Forces — Paper 3 · IGCSE Science - Combined 0653

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an elevator (lift) which takes people to different floors in a tall building. The elevator travels up the lift shaft pulled by a long rope. There are no people in the elevator, which has stopped at the bottom floor. rope elevator elevator shaft Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1 draw two arrows to show the action of the two main forces acting on the elevator while it is stopped. [2] (ii) One force is measured and found to be 5000 N. State whether the other force is 5000 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [1] (iii) The elevator begins to move upwards to the top floor. Describe any changes in the two forces acting which are needed to make this happen. … … [1] (b) The elevator moves upwards at an average speed of 2 m / s. It moves 30 m up the elevator shaft and stops at the top floor. (i) Calculate the time taken by the elevator to travel from the bottom floor to the top floor. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working time = … s [2] (ii) State the type of energy gained by the elevator because it is moving. … [1] (iii) State the type of energy gained by the elevator when it has stopped at the top floor. … [1] (c) On Fig. 3.2 sketch the shape of the speed-time graph for the journey of the elevator from the bottom floor to the top floor. speed time Fig. 3.2 [1]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) two opposite vertical arrows ; both arrows touching the lift ; 2 3(a)(ii) (5000 N – no mark) lift not moving, so forces balanced / equal and opposite ; 1 3(a)(iii) upward force must increase ; 1 3(b)(i) speed = distance/time (or rearranged) ; time (= distance/speed) = 30/2 = 15 (s) ; 2 3(b)(ii) kinetic / motion (energy) ; 1 3(b)(iii) (gravitational) potential (energy) ; 1 3(c) ; 1 time speed

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a wind surfer on a surf board, driven by the wind, sailing at a constant speed across the sea. The arrows labelled A, B, C and D show the forces acting on the surf board. direction of wind direction of travel C B D A Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Complete Table 3.1 using the letters A, B, C and D. Table 3.1 name of force letter on Fig. 3.1 driving force frictional force upthrust of water weight [2] (ii) Force A is measured and found to be 1200 N. State whether force C is 1200 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your answer. … … [1] (iii) State which force needs to be increased to make the surf board sail at a faster speed. … [1] (b) The speed of the surf board is 12 km / h. Calculate the speed of the surf board in m / s. Show your working. speed = … m / s [1] (c) The wind provides the energy for the work needed to move the surf board across the sea. (i) State the two quantities that must be measured to calculate the work done in moving the surf board during its journey across the sea. … and … [2] (ii) State the type of energy the surf board has when it is being moved by the wind. … [1] (iii) The wind stops blowing and the surf board slows down and stops. Describe what has happened to the energy in (c)(ii). … … [1]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) name of force letter on Fig. 1.1 driving force B frictional force D upthrust of water C weight A two letters correct ; two more letters correct ; 2 3(a)(ii) (Force C is 1200 N) no mark no vertical motion / forces (A and C) must balance ; 1 3(a)(iii) B / driving force ; 1 3(b) 12 km / h (= 12 000 m / h = 200 m / min) = 3.3 m / s ; 1 3(c)(i) (magnitude of) force ; distance (moved) ; 2 3(c)(ii) kinetic (energy) / KE ; 1 3(c)(iii) transferred to other forms of energy ; 1

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an aircraft flying at a constant height and constant speed above the Earth’s surface. The arrows labelled A, B, C and D show the forces acting on the aircraft. B C A D Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Complete Table 3.1 using the letters A, B, C and D. Table 3.1 name of force letter on Fig. 3.1 driving force frictional force lifting force weight [2] (ii) Force D is measured and found to be 500 000 N. State whether force B is 500 000 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [1] (iii) State which force should be increased by the pilot 1. to make the aircraft fly at a faster speed, … 2. to make the aircraft go up to a higher height. … [2] (b) The speed of the aircraft is 600 km / h. (i) Calculate the speed of the aircraft in m / s. Show your working. speed = … m / s [1] (ii) The aircraft travels at this speed for a distance of 2700 km. The pilot tells his passengers that the flight time will be 4 hours 30 minutes. Show by calculation that the pilot is correct. [1] (c) The aircraft slows down and descends to a lower height. Describe the energy changes that have taken place for the aircraft. … … … [2] (d) Another aircraft takes off and climbs to cruising height. It then travels at a constant speed until it descends and lands. On Fig. 3.2 sketch the shape of the speed-time graph for the whole journey of this aircraft from take-off to landing. speed 0 0 time Fig. 3.2 [2] Please turn over for Question 4

11 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) one mark for each two correct ;; name of force letter on Fig. 1.1 driving force A frictional force C lifting force B weight D 2 3(a)(ii) (Force B is 500 000 N) no mark constant height; forces (B and D) are balanced ; 1 3(a)(iii) 1. A / driving force ; 2. B / lifting force ; 2 3(b)(i) 600 km / h = 600 000 / 3600 m / s = 167 m / s ; 1 3(b)(ii) time (= distance / speed) = 2700 / 600 = 4.5 h 1 3(c) loss of kinetic energy ; loss of (gravitational) potential energy ; 2 3(d) any variation on this shape that goes from the origin to a maximum and returns to speed = 0 ; horizontal section at constant maximum speed ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an aircraft flying at a constant height and constant speed above the Earth’s surface. The arrows labelled A, B, C and D show the forces acting on the aircraft. B C A D Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Complete Table 3.1 using the letters A, B, C and D. Table 3.1 name of force letter on Fig. 3.1 driving force frictional force lifting force weight [2] (ii) Force D is measured and found to be 500 000 N. State whether force B is 500 000 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [1] (iii) State which force should be increased by the pilot 1. to make the aircraft fly at a faster speed, … 2. to make the aircraft go up to a higher height. … [2] (b) The speed of the aircraft is 600 km / h. (i) Calculate the speed of the aircraft in m / s. Show your working. speed = … m / s [1] (ii) The aircraft travels at this speed for a distance of 2700 km. The pilot tells his passengers that the flight time will be 4 hours 30 minutes. Show by calculation that the pilot is correct. [1] (c) The aircraft slows down and descends to a lower height. Describe the energy changes that have taken place for the aircraft. … … … [2] (d) Another aircraft takes off and climbs to cruising height. It then travels at a constant speed until it descends and lands. On Fig. 3.2 sketch the shape of the speed-time graph for the whole journey of this aircraft from take-off to landing. speed 0 0 time Fig. 3.2 [2] Please turn over for Question 4

11 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) one mark for each two correct ;; name of force letter on Fig. 1.1 driving force A frictional force C lifting force B weight D 2 3(a)(ii) (Force B is 500 000 N) no mark constant height; forces (B and D) are balanced ; 1 3(a)(iii) 1. A / driving force ; 2. B / lifting force ; 2 3(b)(i) 600 km / h = 600 000 / 3600 m / s = 167 m / s ; 1 3(b)(ii) time (= distance / speed) = 2700 / 600 = 4.5 h 1 3(c) loss of kinetic energy ; loss of (gravitational) potential energy ; 2 3(d) any variation on this shape that goes from the origin to a maximum and returns to speed = 0 ; horizontal section at constant maximum speed ; 2

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a guitar. Fig. 3.1 (a) The guitar produces sounds with frequencies between 80 Hz and 5000 Hz. (i) State what is meant by a frequency of 80 Hz. … [1] (ii) A guitarist plays a note of frequency 250 Hz twice on his guitar. The first time he plays the note with a large amplitude. The second time he plays the note with a small amplitude. Describe the difference the listener will hear between these two notes. … … [1] (iii) State whether a person with normal hearing can hear all the frequencies produced by this guitar. Give a reason for your answer. … … [1] (b) At a concert the sound of the guitar is broadcast on a radio programme using radio waves. Name the type of wave to which radio waves belong. … [1] (c) Fig. 3.2 shows a girl using a periscope to see the guitarist over the heads of people in front of her. mirror 1 periscope mirror 2 Fig. 3.2 (i) Describe the characteristics of the image of the guitarist that the girl sees in the periscope. … … [2] (ii) Fig. 3.3 shows one of the rays of light as it reflects off mirror 2. normal 45º mirror 2 Fig. 3.3 (not to scale) State the value of the angle of incidence. … [1] (d) The guitarist investigates the extension of a guitar string made of steel when different tension forces are used to stretch it. Fig. 3.4 shows the graph of some results obtained from this experiment. 6 5 4 extension / mm 3 2 1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 tension force / N Fig. 3.4 The guitarist adjusts the note played by a guitar string by adjusting the tension in the guitar string. The more the tension force, the higher the note. (i) The guitarist must only increase the tension force while the extension remains proportional to the tension force. Use the graph to suggest the maximum tension force that the guitarist can use. … [1] (ii) Suggest what would happen to the guitar string if the tension force is increased to 110 N. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [1]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) 80 waves / cycles / vibrations / oscillations per second ; 1 3(a)(ii) first note louder than second note ; 1 3(a)(iii) yes (no mark) frequency range of guitar lies within frequency range of normal human hearing / is within range 20 Hz – 20 kHz ; 1 3(b) electromagnetic waves ; 1 3(c)(i) any two from upright ; virtual ; same size ; max 2 3(c)(ii) 45° ; 1 3(d)(i) answer in range 80–84 N ; 1 3(d)(ii) string breaks (as graph goes up vertically) / permanently stretches / owtte ; 1

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2017

9 Fig. 9.1 shows two horizontal forces acting on a car driving along a road. force B force A Fig. 9.1 (a) (i) Force A is the driving force produced by the engine. Name force B. … [1] (ii) The car is travelling at constant speed. Describe how force A compares with force B. … … [2] (b) The car is powered by batteries that can be recharged from solar cells when the batteries run down. Complete the sequence of energy transfers as the batteries are recharged. Write the types of energy produced in the blank spaces. Nuclear energy in the Sun … … energy transferred from the Sun to the solar cells … energy transferred from the solar cells chemical energy in the batteries. [2] … (c) Fig. 9.2 shows a car crossing a bridge. Fig. 9.2 Fig. 9.3 shows a gap in the road surface on the bridge. Fig. 9.3 (i) On a hot sunny day the temperature of the bridge rises. Describe what will happen to the gap as the temperature rises. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [2] (ii) Use words from the list below to complete the blanks in the sentence that follows. Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all. boils evaporates faster larger melts slower smaller After rain, the road surface is wet with water which slowly … as the … molecules escape from the water surface. [2] (iii) On a cold winter’s day, the temperature is –5 °C. Water vapour in the air freezes onto the road surface as ice. On Fig. 9.4 draw a line to link the correct arrangement of molecules in water vapour to the correct arrangement of molecules in ice. water vapour ice Fig. 9.4 [1]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 9(a)(i) friction / frictional force / resistance force ; 1 9(a)(ii) equal (magnitude) ; opposite (direction) ; 2 9(b) light ; electrical ; 2 Question Answer Marks 9(c)(i) gap will close : (thermal) expansion (of bridge structure) owtte ; 2 9(c)(ii) evaporates ; faster ; 2 9(c)(iii) line drawn between the two bottom boxes ; 1

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a helicopter hovering above the ground. rotor blades Fig. 3.1 (a) The helicopter stays in one place as it hovers. The turning rotor blades provide the uplift force to keep it in the air. On Fig. 3.1 draw two force arrows to show the vertical forces acting on the helicopter. Label each arrow with the name of the force acting on the helicopter. [3] (b) The helicopter uses fuel to power its engines which turn the rotor blades. The pilot increases the speed of the rotor blades and the helicopter climbs vertically to a height of 1000 m. It then hovers again at this height. Complete the sequence of energy transfers for the helicopter below. … energy in the fuel … energy of the rotor blades kinetic … energy of the climbing helicopter … energy of the helicopter at 1000 m. [3] (c) The helicopter starts to move forward. It increases speed for 20 s until it reaches a constant speed of 50 m / s. It continues at this speed for 100 s. It then slows down for 10 s to hover in one place again. (i) On the grid in Fig. 3.2, plot a speed-time graph of the helicopter journey, which lasts 130 s. 50 40 30 speed m / s 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 time / s Fig. 3.2 [2] (ii) Calculate the distance moved by the helicopter while flying at constant speed. Show your working. working distance = … m [2]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) force arrow vertically upward labelled ‘uplift’ ; force arrow vertically downward labelled ‘weight’ or ‘gravitational force’ ; (the two vertical) arrows in contact with helicopter / of equal length ; 3 3(b) chemical ; kinetic ; gravitational / potential ; 3 3(c)(i) one section of plot correct ; all 3 sections of the plot correct ; 2 3(c)(ii) distance = speed × time (= 50 × 100) ; = 5000 (m) ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows four forces, P, Q, R and S, acting on a submarine. The submarine is travelling underwater and moving to the right at constant speed. P S Q R Fig. 3.1 (a) In Table 3.1 complete the names of the forces P, Q, R and S. Table 3.1 P uplift Q R S driving force [2] (b) The submarine is travelling at a constant depth. State how the magnitude of force P compares to force R. … [1] (c) The submarine captain cannot use a radio transmitter underwater. The captain orders the crew to take the submarine to the surface so he can use a radio transmitter. (i) State which force must be increased to bring the submarine to the surface. … [1] (ii) Fig. 3.2 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum. On Fig. 3.2 add radio waves in their correct place. visible micro- gamma light waves Fig. 3.2 [1] (iii) Electromagnetic waves do not pass easily through sea water. Suggest a different kind of wave that can travel in water and might be used to send a signal. … [1] (d) When submerged, the submarine has to use an energy source that does not depend upon the Sun or on burning a fuel. Suggest a suitable energy source that can be carried in a submarine in order to power the submarine underwater. … [1] (e) Use steps 1 to 3 below to calculate the average speed of the submarine in metres per second (m / s) if it travels 30 kilometres in 1 hour. Step 1: convert 30 kilometres to metres. … m Step 2: convert 1 hour to seconds. … s Step 3: calculate the speed in metres per second. speed = … m / s [2]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) (Q =) friction / (water) resistance ; (R =) gravitational force / weight ; 2 3(b) (forces P and R) equal / balanced ; 1 3(c)(i) P / uplift ; 1 3(c)(ii) gamma visible light micro- waves radio waves ; 1 3(c)(iii) sound ; 1 3(d) nuclear / batteries ; 1 3(e) either 30 km = 30 000 m or 1 hour = 3600 s ; (30 000 / 3600) = 8.3 m / s ; 2

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 is a diagram which shows the International Space Station which is kept in orbit around the Earth by a force which prevents it escaping into space. Fig. 3.1 (a) Name this force. … [1] (b) On one of its orbits, the space station travels at a speed of 28 000 km / h and takes 90 minutes to complete one orbit of the Earth. Calculate the distance travelled by the space station during this orbit. Show your working. distance = … km [2] (c) The mass of the Earth is 5972 × 1021 kg. The volume of the Earth is 1.08 × 1021 m3. Calculate the density of the Earth. State the formula you use, show your working and give the units of your answer. formula working density = … units … [3] (d) Fig. 3.2 shows the large solar panels that provide energy for the space station. solar panels Fig. 3.2 (i) The solar cells are in large panels that face the Sun to gather energy. This energy is stored by charging batteries on board the space station. Complete the sequence of energy conversions that take place. Radiation from the Sun to … energy in the solar cells to … energy in the batteries. [2] (ii) Each solar cell contains solid crystals of silicon. On Fig. 3.3 below draw a diagram to show the arrangement of atoms in a crystal of silicon. One atom has been drawn for you; you should draw at least 10 more atoms of the same size. Fig. 3.3 [2]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) gravitational force / weight ; 1 3(b) speed = distance / time or AV ; distance (= speed × time) = 28 000 × 90 / 60 = 42 000 (km) ; 2 3(c) density = mass / volume ; = 5972 × 1021 / 1.08 × 1021 = 5530 ; (units) kg / m3 ; 3 3(d)(i) electrical (energy in solar cells) ; chemical (energy in the batteries) ; 2 3(d)(ii) regular arrangement of at least 10 atoms of similar size ; all touching ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an airship carrying a heavy load. airship load Fig. 3.1 (a) The airship and load are floating above the ground. (i) On Fig. 3.1 draw two force arrows to show the vertical forces acting on the load. [2] (ii) At one point in its journey, the airship is moving and all the forces acting on the airship are balanced. Describe the motion of the airship at this time. … … [1] (iii) Name the unit of force. … [1] (b) Fig. 3.2 shows a speed‑time graph for part of the journey of the airship. 5.0 4.0 speed 3.0 m / s 2.0 1.0 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 time / s Fig. 3.2 (i) State the speed of the airship at 70 s. … m / s [1] (ii) Use terms from this list to complete the statements below. Each term may be used once, more than once or not at all. constant speed decreasing speed increasing speed Between 0 s and 25 s the airship travels with … . Between 25 s and 65 s the airship travels with … . Between 80 s and 90 s the airship travels with … . [1] (c) The load is a solid metal cube of density 7000 kg / m3. Each side of the cube measures 0.50 m. (i) Calculate the volume of the metal cube. Show your working. volume = … m3 [1] (ii) Calculate the mass of the metal cube. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working mass = … kg [2]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) two opposing vertical force arrows ; both arrows acting on the load ; 2 3(a)(ii) moving at constant speed ; 1 3(a)(iii) newton / N ; 1 3(b)(i) 3 (m / s) 1 3(b)(ii) increasing speed, constant speed, decreasing speed in this order only 1 Question Answer Marks 3(c)(i) volume of cube = 0.50 × 0.50 × 0.50 = 0.125 (m3) ; 1 3(c)(ii) density = mass / volume or d = m / V or m = V × d or mass = 0.125 × 7000 ; = 875 (kg) or 880 (kg) ; 2

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a crane carrying a load. The crane is floating in the sea on a calm day. load crane sea Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) The load is stationary. On Fig. 3.1 draw two force arrows to show the vertical forces acting on the load. [2] (ii) One of the forces acting on the load is called tension. Name the other force acting on the load. … [1] (b) The crane lifts a load upwards from the sea bed to the surface of the sea at a constant speed of 0.60 m / s. The depth of the sea is 200 m. Calculate the time taken to lift the load from the sea bed to the surface. Show your working. time = … s [2] (c) The load being lifted by the crane is a large container full of sea water. The volume inside the container is 5000 dm3. The density of sea water is 1.025 kg / dm3. Calculate the mass of sea water being lifted. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working mass = … kg [2] (d) Two cranes, A and B, are working to lift loads. Crane A has a power output of 35 kW, crane B has a power output of 40 kW. (i) Name the unit with the symbol W. … [1] (ii) Both cranes can lift the same load through the same distance from the sea bed to the surface. Explain why the higher power output from crane B means it can lift the load to the surface faster than crane A. … … … … [2]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) two opposing vertical force arrows ; both arrows from the load ; 2 3(a)(ii) weight / gravitational force ; 1 3(b) speed = distance / time or time = 200 / 0.60 ; = 333 s ; 2 3(c) density = mass / volume or mass = volume × density = 5000 × 1.025 ; = 5125 (kg) ; 2 3(d)(i) watt ; 1 3(d)(ii) idea that the same amount of energy is transferred / work done ; the same amount of energy is transferred / work done in less time ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a crane carrying a load. The crane is floating in the sea on a calm day. load crane sea Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) The load is stationary. On Fig. 3.1 draw two force arrows to show the vertical forces acting on the load. [2] (ii) One of the forces acting on the load is called tension. Name the other force acting on the load. … [1] (b) The crane lifts a load upwards from the sea bed to the surface of the sea at a constant speed of 0.60 m / s. The depth of the sea is 200 m. Calculate the time taken to lift the load from the sea bed to the surface. Show your working. time = … s [2] (c) The load being lifted by the crane is a large container full of sea water. The volume inside the container is 5000 dm3. The density of sea water is 1.025 kg / dm3. Calculate the mass of sea water being lifted. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working mass = … kg [2] (d) Two cranes, A and B, are working to lift loads. Crane A has a power output of 35 kW, crane B has a power output of 40 kW. (i) Name the unit with the symbol W. … [1] (ii) Both cranes can lift the same load through the same distance from the sea bed to the surface. Explain why the higher power output from crane B means it can lift the load to the surface faster than crane A. … … … … [2]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) two opposing vertical force arrows ; both arrows from the load ; 2 3(a)(ii) weight / gravitational force ; 1 3(b) speed = distance / time or time = 200 / 0.60 ; = 333 s ; 2 3(c) density = mass / volume or mass = volume × density = 5000 × 1.025 ; = 5125 (kg) ; 2 3(d)(i) watt ; 1 3(d)(ii) idea that the same amount of energy is transferred / work done ; the same amount of energy is transferred / work done in less time ; 2

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a train made up of a steam engine and a passenger coach. steam engine passenger coach Fig. 3.1 (a) The train is travelling at a constant speed along a level track. Fig. 3.2 shows the four forces W, X, Y and Z acting on the train. X W Y Z Fig. 3.2 (i) Name force Z. … [1] (ii) The force arrows on Fig. 3.2 do not show the sizes of the forces. State whether or not the driver has made force W equal in size to force Y. Explain your answer. … … [1] (b) Fig. 3.3 shows a speed–time graph of the train as it travels between two stations. 30 20 speed m / s 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 time / s Fig. 3.3 (i) On Fig. 3.3, use the letter P to label one point in the journey when the train is travelling with changing speed. [1] (ii) The distance between the two stations is 12.8 km. State the distance between the stations in metres. distance = … m [1] (iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and information from the graph to calculate the average speed of the train on this journey in m / s. Show your working. average speed = … m / s [2] (c) The steam engine is powered by burning coal to boil water. This makes steam that moves the engine. Complete the energy transfer that moves the train. … energy in the coal … energy of the train. [2] (d) State the original source of the energy stored in coal. … [1]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) weight / gravitational (force) ; 1 3(a)(ii) yes (no mark) constant speed / no acceleration, (so forces must balance) ; 1 3(b)(i) P on any point on graph line between 0 and 200 s, or between 520 and 650 s ; 1 3(b)(ii) 12 800 (m) ; 1 3(b)(iii) (average speed = ) (total) distance / (total) time ; (12800 / 650) = 19.7 or 20 (m / s) ; 2 3(c) chemical ; kinetic ; 2 3(d) the Sun ; 1

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a farm tractor pulling a trailer. Fig. 3.1 (a) The tractor and trailer are moving across a level field. Fig. 3.2 shows the four forces W, X, Y and Z acting on the trailer. X Y W Z Fig. 3.2 (i) State the letter corresponding to the gravitational force acting on the trailer. … [1] (ii) The tractor and trailer are moving at a constant speed. Force W has a value of 2000 N. State the value of force Y. Explain your answer. value of force Y = … N explanation … … [2] (b) The tractor leaves the trailer in the field and drives to the farmyard. Fig. 3.3 shows a speed–time graph of the tractor as it travels from the field to the farmyard. 4 3 speed 2 m / s 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 time / s Fig. 3.3 (i) On Fig 3.3, label with a letter C a point in the journey when the tractor is travelling with changing speed. [1] (ii) The tractor travels 200 m from the field to the farmyard. Use information from the graph to calculate the average speed of the tractor on this journey in m / s. Show your working. average speed = … m / s [2] (c) (i) The tractor is powered by a diesel engine, which burns diesel oil. Complete the energy transfer that occurs to move the tractor. … energy in the diesel oil … energy of the tractor. [2] (ii) State the original source of the energy stored in diesel oil. … [1] (iii) To keep the tractor moving at constant speed for 30 s, an energy input of 300 000 J from diesel fuel is needed. Only 60 000 J is required to do the work against forces resisting the motion. Describe what happens to most of the wasted energy. … … [1]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) Z 1 3(a)(ii) 2000 N ; constant speed / no acceleration, (so forces must balance) ; 2 3(b)(i) C on any point on graph line between 0 and 20 s, or between 50 and 60 s ; 1 3(b)(ii) (average) speed = (total) distance / (total) time ; = 200 / 60 = 3.3(3) (m / s) ; 2 3(c)(i) chemical ; kinetic ; 2 3(c)(ii) the Sun ; 1 3(c)(iii) converted / transformed into thermal energy ; 1

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a whale swimming underwater. P R Q Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) The force arrows labelled P and Q show the vertical forces acting on the whale. Name force Q. … [1] (ii) The whale is swimming at constant depth, using a force R to push itself forward. On Fig. 3.1 draw a force arrow to show the frictional force opposing the motion of the whale, and label it S. [1] (iii) When force R is 500 N, the whale moves at a constant speed of 5.0 km / h. State the value of force S. force S = … N [1] (iv) Force R decreases to 400 N. Force P increases. Describe how these two changes affect the motion of the whale. … … … [2] (b) The whale does work against the friction of the water as it swims at a constant speed and a constant depth on a journey. (i) State the two quantities needed to calculate the work done by the whale on its journey. … and … [2] (ii) Complete the sequence of energy changes that occur on the whale’s journey. … energy in the whale to … energy of the whale thermal to … energy transferred to the water. [2] (c) The whale makes a sound to call to another whale 9000 m away. The second whale hears the call 6.0 seconds later. Calculate the speed of sound in water. Show your working. speed = … m / s [2] [Total: 11]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) weight / gravitational force / (force of) gravity 1 3(a)(ii) horizontal arrow pointing to right, with one end touching whale 1 3(a)(iii) 500 (N) 1 3(a)(iv) slows down ; moves upwards ; 2 3(b)(i) force (exerted by the whale) ; distance (travelled) ; 2 3(b)(ii) chemical potential ; (to) kinetic ; 2 3(c) speed = distance/time or 9000 / 6.0 ; = 1500 (m / s) ; 2

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2019

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a forklift truck moving a large heavy box towards a shelf. Q shelf box P R S Fig. 9.1 (a) The arrows labelled P, Q, R and S show four forces acting on the forklift truck. (i) State which letter represents the frictional forces acting on the moving truck. … [1] (ii) The truck stops and the motor is switched off. State the letters of all the forces that now have a value of 0 N. … [1] (b) The box has a mass of 500 kg. The forklift truck lifts the box upwards from rest on the ground using a force to push the box up. Fig. 9.2 shows the directions of the forces acting on the box. U W Fig. 9.2 (i) The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg. Calculate the weight W of the box. W = … N [1] (ii) State how the upward force U on the box compares with the weight W of the box as the box begins to move upwards. … [1] (iii) The truck lifts the box towards two shelves, one at 1 m above the ground, the other at 3 m above the ground. Compare the work required to lift the box from the ground to the higher shelf with the work required to lift the box from the ground to the lower shelf. Explain your answer. … … … [2] (c) The truck is driven a distance of 225 m to collect another box. Fig. 9.3 shows the speed–time graph for this journey. 6 5 speed m / s 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 time / s Fig. 9.3 (i) Calculate the average speed of the truck on this journey. Show your working. average speed = … m / s [2] (ii) Describe the motion of the truck between 0 s and 20 s. … [1] (iii) The truck is driven by an electric motor powered by a battery. Complete the energy transfers involved. from … energy in the battery to … energy driving the motor to kinetic energy of the truck. [2] [Total: 11]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 9(a)(i) R ; 1 9(a)(ii) R, P ; 1 9(b)(i) 5000 (N) ; 1 9(b)(ii) greater ; 1 9(b)(iii) more work ; (same force / box lifted through) greater distance (from the ground) / box lifted through 3 m rather than 1 m ; 2 9(c)(i) average speed = total distance / total time or speed = d t = 225 60 ; = 3.75 m/s ; 2 9(c)(ii) accelerating / speeding up ; 1 9(c)(iii) chemical / potential) ; (to) electrical ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2019

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a boy in a swimming pool. Fig. 3.1 The boy swims a length of the pool. (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1 draw an arrow to show the frictional force of water resistance on the boy. [1] (ii) He exerts a force of 40 N to swim at constant speed. State the value of the frictional force of water resistance. Give a reason for your answer. force = … N reason … … [1] (b) The boy swims at a speed of 0.80 m / s. Calculate the time taken by the boy to swim 25 m at this speed. Show your working. time = … s [2] (c) Fig. 3.2 shows a speed–time graph for another swimmer. 0.8 speed 0.6 m / s 0.4 0.2 0 0 10 20 30 40 time / s Fig. 3.2 Describe the motion of the swimmer between 10 s and 40 s. … … … [2] (d) The time taken by the swimmer in (c) is measured by an electronic stop-clock. The stop-clock is stopped when the swimmer crosses a beam of infrared radiation. (i) Suggest one reason why X-rays would not be suitable for this purpose. … … [1] (ii) Fig. 3.3 shows the electromagnetic spectrum. On Fig. 3.3 write infrared radiation in its correct place in the spectrum. visible radio X-rays light waves Fig. 3.3 [1] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) arrow pointing left to right, touching swimmer ; 1 3(a)(ii) 40 N because are equal and opposite / forces balance ; 1 3(b) speed = distance / time or time = distance / speed or time = 25 / 0.8 ; = 31 (s) 2 3(c) 10–20 s / for 10 s, constant speed (of 0.8 m / s) ; 20–40 s / next 20 s, changing speed / slowing down / decelerating (to a stop at 40 s) ; 2 3(d)(i) X-rays are harmful ; 1 3(d)(ii) X-rays visible light infra-red radio waves 1

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2019

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a game played on a sloping board. traps spring ball knob Fig. 3.1 A ball is launched by a spring up the slope and around the top of the board. The ball then rolls down the slope to fall into one of the traps. (a) Fig. 3.2 shows the compressed spring when the knob is pulled back. compressed spring knob ball Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3 shows the spring before it is compressed. knob ball Fig. 3.3 (i) On Fig. 3.3 draw a force arrow to show the direction of the force used to compress the spring. [1] (ii) State two effects that a force can have on an object. 1. … 2. … [2] (iii) As the spring is pulled back, work is done. State the two quantities that are needed to calculate the work done. 1. … 2. … [2] (b) When the ball is launched up the slope, energy is transferred from the compressed spring to the ball. The energy of the ball changes as it moves up the slope to other types of energy. Complete the sequence of energy changes. One has been done for you. from … elastic potential energy in the spring to … energy of the ball as it begins to move up the slope to … potential energy as the ball slows down going up the slope and … thermal energy lost to the environment [2] (c) The ball is made from steel. The mass of the ball is 6.0 g. The volume of the ball is 0.75 cm3. Calculate the density of the steel ball. Show your working. density = … g / cm3 [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) horizontal arrow to the right ; 1 3(a)(ii) any two from: changes (object’s) shape ; changes (object’s) size ; changes (object’s) motion ; 2 3(a)(iii) force (applied) ; distance (moved) ; 2 3(b) kinetic ; gravitational ; 2 3(c) density = mass / volume or density = 6.0 (g) / 0.75 (cm3) ; = 8.0 or 8 (g/cm3) ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2019

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a game played on a sloping board. traps spring ball knob Fig. 3.1 A ball is launched by a spring up the slope and around the top of the board. The ball then rolls down the slope to fall into one of the traps. (a) Fig. 3.2 shows the compressed spring when the knob is pulled back. compressed spring knob ball Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3 shows the spring before it is compressed. knob ball Fig. 3.3 (i) On Fig. 3.3 draw a force arrow to show the direction of the force used to compress the spring. [1] (ii) State two effects that a force can have on an object. 1. … 2. … [2] (iii) As the spring is pulled back, work is done. State the two quantities that are needed to calculate the work done. 1. … 2. … [2] (b) When the ball is launched up the slope, energy is transferred from the compressed spring to the ball. The energy of the ball changes as it moves up the slope to other types of energy. Complete the sequence of energy changes. One has been done for you. from … elastic potential energy in the spring to … energy of the ball as it begins to move up the slope to … potential energy as the ball slows down going up the slope and … thermal energy lost to the environment [2] (c) The ball is made from steel. The mass of the ball is 6.0 g. The volume of the ball is 0.75 cm3. Calculate the density of the steel ball. Show your working. density = … g / cm3 [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) horizontal arrow to the right ; 1 3(a)(ii) any two from: changes (object’s) shape ; changes (object’s) size ; changes (object’s) motion ; 2 3(a)(iii) force (applied) ; distance (moved) ; 2 3(b) kinetic ; gravitational ; 2 3(c) density = mass / volume or density = 6.0 (g) / 0.75 (cm3) ; = 8.0 or 8 (g/cm3) ; 2

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2019

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a crane lifting a load up the side of a building. The crane uses an electric motor to lift the load. cabin load electricity supply cable Fig. 6.1 (a) (i) Complete the sequence of useful energy transfers that occur as the crane lifts the load from the ground to the top of the building. electrical energy … … potential energy [2] (ii) The electrical energy supplied is 250 000 J. When the load stops at the top of the building, the gain in potential energy by the load is 150 000 J. State what has happened to most of the rest of the energy supplied. … [1] (b) The crane lifts the load from rest on the ground with an upward force of 6000 N. The load weighs 5000 N. (i) Fig. 6.2 shows the load attached to a rope for lifting the load. On Fig. 6.2 draw force arrows to show the weight and the lifting force acting on the load. Label the force arrows with their values. load Fig. 6.2 [2] (ii) Calculate the resultant force on the load. resultant force = … N [1] (iii) The resultant force causes the load to move upwards. Describe the upward motion of the load. … [1] (c) The crane is operated by a woman in the cabin at the top of the crane. Before starting to lift the load, she shouts a warning to a worker on the ground. The distance from the woman to the worker is 30 m. Speed of sound in air = 330 m/s. Calculate the time taken for the shouted warning to reach the worker. time = … s [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) (electrical energy)  kinetic (energy) ;  gravitational (potential energy) ; 2 6(a)(ii) (lost as / transformed into) thermal energy ; 1 Question Answer Marks 6(b)(i) 6000 N 5000 N both arrows in correct directions ; both arrows correctly labelled ; 2 6(b)(ii) (6000 – 5000 =) 1000 (N) ; 1 6(b)(iii) accelerating / changing speed ; 1 6(c) distance 30 time = speed 330 = ; = 0.09(1) s ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2020

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a square sheet of metal. The dimensions of the largest face are 20 cm × 20 cm. 20 cm 20 cm Fig. 3.1 (not to scale) (a) (i) The thickness of the sheet is 1.1 cm. Show that the volume of the sheet is 440 cm3. [1] (ii) The mass of the sheet is 1800 g. Calculate the density of the metal. density = … g / cm3 [2] (iii) The sheet lying flat on the ground in Fig. 3.1 exerts pressure on the ground. Fig. 3.2 shows the sheet standing on one edge on the ground. Fig. 3.2 (not to scale) Explain why the sheet in Fig. 3.2 exerts a much greater pressure on the ground than the sheet in Fig. 3.1. … … … [2] (b) The weight of the metal plate is 18 N. The metal plate is lifted from the ground with an upwards force of 20 N. (i) Calculate the resultant force on the metal plate. resultant force = … N [1] (ii) Fig. 3.3 shows a speed–time graph for the plate as it is lifted from the ground until it stops moving again. speed B C m / s A D 0 0 time / s Fig. 3.3 Describe the motion of the plate between the points shown on Fig. 3.3. A and B … B and C … C and D … [2] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) volume = 20 × 20 × 1.1 (= 440 cm3) ; 3(a)(ii) d = m / V = 1800 / 440 ; = 4.09 / 4.1 (g / cm3) ; 2 3(a)(iii) weight / force same in both positions ; area over which force acts is less, so pressure greater ; 2 3(b)(i) (resultant force = 20 – 18 =) 2 (N) ; 1 3(b)(ii) A – B: acceleration ; B – C: constant / steady / uniform, speed ; C – D: deceleration ; all 3 correct = 2 marks 1–2 correct = 1 mark max 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2020

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows the forces acting on a wheelbarrow full of sand as a man pushes it along a straight path at a constant speed. P sand wheelbarrow S Q R Fig. 3.1 (i) State the letter, P, Q, R or S, of the force due to the man pushing the wheelbarrow. … [1] (ii) State the letter, P, Q, R or S, of the force due to friction. … [1] (iii) State whether the two forces in (i) and (ii) are equal in size. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [1] (b) Fig. 3.2 shows the distance–time graph for the man pushing the wheelbarrow along the straight path. 4 3 distance / m 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 time / s Fig. 3.2 (i) On Fig. 3.2, draw an X on the graph to show a point when the man and wheelbarrow change speed. [1] (ii) On Fig. 3.2, draw a Y on the graph to show a point when the man and wheelbarrow are moving at maximum speed. [1] (c) The man pushes the wheelbarrow full of sand up a slope. (i) Complete the sequence of useful energy changes. chemical potential … … energy in the energy of the + potential energy of the man man and wheelbarrow man and wheelbarrow [2] (ii) Not all the energy changes taking place are useful. Some energy is lost as thermal energy. Identify two ways that energy is lost as thermal energy. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) The man pushes the wheelbarrow up the same slope again but this time with the wheelbarrow empty. Explain why the man does less work on this second journey up the slope. … … [1] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) Q ; 1 Question Answer Marks 3(a)(ii) S ; 1 3(a)(iii) Yes AND (because) (movement at) constant speed (so no resultant force) ; 1 3(b)(i) X at (1.5, 2) or (5, 3) ; 1 3(b)(ii) Y anywhere between (0, 0) and (1.5, 2) ; 1 3(c)(i) kinetic ; gravitational ; 2 3(c)(ii) any two from: friction ; air resistance ; man gets hot ; 2 3(d) (empty wheelbarrow has) less, mass / weight, so less force (from man) needed ; 1 Question Answer Marks

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2020

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a car moving forward along a road. The road goes over a hill. not to scale Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2 shows a speed–time graph for the car shown in Fig. 3.1. 15 10 speed m / s 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 time / s Fig. 3.2 (a) State the speed of the car before it reaches the hill. … m / s [1] (b) (i) State what is meant by the term acceleration. … [1] (ii) On Fig. 3.2 write an X at a point on the graph when the car is accelerating. [1] (c) The journey shown in Fig. 3.2 is a total distance of 83 m. Calculate the average speed of the car. speed = … m / s [2] (d) Fig. 3.3 shows the car moving forward along a level road at a constant speed. Fig. 3.3 (i) On Fig. 3.3 draw a force arrow to show the driving force acting on the car. [1] (ii) Suggest why there has to be a driving force to keep the car moving at constant speed. … … [1] (e) The car engine uses gasoline (petrol) to do work to move the car along the road. Complete the sentence below that describes the useful energy change as the car moves. The gasoline provides … energy that is changed into the … energy of the moving car. [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) 10 (m / s) ; 1 3(b)(i) increase of speed (per unit time) ; 1 3(b)(ii) X at any point on line between t=3 s and t=6 s ; 1 3(c) average speed = distance ÷ time / 83 ÷ 9.0 ; = 9.2 (m / s) ; 2 3(d)(i) force arrow horizontal, pointing to right ; 1 3(d)(ii) air resistance / friction / opposing forces ; 1 3(e) chemical potential ; kinetic ; in this order 2

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2021

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a motor boat moving forward across the sea. propeller Fig. 9.1 (a) The boat is travelling at a constant speed across the surface of the sea. Fig. 9.2 shows four forces, P, Q, R and S, acting on the boat. P S Q R Fig. 9.2 (i) State the letter of the force driving the boat forward. … [1] (ii) Some of these forces are equal to each other. Place a tick in the box next to each pair of forces that must be equal in magnitude to each other. P and Q P and R P and S Q and R Q and S R and S [2] (b) The motor boat is driven by a gasoline (petrol) engine that turns the propeller. (i) Complete the sequence of useful energy changes that take place from the gasoline to the motion of the boat. … energy in the gasoline thermal energy in the engine … energy of the propeller … energy of the moving boat. [3] (ii) The boat takes 5.0 minutes to travel 960 metres. Calculate the speed of the boat in metres per second. speed = … m/s [3] (c) The boat makes water waves behind it. Fig. 9.3 shows a graph of the height of the water waves against distance. height / m distance / m Fig. 9.3 The waves have a wavelength of 5 m and an amplitude of 0.8 m. On Fig. 9.3 label the axes with the correct scales for these waves. [2] [Total: 11]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 9(a)(i) Q ; 1 9(a)(ii) P and R (ticked) ; Q and S (ticked) ; 2 9(b)(i) (potential) chemical ; kinetic ; kinetic ; 3 Question Answer Marks 9(b)(ii) 5.0 min = 300 s ; speed = distance / time = 960 / 300 ; (speed =) 3.2 (m / s) ; 3 9(c) x-axis scale correct ; y-axis scale correct ; 2

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2021

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a cylinder made of solid copper. Fig. 3.1 The cylinder has a: • height of 25 cm • radius of 10 cm • mass of 70 000 g. (i) Show that the volume of the copper cylinder is 7850 cm3. π = 3.14 [2] (ii) Use the information above to calculate the density of copper in g / cm3. density = … g / cm3 [2] (b) Fig. 3.2 shows two electrically charged copper spheres next to each other. + – + + – – + + – – + + – – + + – – – – + + + – sphere A sphere B Fig. 3.2 (i) State which sphere is charged with an excess of electrons. Give a reason for your answer. sphere … reason … … [1] (ii) On Fig. 3.2 the force arrow shows the direction of the force exerted on sphere A by sphere B. Explain why sphere B exerts this force on sphere A. … … [2] (c) A length of thin copper wire has a resistance of 3 Ω. The potential difference (p.d.) across the wire is 12 V. Calculate the current in the copper wire. State the unit of your answer. current = … unit … [3] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) volume of cylinder = πr2 l ; 3.14 × 100 × 25 (= 7850 cm3) ; 3(a)(ii) density = mass ÷ volume / ρ = m ÷ V / = 70 000 ÷ 7850 ; (density =) 8.9(2) (g / cm3) ; 2 3(b)(i) sphere: B (no mark) reason: negatively charged ; 1 3(b)(ii) opposite charges ; attract ; 2 Question Answer Marks 3(c) R = V ÷ I / I = V ÷ R / = 12 ÷ 3 ; (current =) 4 ; (unit) amp / A ; 3

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2021

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a battery-powered electric bus. Fig. 6.1 The batteries are charged from the electricity supply through the cables. When the batteries are fully charged, the cable is unplugged and the bus is driven away. (a) (i) Complete the useful energy change when the batteries are being charged. electrical energy … energy [1] (ii) State the useful form of energy the bus has as it moves along the road. … [1] (b) The bus accelerates. Describe how the driving force on the bus compares with the frictional forces acting on the bus as it accelerates. … … [1] (c) The bus travels 15 km in 20 minutes. Calculate the average speed of the bus in metres per second. speed = … m/s [3] (d) Fig. 6.2 shows the electric circuit in the bus that: • powers the electric motor • lights the headlamps. B A M Fig. 6.2 M is the symbol for an electric motor (i) Name the component at point A. … [1] (ii) State the type of circuit connection for the two lamps. … [1] (iii) Suggest why the component at point A is not connected at point B in the circuit. Include ideas about the motor and the lamps in your answer. … … … … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) chemical ; 1 6(a)(ii) kinetic ; 1 6(b) (driving force is) larger / more (than the frictional force) ; 1 6(c) average speed = distance / time taken ; unit conversions = 15 000 m and 1200 s ; (15 000 / 1200 =) 12.5 (m / s) ; 3 6(d)(i) variable resistor ; 1 6(d)(ii) series ; 1 Question Answer Marks 6(d)(iii) (the variable resistor) at point A (only) controls the motors ; (if the variable resistor was) at point B (would) control / affect (brightness of) the headlamps ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2021

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a wave. X Y Fig. 3.1 Use Fig. 3.1 to complete the two sentences about the wave. • X shows the … of the wave. • Y shows the … of the wave. [2] (b) Table 3.1 shows the frequency ranges of sounds emitted by different species of whale. Table 3.1 species frequency range / Hz beluga whale 40–60 000 blue whale 10–39 dwarf minke whale 50–9 400 fin whale 16–40 State which species of whale emits sounds that are all heard by a healthy human ear. Give a reason for your answer. species of whale … reason … … [2] (c) A whale is swimming at a constant speed. (i) State the size of the resultant force on the whale. Give a reason for your answer. resultant force = … N reason … … [1] (ii) The whale swims at a constant speed of 6.1 m / s for 15 minutes. Calculate the distance the whale travels in this time. distance = … m [3] (iii) Energy is transferred while the whale is swimming. Complete the boxes to show the energy transfers that take place. chemical potential … … energy in the energy of the + energy in the whale’s body moving whale sea [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) X wavelength ; Y amplitude ; 2 3(b) dwarf minke (whale) ; all within audible frequency range of 20–20 000 Hz ; 2 3(c)(i) zero / 0 (N) AND (at constant speed there is) no resultant force ; 1 3(c)(ii) conversion of minutes to seconds / 15 × 60 = 900 ; distance = speed × time in any form / 6.1 × 900 ; 5500 (m); 3 3(c)(iii) kinetic ; thermal ; 2 Question Answer Marks

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2021

6 A meteorite is a rock from space that travels through the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the surface of the Earth. (a) A meteorite is moving in space towards the Earth. State the type of energy that the meteorite has due to its motion. … [1] (b) The meteorite slows down as it travels through the Earth’s atmosphere. State the name of the force that slows the meteorite down. … [1] (c) The volume of the meteorite is 1.2 m3. The density of the meteorite is 3700 kg / m3. Calculate the mass of the meteorite. mass = … kg [2] (d) Fig. 6.1 shows a speed–time graph for the meteorite as it travels through the Earth’s atmosphere and then hits the surface of the Earth. 20 15 speed 10 km / s 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time / s Fig. 6.1 (i) Use Fig. 6.1 to identify the time at which the meteorite hits the surface of the Earth. Give a reason for your answer. time … s reason … [1] (ii) Compare the deceleration of the meteorite between 0 s and 5.5 s with the deceleration of the meteorite between 5.5 s and 5.8 s. Explain your answer. … … [2] (e) Lenses are often used in telescopes to help astronomers observe objects in space. Fig. 6.2 shows an incomplete ray diagram for two rays of light from an object entering a thin converging lens. F is the principal focus of the lens. ray 1 ray 2 F principal axis object lens Fig. 6.2 Complete Fig. 6.2 to show: • the path of ray 2 leaving the lens • the image. [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) kinetic (energy) ; 1 6(b) air resistance ; 1 6(c) density = mass ÷ volume in any form / 3700 × 1.2 ; 4400 (kg) ; 2 6(d)(i) 5.5–5.8 s AND sudden decrease in speed / large deceleration ; 1 6(d)(ii) smaller deceleration for (0–5.5) s ; less steep gradient on graph ; 2 6(e) (ray 2) undeviated straight line ; (image) inverted AND from principal axis to intersection of ray 1 and ray 2 ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2021

6 A meteorite is a rock from space that travels through the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the surface of the Earth. (a) A meteorite is moving in space towards the Earth. State the type of energy that the meteorite has due to its motion. … [1] (b) The meteorite slows down as it travels through the Earth’s atmosphere. State the name of the force that slows the meteorite down. … [1] (c) The volume of the meteorite is 1.2 m3. The density of the meteorite is 3700 kg / m3. Calculate the mass of the meteorite. mass = … kg [2] (d) Fig. 6.1 shows a speed–time graph for the meteorite as it travels through the Earth’s atmosphere and then hits the surface of the Earth. 20 15 speed 10 km / s 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time / s Fig. 6.1 (i) Use Fig. 6.1 to identify the time at which the meteorite hits the surface of the Earth. Give a reason for your answer. time … s reason … [1] (ii) Compare the deceleration of the meteorite between 0 s and 5.5 s with the deceleration of the meteorite between 5.5 s and 5.8 s. Explain your answer. … … [2] (e) Lenses are often used in telescopes to help astronomers observe objects in space. Fig. 6.2 shows an incomplete ray diagram for two rays of light from an object entering a thin converging lens. F is the principal focus of the lens. ray 1 ray 2 F principal axis object lens Fig. 6.2 Complete Fig. 6.2 to show: • the path of ray 2 leaving the lens • the image. [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) kinetic (energy) ; 1 6(b) air resistance ; 1 6(c) density = mass ÷ volume in any form / 3700 × 1.2 ; 4400 (kg) ; 2 6(d)(i) 5.5–5.8 s AND sudden decrease in speed / large deceleration ; 1 6(d)(ii) smaller deceleration for (0–5.5) s ; less steep gradient on graph ; 2 6(e) (ray 2) undeviated straight line ; (image) inverted AND from principal axis to intersection of ray 1 and ray 2 ; 2

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2021

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a child in a moving toy car. The car is moving forwards. The toy car has an electric motor. The electric motor is powered by a battery. Fig. 3.1 (a) Complete the boxes to show the useful energy changes that occur when the battery is used to make the car move. One box has been completed for you. electrical … … … energy in the energy in the energy of the battery motor circuit moving car [2] (b) The car moves forwards for 8 seconds at a constant speed of 0.7 m / s. Calculate the distance travelled by the car. distance = … m [2] (c) Fig. 3.2 shows the forces acting on the car moving at constant speed. P S Q R Fig. 3.2 (i) State which force, P, Q, R or S, is the weight. … [1] (ii) The weight of the car and child is 400 N. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. Calculate the mass of the car and child. mass = … kg [2] (iii) Force S is increased. All the other forces remain unchanged. Describe the effect this has on the motion of the toy car. … … [1] (iv) The child applies the car’s brakes. State which force, P, Q, R or S, is changed by applying the brakes. Describe the change in this force. force … change … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) chemical (potential) ; kinetic ; 2 3(b) speed = distance ÷ time (in any form) / (distance =) 0.7 × 8 ; 5.6 (m) ; 2 3(c)(i) R ; 1 3(c)(ii) weight = mass x g (in any form) / (mass =) 400 ÷ 10 ; 40 (kg) ; 2 3(c)(iii) car accelerates / increases in speed ; 1 3(c)(iv) Q ; increases ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2022

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a man pushing a shopping trolley forwards. Fig. 3.1 (a) Fig. 3.2 shows four forces, P, Q, R and S, acting on the shopping trolley as the man pushes it. Q P R S Fig. 3.2 State the name of force S. … [1] (b) The man pushes the trolley with force P = 15 N. The trolley moves at a constant speed. (i) State the magnitude of force R. force R = … N [1] (ii) The man increases force P to 20 N. Forces Q, R and S do not change. Calculate the resultant force on the trolley. resultant force = … N [1] (iii) Describe how the change in force P affects the motion of the trolley. … … [1] (c) As the man pushes the trolley, he transfers 150 J of energy to the trolley. (i) State the work done on the trolley by the man. Give the unit of your answer. work done = … unit … [1] (ii) Complete the boxes to show the useful energy transfer as the man pushes the trolley. … … energy stored energy of the in the man moving trolley [2] (iii) The man lets go of the moving trolley. The trolley slows down and stops. Explain why the trolley slows down. … … … [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) weight ; 1 3(b)(i) 15 (N) ; 1 3(b)(ii) (resultant force = 20 – 15 =) 5 (N) ; 1 3(b)(iii) (trolley) increases speed / accelerates ; 1 3(c)(i) 150 AND J ; 1 3(c)(ii) (from) chemical (potential) ; (to) kinetic ; 2 3(c)(iii) force P now zero ; friction (causes trolley to slow down) ; 2

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2022

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a solid block at rest on a table. shelf block table Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, draw a force arrow to show the gravitational force acting on the block. Label this force A. [1] (ii) On Fig. 3.1, draw a force arrow to show the force exerted by the table on the block. Label this force B. [1] (iii) The gravitational force on the block is 30 N. State the magnitude of the force exerted by the table on the solid block. Give a reason for your answer. force = … N reason … … [1] (iv) Calculate the mass of the block. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. mass = … kg [2] (v) The block has a volume of 0.0040 m3. Use your answer from (a)(iv) to calculate the density of the block. density = … kg / m3 [2] (b) A student lifts the block up onto a high shelf. Complete the boxes to show the sequence of useful energy transfers that occur. … … … energy stored energy of energy stored in the block in the student the moving on the high shelf block [3] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) arrow downwards from block ; 1 3(a)(ii) arrow upwards from table ; 1 3(a)(iii) 30 (N) because block at rest so forces are balanced ; 1 3(a)(iv) W = mg (in any form) OR 30  10 ; 3.0 (kg) ; 2 3(a)(v) d = m  V OR= 3.0  0.0040 (in any form) ; 750 (kg / m3) ; 2 Question Answer Marks 3(b) chemical (potential) ; kinetic ; gravitational (potential) ; 3

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2022

3 Fig. 3.1 shows forces P, Q, R and S acting on an airplane moving forward along a runway. S R P runway Q Fig. 3.1 (a) Force P is the driving force of the airplane engines. State the name of force R. … [1] (b) The airplane has a weight of 1 200 000 N. Calculate the mass of the airplane. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. mass = … kg [2] (c) The airplane moves along the runway for 50 s at a constant speed of 100 km / h. (i) Show that the speed of the airplane in metres per second is 28 m / s. [2] (ii) Calculate the distance the airplane moves along the runway in 50 s. distance = … m [2] (d) (i) The airplane moves along the runway. • From t = 0 s to t = 50 s, the airplane moves at a constant speed of 28 m / s. • From t = 50 s to t = 100 s, the airplane accelerates with constant acceleration. • At t = 100 s, the airplane reaches a speed of 84 m / s. On Fig. 3.2, plot a speed-time graph of the motion of the airplane from t = 0 s to t = 100 s. 100 80 60 speed m / s 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 time / s Fig. 3.2 [3] (ii) At t = 100 s, the airplane takes off. The airplane climbs to a height of 5000 m above the ground. State the form of energy gained by the airplane due to its increase in height. … [1] [Total: 11]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) friction ; 1 3(b) evidence of, W = mg / 1 200 000 ÷ 10 ; 2 120 000 (kg) ; 3(c)(i) one unit conversion correct (1 km = 1000 m / 1 hour = 3600 s) ; 2 speed conversion shown (= 27.8 or 28) (m / s) ; 3(c)(ii) evidence of, speed = distance ÷ time / 28  50 ; 2 1400 (m) ; 3(d)(i) horizontal line from t = 0 s to t = 50 s ; 3 straight diagonal line from t = 50 s to t = 100 s ; horizontal line at 28 m / s AND diagonal line finishes at 84 m / s ; 3(d)(ii) gravitational (potential) ; 1

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2022

3 In 1997, the Thrust Supersonic Car set a world land speed record. (a) Fig. 3.1 shows forces R, S, V and T acting on the moving car. direction of motion R V T S Fig. 3.1 (i) State the name of force S. … [1] (ii) The car moves at a constant speed in a straight line along a horizontal track. Force T = 223 000 N. State the magnitude of force V. force V = … N [1] (b) (i) The world land speed record set was 1228 km / h. Show that the record speed of the car in metres per second is 341 m / s. [2] (ii) The car moves a distance of 1609 m at the record speed of 341 m / s. Calculate the time taken to travel this distance. time = … s [2] (c) There is chemical potential energy stored in the fuel of the car. Combustion of the fuel allows the car to accelerate. Some of this chemical potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy of the moving car. Suggest two other forms of energy to which the chemical potential energy is transferred. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Fig. 3.2 is a speed–time graph for the motion of the car. 400 300 speed m / s 200 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 time / s Fig. 3.2 Draw one straight line from each time period to the matching motion of the car. time period motion of the car 0–20 s constant speed 20–40 s deceleration 40–100 s increasing speed [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) weight ; 1 3(a)(ii) 223 000 (N) ; 1 3(b)(i) one unit conversion correct (1 km = 1000 m / 1 hour = 3600 s) ; 2 speed conversion shown (= 341) (m / s) ; 3(b)(ii) evidence of, speed = distance ÷ time / 1609 ÷ 341 ; 2 4.72 (s) ; 3(c) any two from: 2 thermal / heat energy (of, surroundings / car / exhaust gases ; sound energy (of, car / engines) ; kinetic energy of exhaust gases ; light / radiation, energy (from engines) ; 3(d) time period description 2 0–20 s constant speed 20–40 s deceleration 40–100 s increasing speed 1 correct ; 3 correct ;

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2022

3 In 1997, the Thrust Supersonic Car set a world land speed record. (a) Fig. 3.1 shows forces R, S, V and T acting on the moving car. direction of motion R V T S Fig. 3.1 (i) State the name of force S. … [1] (ii) The car moves at a constant speed in a straight line along a horizontal track. Force T = 223 000 N. State the magnitude of force V. force V = … N [1] (b) (i) The world land speed record set was 1228 km / h. Show that the record speed of the car in metres per second is 341 m / s. [2] (ii) The car moves a distance of 1609 m at the record speed of 341 m / s. Calculate the time taken to travel this distance. time = … s [2] (c) There is chemical potential energy stored in the fuel of the car. Combustion of the fuel allows the car to accelerate. Some of this chemical potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy of the moving car. Suggest two other forms of energy to which the chemical potential energy is transferred. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Fig. 3.2 is a speed–time graph for the motion of the car. 400 300 speed m / s 200 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 time / s Fig. 3.2 Draw one straight line from each time period to the matching motion of the car. time period motion of the car 0–20 s constant speed 20–40 s deceleration 40–100 s increasing speed [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) weight ; 1 3(a)(ii) 223 000 (N) ; 1 3(b)(i) one unit conversion correct (1 km = 1000 m / 1 hour = 3600 s) ; 2 speed conversion shown (= 341) (m / s) ; 3(b)(ii) evidence of, speed = distance ÷ time / 1609 ÷ 341 ; 2 4.72 (s) ; 3(c) any two from: 2 thermal / heat energy (of, surroundings / car / exhaust gases ; sound energy (of, car / engines) ; kinetic energy of exhaust gases ; light / radiation, energy (from engines) ; 3(d) time period description 2 0–20 s constant speed 20–40 s deceleration 40–100 s increasing speed 1 correct ; 3 correct ;

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2022

6 Figure 6.1 shows a moving conveyor belt carrying a box from the ground up to an aircraft. The box weighs 500 N. NOT TO SCALE 0.20 m / s aircraft moving 2 m conveyor belt Fig. 6.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 6.1, draw a force arrow to show the weight of the box. The arrow must be in contact with the box. [1] (ii) Complete the sentence. The weight of the box is due to the … force acting on the box. [1] (b) The conveyor belt carries the box at 0.20 m / s from the ground to the top in 25 s. Calculate the length of the conveyor belt from the ground to the top. length = … m [2] (c) An electric motor drives the conveyor belt. Complete the sentences to describe the useful energy transfers. The energy input to move the conveyor belt is … energy. This is transferred to … energy of the moving conveyor belt and the box. When the box stops at the top, it has gained … energy. [3] (d) The conveyor belt stops for a short time when the box is only half-way to the top. The box stays at rest on the conveyor belt. Explain in terms of the forces acting on the box, why the box stays at rest. … … [1] (e) When the box reaches the top, the box is stationary in the aircraft. As a result of the work done, the box gains a total of 2.5 kJ of energy. The total energy input to the electric motor doing this work is 90 kJ. Explain the difference between these figures. … … [1] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) arrow in contact with box pointing vertically downwards ; 1 6(a)(ii) gravitational ; 1 6(b) speed = distance  time (in any form) OR distance = 25  0.2 ; 5 (m) ; 2 6(c) electrical ; kinetic ; gravitational potential ; 3 6(d) all forces balanced / no resultant force ; 1 6(e) energy lost / wasted, as thermal energy / energy needed to move, belt / motor ; 1

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2023

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a football player kicking a football. Fig. 3.1 (a) Fig. 3.2 shows a speed–time graph for the horizontal motion of the ball after leaving the player’s foot. 40 speed m / s 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 time / s Fig. 3.2 (i) State the horizontal speed of the ball as it leaves the player’s foot. speed = … m / s [1] (ii) The ball hits the ground and rolls forwards before it stops. On Fig. 3.2, mark with an X a time when the ball is decelerating. [1] (iii) Explain why the horizontal speed of the ball does not increase after leaving the player’s foot. … … [1] (b) Fig. 3.3 shows the player holding the football on his hand without the ball moving. Fig. 3.3 The player uses an upward force of 4.0 N to hold the ball stationary. Calculate the mass of the ball. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. mass = … kg [2] (c) The mass of another ball is 150 g. The ball has a volume of 180 cm3. Calculate the density of the ball. Give the units of your answer. density = … units … [3] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) 31 (m / s) ; 1 3(a)(ii) X marked at any point between t = 3 s and t = 5 s ; 1 3(a)(iii) no forward force (acting on the ball) ; 1 3(b) weight = mass  g (in any form) / m = 4  10 ; 0.4(0) (kg) ; 2 3(c) density = mass  volume / d = 150  180 ; 0.83(3) ; g / cm3 ; 3

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2023

6 Fig. 6.1 shows the forces P, Q, R and S acting on a fishing boat at sea. P S Q R Fig. 6.1 (a) The boat in Fig. 6.1 is moving forward to the right at a constant speed. (i) State which of the forces P, Q, R or S is moving the boat forward to the right. … [1] (ii) State the name of the force labelled R. … [1] (iii) Explain why force Q and force S must be equal and opposite. … … [1] (b) Fig. 6.2 shows a person catching a fish. Fig. 6.2 The fish exerts a force of 200 N on the fishing line as it tries to swim away. The person exerts a force of 250 N on the fishing line to pull the fish into the boat. Determine the resultant force on the fish and the direction of the force. force = … N direction of the force … [1] (c) Fig. 6.3 shows a speed–time graph of the motion of the fish when the constant resultant force is applied. 1.5 1.0 speed m / s 0.5 0 0 1.0 2.0 time / s Fig. 6.3 (i) Describe the motion of the fish between t = 0 and t = 2.0 s. … … [1] (ii) Describe what happens to the motion of the fish at 2.0 s. … … [1] (d) The body temperature of the fish is 5 °C. The fish is put into a bucket of ice at 0 °C. (i) Describe the effect on the ice and the effect on the temperature of the fish. effect on the ice … effect on the temperature of the fish … [2] (ii) The mass of the bucket is 2300 g. The volume of ice added to the bucket is 5000 cm3. The total mass of the bucket and the ice is 6900 g. Calculate the density of the ice. density = … g / cm3 [3] [Total: 11]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) Q ; 1 6(a)(ii) weight ; 1 6(a)(iii) moving at constant speed (so forces must be balanced / equal and opposite / zero resultant force) ; 1 6(b) 50 (N) and along fishing line ; 1 6(c)(i) speed increasing with time / accelerating ; 1 6(c)(ii) stops (suddenly) ; 1 6(d)(i) effect on the ice: melts ; 2 effect on the temperature of the fish: decreases / goes down ; 6(d)(ii) = m / V in any form ; 3 mass of ice = 6900 – 2300 / 4600 (g) ; (= 4600  5000) = 0.92 (g / cm3) ;

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2024

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a horse pulling a cart along a flat, horizontal road. horse cart Fig. 6.1 The horse and cart move forward at a constant speed of 3.2 km / h. (a) Complete the sentences about the horse using one word in each gap. The horse is moving at constant speed, so the … energy of the horse must be constant. The horse is moving along a flat, horizontal road, so the … potential energy of the horse must be constant. The … of the horse is related to the work done by the horse and the time taken to do the work. [3] (b) Calculate the time taken, in hours, for the horse and cart to move a distance of 4.0 km. time = … h [2] (c) The horse pulls the cart forward with constant force F. Fig. 6.2 shows force F acting on the cart. F Fig. 6.2 Force F keeps the cart moving at constant speed. Suggest why force F does not increase the speed of the cart. … … … [2] (d) The hearing range of the horse is different from the hearing range of a healthy human. The range of audible frequencies for the horse is 55 Hz to 33.5 kHz. (i) State what is meant by a frequency of 55 Hz. … … [1] (ii) Use data to describe how the hearing range of the horse is different from the hearing range of a healthy human. … … … … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) kinetic ; 3 gravitational ; power ; 6(b) evidence of speed = distance  time / 4.0  3.2 ; 2 1.25 (h) ; 6(c) (there must be an) opposing force, e.g. friction ; 2 idea that, forces must be balanced / opposing force must be equal in magnitude to F ; 6(d)(i) 55, vibrations / oscillations, per second ; 1 6(d)(ii) any two from: 2 the horse can hear frequencies higher than 20 kHz ; the horse cannot hear frequencies as low as 20 Hz ; the horse has wider frequency range of 33 445 Hz (vs 19 980 Hz) ; the hearing range of the horse is 55 Hz to 33.5 kHz whereas the hearing range of a human is 20 Hz to 20k Hz ;

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2024

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a horse pulling a cart along a flat, horizontal road. horse cart Fig. 6.1 The horse and cart move forward at a constant speed of 3.2 km / h. (a) Complete the sentences about the horse using one word in each gap. The horse is moving at constant speed, so the … energy of the horse must be constant. The horse is moving along a flat, horizontal road, so the … potential energy of the horse must be constant. The … of the horse is related to the work done by the horse and the time taken to do the work. [3] (b) Calculate the time taken, in hours, for the horse and cart to move a distance of 4.0 km. time = … h [2] (c) The horse pulls the cart forward with constant force F. Fig. 6.2 shows force F acting on the cart. F Fig. 6.2 Force F keeps the cart moving at constant speed. Suggest why force F does not increase the speed of the cart. … … … [2] (d) The hearing range of the horse is different from the hearing range of a healthy human. The range of audible frequencies for the horse is 55 Hz to 33.5 kHz. (i) State what is meant by a frequency of 55 Hz. … … [1] (ii) Use data to describe how the hearing range of the horse is different from the hearing range of a healthy human. … … … … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) kinetic ; 3 gravitational ; power ; 6(b) evidence of speed = distance  time / 4.0  3.2 ; 2 1.25 (h) ; 6(c) (there must be an) opposing force, e.g. friction ; 2 idea that, forces must be balanced / opposing force must be equal in magnitude to F ; 6(d)(i) 55, vibrations / oscillations, per second ; 1 6(d)(ii) any two from: 2 the horse can hear frequencies higher than 20 kHz ; the horse cannot hear frequencies as low as 20 Hz ; the horse has wider frequency range of 33 445 Hz (vs 19 980 Hz) ; the hearing range of the horse is 55 Hz to 33.5 kHz whereas the hearing range of a human is 20 Hz to 20k Hz ;

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2024

7 Fig. 7.1 shows an electric motorcycle. direction of motion Fig. 7.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 7.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the air resistance acting on the motorcycle. Label the arrow with the letter R. [1] (ii) Complete the sentences about the motorcycle. The motorcycle is moving at constant speed along a level road. The total resistance force is 250 N. The driving force must also be 250 N because the … force is zero. [1] (iii) Name the unit represented by N. … [1] (b) The motorcycle is powered by a battery. (i) The motorcycle travels a distance of 24 km at an average speed of 16 m / s. Show that the time taken to travel this distance is 1500 s. [2] (ii) The battery supplies a constant current of 45 A at a voltage of 72 V. Calculate the power supplied by the battery. power = … W [2] (iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) to calculate the total energy supplied by the battery in 1500 s. energy = … J [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 7(a)(i) horizontal arrow pointing to the left labelled R ; 1 7(a)(ii) resultant ; 1 7(a)(iii) newton ; 1 7(b)(i) unit conversion of distance or velocity 24 km = 24 000 m / 16 m / s = 0.016 km / s ; 2 show in working t = s ÷ v / time = distance ÷ speed / 24 (1000) ÷ 16 OR 24 ÷ 0.016 ; (= 1500 s) 7(b)(ii) P = I V / 45  72 ; 2 3200 (W) ; 7(b)(iii) E = I V t / E = Pt / 3200  1500 ; 2 4 800 000 (J) ;

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2025

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a tram powered by electricity supplied through overhead cables. overhead cable motion of tram Q P track Fig. 7.1 (a) Forces P and Q act on the tram as it moves along a level track. Force P has a magnitude of 2400 N. Force Q has a magnitude of 1900 N. (i) Name force Q. … [1] (ii) Calculate the resultant force acting on the tram. resultant force = … N [1] (iii) Describe the motion of the tram. … [1] (b) The mass of the tram is 35 000 kg. Calculate the weight of the tram. weight = … N [2] (c) Later in its journey, the tram moves up a hill at constant speed. Complete the sentence about energy transfers. Energy is transferred to the … … energy store of the tram and the thermal energy stores of the tram and the surroundings. [1] (d) On one journey, the tram travels for 0.24 h. The electrical power input to the tram is 55 kW. Energy is supplied at a cost of $0.25 per kW h. Calculate the total energy cost for this journey. total energy cost = $ … [3] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 7(a)(i) friction / air resistance / drag ; 1 7(a)(ii) (2400 – 1900 =) 500 (N) ; 1 7(a)(iii) accelerating ; 1 7(b) W = m g / 35 000  9.8 ; 2 343 000 / 340 000 (N) ; 7(c) gravitational potential ; 1 7(d) energy = P  t / 55  0.24 / = 13.2 ; 3 cost = 13.2  0.25 ; (= $) 3.3 ;

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2025

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a toy car, powered by a battery. F D Fig. 7.1 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows the driving force D and the total friction force F acting on the car. (i) On Fig. 7.1, draw a force arrow labelled W to show the weight of the car. [1] (ii) The car moves at a constant speed along a level surface. Force D is 16 N. State the value of force F. F = … N [1] (b) The car travels a total distance of 18 m at a constant speed of 1.2 m / s. (i) Calculate the time taken for the car to travel 18 m. time = … s [2] (ii) The driving force acting on the car is 16 N. Calculate the work done in moving the car a distance of 18 m. Include the unit in your answer. work done = …………………….. unit ………….. [3] (c) The car now travels up a slope at constant speed. Complete the boxes to show the changes in energy stores. … energy store of the car battery decreases gravitational potential energy store of the car increases + energy store of the surroundings increases [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 7(a)(i) arrow pointing vertically downwards, touching car, labelled W ; 1 7(a)(ii) 16 (N) ; 1 7(b)(i) speed = total distance ÷ total time in any form / 18 ÷ 1.2 ; 2 15 (s) ; 7(b)(ii) W = F × d / work done = force × distance / 16 × 18 ; 3 288 / 290 ; J ; 7(c) chemical ; 2 thermal ;

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2025