Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2025 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 3

1 Study the map extract for Pont-l’Abbé, France. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north-west of the map extract. 07 08 09 10 11 32 32 A F 31 31 B 30 30 D E 29 29 C 28 28 07 08 09 10 11 Fig. 1.1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1: (i) type of road at A ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) settlement at B ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (iii) feature C ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (iv) the land use at D ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (v) feature E ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (vi) the height above sea level of the spot height at F. ...................................................... metres [1] (b) What is the settlement pattern of Pont-l’Abbé? ............................................................................................................................................. [1] (c) Describe the site of the settlement at Pont-l’Abbé. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (d) Fig. 1.2 shows two areas, A and B, in the centre of the map extract. Study areas A and B. 09 10 11 28 27 A Pont-l’Abbé 26 26 la Palue B 25 24 11 12 13 Fig. 1.2 The table compares the features of areas A and B. Complete the table by putting ticks (✓) in the correct six boxes. Use only one tick for each row. area A area B both areas neither area harbour beacon signposted hiking trail museum notable site golf course [6] (e) Describe the drainage and water features to the south-east of Pont-l’Abbé. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [2] (f) Study the area in the north of the map extract. (i) What is the distance (in kilometres) along the motorway from the northern edge of the map extract to the end of the motorway where it meets the main road? ...................................................... kilometres [1] (ii) Give the six-figure grid reference of the junction where the motorway meets the main road. Tick (✓) one box. tick (✓) 107289 091273 099277 279097 [1] [Total: 20]

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) Secondary road 1 1(a)(ii) Tremeoc/Tremeog 1 1(a)(iii) (Signposted) hiking trail/GR 34 (H) 1 1(a)(iv) (Perennial) body of water/lake/reservoir/dam/storage of water/water resources 1 1(a)(v) (Notable) chapel 1 1(a)(vi) 52 1 1(b) Nuclear/nucleated/clustered/radial 1 1(c) River/watercourse/body of water/lake/reservoir/water supply; 3 Gentle slope/(relatively) flat; Low land; (Nearby) forest/wood; Limited (to the east) by land liable to flood/tidal area/wet sand; Bridging point; Defensive; Many roads (in centre)/route focus/road junction; Harbour/anchorage/access to sea/port. 1(d) 6 Feature Area A Area B Both areas Neither area harbour √ beacon √ signposted hiking trail √ museum √ notable site √ golf course √ 1(e) Wet sand/marshland/tidal area; 2 Main river/De Pont-L’Abbé flows S/SE; Watercourses/intermittent streams/tributaries/confluences/underground canal; High drainage density; Estuary/delta/(river) mouth/flows to/links to sea; Body of water/lake/reservoir/etang; Water tower; Font; Harbour/anchorage. 1(f)(i) 4.9–5.2 1 1(f)(ii) 099277 1

More questions on Settlements (rural and urban) and service provision

2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows an urban land-use model for an LEDC. Fig. 2.2 (Insert) shows photographs of each land-use zone in São Paulo, Brazil. Study the photographs and add the correct labels (B–E) on Fig. 2.1. A has been completed for you. squatter settlement modern factories letter ..............................A letter .............................. high-quality housing letter .............................. poor-quality, permanent housing letter .............................. CBD letter .............................. Fig. 2.1 [3] (b) Using Figs. 2.1 and 2.2, suggest reasons for the location of squatter settlements ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... high-quality housing ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... modern factories. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... [5] [Total: 8]

Mark scheme: 2(a) D – modern factories 3 C – high quality housing E – CBD B – poor quality permanent housing 3–4 correct = 3 marks 2 correct = 2 marks 1 correct = 1 mark 2(b) Squatter settlement 5 Unfavourable land/steep/terraced/hilly/swamps/wasteland; Only available land/only unused space; Close to industry; Outskirts first point of arrival for migrants; Less regulation of houses on the outskirts. High quality housing Expensive land (surrounding CBD); Close to jobs/business/retail/entertainment/services; Former colonial housing; Far from squatter settlements. Modern factories Flat land; Next to/along/near transport routes; Access to the CBD to supply goods; On outskirts for space/where land is cheaper; Room for expansion/large land; Accessible to workers from other zones/close to squatter settlements for workers. Note: Reserve 1 mark for each section. Ref to Figs 2.1 and 2.2 not required.

More questions on Urban settlements

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a sketch of a waterfall. (i) Complete the labels on Fig. 3.1 to identify the four features of the waterfall. hard rock river soft rock Fig. 3.1 [4] (ii) Suggest how the waterfall shown in Fig. 3.1 may change in the future. ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) Fig. 3.2 is a diagram of the upper course of a river valley. Waterfalls are often found in the upper course. Fig. 3.2 Use Fig. 3.2 to help describe the following features of the upper course: valley shape ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... gradient of long profile ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... channel width. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... [3] [Total: 8]

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) Correct location of: 4 Overhang/cliff Undercut(ting)/cave Plunge pool (Fallen/hard) rock(s)/boulder(s). 3(a)(ii) Undercut deepened/more erosion of soft rock; 1 Plunge pool deeper; Overhang/hard rock collapses/breaks off; Retreat/moves back/moves upstream/headward erosion; Forms gorge. 3(b) Valley shape 3 V-shaped/steep sides/deep/narrow. Gradient of long profile Steep/high gradient/rapid decrease/vertical sections; Decreasing gradient along upper course. Channel width Narrow/thin/small. Note: Allow 1 mark for each.

More questions on Rivers

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 is a map showing weather conditions in India at mid-day on one day in February. 1010 0 500 N 1008 km PAKISTAN New Delhi 12 NEPAL 1008 BANGLADESH Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea Bengaluru 1010 18 1002 1004 1006 Key temperature 24 wind (°C) direction (SW) cloud cover wind speed (six oktas) (23–27 knots) atmospheric pressure (mb) 896 isobar cloud cover wind speed calm 1–2 knots clear sky 3–7 knots one okta 8–12 knots two oktas 13–17 knots three oktas 18–22 knots four oktas 48–52 knots five oktas six oktas seven oktas eight oktas sky obscured Fig. 4.1 (i) Complete the 1008 mb isobar line in the south of the map on Fig. 4.1. [1] (ii) Shade the area below 1000 mb on Fig. 4.1. [1] (b) Use Fig. 4.1 to compare the weather conditions shown at New Delhi and Bengaluru. You should use data in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [6] [Total: 8]

Mark scheme: 4(a)(i) Isobar 1008 joined in south of map 1 4(a)(ii) Area within isobar 1000 shaded 1 4(b) Lower temperature in New Delhi/higher temperature in Bengaluru 6 12°C in New Delhi and 18 °C in Bengaluru; Higher pressure in New Delhi/lower pressure in Bengaluru 1008/1009/1010 mb in New Delhi and 1006/1007/1008 mb in Bengaluru; Windier in New Delhi/less windy in Bengaluru New Delhi is 3–7 knots and Bengaluru is 1–2 knots; Less cloudy/clearer sky in New Delhi/cloudier in Bengaluru New Delhi is 1 okta and Bengaluru is 7 oktas; Bengaluru has a NE/NNE wind and New Delhi has a SE wind. Note: Must be comparative. Data mark can only be given if comparative statement has been credited. Units must be used at least once per pair. Can extract from separate paragraphs. Allow differences in stats e.g. cloud cover in Bengaluru is 6 oktas higher = 2

More questions on Weather

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows two volcanoes, Mount Fuji in Japan and Mauna Loa, in Hawaii, USA. 3800 m 45 km Mount Fuji, Japan Key ash lava crust 9200 m 120 km Mauna Loa, Hawaii, USA Fig. 5.1 (i) Using Fig. 5.1 only, compare the features of the two volcanoes. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] (ii) Fig. 5.2 is a graph showing the heights of volcanoes. Use Fig. 5.1 to complete the graph for Mount Fuji. Mauna Loa, USA Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico Mount Fuji, Japan Mount Semeru, Indonesia Mount Etna, Italy Mount St Helens, USA Mayon Volcano, Philippines 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10 000 height (m) Fig. 5.2 [2] (b) State two reasons why many people live near volcanoes. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 8]

Mark scheme: 5(a)(i) Mount Fuji strato/composite and Mauna Loa shield; 4 Mount Fuji is conical and Mauna Loa is dome-shaped; Mount Fuji steep sides and Mauna Loa gentle sides/Mount Fuji steeper; Mount Fuji narrower/smaller surface area/Mauna Loa wider/larger surface area; Mount Fuji shorter/Mauna Loa taller; Mount Fuji lava and ash and Mauna Loa just lava; Mount Fuji has more layers/Mount Fuji has 10 layers and Mauna Loa has 6 layers; Mount Fuji has more vents/pipes/craters /Mount Fuji has side vents/3 vents/pipes/craters and Mauna Loa no side vents/1 vent/pipe/crater; Mount Fuji smaller magma chamber/Mauna Loa larger magma chamber; Mount Fuji has narrower pipe/vent/Mauna Loa has wider pipe/vent. Note: Must be comparative. 5(a)(ii) Bar drawn at 3800 m 2 Diagonal lines drawn 5(b) Fertile land/good for agriculture; 2 Family and friends live there/always lived there; Rely on warning systems/think it won’t erupt/used to it/extinct; Income/jobs from tourism; Can’t afford to leave; Geothermal power; Hot springs; Minerals/mining; Building materials.

More questions on Earthquakes and volcanoes

6 (a) (i) What is meant by the term renewable energy? ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) Name a source of renewable energy. ............................................................... [1] (b) Fig. 6.1 (Insert) shows the proportion of the total energy produced from renewable sources in different countries. Using Fig. 6.1, describe the variation in renewable energy production. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (c) Explain why some countries do not use renewable energy. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 8] Additional pages If you use the following pages to complete the answer to any question, the question number must be clearly shown. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. 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The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on any maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) Will not run out/is replenished/can be reused/is infinite 1 6(a)(ii) Geothermal 1 Wind HEP/river Wave/tidal/sea Solar/sun Biofuel/biomass/wood 6(b) Uneven distribution/varies from low to high. 3 High(er) levels/most renewable energy Along the Equator; E/NE/centre of South America; Central Africa/middle of Africa; SE Oceania; NE of North America. Moderate levels/some renewable energy N of North America; N of South America/Central America; Europe. Low(er) levels/least renewable energy Asia; N Africa; Oceania; S of North America; S of South America. 6(c) Thermal power stations already built/operating; 3 Fossil fuels/non-renewables are available/cheaper; Not enough money/expensive to set up/distribute/repair/maintain/employ specialist labour; Unreliable/unsuitable sites/limited by cloud cover/lack of sun/wind/water; Visual/noise pollution; Difficult/expensive to store; Small-scale/cannot satisfy demand; Can lead to relocation of population; Takes up large quantities of land/lack of space; Some countries prioritise economy over environment.

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