Air quality and climate — Paper 2 · IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654

23 Which statement explains how oxides of nitrogen are formed in a car engine? A Nitrogen in the air reacts with the fuel. B Oxygen and nitrogen in the air react together. C Oxygen in the air reacts with nitrogen impurities in the fuel. D Oxygen in the air reacts with the fuel.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 May/June 2017

24 Modern cars are fitted with catalytic converters to reduce the pollution of the atmosphere. Carbon monoxide is produced by the ««1«« combustion of petrol. Nitrogen monoxide is produced in the car engine. The nitrogen monoxide is ««2«« by the carbon monoxide in the catalytic converter to produce ««3«« . Which words complete gaps 1, 2 and 3? 1 2 3 A complete oxidised nitrogen dioxide B complete reduced nitrogen C incomplete oxidised nitrogen dioxide D incomplete reduced nitrogen

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/23 May/June 2017

23 What are the sources of hydrogen and nitrogen used in the Haber process? hydrogen nitrogen A air ammonia B ethanol air C hydrocarbons air D steam ammonia

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0654/21 Oct/Nov 2017

23 Gases from a car engine pass through the catalytic converter in the exhaust system of the car. Which gases are at lower concentrations when they leave the catalytic converter? A carbon dioxide and nitrogen B carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides C carbon monoxide and nitrogen D carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/22 Oct/Nov 2017

12 The graph shows how the pH of a lake has changed from 1600 to 2000. 7 6 pH 5 4 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 year What would have contributed to the change from 1900 onwards? A burning of coal in nearby power stations B increasing global temperatures C increased growth of algae in the lake D the use of pesticides on nearby fields

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/23 Oct/Nov 2017

23 Which row describes how hydrogen and nitrogen are obtained for use in the Haber process? hydrogen nitrogen A electrolysis of sulfuric acid catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides B electrolysis of sulfuric acid distillation of air C reaction of methane and steam catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides D reaction of methane and steam distillation of air

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/23 Oct/Nov 2017

23 Which row describes the source of hydrogen and of nitrogen used to manufacture ammonia in the Haber process? hydrogen nitrogen A air air B air petroleum C petroleum air D petroleum petroleum

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0654/21 Oct/Nov 2018

13 Which gas does not contribute to acid rain? A carbon dioxide B methane C oxides of nitrogen D sulfur dioxide

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 Oct/Nov 2018

23 Which process takes place in the catalytic converter of a car exhaust? A oxidation of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide B oxidation of sulfur to sulfur dioxide C reduction of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water D reduction of oxides of nitrogen to nitrogen

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/23 Oct/Nov 2018

24 Which processes lead to the formation of a greenhouse gas? 1 reaction of sodium with water 2 respiration 3 combustion of fossil fuels A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0654/21 May/June 2019

24 Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and carbon monoxide are common pollutants in air. Which row shows a method of reducing the emissions of these pollutants into the air? sulfur dioxide nitrogen monoxide carbon monoxide A using low sulfur petrol using a catalytic converter using a catalytic converter B using calcium oxide using calcium oxide using a catalytic converter in a gas flue in a gas flue C using calcium oxide using calcium oxide using a catalytic converter in a gas flue in a gas flue D using calcium oxide using calcium oxide using a catalytic converter in a gas flue in a gas flue

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/22 May/June 2019

25 Which reaction does not occur in a catalytic converter? A 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 B CO2 + C → 2CO C 2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2 D 2NO → N2 + O2

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 Oct/Nov 2019

24 Which reaction does not take place in a catalytic converter? A 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 B 2NO → N2 + O2 C 2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2 D 2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/22 May/June 2020

23 Which reactions occur in a car’s catalytic converter? 1 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 2 2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2 3 N2 + O2 → 2NO A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/23 May/June 2020

23 Which process does not produce carbon dioxide? A acid reacting with a metal B acid reacting with sodium carbonate C complete combustion of methane D respiration

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/22 Oct/Nov 2020

23 Which process does not produce carbon dioxide? A acid reacting with a metal B acid reacting with sodium carbonate C complete combustion of methane D respiration

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/23 Oct/Nov 2020

23 Which statement explains how oxides of nitrogen are formed in a car engine? A Nitrogen from the air reacts with the fuel. B Oxygen and nitrogen from the air react together. C Oxygen from the air reacts with sulfur impurities in the fuel. D Oxygen from the air reacts with the fuel.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/21 May/June 2021

23 Which statement explains how oxides of nitrogen are formed in a car engine? A Nitrogen from the air reacts with the fuel. B Oxygen and nitrogen from the air react together. C Oxygen from the air reacts with sulfur impurities in the fuel. D Oxygen from the air reacts with the fuel.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 May/June 2021

23 Which statement explains how oxides of nitrogen are formed in a car engine? A Nitrogen from the air reacts with the fuel. B Oxygen and nitrogen from the air react together. C Oxygen from the air reacts with sulfur impurities in the fuel. D Oxygen from the air reacts with the fuel.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/23 May/June 2021

23 Which row identifies a gas removed from exhaust emissions and a gas produced by a catalytic converter? gas removed gas produced A carbon dioxide carbon monoxide B carbon dioxide oxygen C nitrogen monoxide carbon monoxide D nitrogen monoxide oxygen

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/21 Oct/Nov 2021

26 Which compound is used to neutralise acidic gases? A calcium carbonate B calcium chloride C calcium phosphate D calcium sulfate

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/22 Oct/Nov 2021

24 Some cars have catalytic converters in their exhaust systems. Some of the gases produced when petrol burns are listed. 1 carbon dioxide 2 carbon monoxide 3 oxides of nitrogen Which gases are removed in catalytic converters? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/23 Oct/Nov 2021

24 Which statements about the reactions in a catalytic converter are correct? 1 The catalyst needs to be hot for the reactions to work. 2 Carbon dioxide is converted to carbon monoxide. 3 It converts pollutant gases into gases present in clean air. 4 Nitrogen and oxygen combine to form nitrogen monoxide. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 Feb/March 2022

23 Gases from a car engine travel through a catalytic converter and out through the exhaust. Some of the gases going into the converter are listed. 1 carbon dioxide 2 carbon monoxide 3 nitrogen 4 nitrogen monoxide Which gases increase in quantity in the catalytic converter? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/22 May/June 2022

22 Which atmospheric pollutant is removed from air by lime? A ammonia B carbon monoxide C hydrocarbons D sulfur dioxide

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/21 May/June 2023

23 Which row describes how hydrogen and nitrogen are obtained for use in the Haber process? hydrogen nitrogen A electrolysis of sulfuric acid catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides B electrolysis of sulfuric acid distillation of air C reaction of methane and steam catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides D reaction of methane and steam distillation of air

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/21 May/June 2023

22 Car engines produce pollutant gases. Which gases are removed by catalytic converters? A carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide and sulfur dioxide B carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide only C nitrogen monoxide and sulfur dioxide only D carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 May/June 2023

22 Which equation represents a reaction that takes place in the catalytic converter of a car? A N2 + 2O2  2NO2 B 2NO  N2 + O2 C N2 + 3H2  2NH3 D 2SO2 + O2  2SO3

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/23 May/June 2023

25 Catalytic converters are fitted to cars to remove some gases from exhaust emissions. Which gases are released by catalytic converters? A carbon dioxide and nitrogen B carbon dioxide and nitrogen monoxide C carbon monoxide and nitrogen D carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/21 Oct/Nov 2023

24 The change in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over time is shown. 400 380 360 CO2 concentration 340 / ppm 320 300 280 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 year Which row identifies the cause of this change and an environmental problem caused by this change? cause environmental problem A increased combustion of sulfur acid rain containing fossil fuels B increased combustion of gasoline climate change C increased fermentation of sugars acid rain D increased cracking of crude oil climate change

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 Oct/Nov 2023

24 Which row shows the conditions used for making ammonia by the Haber process? pressure / atm temperature / C catalyst A 250 450 iron B 250 200 vanadium pentoxide C 2 200 iron D 2 450 vanadium pentoxide

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/23 Oct/Nov 2023

26 What is the main constituent of clean air and of natural gas? clean air natural gas A nitrogen ethane B nitrogen methane C oxygen ethane D oxygen methane

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/23 May/June 2024

23 A sample of air is analysed before and after it is used in an experiment. The percentage composition of the air before and after the experiment is recorded. nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide other gases before 78 21 0.04 small amount after 78 17 4 small amount Which process does not produce this change in the composition of the air? A combustion of coal B combustion of natural gas C combustion of sulfur D respiration

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0654/22 Oct/Nov 2024

24 What is the catalyst used in the Contact process? A yeast B iron C nickel D vanadium(V) oxide

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0654/22 Oct/Nov 2024

24 Which statements about global warming are correct? 1 Global warming contributes to climate change. 2 Methane is a greenhouse gas. 3 Decreasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause global warming. 4 Carbon is a greenhouse gas. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0654/22 Feb/March 2025

22 Which row shows a greenhouse gas and its environmental effect? gas environmental effect A methane acid rain B methane global warming C carbon monoxide acid rain D carbon monoxide global warming

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 May/June 2025

23 Which statement explains how oxides of nitrogen are formed in a car engine? A Nitrogen from the air reacts with the fuel. B Oxygen and nitrogen from the air react together. C Oxygen from the air reacts with sulfur impurities in the fuel. D Oxygen from the air reacts with the fuel.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/22 May/June 2025

25 Which processes add carbon dioxide to the air? 1 complete combustion of ethanol 2 displacement of copper from aqueous copper(II) sulfate 3 reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with magnesium 4 reaction of dilute sulfuric acid with copper carbonate A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0654/23 May/June 2025

24 Which statements about air pollution are correct? 1 Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that is formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. 2 Oxides of nitrogen damage buildings and are produced by impurities in carbon-based fuels. 3 Sulfur dioxide produces acid rain and is formed by the combustion of fossil fuels. A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0654/23 Oct/Nov 2025