Stars and the Universe — Paper 2 · IGCSE Physics 0625

9 Energy is released in some nuclear reactions. Which nuclear reaction takes place in a nuclear power station, and which nuclear reaction takes place in the Sun? nuclear power the Sun station A fission fission B fission fusion C fusion fission D fusion fusion

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2016

38 A type of nuclear reaction takes place in stars. Which row describes this type of reaction? nuclear reaction nuclei formed energy transfer A fission larger than original nuclei released B fission smaller than original nuclei absorbed C fusion larger than original nuclei released D fusion smaller than original nuclei absorbed

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/22 May/June 2017

38 Nuclear fusion is a reaction that takes place in stars. Which row describes this reaction? action of atomic nuclei energy A an atomic nucleus splits into absorbed two or more smaller nuclei B an atomic nucleus splits into released two or more smaller nuclei C atomic nuclei join together absorbed to form a larger nucleus D atomic nuclei join together released to form a larger nucleus

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2018

38 What is nuclear fission? A the merging of two nuclei to create a heavier nucleus B the process by which electrons are removed from an atom C the process by which stars generate energy D the splitting of a nucleus to create two smaller nuclei

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/23 May/June 2019

39 The energy generated in stable stars comes from nuclear reactions. Which type of reaction occurs in the Sun? A Helium nuclei break up to give hydrogen nuclei. B Helium nuclei join together to form hydrogen nuclei. C Hydrogen nuclei break up to give helium nuclei. D Hydrogen nuclei join together to form helium nuclei.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/22 Feb/March 2023

40 Two quantities define the Hubble constant H0. ● the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from the Earth v ● the distance of the galaxy from the Earth d What is the relationship between v and d and what is the current estimate for H0? relationship current estimate for H0 A v is proportional to d 2.2 × 10–18 s–1 1 B v is proportional to 2.2 × 10–18 s–1 d C v is proportional to d 3.0 × 108 m / s 1 D v is proportional to 3.0 × 108 m / s d

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/22 Feb/March 2023

39 Which nuclear reaction powers a stable star? A nuclear fission of nuclei producing hydrogen B nuclear fission of a uranium nucleus into a krypton nucleus and a barium nucleus C nuclear fusion of a krypton nucleus and a barium nucleus into a uranium nucleus D nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei producing helium

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2023

40 Which stages in the life cycle of a star are listed in the order that they occur? A interstellar dust cloud  stable star  protostar B protostar  red giant  stable star C red giant  white dwarf  protostar D stable star  red giant  white dwarf

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2023

39 Which nuclear reaction produces the release of energy to power a star? A nuclear fission of helium into hydrogen B nuclear fission of hydrogen into helium C nuclear fusion of helium into hydrogen D nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/22 May/June 2023

40 What is the definition of the Hubble constant? A the ratio of the speed at which a galaxy is receding from the Earth to its distance from the Earth B the value of the change in wavelength of the galaxy’s starlight due to redshift C the constant used to represent the rate of expansion of the Universe in all directions D the estimated constant equal to the age of the Universe

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/22 May/June 2023

39 Which row describes the power source for a stable star? type of fuel nuclear reaction A fission hydrogen B fission uranium C fusion hydrogen D fusion uranium

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/23 May/June 2023

40 Which quantity can be determined using the brightness of a supernova in a distant galaxy? A the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from the Earth B the distance of the galaxy from the Earth C the Hubble constant D the age of the Universe

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/23 May/June 2023

39 Which statement about the Sun is correct? A The Sun is a dwarf star consisting mostly of hydrogen and oxygen. B The Sun is a giant star consisting mostly of helium and carbon dioxide. C The Sun is a medium-sized star consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium. D The Sun is a medium-sized star consisting mostly of nitrogen and oxygen.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/21 Oct/Nov 2023

40 The table lists some information about some stars. Which star will eventually explode as a supernova? name of star type of star temperature / C A Aldebaran red giant 3 700 B Betelgeuse red supergiant 3 300 C Geminga neutron star 520 000 D Sirius B white dwarf 25 000

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/21 Oct/Nov 2023

39 The Sun transfers energy to the Earth through electromagnetic radiation. What are two of the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum to which most of the energy belongs? A gamma rays and X-rays B infrared radiation and visible light C microwaves and visible light D radio waves and microwaves

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/22 Oct/Nov 2023

40 How does the Sun produce its energy? A by the fission of helium B by the fission of hydrogen C by the fusion of helium D by the fusion of hydrogen

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/22 Oct/Nov 2023

39 The nearest star to the Sun is about four light-years away from the Earth. A student makes three statements about the star. 1 Light from the star takes about four years to reach the Earth. 2 Light from the Sun takes about four years to travel to the star and back to the Earth. 3 The star is outside our galaxy. Which statements are correct? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/23 Oct/Nov 2023

39 Nuclear reactions in the Sun release large quantities of energy. Which statement about this process is correct? A It involves the fission of helium to produce hydrogen. B It involves the fission of hydrogen to produce helium. C It involves the fusion of helium to produce hydrogen. D It involves the fusion of hydrogen to produce helium.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/22 Feb/March 2024

38 What is the main process that powers the Sun? A burning of helium and oxygen B burning of hydrogen and oxygen C nuclear fusion of hydrogen to form helium D nuclear fission of helium to form hydrogen

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Answer: C

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2024

39 A galaxy is 3.0  1020 km from the Earth. At which speed is the galaxy moving away from the Earth? A 660 km / s B 6600 km / s C 660 m / s D 6600 m / s

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2024

40 An astronomer observes a distant galaxy. The table shows how the distance and the speed of recession of the galaxy are determined. Which row is correct? distance speed of recession A brightness of a change in wavelength of supernova in the galaxy starlight from the galaxy B brightness of a brightness of supernova in the galaxy the galaxy C brightness of change in wavelength of the galaxy starlight from the galaxy D brightness of brightness of the galaxy a supernova

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2024

39 Which statement about the life cycle of a star is correct? A All stars eventually run out of hydrogen as fuel. B A red giant forms a planetary nebula with a supernova at its centre. C A white dwarf star eventually forms a black hole. D Most stars expand and form protostars.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/22 May/June 2024

40 A galaxy at a distance of 3.1  1021 km is moving away from the Earth with a speed of 7000 km / s. What is the Hubble constant H0 calculated using this data and what is the speed of a galaxy at a distance of 6.2  1021 km from the Earth? speed of galaxy H0 / s–1 km / s A 2.3  10–18 3 500 B 2.3  10–18 14 000 C 4.4  1017 3 500 D 4.4  1017 14 000

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/22 May/June 2024

39 In which order are the objects listed formed during the life cycle of a star? A protostar  red giant  supernova  stable star B protostar  stable star  red giant  supernova C red giant  stable star  protostar  supernova D red giant  supernova  protostar  stable star

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/23 May/June 2024

40 What is the distance travelled by light in one year? A 5.9  1015 m B 5.9  1015 km C 9.5  1015 m D 9.5  1015 km

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/23 May/June 2024

39 Which statement about the Sun is correct? A The nuclear reactions in the Sun create mainly radio waves and microwaves. B The Sun is powered by fission reactions in which hydrogen is converted into helium. C The Sun is powered by fission reactions in which lithium is converted into helium. D The Sun is powered by fusion reactions and electromagnetic radiation is produced.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/21 Oct/Nov 2024

40 To determine the value of the Hubble constant, an astronomer measures the distance of a galaxy from the Earth as 2.5  1021 km. She also measures the speed of recession of the galaxy from the Earth as 5.2  103 km / s. From these data, what is the value of the Hubble constant? A 7.7  10–26 s–1 B 2.1  10–18 s–1 C 4.8  1017 s–1 D 1.3  1025 s–1

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/21 Oct/Nov 2024

38 What happens when a protostar becomes a stable star? A Most of the hydrogen is converted to helium and the protostar expands. B The inward force due to gravity is balanced by an outward force due to the high temperature. C The protostar collapses due to gravity and the temperature increases. D The protostar runs out of hydrogen as fuel for the nuclear reaction.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/22 Oct/Nov 2024

40 Which quantity is an estimate of the age of the Universe? d  H0 1 v  H0 A H0 B C D H 0

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/22 Oct/Nov 2024

39 Which reaction produces the energy that powers the Sun? A fission of hydrogen B fission of uranium C fusion of hydrogen D fusion of uranium

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/23 Oct/Nov 2024

40 The diameter of the Milky Way is approximately 100 000 light years. What is this distance in metres? A 9.5  109 m B 9.5  1015 m C 9.5  1017 m D 9.5  1020 m

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/23 Oct/Nov 2024

40 A student plots a graph of the speed of different galaxies moving away from the Earth against their distance from the Earth. 25 000 000 speed 20 000 000 m / s 15 000 000 10 000 000 5 000 000 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 distance / 1025 m Using the best straight line shown on the graph, what is the value of the Hubble constant H0? A 2.0  10–18 s–1 B 2.2  10–18 s–1 C 4.5  1017 s D 5.0  1017 s

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/22 Feb/March 2025

39 Which statement about the Universe is correct? A The Universe consists of 100 000 galaxies. B Redshift is a decrease in the observed wavelength of electromagnetic radiation emitted from receding galaxies. C Light emitted from distant galaxies appears redshifted. D Redshift of the light from distant galaxies gives evidence that the Universe is contracting.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2025

40 Which statement about the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) is correct? A CMBR now has a frequency higher than that of infrared radiation. B CMBR has always had exactly the same frequency. C CMBR had a shorter wavelength in the past. D CMBR was produced a long time after the Universe was formed.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/21 May/June 2025

39 Stars are powered by nuclear reactions that release energy. Which statement describes the nuclear reaction in stable stars? A Nuclear fission converts helium into hydrogen. B Nuclear fission converts hydrogen into helium. C Nuclear fusion converts helium into hydrogen. D Nuclear fusion converts hydrogen into helium.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/22 May/June 2025

40 A galaxy is moving away from the Earth at a velocity of 3000 km / s. What is the distance between the Earth and the galaxy? A 7.3  10–25 m B 7.3  10–22 m C 1.4  1021 m D 1.4  1024 m

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0625/22 May/June 2025

39 A distant galaxy is moving away from the Milky Way at 4 400 000 m / s. What is the approximate distance between the Milky Way and this distant galaxy? A 2  1012 m B 5  1011 m C 2  1024 m D 5  1023 m

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/23 May/June 2025

40 A galaxy is at a distance of 60 million light-years from the Earth. The galaxy is moving away at a speed of 1300km/s. One light-year is about 9.5 x 10'*km. There are about 3.2 x 10’ seconds in one year. Which expression can be used to estimate the age of the Universe in years? 60 x 10® x 3.2 x 10” 1300 x 9.5 x 10" 60 x 10° x 9.5 x 10" B 1300 x 3.2 x 10’ C 1300 x 9.5 x 10" 60 x 10® x 3.2 x 10” D 1300 x 3.2 x 10’ 60 x 10° x 9.5 x 10"

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/21 Oct/Nov 2025

39 The galaxy Draco II is a distance of 6.6  1020 m from Earth. What is this distance in light-years? A 1.4  104 light-years B 6.9  104 light-years C 1.4  106 light-years D 6.9  106 light-years

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0625/22 Oct/Nov 2025

40 What is a possible result of a supernova explosion? A a neutron star B a red giant star C a red supergiant star D a white dwarf star

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/22 Oct/Nov 2025

17 Star X has a larger diameter than star Y but they both emit radiation with the same power. Which statement is correct? A The surface temperature of X is less than the surface temperature of Y. B The surface temperatures of X and Y are the same. C The surface temperature of X is greater than the surface temperature of Y. D The surface areas of X and Y are the same.

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/23 Oct/Nov 2025

39 The table lists data about four different stars. Which star is the Sun? regions of electromagnetic main elements in the star spectrum where most energy is radiated by the star A helium, hydrogen, carbon, blue, ultraviolet, X-ray nitrogen, oxygen B helium, hydrogen, carbon, red, infrared nitrogen, magnesium C helium, hydrogen infrared, ultraviolet, visible D helium, hydrogen red, infrared

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0625/23 Oct/Nov 2025

40 What can be formed directly following a supernova? A a nebula and a neutron star B a nebula and a white dwarf C a red supergiant and a neutron star D a red supergiant and a protostar

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0625/23 Oct/Nov 2025