Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2019 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

1 Study the map extract for Kivik, Sweden. The scale is 1:50 000. Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the south west of the map extract around the settlement of Olof. 44 45 46 47 68 68 D E 67 67 C F 66 66 A B 65 65 44 45 46 47 Fig. 1.1 (a) Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1: (i) feature A .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) the type of road at B .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) feature C .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iv) the height above sea level at spot height D ........................................ metres [1] (v) the land use in area E .......................................................................................................................................[1] (vi) the land use in area F. .......................................................................................................................................[1] (b) Look at the coastal area from Kivik to the northern edge of the map extract. Give two pieces of map evidence which suggests that this area has a tourist industry. 1................................................................................... 2................................................................................... [2] (c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 69 from 490690 to the sea at 560690. Y coastline X Z 150 150 metres metres above above 100 100 sea sea level level 50 50 0 0 490690 560690 Fig. 1.2 (i) Identify feature X. .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Name the settlement at Y. ......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Using the map, complete the cross section on Fig. 1.2 between Z and the coastline. [1] (d) Look at the settlements of Olof and S Mellby. Find the churches in Olof and S Mellby, shown by this symbol: † (i) Measure the distance in a straight line between the church at Olof and the church at S Mellby. Give your answer in metres. ........................................ metres [1] (ii) Give the compass direction from the church at Olof to the church at S Mellby. ........................................ [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the church at Olof to the church at S Mellby. ........................................ degrees [1] (iv) What is the six-figure grid reference of the church at S Mellby? Tick one box below. Tick (3) 688507 507688 507689 513691 507691 [2] (e) Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the north of the map extract. 47 48 49 50 73 73 Mölleån 72 72 71 71 47 48 49 50 Fig. 1.3 Describe the relief of this area. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] [Total: 20]

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a)(i) railway (any type) 1 1(a)(ii) public road (any type) 1 1(a)(iii) shooting range (any type) 1 1(a)(iv) 144 (metres) 1 1(a)(v) forest (any type) 1 1(a)(vi) arable (land) 1 1(b) camp site, 2 marina, bathing, ancient monument 1(c)(i) road 1 1(c)(ii) S Mellby 1 1(c)(iii) profile completed with ground rising (not over 100m) then falling to sea level 1 at the coastline 1(d)(i) 6600–6900 (metres) 1 1(d)(ii) NE / ENE 1 1(d)(iii) 62–65 (degrees) 1 1(d)(iv) 507688 = 2 2 507689 = 1 1(e) valley, 4 steep (sides), uniform slope, V-shaped, narrow, lowest 10–25 m, highest 110–120 m, north facing slope / slopes down to north

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2 (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows the population structure of South Sudan in 2014 and Fig. 2.2, which shows the population structure of Germany in 2014. South Sudan 100+ male 95–99 female 90–94 85–89 65+ 80–84 75–79 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 15–64 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–14 0–4 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 population (in thousands) age group population (in thousands) Fig. 2.1 Germany 100+ male 95–99 female 90–94 85–89 65+ 80–84 75–79 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 15–64 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–14 0–4 4 3.2 2.4 1.6 0.8 0 0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4 population (in millions) age group population (in millions) Fig. 2.2 (i) Plot the following information on Fig. 2.1: 600 000 females aged 15–19 400 000 males aged 25–29. [2] (ii) Give three differences between the population structure of South Sudan and the population structure of Germany. 1 ......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (iii) Suggest one problem caused by each population structure. South Sudan ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Germany ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (b) Fig. 2.3 shows the population structure of Qatar in 2014. Qatar (2014) 100+ male 95–99 female 90–94 85–89 65+ 80–84 75–79 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 15–64 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–14 0–4 300 240 180 120 60 0 0 60 120 180 240 300 population (in thousands) age group population (in thousands) Fig. 2.3 Look at the numbers of males and females in Qatar. Suggest a reason for this population structure. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[1] [Total: 8]

Mark scheme: 2(a)(i) Correct plot of females 15–19 600 000, 2 Correct plot of males 25–29 400 000 2(a)(ii) South Sudan more young / 0–14, 3 South Sudan fewer middle aged / economically active / 15–64, South Sudan fewer old / 65+, South Sudan fewer older women, (or emphasis on Germany) Allow age ranges within those above but not single bars. Allow single points on South Sudan. Wide base / BR / DR etc. = 0. 2(a)(iii) South Sudan 2 large numbers of young to feed / educate / support, small number of productive / economically active people, Germany large numbers of old people to support / care for, many more elderly in the future, fewer younger workers, lack of army in the future Allow ‘dependence’ once in either section without full explanation. 2(b) male migrant labour, 1

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3 Figs. 3.1 and 3.2 (Insert) are photographs which show two settlements. (a) Describe the site and location of each settlement. Fig. 3.1 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Fig. 3.2 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] (b) Describe the agriculture in each photograph. Fig. 3.1 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Fig. 3.2 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] [Total: 8]

Mark scheme: 3(a) Fig. 3.1 4 gentle slopes / flat / avoids steep, lower land / avoids high / foot of mountains (near mountains = 0), in valley, near lake Fig. 3.2 gentle slope, raised/higher/on hill, avoids floods/marsh Maximum three on each photograph. 3(b) Fig. 3.1 4 fields / plots, in rows, unused land, reservoir / dam for irrigation Fig. 3.2 fields / plots, flooded / padi / rice, raised banks, young / new crop Allow ‘arable/crops/plantations’ once in either part. Maximum three on each photograph.

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows the locations of the epicentres of the largest earthquakes that occurred on January 3 2017. North Eurasian Plate American Plate African Pacific Plate IndianIndian Plate PlatePlate South Nazca American Plate Plate AustralianAustralian PlatePlate Key plate boundary Antarctic Plate epicentre of earthquake Fig. 4.1 (a) (i) What is meant by the term epicentre? ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Describe the relationship between earthquakes and plate boundaries shown on Fig. 4.1. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (b) Table 4.1 shows the depth of focus and magnitude (strength) of the earthquakes shown on Fig. 4.1. Table 4.1 Depth of focus Magnitude (km) (Richter value) 206 3.9 36 5.5 121 4.5 68 5.2 36 4.6 54 4.5 44 2.7 8 3.4 35 2.6 5 2.6 1 2.6 7 2.6 6 3.5 110 3.2 35 3.3 108 5.9 216 4.2 11 4.8 Table 4.2 describes the depth of earthquake foci. Table 4.2 Depth of focus (km) Description 0–50 shallow 51–300 medium 301–670 deep Using Table 4.2, what is the depth of most of the earthquakes shown on Fig. 4.1 and Table 4.1? Tick one box in the table below. [1] Tick (3) shallow medium deep (c) (i) Table 4.3 describes the magnitude (strength) of earthquakes. Table 4.3 Magnitude Description Average frequency (Richter value) per year 2–3.9 minor More than 1 million 4–4.9 light 10 000–150 000 5–5.9 moderate 1000–1500 6–6.9 strong 100–150 7–7.9 major 10–20 8 and over great 1 What term describes most of the earthquakes shown on Fig. 4.1 and Table 4.1? Tick one box below. Tick (3) minor light moderate strong major great [1] (ii) Describe the relationship between the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes shown in Table 4.3. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (d) Give two earthquake hazards which cause death or injury to people. 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 2 .............................................................................................................................................[2] [Total: 8]

Mark scheme: 4(a)(i) point on Earth’s surface above focus / origin 1 4(a)(ii) on plate boundaries, 2 some / 1 / 2 / 3 away from boundaries, mostly destructive / convergent boundaries 4(b) shallow 1 4(c)(i) minor 1 4(c)(ii) inverse relationship / negative correlation, 1 as one increases the other decreases (allow other expressions) 4(d) falling buildings, 2 collapse of other named structure (e.g. bridge, power line, road, trees, furniture), fire, breaking glass, named post-earthquake hazard (e.g. famine, disease), tsunami, slope failure / mass movement

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5 Study the following information about the weather for one week in January in Cumbria, UK. Table 5.1 Date in January 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 maximum temperature (°C) 6 7 8 8 8 5 4 minimum temperature (°C) 4 4 5 4 0 –2 –4 wind direction SW SW W W N E E rainfall (mm) 8 10 4 0 0 0 0 weather (a) Name three of the instruments used to collect the data in Table 5.1. 1....................................................................... 2....................................................................... 3....................................................................... [3] (b) Using the information in Table 5.1 only, describe the relationship between wind direction and rainfall. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[1] (c) Look at the information about wind direction on January 30 and 31 shown in Table 5.1. Plot this information on Fig. 5.1. [1] Wind rose for January N NW NE Key = 1 day W E SW SE S Fig. 5.1 (d) Using the information in Table 5.1, calculate the range of temperature on January 30. .....................................................°C [1] (e) Using the information in Table 5.1, describe the influence of cloud cover on temperatures. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[2] [Total: 8]

Mark scheme: 5(a) maximum – minimum thermometers / Six’s thermometer, 3 wind / weather vane, rain gauge, sunshine recorder 5(b) SW wind rain E / N wind no rain (allow sunny / no cloud) 1 5(c) correct plot of 2 days east 1 5(d) 7 °C 1 5(e) more cloud higher maximum, (If neither given allow 2 more cloud higher minimum, more cloud higher temperatures = 1) more cloud smaller range Or converse of each point.

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6 Figs. 6.1 and 6.2 (Insert) are photographs which show two sides of the same street in Cambridge, UK. (a) Describe the buildings seen in Fig. 6.1. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[5] (b) Using evidence from Figs. 6.1 and 6.2 only, suggest why the street is a popular destination for tourists. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 8] Additional Pages If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), 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Mark scheme: 6(a) tall / narrow, 5 4 / 5 storeys, brick (allow blocks), shops / commercial on ground floor (allow 1st floor), joined to each other / close to each other, balconies, different designs / colours, large windows, chimneys, sloping roofs 6(b) shopping, 3 café / restaurant, history / culture / old, architecture / named building (e.g. palace, church, castle, university)

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