)(iii) (Signposted) hiking trail/GR 34 (H) 1 1(a)(iv) (Perennial) body of water/lake/reservoir/dam/storage of water/water resources 1 1(a)(v) (Notable) chapel 1 1(a)(vi) 52 1 1(b) Nuclear/nucleated/clustered/radial 1 1(c) River/watercourse/body of water/lake/reservoir/water supply; 3 Gentle slope/(relatively) flat; Low land; (Nearby) forest/wood; Limited (to the east) by land liable to flood/tidal area/wet sand; Bridging point; Defensive; Many roads (in centre)/route focus/road junction; Harbour/anchorage/access to sea/port. 1(d) 6 Feature Area A Area B Both areas Neither area harbour √ beacon √ signposted hiking trail √ museum √ notable site √ golf course √ 1(e) Wet sand/marshland/tidal area; 2 Main river/De Pont-L’Abbé flows S/SE; Watercourses/intermittent streams/tributaries/confluences/underground canal; High drainage density; Estuary/delta/(river) mouth/flows to/links to sea; Body of water/lake/reservoir/etang; Water tower; Font; Harbour/anchorage. 1(f)(i) 4.9–5.2 1 1(f)(ii) 099277 1

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2025

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a sketch of a waterfall. (i) Complete the labels on Fig. 3.1 to identify the four features of the waterfall. hard rock river soft rock Fig. 3.1 [4] (ii) Suggest how the waterfall shown in Fig. 3.1 may change in the future. … … [1] (b) Fig. 3.2 is a diagram of the upper course of a river valley. Waterfalls are often found in the upper course. Fig. 3.2 Use Fig. 3.2 to help describe the following features of the upper course: valley shape … … gradient of long profile … … channel width. … … [3] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) Correct location of: 4 Overhang/cliff Undercut(ting)/cave Plunge pool (Fallen/hard) rock(s)/boulder(s). 3(a)(ii) Undercut deepened/more erosion of soft rock; 1 Plunge pool deeper; Overhang/hard rock collapses/breaks off; Retreat/moves back/moves upstream/headward erosion; Forms gorge. 3(b) Valley shape 3 V-shaped/steep sides/deep/narrow. Gradient of long profile Steep/high gradient/rapid decrease/vertical sections; Decreasing gradient along upper course. Channel width Narrow/thin/small. Note: Allow 1 mark for each.

This question in 0460/23 May/June 2025

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows the hydrological cycle. Sun D E C B Sea A Fig. 3.1 (i) Complete the labels C, D and E. A and B have been given as examples. A infiltration B interception C … D … E … [3] (ii) What is meant by the following terms? infiltration … … interception … … [2] (b) (i) Explain how deforestation disrupts the hydrological cycle. … … … … [2] (ii) Suggest another way that people can disrupt the hydrological cycle. … … [1] [Total: 8] Content removed due to copyright restrictions. (b) Suggest two reasons why people such as those from Venezuela may migrate. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (c) (i) Suggest one economic opportunity that migrants can bring to the country they have moved to. … … [1] (ii) Suggest one social problem that migrants may experience in the country they have moved to. … … [1] [Total: 8]

12 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) C – evaporation 3 D – precipitation/rain(fall) E – overland flow/(surface) run-off 3(a)(ii) Infiltration 2 water enters/absorbed into the soil/rock/ground. Interception water collected/trapped by vegetation 3(b)(i) less interception/transpiration/evapotranspiration 2 more overland flow/(surface) run-off/infiltration/saturated soil increased risk of flooding/inundation less water stored in biosphere less precipitation/rain(fall) (due to less transpiration/evapotranspiration) 3(b)(ii) hydroelectricity/dams 1 agriculture/irrigation urbanisation/industrialisation/building named infrastructure e.g. roads climate change/global warming

This question in 0460/21 Oct/Nov 2025

1 Study the map extract for Dungarvan (Dún Garbhán), Ireland. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north of the map extract. 20 21 22 23 98 98 D 97 97 C B 96 96 A E 95 95 20 21 22 23 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) the type of road at A … [1] (ii) feature B … [1] (iii) the height above sea level of the triangulation pillar at C … metres [1] (iv) feature D … [1] (v) the land use at E. … [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 shows two areas, A and B, in the north of the map extract. 24 25 98 98 A 97 97 B 96 96 24 25 Fig. 1.2 The following table compares the features of areas A and B. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct six boxes. Use only one tick (3) for each row. both of these neither of area A area B areas these areas church land above 170 m stream track regional road electricity transmission line [6] (c) Identify the settlement pattern shown in grid square 2292. … [1] (d) Find the junction of the national secondary road with the national primary road close to the eastern edge of the map. (i) What is the six-figure grid reference of the junction? Tick (3) one box. tick (3) 276954 957278 278957 267968 [1] (ii) Measure the distance along the national secondary road from the junction to the western edge of the map. … km [1] (iii) Give the compass direction from the junction to where the road meets the western edge of the map. … [1] (e) (i) Locate the River Brickey (An Bhroice) in the south of the map. Describe the features of the river. … … … … … … [3] (ii) Describe the relief to the south of the river. … … … … [2] [Total: 20]

20 marks

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) (national) secondary 1 1(a)(ii) (Colligan) river 1 1(a)(iii) 176 1 1(a)(iv) parking 1 1(a)(v) coniferous/plantation 1 1(b) 6 area A area B both of neither of these these areas areas church ✓ land above 170 m ✓ stream ✓ track ✓ regional road ✓ electricity transmission ✓ line 1(c) linear 1 1(d)(i) 278 957 1 1(d)(ii) 8.9–9.2 1 1(d)(iii) west 1 1(e)(i) flows south-east 3 flat / gentle gradient tributary/confluence/another river joins straight sections/partly straight/relatively straight/straight in the west meandering river mouth/flows into an estuary/lake/bay/sea/body of water 1(e)(ii) hills/high/mountain(ous) 2 top/peak/summit steep N/NE/NNE facing slopes valley(s) saddle/col flat flood plain/next to river minimum height 0–10 m maximum height 240–263 m (allow any height within ranges)

This question in 0460/23 Oct/Nov 2025