Motion — Paper 3 · IGCSE Science - Combined 0653

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an elevator (lift) which takes people to different floors in a tall building. The elevator travels up the lift shaft pulled by a long rope. There are no people in the elevator, which has stopped at the bottom floor. rope elevator elevator shaft Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1 draw two arrows to show the action of the two main forces acting on the elevator while it is stopped. [2] (ii) One force is measured and found to be 5000 N. State whether the other force is 5000 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [1] (iii) The elevator begins to move upwards to the top floor. Describe any changes in the two forces acting which are needed to make this happen. … … [1] (b) The elevator moves upwards at an average speed of 2 m / s. It moves 30 m up the elevator shaft and stops at the top floor. (i) Calculate the time taken by the elevator to travel from the bottom floor to the top floor. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working time = … s [2] (ii) State the type of energy gained by the elevator because it is moving. … [1] (iii) State the type of energy gained by the elevator when it has stopped at the top floor. … [1] (c) On Fig. 3.2 sketch the shape of the speed-time graph for the journey of the elevator from the bottom floor to the top floor. speed time Fig. 3.2 [1]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) two opposite vertical arrows ; both arrows touching the lift ; 2 3(a)(ii) (5000 N – no mark) lift not moving, so forces balanced / equal and opposite ; 1 3(a)(iii) upward force must increase ; 1 3(b)(i) speed = distance/time (or rearranged) ; time (= distance/speed) = 30/2 = 15 (s) ; 2 3(b)(ii) kinetic / motion (energy) ; 1 3(b)(iii) (gravitational) potential (energy) ; 1 3(c) ; 1 time speed

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a wind surfer on a surf board, driven by the wind, sailing at a constant speed across the sea. The arrows labelled A, B, C and D show the forces acting on the surf board. direction of wind direction of travel C B D A Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Complete Table 3.1 using the letters A, B, C and D. Table 3.1 name of force letter on Fig. 3.1 driving force frictional force upthrust of water weight [2] (ii) Force A is measured and found to be 1200 N. State whether force C is 1200 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your answer. … … [1] (iii) State which force needs to be increased to make the surf board sail at a faster speed. … [1] (b) The speed of the surf board is 12 km / h. Calculate the speed of the surf board in m / s. Show your working. speed = … m / s [1] (c) The wind provides the energy for the work needed to move the surf board across the sea. (i) State the two quantities that must be measured to calculate the work done in moving the surf board during its journey across the sea. … and … [2] (ii) State the type of energy the surf board has when it is being moved by the wind. … [1] (iii) The wind stops blowing and the surf board slows down and stops. Describe what has happened to the energy in (c)(ii). … … [1]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) name of force letter on Fig. 1.1 driving force B frictional force D upthrust of water C weight A two letters correct ; two more letters correct ; 2 3(a)(ii) (Force C is 1200 N) no mark no vertical motion / forces (A and C) must balance ; 1 3(a)(iii) B / driving force ; 1 3(b) 12 km / h (= 12 000 m / h = 200 m / min) = 3.3 m / s ; 1 3(c)(i) (magnitude of) force ; distance (moved) ; 2 3(c)(ii) kinetic (energy) / KE ; 1 3(c)(iii) transferred to other forms of energy ; 1

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an aircraft flying at a constant height and constant speed above the Earth’s surface. The arrows labelled A, B, C and D show the forces acting on the aircraft. B C A D Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Complete Table 3.1 using the letters A, B, C and D. Table 3.1 name of force letter on Fig. 3.1 driving force frictional force lifting force weight [2] (ii) Force D is measured and found to be 500 000 N. State whether force B is 500 000 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [1] (iii) State which force should be increased by the pilot 1. to make the aircraft fly at a faster speed, … 2. to make the aircraft go up to a higher height. … [2] (b) The speed of the aircraft is 600 km / h. (i) Calculate the speed of the aircraft in m / s. Show your working. speed = … m / s [1] (ii) The aircraft travels at this speed for a distance of 2700 km. The pilot tells his passengers that the flight time will be 4 hours 30 minutes. Show by calculation that the pilot is correct. [1] (c) The aircraft slows down and descends to a lower height. Describe the energy changes that have taken place for the aircraft. … … … [2] (d) Another aircraft takes off and climbs to cruising height. It then travels at a constant speed until it descends and lands. On Fig. 3.2 sketch the shape of the speed-time graph for the whole journey of this aircraft from take-off to landing. speed 0 0 time Fig. 3.2 [2] Please turn over for Question 4

11 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) one mark for each two correct ;; name of force letter on Fig. 1.1 driving force A frictional force C lifting force B weight D 2 3(a)(ii) (Force B is 500 000 N) no mark constant height; forces (B and D) are balanced ; 1 3(a)(iii) 1. A / driving force ; 2. B / lifting force ; 2 3(b)(i) 600 km / h = 600 000 / 3600 m / s = 167 m / s ; 1 3(b)(ii) time (= distance / speed) = 2700 / 600 = 4.5 h 1 3(c) loss of kinetic energy ; loss of (gravitational) potential energy ; 2 3(d) any variation on this shape that goes from the origin to a maximum and returns to speed = 0 ; horizontal section at constant maximum speed ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an aircraft flying at a constant height and constant speed above the Earth’s surface. The arrows labelled A, B, C and D show the forces acting on the aircraft. B C A D Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Complete Table 3.1 using the letters A, B, C and D. Table 3.1 name of force letter on Fig. 3.1 driving force frictional force lifting force weight [2] (ii) Force D is measured and found to be 500 000 N. State whether force B is 500 000 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your answer. … … … [1] (iii) State which force should be increased by the pilot 1. to make the aircraft fly at a faster speed, … 2. to make the aircraft go up to a higher height. … [2] (b) The speed of the aircraft is 600 km / h. (i) Calculate the speed of the aircraft in m / s. Show your working. speed = … m / s [1] (ii) The aircraft travels at this speed for a distance of 2700 km. The pilot tells his passengers that the flight time will be 4 hours 30 minutes. Show by calculation that the pilot is correct. [1] (c) The aircraft slows down and descends to a lower height. Describe the energy changes that have taken place for the aircraft. … … … [2] (d) Another aircraft takes off and climbs to cruising height. It then travels at a constant speed until it descends and lands. On Fig. 3.2 sketch the shape of the speed-time graph for the whole journey of this aircraft from take-off to landing. speed 0 0 time Fig. 3.2 [2] Please turn over for Question 4

11 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) one mark for each two correct ;; name of force letter on Fig. 1.1 driving force A frictional force C lifting force B weight D 2 3(a)(ii) (Force B is 500 000 N) no mark constant height; forces (B and D) are balanced ; 1 3(a)(iii) 1. A / driving force ; 2. B / lifting force ; 2 3(b)(i) 600 km / h = 600 000 / 3600 m / s = 167 m / s ; 1 3(b)(ii) time (= distance / speed) = 2700 / 600 = 4.5 h 1 3(c) loss of kinetic energy ; loss of (gravitational) potential energy ; 2 3(d) any variation on this shape that goes from the origin to a maximum and returns to speed = 0 ; horizontal section at constant maximum speed ; 2

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a helicopter hovering above the ground. rotor blades Fig. 3.1 (a) The helicopter stays in one place as it hovers. The turning rotor blades provide the uplift force to keep it in the air. On Fig. 3.1 draw two force arrows to show the vertical forces acting on the helicopter. Label each arrow with the name of the force acting on the helicopter. [3] (b) The helicopter uses fuel to power its engines which turn the rotor blades. The pilot increases the speed of the rotor blades and the helicopter climbs vertically to a height of 1000 m. It then hovers again at this height. Complete the sequence of energy transfers for the helicopter below. … energy in the fuel … energy of the rotor blades kinetic … energy of the climbing helicopter … energy of the helicopter at 1000 m. [3] (c) The helicopter starts to move forward. It increases speed for 20 s until it reaches a constant speed of 50 m / s. It continues at this speed for 100 s. It then slows down for 10 s to hover in one place again. (i) On the grid in Fig. 3.2, plot a speed-time graph of the helicopter journey, which lasts 130 s. 50 40 30 speed m / s 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 time / s Fig. 3.2 [2] (ii) Calculate the distance moved by the helicopter while flying at constant speed. Show your working. working distance = … m [2]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) force arrow vertically upward labelled ‘uplift’ ; force arrow vertically downward labelled ‘weight’ or ‘gravitational force’ ; (the two vertical) arrows in contact with helicopter / of equal length ; 3 3(b) chemical ; kinetic ; gravitational / potential ; 3 3(c)(i) one section of plot correct ; all 3 sections of the plot correct ; 2 3(c)(ii) distance = speed × time (= 50 × 100) ; = 5000 (m) ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 shows four forces, P, Q, R and S, acting on a submarine. The submarine is travelling underwater and moving to the right at constant speed. P S Q R Fig. 3.1 (a) In Table 3.1 complete the names of the forces P, Q, R and S. Table 3.1 P uplift Q R S driving force [2] (b) The submarine is travelling at a constant depth. State how the magnitude of force P compares to force R. … [1] (c) The submarine captain cannot use a radio transmitter underwater. The captain orders the crew to take the submarine to the surface so he can use a radio transmitter. (i) State which force must be increased to bring the submarine to the surface. … [1] (ii) Fig. 3.2 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum. On Fig. 3.2 add radio waves in their correct place. visible micro- gamma light waves Fig. 3.2 [1] (iii) Electromagnetic waves do not pass easily through sea water. Suggest a different kind of wave that can travel in water and might be used to send a signal. … [1] (d) When submerged, the submarine has to use an energy source that does not depend upon the Sun or on burning a fuel. Suggest a suitable energy source that can be carried in a submarine in order to power the submarine underwater. … [1] (e) Use steps 1 to 3 below to calculate the average speed of the submarine in metres per second (m / s) if it travels 30 kilometres in 1 hour. Step 1: convert 30 kilometres to metres. … m Step 2: convert 1 hour to seconds. … s Step 3: calculate the speed in metres per second. speed = … m / s [2]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) (Q =) friction / (water) resistance ; (R =) gravitational force / weight ; 2 3(b) (forces P and R) equal / balanced ; 1 3(c)(i) P / uplift ; 1 3(c)(ii) gamma visible light micro- waves radio waves ; 1 3(c)(iii) sound ; 1 3(d) nuclear / batteries ; 1 3(e) either 30 km = 30 000 m or 1 hour = 3600 s ; (30 000 / 3600) = 8.3 m / s ; 2

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2017

3 Fig. 3.1 is a diagram which shows the International Space Station which is kept in orbit around the Earth by a force which prevents it escaping into space. Fig. 3.1 (a) Name this force. … [1] (b) On one of its orbits, the space station travels at a speed of 28 000 km / h and takes 90 minutes to complete one orbit of the Earth. Calculate the distance travelled by the space station during this orbit. Show your working. distance = … km [2] (c) The mass of the Earth is 5972 × 1021 kg. The volume of the Earth is 1.08 × 1021 m3. Calculate the density of the Earth. State the formula you use, show your working and give the units of your answer. formula working density = … units … [3] (d) Fig. 3.2 shows the large solar panels that provide energy for the space station. solar panels Fig. 3.2 (i) The solar cells are in large panels that face the Sun to gather energy. This energy is stored by charging batteries on board the space station. Complete the sequence of energy conversions that take place. Radiation from the Sun to … energy in the solar cells to … energy in the batteries. [2] (ii) Each solar cell contains solid crystals of silicon. On Fig. 3.3 below draw a diagram to show the arrangement of atoms in a crystal of silicon. One atom has been drawn for you; you should draw at least 10 more atoms of the same size. Fig. 3.3 [2]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) gravitational force / weight ; 1 3(b) speed = distance / time or AV ; distance (= speed × time) = 28 000 × 90 / 60 = 42 000 (km) ; 2 3(c) density = mass / volume ; = 5972 × 1021 / 1.08 × 1021 = 5530 ; (units) kg / m3 ; 3 3(d)(i) electrical (energy in solar cells) ; chemical (energy in the batteries) ; 2 3(d)(ii) regular arrangement of at least 10 atoms of similar size ; all touching ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an airship carrying a heavy load. airship load Fig. 3.1 (a) The airship and load are floating above the ground. (i) On Fig. 3.1 draw two force arrows to show the vertical forces acting on the load. [2] (ii) At one point in its journey, the airship is moving and all the forces acting on the airship are balanced. Describe the motion of the airship at this time. … … [1] (iii) Name the unit of force. … [1] (b) Fig. 3.2 shows a speed‑time graph for part of the journey of the airship. 5.0 4.0 speed 3.0 m / s 2.0 1.0 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 time / s Fig. 3.2 (i) State the speed of the airship at 70 s. … m / s [1] (ii) Use terms from this list to complete the statements below. Each term may be used once, more than once or not at all. constant speed decreasing speed increasing speed Between 0 s and 25 s the airship travels with … . Between 25 s and 65 s the airship travels with … . Between 80 s and 90 s the airship travels with … . [1] (c) The load is a solid metal cube of density 7000 kg / m3. Each side of the cube measures 0.50 m. (i) Calculate the volume of the metal cube. Show your working. volume = … m3 [1] (ii) Calculate the mass of the metal cube. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working mass = … kg [2]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) two opposing vertical force arrows ; both arrows acting on the load ; 2 3(a)(ii) moving at constant speed ; 1 3(a)(iii) newton / N ; 1 3(b)(i) 3 (m / s) 1 3(b)(ii) increasing speed, constant speed, decreasing speed in this order only 1 Question Answer Marks 3(c)(i) volume of cube = 0.50 × 0.50 × 0.50 = 0.125 (m3) ; 1 3(c)(ii) density = mass / volume or d = m / V or m = V × d or mass = 0.125 × 7000 ; = 875 (kg) or 880 (kg) ; 2

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a crane carrying a load. The crane is floating in the sea on a calm day. load crane sea Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) The load is stationary. On Fig. 3.1 draw two force arrows to show the vertical forces acting on the load. [2] (ii) One of the forces acting on the load is called tension. Name the other force acting on the load. … [1] (b) The crane lifts a load upwards from the sea bed to the surface of the sea at a constant speed of 0.60 m / s. The depth of the sea is 200 m. Calculate the time taken to lift the load from the sea bed to the surface. Show your working. time = … s [2] (c) The load being lifted by the crane is a large container full of sea water. The volume inside the container is 5000 dm3. The density of sea water is 1.025 kg / dm3. Calculate the mass of sea water being lifted. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working mass = … kg [2] (d) Two cranes, A and B, are working to lift loads. Crane A has a power output of 35 kW, crane B has a power output of 40 kW. (i) Name the unit with the symbol W. … [1] (ii) Both cranes can lift the same load through the same distance from the sea bed to the surface. Explain why the higher power output from crane B means it can lift the load to the surface faster than crane A. … … … … [2]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) two opposing vertical force arrows ; both arrows from the load ; 2 3(a)(ii) weight / gravitational force ; 1 3(b) speed = distance / time or time = 200 / 0.60 ; = 333 s ; 2 3(c) density = mass / volume or mass = volume × density = 5000 × 1.025 ; = 5125 (kg) ; 2 3(d)(i) watt ; 1 3(d)(ii) idea that the same amount of energy is transferred / work done ; the same amount of energy is transferred / work done in less time ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a train made up of a steam engine and a passenger coach. steam engine passenger coach Fig. 3.1 (a) The train is travelling at a constant speed along a level track. Fig. 3.2 shows the four forces W, X, Y and Z acting on the train. X W Y Z Fig. 3.2 (i) Name force Z. … [1] (ii) The force arrows on Fig. 3.2 do not show the sizes of the forces. State whether or not the driver has made force W equal in size to force Y. Explain your answer. … … [1] (b) Fig. 3.3 shows a speed–time graph of the train as it travels between two stations. 30 20 speed m / s 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 time / s Fig. 3.3 (i) On Fig. 3.3, use the letter P to label one point in the journey when the train is travelling with changing speed. [1] (ii) The distance between the two stations is 12.8 km. State the distance between the stations in metres. distance = … m [1] (iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and information from the graph to calculate the average speed of the train on this journey in m / s. Show your working. average speed = … m / s [2] (c) The steam engine is powered by burning coal to boil water. This makes steam that moves the engine. Complete the energy transfer that moves the train. … energy in the coal … energy of the train. [2] (d) State the original source of the energy stored in coal. … [1]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) weight / gravitational (force) ; 1 3(a)(ii) yes (no mark) constant speed / no acceleration, (so forces must balance) ; 1 3(b)(i) P on any point on graph line between 0 and 200 s, or between 520 and 650 s ; 1 3(b)(ii) 12 800 (m) ; 1 3(b)(iii) (average speed = ) (total) distance / (total) time ; (12800 / 650) = 19.7 or 20 (m / s) ; 2 3(c) chemical ; kinetic ; 2 3(d) the Sun ; 1

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a man pushing a shopping trolley. Fig. 3.1 (a) The man and the trolley are moving. Fig. 3.2 shows the four forces W, X, Y and Z acting on the trolley. W X Z Y Fig. 3.2 State the letter corresponding to the gravitational force acting on the trolley. … [1] (b) Fig. 3.3 shows a speed–time graph of the trolley as the man pushes it to the checkout. 1.0 0.75 speed 0.5 m / s 0.25 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 time / s Fig. 3.3 (i) On Fig. 3.3, label with a letter C a point in the journey when the trolley is travelling with changing speed. [1] (ii) The trolley travels 20 m to the checkout. Use information from the graph to calculate the average speed of the trolley on this journey. Show your working. average speed = … m / s [2] (c) The man provides the energy to push the trolley to the checkout. The original source of the energy in the man is the Sun. (i) Use words from the list to complete the sentences that describe how energy is transferred from the Sun to move the trolley. Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all. chemical electrical gravitational kinetic nuclear Light energy from the Sun is converted to … energy in food. When the man eats the food, he gains … energy. When he pushes the trolley, some of this energy is transferred to the … energy of the trolley. [3] (ii) To keep the trolley moving at constant speed for 15 s, an energy input of 20 000 J to the man is needed. Only 2400 J is required to do the work against forces resisting the motion. Describe what happens to most of the wasted energy. … … [1]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) Y ; 1 3(b)(i) C at any point on graph line between 5 and 10 s, or between 25 and 30 s ; 1 3(b)(ii) (average) speed = (total) distance / (total) time or 20 / 30 ; = 0.67 (m / s) ; 2 3(c)(i) chemical ; chemical ; kinetic ; 3 3(c)(ii) converted / transformed into thermal energy; 1

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2018

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a boy throwing a ball up in the air. The ball moves vertically upwards, then falls down and the boy catches it. Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2 shows a graph of the motion of the ball from the time it leaves the boy’s hand until he catches it. 5 4 speed m / s 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 time / s Fig. 3.2 (a) On Fig. 3.2, label with a letter X a point when the ball is moving upwards. [1] (b) (i) Use Fig. 3.2 to state how much time passes from when the ball is thrown to when it is caught. … s [1] (ii) Use Fig. 3.2 to describe the motion of the ball between 3.0 s and 4.0 s. … … … … … [2] (c) The ball has a mass of 0.62 kg. Calculate the weight of the ball. Gravitational field strength, g = 10 N / kg weight = … N [1] (d) Complete the sequence of energy transfers from when the boy throws the ball to when the ball reaches its maximum height. … energy in the boy kinetic … energy as the ball moves upwards … energy of the ball at its maximum height. [2] [Total: 7]

7 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) X at any point on graph from t = 0 to t = 2 ; 1 3(b)(i) 4 (s) ; 1 3(b)(ii) accelerating / changing speed / increasing speed ; (moving) downwards ; 2 3(c) (0.62 × 10) = 6.2 (N) ; 1 3(d) chemical : gravitational potential ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2019

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a boy in a swimming pool. Fig. 3.1 The boy swims a length of the pool. (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1 draw an arrow to show the frictional force of water resistance on the boy. [1] (ii) He exerts a force of 40 N to swim at constant speed. State the value of the frictional force of water resistance. Give a reason for your answer. force = … N reason … … [1] (b) The boy swims at a speed of 0.80 m / s. Calculate the time taken by the boy to swim 25 m at this speed. Show your working. time = … s [2] (c) Fig. 3.2 shows a speed–time graph for another swimmer. 0.8 speed 0.6 m / s 0.4 0.2 0 0 10 20 30 40 time / s Fig. 3.2 Describe the motion of the swimmer between 10 s and 40 s. … … … [2] (d) The time taken by the swimmer in (c) is measured by an electronic stop-clock. The stop-clock is stopped when the swimmer crosses a beam of infrared radiation. (i) Suggest one reason why X-rays would not be suitable for this purpose. … … [1] (ii) Fig. 3.3 shows the electromagnetic spectrum. On Fig. 3.3 write infrared radiation in its correct place in the spectrum. visible radio X-rays light waves Fig. 3.3 [1] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) arrow pointing left to right, touching swimmer ; 1 3(a)(ii) 40 N because are equal and opposite / forces balance ; 1 3(b) speed = distance / time or time = distance / speed or time = 25 / 0.8 ; = 31 (s) 2 3(c) 10–20 s / for 10 s, constant speed (of 0.8 m / s) ; 20–40 s / next 20 s, changing speed / slowing down / decelerating (to a stop at 40 s) ; 2 3(d)(i) X-rays are harmful ; 1 3(d)(ii) X-rays visible light infra-red radio waves 1

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2019

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a lightning flash, which is a form of electrostatic discharge. thundercloud lightning flash ground Fig. 9.1 (a) Name the two opposite types of electric charge. … and … [1] (b) Lightning occurs when clouds become highly charged. A very high potential difference of more than 1 000 000 V exists between the thundercloud and the ground. Name the unit which has the symbol V. … [1] (c) The thundercloud consists mainly of water droplets. The droplets in the cloud become electrically charged. Suggest what happens to the water molecules to cause them to become electrically charged. … … [1] (d) A lightning flash emits a range of wavelengths between 390 nm and 590 nm. (1 nm = 0.000 000 001 m). Table 9.1 shows the range of wavelengths of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Table 9.1 type of electromagnetic wave range of wavelengths gamma rays less than 0.001 nm X‑rays 0.001–10 nm ultraviolet 10–400 nm visible light 400–750 nm infrared 750 nm–1 mm microwaves 1 mm–100 cm radio waves more than 100 cm Identify the two parts of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by lightning. … and … [2] (e) Thunder is the sound energy produced by the lightning flash. (i) A woman hears the sound of thunder 5.0 seconds after she sees the lightning flash hit the ground on top of a distant hill. The speed of sound in air is 330 m / s. Calculate the distance of the woman from the top of the hill. Show your working. distance = … m [2] (ii) Explain why the thunder from a distant lightning flash is heard some time after the flash is seen. … … [1] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 9(a) positive and negative ; 1 9(b) volt(s); 1 9(c) loss / gain / transfer of electrons (between molecules) ; 1 9(d) visible light; ultraviolet ; 2 9(e)(i) speed = distance / time or d = speed × time = 330 × 5.0 ; = 1650 (m) ; 2 9(e)(ii) light travels (much) faster than sound ; 1

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2019

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows the distance–time graph for a man. 20 15 distance / m 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 time / s Fig. 3.1 (i) Suggest what the man is doing between 5 s and 15 s. … [1] (ii) On Fig. 3.1, draw an X on the graph to show when the man is moving fastest. [1] (iii) Use Fig. 3.1 to calculate the average speed of the man for the 25 s. speed = … m / s [2] (b) The weight of the man is 800 N. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg. Calculate the mass of the man. mass = … kg [1] (c) (i) The man enters a lift (elevator). The lift moves the man vertically upwards. The lift uses an electric motor. Complete the useful energy transfers for the lift and man. electrical … … energy energy potential energy  + supplied to the of the of the electric motor lift and man lift and man [2] (ii) The amount of electrical energy supplied to the electric motor is actually greater than the useful work done in moving the lift and man up to the higher level. Suggest why. … … … [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) standing still / not moving / stationary / at rest ; 1 3(a)(ii) X marked on the graph between 0 s and 5 s (steepest gradient) ; 1 3(a)(iii) total distance = 20 m / (average) speed = (total) distance÷time in any form / 20÷25 ; 0.8 (m / s) ; 2 3(b) (mass = weight ÷ g = 800 ÷ 10 =) 80 (kg) ; 1 3(c)(i) kinetic ; gravitational (potential) ; 2 3(c)(ii) any two from: (work done against) friction ; (so some) energy, wasted / lost to surroundings / transferred to surroundings ; as, thermal energy / heat ; 2

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2020

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a car moving forward along a road. The road goes over a hill. not to scale Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2 shows a speed–time graph for the car shown in Fig. 3.1. 15 10 speed m / s 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 time / s Fig. 3.2 (a) State the speed of the car before it reaches the hill. … m / s [1] (b) (i) State what is meant by the term acceleration. … [1] (ii) On Fig. 3.2 write an X at a point on the graph when the car is accelerating. [1] (c) The journey shown in Fig. 3.2 is a total distance of 83 m. Calculate the average speed of the car. speed = … m / s [2] (d) Fig. 3.3 shows the car moving forward along a level road at a constant speed. Fig. 3.3 (i) On Fig. 3.3 draw a force arrow to show the driving force acting on the car. [1] (ii) Suggest why there has to be a driving force to keep the car moving at constant speed. … … [1] (e) The car engine uses gasoline (petrol) to do work to move the car along the road. Complete the sentence below that describes the useful energy change as the car moves. The gasoline provides … energy that is changed into the … energy of the moving car. [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) 10 (m / s) ; 1 3(b)(i) increase of speed (per unit time) ; 1 3(b)(ii) X at any point on line between t=3 s and t=6 s ; 1 3(c) average speed = distance ÷ time / 83 ÷ 9.0 ; = 9.2 (m / s) ; 2 3(d)(i) force arrow horizontal, pointing to right ; 1 3(d)(ii) air resistance / friction / opposing forces ; 1 3(e) chemical potential ; kinetic ; in this order 2

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2021

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a battery-powered electric bus. Fig. 6.1 The batteries are charged from the electricity supply through the cables. When the batteries are fully charged, the cable is unplugged and the bus is driven away. (a) (i) Complete the useful energy change when the batteries are being charged. electrical energy … energy [1] (ii) State the useful form of energy the bus has as it moves along the road. … [1] (b) The bus accelerates. Describe how the driving force on the bus compares with the frictional forces acting on the bus as it accelerates. … … [1] (c) The bus travels 15 km in 20 minutes. Calculate the average speed of the bus in metres per second. speed = … m/s [3] (d) Fig. 6.2 shows the electric circuit in the bus that: • powers the electric motor • lights the headlamps. B A M Fig. 6.2 M is the symbol for an electric motor (i) Name the component at point A. … [1] (ii) State the type of circuit connection for the two lamps. … [1] (iii) Suggest why the component at point A is not connected at point B in the circuit. Include ideas about the motor and the lamps in your answer. … … … … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) chemical ; 1 6(a)(ii) kinetic ; 1 6(b) (driving force is) larger / more (than the frictional force) ; 1 6(c) average speed = distance / time taken ; unit conversions = 15 000 m and 1200 s ; (15 000 / 1200 =) 12.5 (m / s) ; 3 6(d)(i) variable resistor ; 1 6(d)(ii) series ; 1 Question Answer Marks 6(d)(iii) (the variable resistor) at point A (only) controls the motors ; (if the variable resistor was) at point B (would) control / affect (brightness of) the headlamps ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2021

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a man lying down on a sandy beach on a sunny day. Fig. 3.1 Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Sun. The man is also affected by ultraviolet and infrared radiation from the Sun. Fig. 3.2 shows the electromagnetic spectrum. visible micro- X-rays X light waves Fig. 3.2 Identify X in Fig. 3.2 and state one effect it will have on the man. X is … effect … … [2] (b) The man stands up. There is a mark in the sand to show where he was lying. When he stands up, his feet make deeper marks in the sand. Explain why the marks are deeper in the sand when he is standing. … … … … [2] (c) Fig. 3.3 shows the man holding a beach ball. Fig. 3.3 (i) The ball has a mass of 0.25 kg. The ball exerts a downward force on the man’s hand of 2.45 N. Calculate the gravitational field strength, g. g = … N / kg [2] (ii) The man throws the ball vertically upwards in the air. He catches it as it falls down. Complete the sentences about energy below. The ball gains … energy as it moves upwards. The ball gains … energy as it falls down. [2] (d) The man throws the ball to a friend. The friend catches the ball 4.2 s later. The distance travelled by the ball is 15 m. Show that the average speed of the ball is 3.6 m / s. [1] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) X is: ultraviolet ; effect: sunburn ; 2 3(b) pressure due to weight ; over smaller area on feet / over larger area lying down ; 2 3(c)(i) W = mg (in any form) / g = 2.45 / 0.25 ; (g =) 9.8 (N / kg) ; 2 3(c)(ii) gravitational potential ; kinetic ; in this order 2 3(d) 15 / 4.2 (= 3.6 m / s) ; 1

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2021

6 A meteorite is a rock from space that travels through the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the surface of the Earth. (a) A meteorite is moving in space towards the Earth. State the type of energy that the meteorite has due to its motion. … [1] (b) The meteorite slows down as it travels through the Earth’s atmosphere. State the name of the force that slows the meteorite down. … [1] (c) The volume of the meteorite is 1.2 m3. The density of the meteorite is 3700 kg / m3. Calculate the mass of the meteorite. mass = … kg [2] (d) Fig. 6.1 shows a speed–time graph for the meteorite as it travels through the Earth’s atmosphere and then hits the surface of the Earth. 20 15 speed 10 km / s 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time / s Fig. 6.1 (i) Use Fig. 6.1 to identify the time at which the meteorite hits the surface of the Earth. Give a reason for your answer. time … s reason … [1] (ii) Compare the deceleration of the meteorite between 0 s and 5.5 s with the deceleration of the meteorite between 5.5 s and 5.8 s. Explain your answer. … … [2] (e) Lenses are often used in telescopes to help astronomers observe objects in space. Fig. 6.2 shows an incomplete ray diagram for two rays of light from an object entering a thin converging lens. F is the principal focus of the lens. ray 1 ray 2 F principal axis object lens Fig. 6.2 Complete Fig. 6.2 to show: • the path of ray 2 leaving the lens • the image. [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) kinetic (energy) ; 1 6(b) air resistance ; 1 6(c) density = mass ÷ volume in any form / 3700 × 1.2 ; 4400 (kg) ; 2 6(d)(i) 5.5–5.8 s AND sudden decrease in speed / large deceleration ; 1 6(d)(ii) smaller deceleration for (0–5.5) s ; less steep gradient on graph ; 2 6(e) (ray 2) undeviated straight line ; (image) inverted AND from principal axis to intersection of ray 1 and ray 2 ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2021

6 A meteorite is a rock from space that travels through the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the surface of the Earth. (a) A meteorite is moving in space towards the Earth. State the type of energy that the meteorite has due to its motion. … [1] (b) The meteorite slows down as it travels through the Earth’s atmosphere. State the name of the force that slows the meteorite down. … [1] (c) The volume of the meteorite is 1.2 m3. The density of the meteorite is 3700 kg / m3. Calculate the mass of the meteorite. mass = … kg [2] (d) Fig. 6.1 shows a speed–time graph for the meteorite as it travels through the Earth’s atmosphere and then hits the surface of the Earth. 20 15 speed 10 km / s 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time / s Fig. 6.1 (i) Use Fig. 6.1 to identify the time at which the meteorite hits the surface of the Earth. Give a reason for your answer. time … s reason … [1] (ii) Compare the deceleration of the meteorite between 0 s and 5.5 s with the deceleration of the meteorite between 5.5 s and 5.8 s. Explain your answer. … … [2] (e) Lenses are often used in telescopes to help astronomers observe objects in space. Fig. 6.2 shows an incomplete ray diagram for two rays of light from an object entering a thin converging lens. F is the principal focus of the lens. ray 1 ray 2 F principal axis object lens Fig. 6.2 Complete Fig. 6.2 to show: • the path of ray 2 leaving the lens • the image. [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) kinetic (energy) ; 1 6(b) air resistance ; 1 6(c) density = mass ÷ volume in any form / 3700 × 1.2 ; 4400 (kg) ; 2 6(d)(i) 5.5–5.8 s AND sudden decrease in speed / large deceleration ; 1 6(d)(ii) smaller deceleration for (0–5.5) s ; less steep gradient on graph ; 2 6(e) (ray 2) undeviated straight line ; (image) inverted AND from principal axis to intersection of ray 1 and ray 2 ; 2

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2021

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a child in a moving toy car. The car is moving forwards. The toy car has an electric motor. The electric motor is powered by a battery. Fig. 3.1 (a) Complete the boxes to show the useful energy changes that occur when the battery is used to make the car move. One box has been completed for you. electrical … … … energy in the energy in the energy of the battery motor circuit moving car [2] (b) The car moves forwards for 8 seconds at a constant speed of 0.7 m / s. Calculate the distance travelled by the car. distance = … m [2] (c) Fig. 3.2 shows the forces acting on the car moving at constant speed. P S Q R Fig. 3.2 (i) State which force, P, Q, R or S, is the weight. … [1] (ii) The weight of the car and child is 400 N. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. Calculate the mass of the car and child. mass = … kg [2] (iii) Force S is increased. All the other forces remain unchanged. Describe the effect this has on the motion of the toy car. … … [1] (iv) The child applies the car’s brakes. State which force, P, Q, R or S, is changed by applying the brakes. Describe the change in this force. force … change … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) chemical (potential) ; kinetic ; 2 3(b) speed = distance ÷ time (in any form) / (distance =) 0.7 × 8 ; 5.6 (m) ; 2 3(c)(i) R ; 1 3(c)(ii) weight = mass x g (in any form) / (mass =) 400 ÷ 10 ; 40 (kg) ; 2 3(c)(iii) car accelerates / increases in speed ; 1 3(c)(iv) Q ; increases ; 2

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2022

3 Fig. 3.1 shows the forces acting as a student rides on a moving scooter. The scooter has an electric motor. Q electric motor P S scooter R Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Force R is the result of the Earth’s gravitational field acting on the total mass of the student and the scooter. Name force R. … [1] (ii) The total mass of the student and the scooter is 35 kg. Calculate the magnitude of force R. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. force R = … N [2] (b) Fig. 3.2 shows a speed-time graph for the motion of the scooter. 3.5 3.0 2.5 speed 2.0 m / s 1.5 1.0 0.5 00 2 4 6 8 10 12 time / s Fig. 3.2 (i) State the maximum speed of the scooter in Fig. 3.2. maximum speed = … m / s [1] (ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the scooter while at maximum speed. distance = … m [2] (iii) The scooter has a speedometer that shows the speed in km / h. At one point the speedometer reads 3.6 km / h. Show that 3.6 km / h is the same as 1.0 m / s. [2] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) weight ; 1 3(a)(ii) W = mg (in any form) / 35  10 ; 350 (N) ; 2 3(b)(i) 3.3 (m / s) ; 1 3(b)(ii) distance = speed  time (in any form) / 3.3  6.0 ; 19.8 (m / s) ; 2 3(b)(iii) 1.0  3600 (= 3600 m / h) ; 3600 / 1000 (km / h) ; OR 3.6  1000 (= 3600 m / h) ; 3600 / 3600 (=1.0 m / s) ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2022

3 Fig. 3.1 shows forces P, Q, R and S acting on an airplane moving forward along a runway. S R P runway Q Fig. 3.1 (a) Force P is the driving force of the airplane engines. State the name of force R. … [1] (b) The airplane has a weight of 1 200 000 N. Calculate the mass of the airplane. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. mass = … kg [2] (c) The airplane moves along the runway for 50 s at a constant speed of 100 km / h. (i) Show that the speed of the airplane in metres per second is 28 m / s. [2] (ii) Calculate the distance the airplane moves along the runway in 50 s. distance = … m [2] (d) (i) The airplane moves along the runway. • From t = 0 s to t = 50 s, the airplane moves at a constant speed of 28 m / s. • From t = 50 s to t = 100 s, the airplane accelerates with constant acceleration. • At t = 100 s, the airplane reaches a speed of 84 m / s. On Fig. 3.2, plot a speed-time graph of the motion of the airplane from t = 0 s to t = 100 s. 100 80 60 speed m / s 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 time / s Fig. 3.2 [3] (ii) At t = 100 s, the airplane takes off. The airplane climbs to a height of 5000 m above the ground. State the form of energy gained by the airplane due to its increase in height. … [1] [Total: 11]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a) friction ; 1 3(b) evidence of, W = mg / 1 200 000 ÷ 10 ; 2 120 000 (kg) ; 3(c)(i) one unit conversion correct (1 km = 1000 m / 1 hour = 3600 s) ; 2 speed conversion shown (= 27.8 or 28) (m / s) ; 3(c)(ii) evidence of, speed = distance ÷ time / 28  50 ; 2 1400 (m) ; 3(d)(i) horizontal line from t = 0 s to t = 50 s ; 3 straight diagonal line from t = 50 s to t = 100 s ; horizontal line at 28 m / s AND diagonal line finishes at 84 m / s ; 3(d)(ii) gravitational (potential) ; 1

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2022

3 In 1997, the Thrust Supersonic Car set a world land speed record. (a) Fig. 3.1 shows forces R, S, V and T acting on the moving car. direction of motion R V T S Fig. 3.1 (i) State the name of force S. … [1] (ii) The car moves at a constant speed in a straight line along a horizontal track. Force T = 223 000 N. State the magnitude of force V. force V = … N [1] (b) (i) The world land speed record set was 1228 km / h. Show that the record speed of the car in metres per second is 341 m / s. [2] (ii) The car moves a distance of 1609 m at the record speed of 341 m / s. Calculate the time taken to travel this distance. time = … s [2] (c) There is chemical potential energy stored in the fuel of the car. Combustion of the fuel allows the car to accelerate. Some of this chemical potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy of the moving car. Suggest two other forms of energy to which the chemical potential energy is transferred. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Fig. 3.2 is a speed–time graph for the motion of the car. 400 300 speed m / s 200 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 time / s Fig. 3.2 Draw one straight line from each time period to the matching motion of the car. time period motion of the car 0–20 s constant speed 20–40 s deceleration 40–100 s increasing speed [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) weight ; 1 3(a)(ii) 223 000 (N) ; 1 3(b)(i) one unit conversion correct (1 km = 1000 m / 1 hour = 3600 s) ; 2 speed conversion shown (= 341) (m / s) ; 3(b)(ii) evidence of, speed = distance ÷ time / 1609 ÷ 341 ; 2 4.72 (s) ; 3(c) any two from: 2 thermal / heat energy (of, surroundings / car / exhaust gases ; sound energy (of, car / engines) ; kinetic energy of exhaust gases ; light / radiation, energy (from engines) ; 3(d) time period description 2 0–20 s constant speed 20–40 s deceleration 40–100 s increasing speed 1 correct ; 3 correct ;

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2022

3 In 1997, the Thrust Supersonic Car set a world land speed record. (a) Fig. 3.1 shows forces R, S, V and T acting on the moving car. direction of motion R V T S Fig. 3.1 (i) State the name of force S. … [1] (ii) The car moves at a constant speed in a straight line along a horizontal track. Force T = 223 000 N. State the magnitude of force V. force V = … N [1] (b) (i) The world land speed record set was 1228 km / h. Show that the record speed of the car in metres per second is 341 m / s. [2] (ii) The car moves a distance of 1609 m at the record speed of 341 m / s. Calculate the time taken to travel this distance. time = … s [2] (c) There is chemical potential energy stored in the fuel of the car. Combustion of the fuel allows the car to accelerate. Some of this chemical potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy of the moving car. Suggest two other forms of energy to which the chemical potential energy is transferred. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) Fig. 3.2 is a speed–time graph for the motion of the car. 400 300 speed m / s 200 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 time / s Fig. 3.2 Draw one straight line from each time period to the matching motion of the car. time period motion of the car 0–20 s constant speed 20–40 s deceleration 40–100 s increasing speed [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) weight ; 1 3(a)(ii) 223 000 (N) ; 1 3(b)(i) one unit conversion correct (1 km = 1000 m / 1 hour = 3600 s) ; 2 speed conversion shown (= 341) (m / s) ; 3(b)(ii) evidence of, speed = distance ÷ time / 1609 ÷ 341 ; 2 4.72 (s) ; 3(c) any two from: 2 thermal / heat energy (of, surroundings / car / exhaust gases ; sound energy (of, car / engines) ; kinetic energy of exhaust gases ; light / radiation, energy (from engines) ; 3(d) time period description 2 0–20 s constant speed 20–40 s deceleration 40–100 s increasing speed 1 correct ; 3 correct ;

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2022

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a distance–time graph for a student riding a bicycle. 1000 800 600 distance / m 400 200 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 time / s Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, mark with an X where the student is travelling fastest. [1] (ii) On Fig. 3.1, mark with a Y where the student is gradually slowing down. [1] (b) (i) During the journey, the student rests for some time before moving on again. Use Fig. 3.1 to determine for how long the student rests. time = … s [1] (ii) The student’s journey takes 300 s. Use Fig. 3.1 to calculate the average speed for the journey. speed = … m / s [2] (c) (i) Fig. 3.2 shows the student holding the bicycle off the ground with an upwards force of 97 N. Fig. 3.2 The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. Calculate the mass of the bicycle. mass = … kg [2] (ii) The student does useful work to lift the bicycle off the ground. Use words and phrases from the list below to state the useful energy transfers that take place. Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once, or not at all. chemical potential elastic potential electrical potential gravitational potential kinetic sound thermal Energy is transferred: from … energy in the student to … energy of the moving bicycle and then to … energy in the stationary lifted bicycle. [3] (iii) Explain why the total energy transferred by the student is more than the useful work done on the bicycle. … … … [1]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) X on any point on steepest section of graph ; 1 3(a)(ii) Y on any point on the curved section of the graph at the top ; 1 3(b)(i) 50 (s) ; 1 3(b)(ii) (average) speed = (total) distance ÷ (total) time in any form ; 2 840  300 = 2.8 (m / s) ; 3(c)(i) W = mg in any form ; 2 97  10 = 9.7 ; 3(c)(ii) chemical potential ; 3 kinetic ; gravitational potential ; 3(c)(iii) energy lost / wasted, as thermal / heat energy ; 1

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2023

6 Figure 6.1 shows a moving conveyor belt carrying a box from the ground up to an aircraft. The box weighs 500 N. NOT TO SCALE 0.20 m / s aircraft moving 2 m conveyor belt Fig. 6.1 (a) (i) On Fig. 6.1, draw a force arrow to show the weight of the box. The arrow must be in contact with the box. [1] (ii) Complete the sentence. The weight of the box is due to the … force acting on the box. [1] (b) The conveyor belt carries the box at 0.20 m / s from the ground to the top in 25 s. Calculate the length of the conveyor belt from the ground to the top. length = … m [2] (c) An electric motor drives the conveyor belt. Complete the sentences to describe the useful energy transfers. The energy input to move the conveyor belt is … energy. This is transferred to … energy of the moving conveyor belt and the box. When the box stops at the top, it has gained … energy. [3] (d) The conveyor belt stops for a short time when the box is only half-way to the top. The box stays at rest on the conveyor belt. Explain in terms of the forces acting on the box, why the box stays at rest. … … [1] (e) When the box reaches the top, the box is stationary in the aircraft. As a result of the work done, the box gains a total of 2.5 kJ of energy. The total energy input to the electric motor doing this work is 90 kJ. Explain the difference between these figures. … … [1] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) arrow in contact with box pointing vertically downwards ; 1 6(a)(ii) gravitational ; 1 6(b) speed = distance  time (in any form) OR distance = 25  0.2 ; 5 (m) ; 2 6(c) electrical ; kinetic ; gravitational potential ; 3 6(d) all forces balanced / no resultant force ; 1 6(e) energy lost / wasted, as thermal energy / energy needed to move, belt / motor ; 1

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2023

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a speed–time graph for a car on part of a journey along a road. 30 speed m / s 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 time / s Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Deduce the time interval for which the car is moving at a constant speed of 20 m / s. time interval = … s [1] (ii) During the journey the car stops at traffic lights. Deduce the time interval for which the car stops at the traffic lights. time interval = … s [1] (iii) On Fig. 3.1, mark with an X a point at which the car is decelerating. [1] (b) For part of the journey the car is travelling at 25 m / s. Calculate the speed of the car in km / h. speed = … km / h [1] (c) In another part of the journey the car travels at a constant speed of 30 m / s for 65 s. Calculate the distance the car travels in this time interval. distance = … m [2] (d) At the traffic lights the driver sees a red light. The light contains a lamp and lens. Fig. 3.2 shows the arrangement of the lamp and the lens. The lamp is at the principal focus of the lens. NOT TO SCALE Fig. 3.2 (i) Complete the sentence. When light waves pass from air into glass, they can undergo … due to a change in the … of the waves. [2] (ii) On Fig. 3.2, complete the three rays emitted by the traffic light to show how they reach the lens from the lamp. [1] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) 10 (s) ; 1 3(a)(ii) 20 (s) ; 1 3(a)(iii) X on line between t = 10 s and t = 25 s ; 1 3(b) 90 (km / h) ; 1 3(c) speed = distance  time (in any form) / distance = 30  65 ; 1950 (m) ; 2 3(d)(i) refraction ; speed ; 2 3(d)(ii) ; 1

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2023

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a football player kicking a football. Fig. 3.1 (a) Fig. 3.2 shows a speed–time graph for the horizontal motion of the ball after leaving the player’s foot. 40 speed m / s 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 time / s Fig. 3.2 (i) State the horizontal speed of the ball as it leaves the player’s foot. speed = … m / s [1] (ii) The ball hits the ground and rolls forwards before it stops. On Fig. 3.2, mark with an X a time when the ball is decelerating. [1] (iii) Explain why the horizontal speed of the ball does not increase after leaving the player’s foot. … … [1] (b) Fig. 3.3 shows the player holding the football on his hand without the ball moving. Fig. 3.3 The player uses an upward force of 4.0 N to hold the ball stationary. Calculate the mass of the ball. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. mass = … kg [2] (c) The mass of another ball is 150 g. The ball has a volume of 180 cm3. Calculate the density of the ball. Give the units of your answer. density = … units … [3] [Total: 8]

8 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) 31 (m / s) ; 1 3(a)(ii) X marked at any point between t = 3 s and t = 5 s ; 1 3(a)(iii) no forward force (acting on the ball) ; 1 3(b) weight = mass  g (in any form) / m = 4  10 ; 0.4(0) (kg) ; 2 3(c) density = mass  volume / d = 150  180 ; 0.83(3) ; g / cm3 ; 3

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2023

3 Fig. 3.1 shows the forces acting on an aircraft in flight. lift thrust air resistance weight Fig. 3.1 (a) The aircraft has a mass of 190 000 kg. (i) Calculate the weight of the aircraft. The gravitational force on unit mass g is 10 N / kg. weight = … N [2] (ii) Complete the sentences about air resistance. Air resistance is a force that acts on an object moving through air. Air resistance is a form of … . [1] (iii) The body of the aircraft is made of an aluminium alloy with a density of 2800 kg / m3. The mass of the aluminium alloy is 120 000 kg. Calculate the volume of the aluminium alloy. volume = … m3 [2] (b) Complete the sentences about energy transfers. The aircraft uses fuel for combustion. When the aircraft climbs higher at a constant speed, energy is transferred from … energy to … energy. [2] (c) The aircraft travels a distance of 1950 km in a time of 4 h 15 min. Calculate the average speed for this journey in km / h. speed = … km / h [3] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) evidence of, W = mg / 190 000  10 ; 2 1 900 000 (N) ; 3(a)(ii) friction ; 1 3(a)(iii) m 2 evidence of, = / 120 000 ÷ 2800 ; V 43 (m3) ; 3(b) chemical (potential) ; 2 gravitational potential ; 3(c) evidence of, speed = distance ÷ time / 1950 ÷ 4.25 ; 3 unit conversion of 15 mins to 0.25 hour ; 459 (km / h) ;

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2023

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a spacecraft approaching the planet Venus. Fig. 9.1 (a) The spacecraft detects visible light and infrared radiation coming from Venus. (i) Complete the sentences using words from this list. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all. electromagnetic higher longer lower radio shorter ultraviolet X–ray Visible light and infrared radiation are regions of the … spectrum. The frequency of visible light is … than the frequency of infrared radiation. [2] (ii) Suggest why energy is not transferred by conduction or convection through space. … … [1] (b) The spacecraft takes 120 days to travel from the Earth to Venus. The distance travelled from the Earth to Venus is 6.9 × 1010 km. (i) Calculate the average speed of the spacecraft in kilometres per hour (km / h). speed = … km / h [3] (ii) State the energy that the spacecraft has due to its motion. … [1] [Total: 7]

7 marks

Mark scheme: 9(a)(i) electromagnetic ; 2 higher ; in this order ; 9(a)(ii) idea that both need a (material) medium to transfer energy ; 1 9(b)(i) conversion 120 days to (120  24) / 2880 hours ; 3 average speed = total distance  total time in any form OR 6.9  1010  2880 ; 2.4  107 (km / h) ; 9(b)(ii) kinetic ; 1

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2024

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a mechanical crane using force P to lift a box from the ground to the top of a building. crane building P box Fig. 6.1 (a) (i) The box weighs 15 000 N. Calculate the mass of the box. The gravitational force on unit mass is 10 N / kg. mass = … kg [2] (ii) The box has a volume of 2.0 m3. Use your answer to (a)(i) to calculate the density of the box. density = … kg / m3 [2] (b) When the box is on the ground, the crane applies force P of 16 000 N to the box. Describe what happens to the box when this force is applied. Use ideas about motion in your answer. … … … [2] (c) The building is 56 m tall. The crane lifts the box at an average speed of 0.28 m / s. (i) Calculate the time taken to lift the box from the ground to the top of the building. time = … s [2] (ii) The box gains 825 000 J of gravitational potential energy (GPE) when it is lifted to the top of the building. The crane lifts a second box of the same weight to the top of the building at an average speed of 0.50 m / s. State whether the second box gains more, less or the same gravitational potential energy (GPE) as the first box. Explain your answer. … … … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a)(i) 1500 (kg) ; 2 Question Answer Marks 6(a)(ii) d = m  V in any form / 1500  2.0 ; 750 (kg / m3) ; 2 6(b) moves upward ; accelerates / speed increases ; 2 6(c)(i) speed = distance  time in any form OR 56  0.28 ; 200 (s) ; 2 6(c)(ii) same (gravitational PE) gain ; gain (in PE) only depends on height gained / does not depend on speed / different speed does not affect PE ; 2

This question in 0653/31 May/June 2024

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a rover vehicle on the planet Mars. Fig. 6.1 (a) The vehicle travels at an average speed of 0.0089 m / s. Show that the average speed of the vehicle is 0.032 km / h. [1] (b) Fig. 6.2 shows a speed–time graph for the vehicle on one of its journeys on Mars. 0.020 speed m / s 0.015 0.010 0.005 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 time / s Fig. 6.2 (i) Use Fig. 6.2 to find the maximum speed of the vehicle on this journey. speed = … m / s [1] (ii) During its journey, the vehicle climbs over a large rock. This causes a change in the motion of the vehicle before it continues. Describe the motion using data from the graph in Fig. 6.2. … … … … … [3] (c) The vehicle carries a video camera to record pictures and a microphone to record sound. The camera records the fall of a rock from a cliff at a distance of 120 m. Energy is transferred by sound waves to the microphone. The microphone records the sound 0.5 s after the rock hits the ground. (i) Complete the sequence of energy transfers that occur as the rock falls. Energy stored as … potential energy of the rock on the cliff is transferred to … energy of the falling rock. As the rock hits the ground, energy is transferred by sound waves. [2] (ii) Calculate the speed of sound on Mars. speed = … m / s [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) (= 0.032 km / h) 1 6(b)(i) 0.018 (m / s) ; 1 6(b)(ii) any 3 from: at 50 s hits rock ; slows down / decelerates ; minimum speed at 60 s / minimum speed is 0.010 m / s ; then speeds up / accelerates ; 3 6(c)(i) gravitational ; kinetic ; in this order 2 6(c)(ii) speed of sound = distance  time = 120  0.5 ; 240 (m / s) ; 2

This question in 0653/32 May/June 2024

3 Fig. 3.1 shows three forces, Q, R and S, acting on a bus moving along a level road at constant speed. direction of travel R S Q road Fig. 3.1 (a) The gravitational force acting on the bus is not shown on Fig. 3.1. (i) On Fig. 3.1, draw an arrow to represent the gravitational force acting on the bus and label it P. [1] (ii) State the name of the gravitational force P. … [1] (b) The driving force Q of the bus is 2500 N as it moves. (i) Explain why force S must also be 2500 N as the bus moves along a level road at constant speed. … … [1] (ii) Force Q is increased to 3000 N. Force S does not change. Find the resultant of the forces Q and S acting on the bus. resultant = … N [1] (iii) Describe the effect on the motion of the bus of the resultant force in (b)(ii). … [1] (c) Fig. 3.2 shows a speed–time graph of the motion of a bus between two bus stops. 15 10 speed m / s 5 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 time / s Fig. 3.2 (i) Determine the speed of the bus when it is travelling at constant speed. speed = … m / s [1] (ii) Determine the time when the bus begins to decelerate and the time when it ends decelerating. begins at time = … s ends at time = … s [1] (d) The bus uses batteries to supply energy to the electric motors that drive the wheels of the bus. Complete the sentence by identifying the energy transfers that happen when the bus is moving. One has been done for you. Energy is transferred from … potential energy in the batteries electrical to … energy in the motors and then to … energy of the motors and the moving bus. [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 3(a)(i) arrow vertically down, touching bus ; 1 3(a)(ii) weight ; 1 3(b)(i) no resultant force / (driving) force Q must equal (friction) force S / forces are equal and opposite ; 1 Question Answer Marks 3(b)(ii) (resultant force = 3000 – 2500 =) 500 (N) ; 1 3(b)(iii) acceleration ; 1 3(c)(i) 12 (m / s) ; 1 3(c)(ii) (begins at time) 250 (s) (ends at time) 300 (s) ; 1 3(d) chemical ; kinetic ; in this order 2

This question in 0653/33 May/June 2024

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a horse pulling a cart along a flat, horizontal road. horse cart Fig. 6.1 The horse and cart move forward at a constant speed of 3.2 km / h. (a) Complete the sentences about the horse using one word in each gap. The horse is moving at constant speed, so the … energy of the horse must be constant. The horse is moving along a flat, horizontal road, so the … potential energy of the horse must be constant. The … of the horse is related to the work done by the horse and the time taken to do the work. [3] (b) Calculate the time taken, in hours, for the horse and cart to move a distance of 4.0 km. time = … h [2] (c) The horse pulls the cart forward with constant force F. Fig. 6.2 shows force F acting on the cart. F Fig. 6.2 Force F keeps the cart moving at constant speed. Suggest why force F does not increase the speed of the cart. … … … [2] (d) The hearing range of the horse is different from the hearing range of a healthy human. The range of audible frequencies for the horse is 55 Hz to 33.5 kHz. (i) State what is meant by a frequency of 55 Hz. … … [1] (ii) Use data to describe how the hearing range of the horse is different from the hearing range of a healthy human. … … … … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) kinetic ; 3 gravitational ; power ; 6(b) evidence of speed = distance  time / 4.0  3.2 ; 2 1.25 (h) ; 6(c) (there must be an) opposing force, e.g. friction ; 2 idea that, forces must be balanced / opposing force must be equal in magnitude to F ; 6(d)(i) 55, vibrations / oscillations, per second ; 1 6(d)(ii) any two from: 2 the horse can hear frequencies higher than 20 kHz ; the horse cannot hear frequencies as low as 20 Hz ; the horse has wider frequency range of 33 445 Hz (vs 19 980 Hz) ; the hearing range of the horse is 55 Hz to 33.5 kHz whereas the hearing range of a human is 20 Hz to 20k Hz ;

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2024

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a horse pulling a cart along a flat, horizontal road. horse cart Fig. 6.1 The horse and cart move forward at a constant speed of 3.2 km / h. (a) Complete the sentences about the horse using one word in each gap. The horse is moving at constant speed, so the … energy of the horse must be constant. The horse is moving along a flat, horizontal road, so the … potential energy of the horse must be constant. The … of the horse is related to the work done by the horse and the time taken to do the work. [3] (b) Calculate the time taken, in hours, for the horse and cart to move a distance of 4.0 km. time = … h [2] (c) The horse pulls the cart forward with constant force F. Fig. 6.2 shows force F acting on the cart. F Fig. 6.2 Force F keeps the cart moving at constant speed. Suggest why force F does not increase the speed of the cart. … … … [2] (d) The hearing range of the horse is different from the hearing range of a healthy human. The range of audible frequencies for the horse is 55 Hz to 33.5 kHz. (i) State what is meant by a frequency of 55 Hz. … … [1] (ii) Use data to describe how the hearing range of the horse is different from the hearing range of a healthy human. … … … … [2] [Total: 10]

10 marks

Mark scheme: 6(a) kinetic ; 3 gravitational ; power ; 6(b) evidence of speed = distance  time / 4.0  3.2 ; 2 1.25 (h) ; 6(c) (there must be an) opposing force, e.g. friction ; 2 idea that, forces must be balanced / opposing force must be equal in magnitude to F ; 6(d)(i) 55, vibrations / oscillations, per second ; 1 6(d)(ii) any two from: 2 the horse can hear frequencies higher than 20 kHz ; the horse cannot hear frequencies as low as 20 Hz ; the horse has wider frequency range of 33 445 Hz (vs 19 980 Hz) ; the hearing range of the horse is 55 Hz to 33.5 kHz whereas the hearing range of a human is 20 Hz to 20k Hz ;

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2024

7 An electric motor is connected to a battery. The motor lifts a mass through a vertical distance, as shown in Fig. 7.1. battery motor + – mass Fig. 7.1 (a) Fig. 7.2 shows a speed–time graph for the motion of the mass. 0.08 0.06 speed 0.04 m / s 0.02 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 time / s Fig. 7.2 Draw one straight line from each time to the correct description of the motion of the mass at that time. time motion of the mass 0.5 s accelerating 2.5 s at rest 4.5 s moving at constant speed [2] (b) The mass is lifted through a vertical distance of 18 cm in a time of 4.0 s. Calculate the average speed, in metres per second, of the mass. average speed = … m / s [3] (c) The mass is lifted through a vertical distance. Complete the sentence about the main energy transfer that occurs. The energy in the … store of the battery transfers to the … … store of the mass. [2] (d) The power output of the motor is 80 W. Calculate the energy output from the motor in 4.0 s. energy = … J [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 7(a) 2 ; ; one correct line = 1 mark three correct lines = 2 marks 7(b) conversion of cm to m ; 3 average speed = total distance ÷ total time / 0.18 ÷ 4.0 ; 0.045 (m / s) ; 7(c) chemical ; 2 gravitational potential ; 7(d) P = E ÷ t / 80  4.0 ; 2 320 (J) ;

This question in 0653/32 Feb/March 2025

7 (a) A student rides a bicycle along a straight, level road. Fig. 7.1 shows the distance–time graph for part of the student’s journey. 600 500 400 distance / m 300 200 100 0 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 time / s Fig. 7.1 (i) State the total distance travelled by the student in 240 s. distance = … m [1] (ii) Draw one line from each time interval to the correct description of motion. time interval description of motion 0–80 s at rest 80–120 s 120–160 s moving with constant speed 160–240 s [2] (iii) Determine the maximum speed of the student. speed = … m / s [2] (b) (i) The student in (a) now accelerates along the straight, level road. Circle one word to describe how each energy store for the student is affected. chemical increases / decreases / stays the same kinetic increases / decreases / stays the same gravitational potential increases / decreases / stays the same [1] (ii) The student in (a) now travels up a slope at constant speed. Circle one word to describe how each energy store for the student is affected. chemical increases / decreases / stays the same kinetic increases / decreases / stays the same gravitational potential increases / decreases / stays the same [1] (c) Fossil fuels are burned to obtain useful energy. Describe how electrical power is generated from fossil fuels in a power station. … … … … [2] [Total: 9]

9 marks

Mark scheme: 7(a)(i) 480 (m) ; 1 7(a)(ii) 2 two or three lines correct ; four lines correct ; 7(a)(iii) s = d ÷ t / 260 ÷ 40 ; 2 6.5 (m / s) ; 7(b)(i) chemical decreases 1 kinetic increases gravitational (potential) stays the same all correct ; 7(b)(ii) chemical decreases kinetic stays the same gravitational (potential) increases all correct ; 7(c) any two from: 2 water heated / steam produced (in boiler) ; (steam turns) turbine ; (turbine turns) generator ;

This question in 0653/31 Oct/Nov 2025

8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a ray of light reflected by a plane mirror. normal ray of light Y X W Z plane mirror Fig. 8.1 (i) Tick (✓) one box to show the name of angle X. angle of dispersion angle of incidence angle of reflection angle of refraction [1] (ii) Angle W is 30°. Determine the size of angle Y. angle Y = … ° [1] (b) A ray of light in air enters a glass block, as shown in Fig. 8.2. K Fig. 8.2 Draw on Fig. 8.2 the emergent ray of light leaving the glass block at K. [1] (c) Fig. 8.3 shows the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of low to high frequency. radio microwave infrared visible ultraviolet X-ray gamma Fig. 8.3 (i) An application of the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum is detecting fake bank notes. State an application of each of the following regions. microwave … infrared … [2] (ii) The Sun radiates most of its energy in three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. State the names of these three regions. 1 … 2 … 3 … [2] (iii) List the colours of the visible spectrum in order of low to high frequency. … … [2] (d) The Moon reflects light from the Sun to the Earth. The Moon is a distance of 380 000 km from the Earth. The speed of light is 3.0 × 105 km / s. Calculate the time it takes light to travel from the Moon to the Earth. time = … s [2] [Total: 11]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 8(a)(i) angle of incidence ; 1 8(a)(ii) (calculation of angle of reflection / 90 – 30) = 60 (o) ; 1 8(b) emerging ray drawn which bends away from normal as it leaves the glass block ; 1 8(c)(i) satellite television / mobile (cell) phone / microwave ovens ; 2 remote controllers (for televisions) / thermal imaging ; 8(c)(ii) infrared 2 visible ultraviolet one or two correct ; three correct ; 8(c)(iii) red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet 2 seven colours correct ; correct order ; 8(d) 2 speed = distance ÷ time / 380 000 ÷ 3.0  105 ; 1.3 (s) ;

This question in 0653/32 Oct/Nov 2025

8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a ray of light reflected by a plane mirror. normal ray of light Y X W Z plane mirror Fig. 8.1 (i) Tick (✓) one box to show the name of angle X. angle of dispersion angle of incidence angle of reflection angle of refraction [1] (ii) Angle W is 30°. Determine the size of angle Y. angle Y = … ° [1] (b) A ray of light in air enters a glass block, as shown in Fig. 8.2. K Fig. 8.2 Draw on Fig. 8.2 the emergent ray of light leaving the glass block at K. [1] (c) Fig. 8.3 shows the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of low to high frequency. radio microwave infrared visible ultraviolet X-ray gamma Fig. 8.3 (i) An application of the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum is detecting fake bank notes. State an application of each of the following regions. microwave … infrared … [2] (ii) The Sun radiates most of its energy in three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. State the names of these three regions. 1 … 2 … 3 … [2] (iii) List the colours of the visible spectrum in order of low to high frequency. … … [2] (d) The Moon reflects light from the Sun to the Earth. The Moon is a distance of 380 000 km from the Earth. The speed of light is 3.0 × 105 km / s. Calculate the time it takes light to travel from the Moon to the Earth. time = … s [2] [Total: 11]

11 marks

Mark scheme: 8(a)(i) angle of incidence ; 1 8(a)(ii) (calculation of angle of reflection / 90 – 30) = 60 (o) ; 1 8(b) emerging ray drawn which bends away from normal as it leaves the glass block ; 1 8(c)(i) satellite television / mobile (cell) phone / microwave ovens ; 2 remote controllers (for televisions) / thermal imaging ; 8(c)(ii) infrared 2 visible ultraviolet one or two correct ; three correct ; 8(c)(iii) red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet 2 seven colours correct ; correct order ; 8(d) 2 speed = distance ÷ time / 380 000 ÷ 3.0  105 ; 1.3 (s) ;

This question in 0653/33 Oct/Nov 2025