Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2017 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

1 Study the map extract for Vangsvatnet, Norway. The scale is 1:25 000. Fig. 1 shows some of the features around the lake of Vangsvatnet. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions on the opposite page. 51 52 53 54 26 26 D F 25 25 E C H B G 24 24 J A 23 23 51 52 53 54 Fig. 1 (a) Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1: (i) feature A; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) feature B; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) feature C; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iv) the height above sea level at trigonometric point D; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (v) feature E; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (vi) the name of river F; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (vii) the feature of the river in area G. .......................................................................................................................................[1] (b) A person walks along the edge of the lake from H to J. How far does the person walk? Circle one correct answer below. 1500 m 1800 m 2100 m 2400 m [1] (c) Describe the route of the railway from the western edge of the map to the settlement at Bulken. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[2] (d) Fig. 2 shows an area in the north west of the map extract. Describe the relief of this area. 49 50 51 29 29 H o r n 28 28 49 50 51 Fig. 2 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[5] (e) Describe the distribution of cultivation and forest in the area shown by the map extract. Cultivation ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Forest ....................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[5] [Total: 20 marks]

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) power line, 1 1(a)(ii) road, 1 1(a)(iii) hotel/lodging, 1 1(a)(iv) 625 m, 1 1(a)(v) cultural monument, 1 1(a)(vi) Dyrvo, 1 1(a)(vii) delta/distributaries, 1 1(b) 1800 m 1 1(c) on south side of lake, 2 bridge over lake, on north side of lake, (allow side of lake once if south/north not stated) tunnel, keeps low/flat/avoids high/avoids steep, 1(d) high/mountainous, 5 steep, 1103 m, lowest 680–700 m, valley (in east), V shape, spur/ridge (in west), gentler summit, double summit/two high points, convex, 1(e) Cultivation 5 low(er), gentle(r), near lake, in valley, below 400 m, (allow any height lower than 400 m) more in south east/south, Forest high/higher than the cultivation, avoids highest land/summits, steep(er), below 600/800 m, Reserve 1 for each.

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2 Fig. 3 shows the population structure of Angola, an LEDC. Fig. 4 shows the population structure of Japan, an MEDC. Angola 2013 (total population 22 million) age (years) male female 80+ 75–79 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–4 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 population (thousands) Fig. 3 Japan 2013 (total population 127 million) age (years) male female 80+ 75–79 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–4 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 population (millions) Fig. 4 (a) Using Figs. 3 and 4, state the number of: (i) females aged 35–39 in Angola; ....................................................... [1] (ii) males aged 30–34 in Japan. ....................................................... [1] (b) Describe the differences between the population of Angola and the population of Japan in: (i) the proportion of the population aged 0–14; ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) the proportion of the population aged 65 and over. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (c) Fig. 5 shows an estimate of the population structure of Japan in 2030. Japan 2030 age (years) male female 80+ 75–79 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–4 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 population (millions) Fig. 5 (i) Using Figs. 4 and 5, describe how Japan’s population structure is expected to change between 2013 and 2030. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Suggest two problems the changes you have described in (c)(i) may cause. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2] [Total: 8 marks]

Mark scheme: 2(a)(i) 500 thousand, 1 2(a)(ii) 4 million, 1 2(b)(i) Angola more/Japan less, 1 2(b)(ii) Japan more/Angola less, 1 2(c)(i) ageing population/more old/old dependents/more >80, 2 decreased numbers of young/middle age/working age, 2(c)(ii) increased of care costs, 2 increased medical costs, increased pension costs, greater financial burden on young, lack of workforce, decrease in tax income, difficult to staff armed forces, less innovation,

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3 Fig. 6 is a map showing plates, plate boundaries and the directions of plate movement. 1 Eurasian Plate North American Plate 5 2 African Pacific Plate Indian Plate Plate South 3 Nazca American Plate Plate Australian Plate 4 Antarctic Plate Key plate boundary plate movement Fig. 6 (a) Five places, 1–5, are marked in Fig. 6. For each question write one number in each box below. Which number on the map shows a: (i) place where earthquakes are unlikely to occur; [1] (ii) place where plates are sliding past each other; [1] (iii) subduction zone; [1] (iv) place where sea floor spreading is happening? [1] (b) On April 25 2015 a major earthquake occurred in Nepal at place 2 in Fig. 6. Suggest why an earthquake happened at this location. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[2] (c) Fig. 7 shows the pattern of intensity of the earthquake in 2015 in Nepal. Intensity is a measure of the severity of the earthquake effects. N CHINA X INDIA 0 100 km Key international boundary earthquake intensity very severe severe moderate light X epicentre capital city (Kathmandu) Fig. 7 Suggest reasons for the pattern of intensity shown in Fig. 7. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[2] [Total: 8 marks]

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) 1, 1 3(a)(ii) 5, 1 3(a)(iii) 4, 1 3(a)(iv) 3, 1 3(b) *compulsory point: plates collide/converge/destructive margin, 2 stress/pressure/compression, friction, fracturing/faulting, 3(c) great(est) close to epicentre/less further away, 2 high around Kathmandu may relate to buildings type/density, possible effects of geology, possible effects of relief,

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4 (a) Photograph A (Insert) shows a weather station at a school in Zimbabwe. (i) Name the box labelled X in Photograph A. ................................................................... [1] (ii) Name one instrument kept inside the box. ................................................................... [1] (iii) What does instrument Y measure? ................................................................... [1] (iv) Identify instrument Z. ................................................................... [1] (v) What does instrument Z measure? ................................................................... [1] (b) Photograph B (Insert) shows a digital weather station. (i) How is data collected and recorded at this type of weather station? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Explain one disadvantage of the location of the weather station in Photograph B. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] [Total: 8 marks]

Mark scheme: 4(a)(i) Stevenson screen, 1 4(a)(ii) thermometer, 1 hygrometer, barometer, 4(a)(iii) rainfall/precipitation, 1 4(a)(iv) anemometer, 1 4(a)(v) wind speed/force/strength, 1 4(b)(i) remotely/no need for visit to station/automatically, 2 signal sent (wireless or wire), receiver/recorder (in building/house/elsewhere), use of computer, 4(b)(ii) tree/house may cause shade/shelter/damage, 1

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5 Employment can be classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. (a) Give one example of each type of employment. Choose from the following list: designing mining manufacturing transport Primary ................................................................... Secondary ................................................................... Tertiary ................................................................... Quaternary ................................................................... [3] (b) Fig. 8 shows how employment structure changes as a country becomes more economically developed. 80 60 (%) 40 employment 20 0 stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 time Key primary secondary tertiary and quaternary Fig. 8 Describe the changes shown by Fig. 8. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[3] (c) Fig. 9 shows the employment structure of two countries X and Y. For each country, give its stage of economic development, 1, 2 or 3, as shown on Fig. 8. country X country Y tertiary secondary and quaternary primary tertiary and quaternary secondary primary Fig. 9 Country X stage ......................... Country Y stage ......................... [2] [Total: 8 marks]

Mark scheme: 5(a) mining, 3 manufacturing, transport, designing, All correct = 3 2/3 correct = 2 1 correct = 1 5(b) primary decreases 3 tertiary increases, secondary increases then decreases, 5(c) 2, 2 1,

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6 (a) Table 1 gives information about the number of under-nourished people in the world. Table 1 1990–1992 2012–2014 (millions) (millions) World 1014 805 MEDCs 20 15 LEDCs 994 790 Africa 182 226 Asia 742 525 Latin America & Caribbean 68 37 (i) Using Table 1, describe how the number of under-nourished people in MEDCs and LEDCs has changed. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) ‘Food shortages are spread evenly across the world.’ To what extent do you agree? Give evidence from Table 1 to support your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (b) Study Photograph C (Insert), which shows an agricultural area. (i) Which two of the following terms describe the farming system shown in Photograph C? Tick two boxes. Tick (3) subsistence arable pastoral mixed intensive [2] (ii) Suggest how food production could be increased in the area shown in Photograph C. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] [Total: 8 marks] Additional Pages If you use the following pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown. 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Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) number reduced, 2 by 209 million, except in Africa, bigger decrease in LEDCs/most of decrease in LEDCs, 204 million in LEDCs and 5 million in MEDCs, 6(a)(ii) less in MEDCs/more in LEDCs, 2 more/most in Asia, Asia/Latin America improving/decreasing, Africa getting worse/increasing, 6(b)(i) arable, 2 intensive, 6(b)(ii) extend cultivation/farming area (to hills), 2 (extend) irrigation, clear woodland, diversify crops, add pastoral, increase intensity, use more fertiliser, mechanisation, increase labour force, new crop varieties/GM, pesticides/herbicides, Reserve one mark for the first list, directly from the photograph.

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