Ionic bonding — Paper 1 · A Level Chemistry 9701

3 Gallium nitride, GaN, could revolutionise the design of electric light bulbs because only a small length used as a filament gives excellent light at low cost. Gallium nitride is an ionic compound containing the Ga3+ ion. What is the electron arrangement of the nitrogen ion in gallium nitride? A 1s2 2s2 B 1s2 2s2 2p3 C 1s2 2s2 2p4 D 1s2 2s2 2p6

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2006

34 Compound X • does not conduct electricity when in a liquid state, • when added to water produces a solution that readily conducts electricity. What could X be? 1 MgCl2 2 SiCl4 3 PCl3

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2006

35 Hydroxyapatite, a basic calcium phosphate, Ca(OH)2.3Ca3(PO4)2, is the mineral found in bone. In older people, calcium ions can be lost from the hydroxyapatite, weakening the bone structure. In such cases, strontium salts are administered to strengthen the bone. The strontium ions replace the lost calcium ions in the hydroxyapatite. Which statements are correct? 1 Strontium ions are nearly the same size as calcium ions and so may easily replace them in the hydroxyapatite. 2 Strontium hydroxide is less soluble than calcium hydroxide and so will precipitate better in the bone structure. 3 There is ionic, covalent and metallic bonding in hydroxyapatite which gives it strength.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2006

2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. In forming ionic compounds, elements generally form an ion with the electronic structure of a noble gas. Which ion does not have a noble gas electronic structure? A I– B Rb+ C Sn2+ D Sr2+

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2007

4 When barium metal burns in oxygen, the ionic compound barium peroxide, BaO2, is formed. Which dot-and-cross diagram represents the electronic structure of the peroxide anion in BaO2? key A B C D electron from first oxygen atom electron from second oxygen atom electron from barium atom

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Answer: D

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2008

32 Which diagrams represent part of a giant molecular structure? 1 2 3 = C = C = Na = Cl

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Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2010

33 Which diagrams represent part of a giant molecular structure? 1 2 3 = C = C = Na = Cl

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Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2010

3 The table gives the radii, in pm, of some ions. [1 pm = 10–12 m] ion radii Na+ 102 Mg2+ 72 Cs+ 167 Cl – 181 O2– 140 Caesium chloride, CsCl, has a different lattice structure from both sodium chloride, NaCl, and magnesium oxide, MgO. CsCl lattice NaCl and MgO lattice Which factor appears to determine the type of lattice for these three compounds? A the charge on the cation B the ratio of the ionic charges C the ratio of the ionic radii D the sum of the ionic charges

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2010

32 Which are features of the structure of metallic copper? 1 a lattice of ions 2 delocalised electrons 3 ionic bonds

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Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2011

13 Three substances, R, S and T, have physical properties as shown. substance R S T mp / oC 801 2852 3550 bp / oC 1413 3600 4827 electrical conductivity of solid poor poor good What could be the identities of R, S and T ? R S T A MgO NaCl C [graphite] B MgO NaCl SiO2 C NaCl MgO C [graphite] D NaCl MgO SiO2

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2011

31 Which are features of the structure of metallic copper? 1 a lattice of ions 2 delocalised electrons 3 ionic bonds

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Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2011

13 Why is the ionic radius of a chloride ion larger than the ionic radius of a sodium ion? A A chloride ion has one more occupied electron shell than a sodium ion. B Chlorine has a higher proton number than sodium. C Ionic radius increases regularly across the third period. D Sodium is a metal, chlorine is a non-metal.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2012

13 Why is the ionic radius of a chloride ion larger than the ionic radius of a sodium ion? A A chloride ion has one more occupied electron shell than a sodium ion. B Chlorine has a higher proton number than sodium. C Ionic radius increases regularly across the third period. D Sodium is a metal, chlorine is a non-metal.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2012

12 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. Why is the ionic radius of a sulfide ion larger than the ionic radius of a potassium ion? A Ionic radius always decreases with increasing atomic number. B Positive ions have smaller radii than negative ions. C The potassium ion has more protons in its nucleus than the sulfide ion. D The sulfide ion is doubly charged; the potassium ion is singly charged.

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2012

6 Which pair of elements has chemical bonds of the same type between their atoms in the solid state? A aluminium and phosphorus B chlorine and argon C magnesium and silicon D sulfur and chlorine

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Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2013

35 Which types of bonding are present in ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3? 1 ionic 2 covalent 3 co-ordinate (dative covalent)

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2013

35 Which types of bonding are present in ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3? 1 ionic 2 covalent 3 co-ordinate (dative covalent)

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Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2013

8 Four substances have the physical properties shown. Which substance is an ionic solid? electrical electrical electrical melting point boiling point conductivity conductivity conductivity / °C / °C of molten of aqueous of solid substance solution A –115 –85 poor poor good B 660 2470 good good insoluble C 993 1695 poor good good D 1610 2230 poor poor insoluble

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2014

5 The table shows the physical properties of four substances. Which substance could be hydrogen chloride? electrical electrical electrical melting point conductivity conductivity conductivity / °C of aqueous of solid of liquid solution A –119 poor poor insoluble B –115 poor poor good C –50 poor poor poor D 993 poor good good

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2014

3 Three substances have the physical properties shown in the table. melting point boiling point conductivity conductivity conductivity substance / °C / °C (solid) (liquid) (aqueous) U 420 907 good good insoluble V 993 1695 poor good good W –70 58 poor poor hydrolyses, resulting solution conducts well What could be the identities of U, V and W? U V W A Na KCl SiCl 4 B Na NaF C2H5Br C Zn KCl HCl D Zn NaF SiCl 4

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This question in 9701/12 Oct/Nov 2015

12 Sodium and sulfur react together to form sodium sulfide, Na2S. How do the atomic radius and ionic radius of sodium compare with those of sulfur? atomic radius ionic radius A sodium < sulfur sodium > sulfur B sodium < sulfur sodium < sulfur C sodium > sulfur sodium > sulfur D sodium > sulfur sodium < sulfur

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2016

32 Three elements, X, Y and Z, have electronic configurations as shown. X Y Z 2,6 2,8,1 2,8,7 Which formulae represent compounds that conduct electricity in the liquid state? 1 YZ 2 Y2X 3 Z2X

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Answer: B

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2016

32 Which compounds contain covalent bonds? 1 aluminium chloride 2 ammonia 3 calcium fluoride

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Answer: B

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2017

4 In the sodium chloride lattice the number of chloride ions that surround each sodium ion is called the co-ordination number of the sodium ions. What are the co-ordination numbers of the sodium ions and the chloride ions in the sodium chloride lattice? sodium ions chloride ions A 4 6 B 6 4 C 6 6 D 8 6

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2017

6 Which solid contains more than one type of bonding? A iodine B silicon dioxide C sodium chloride D zinc

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Answer: A

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2018

12 Which description of the bonding and acid / base nature of aluminium oxide is correct? bonding acid / base nature A simple covalent amphoteric B giant covalent basic only C ionic amphoteric D ionic basic only

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2018

36 Which types of bonding are present in ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3? 1 ionic 2 covalent 3 co-ordinate (dative covalent)

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Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 Feb/March 2019

3 The first eight successive ionisation energies for two elements of Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown in the graphs. ionisation ionisation energy energy 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 electron removed electron removed What is the formula of the ionic compound formed from these elements? A MgCl 2 B CaBr2 C Na2S D K2Se

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Answer: A

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2019

5 The table shows some properties of four substances. Which substance could be potassium iodide? melting point electrical conductivity of solid / °C when molten A –66 poor B –39 good C 680 good D 1600 poor

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2019

18 Why is the ionic radius of a sulfide ion larger than the ionic radius of a potassium ion? A Ionic radius always decreases with increasing atomic number. B Positive ions always have smaller radii than negative ions. C The potassium ion has more protons in its nucleus than the sulfide ion. D The sulfide ion is doubly charged; the potassium ion is singly charged.

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/12 May/June 2022

17 The electrical conductivities of two compounds, Y and Z, are shown. for Y for Z conductivity of the compound good does not in the liquid state conduct conductivity of the mixture obtained good good by adding the compound to water What are compounds Y and Z? Y Z A Al 2O3 SiCl 4 B NaCl Al 2O3 C NaCl SiCl 4 D SiCl 4 Al 2O3

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/11 Oct/Nov 2022

17 The electrical conductivities of two compounds, Y and Z, are shown. for Y for Z conductivity of the compound good does not in the liquid state conduct conductivity of the mixture obtained good good by adding the compound to water What are compounds Y and Z? Y Z A Al 2O3 SiCl 4 B NaCl Al 2O3 C NaCl SiCl 4 D SiCl 4 Al 2O3

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 Oct/Nov 2022

8 The table shows physical properties of four substances, W, X, Y and Z. electrical electrical electrical melting boiling conductivity conductivity conductivity point / C point / C of solid of liquid in water W 993 1695 poor good good X –119 39 poor poor insoluble Y 1535 2750 good good insoluble Z 1610 2230 poor poor insoluble What are the identities of W, X, Y and Z? W X Y Z A MgO C2H5Br Fe Al 2O3 B MgO HCl K Al 2O3 C NaF C2H5Br Fe SiO2 D NaF HCl K SiO2

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Answer: C

This question in 9701/13 May/June 2024

8 Which diagram represents the lattice structure of sodium chloride? Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl A + – + – + – + – + – + – + – + – B – + + – + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + – + – + – + – + – + – + C D key Cl Na – + = chlorine atom = sodium atom = chloride ion = sodium ion – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

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Answer: B

This question in 9701/11 May/June 2025

12 Which solid compound has both ionic and covalent bonding but not coordinate bonding? A Al 2Cl 6 B CH3COONa C MgCl 2 D NH4Cl

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Answer: B

This question in 9701/14 May/June 2025

20 Compound L has empirical formula NH. It decomposes on gentle heating to produce ammonia and compound M only. An aqueous solution of compound L is a good conductor of electricity. Which row could be correct? species present identity of M in L(aq) A N2H4 N3– and H+ B N2H4 NH4 + and NH2 – C HN3 NH3 and HN3 D HN3 NH4 + and N3 –

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 9701/14 May/June 2025