Genetic modification — Paper 2 · IGCSE Biology (9-1) 0970

37 The diagram shows the structure of a bacterial cell. DNA X The presence of structure X in the bacterial cell is one reason why bacteria are used in genetic engineering. What is structure X? A endoplasmic reticulum B mitochondria C plasmid D ribosome

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2018

38 Genetic engineering involves various stages. 1 human DNA is inserted into bacterial plasmid DNA 2 recombinant plasmid inserted into bacteria 3 restriction enzyme cuts bacterial plasmid DNA 4 restriction enzyme cuts human DNA What is the correct sequence for genetic engineering? A 1 → 2 → 4 → 3 B 2 → 3 → 4 → 1 C 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 D 4 → 3 → 1 → 2

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0970/22 Oct/Nov 2018

38 The diagram shows a bacterial cell. Which part of its structure is particularly useful in genetic engineering? B C A D

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2019

38 All organisms share the same genetic code. This means that bacteria can be used to A improve the health of the digestive system. B manufacture biofuels in large quantities. C produce foods such as yoghurt and cheese. D make proteins using human DNA.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0970/22 May/June 2019

37 Which structures found in bacteria make bacteria useful in genetic engineering? A cell walls B membranes C nuclei D plasmids

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0970/22 Oct/Nov 2019

38 A crop plant has been genetically modified to make it resistant to herbicides. Which is a possible disadvantage of introducing this new crop plant? A Loss of weeds reduces competition. B Some weeds might become resistant to the herbicide. C The crop plant is unharmed and produces a higher yield. D The new gene will appear in new generations of the crop.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2020

38 A crop plant has been genetically modified to make it resistant to herbicides. Which is a possible disadvantage of introducing this new crop plant? A Loss of weeds reduces competition. B Some weeds might become resistant to the herbicide. C The crop plant is unharmed and produces a higher yield. D The new gene will appear in new generations of the crop.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0970/22 May/June 2020

38 The stages describe how genetic engineering can be used to produce human insulin from bacteria. 1 cut bacterial plasmid DNA with restriction enzymes 2 extract gene for insulin from human DNA with restriction enzymes 3 insert recombinant plasmid into bacteria 4 join human DNA to bacterial plasmid DNA using DNA ligase 5 replicate bacteria containing recombinant plasmid Which sequence will lead to the production of human insulin by bacteria? A 2  1  4  3  5 B 2  5  1  3  4 C 4  2  3  1  5 D 4  3  5  1  2

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0970/22 Oct/Nov 2020

39 Why are bacteria useful in genetic engineering? A Their genetic code is different to other organisms. B They have cell walls. C They have plasmids. D They reproduce sexually.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2021

39 Bacteria can be used to make human proteins. Which statement explains why this is possible when a human gene is placed in a bacterial cell? A Bacteria are able to reproduce rapidly. B Bacteria are very small organisms. C Bacteria contain genetic material in plasmids. D Bacteria have the same genetic code as humans.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0970/22 May/June 2021

37 What is a characteristic of bacteria that makes them useful in genetic engineering? A The genetic code of bacteria is different to plants and animals. B Their nucleus contains DNA. C Plasmids can be transferred between cells. D They have large numbers of mitochondria.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0970/22 Oct/Nov 2021

38 Which process makes use of a genetically engineered organism? A using bacteria to produce insulin B using enzymes in biological washing powders C using pectinase in fruit juice production D using yeast to produce ethanol

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2022

38 Which process makes use of a genetically engineered organism? A using bacteria to produce insulin B using enzymes in biological washing powders C using pectinase in fruit juice production D using yeast to produce ethanol

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0970/22 May/June 2022

38 The list shows some of the steps in the production of human insulin by genetic engineering. 1 The human insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid using DNA ligase. 2 A recombinant plasmid is inserted into a bacterium. 3 The bacterium containing the recombinant plasmid replicates. 4 The insulin gene is removed from human DNA using a restriction enzyme. What is the correct sequence of these steps? A 1 → 2 → 4 → 3 B 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 C 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 D 4 → 1 → 2 → 3

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0970/22 Oct/Nov 2022

39 The diagram shows a bacterial cell. Which part is useful in genetic modification? B C A D

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2023

40 Which statement about genetic modification is correct? A It involves choosing which individual organisms are used for breeding. B It is always done using genes from the same species. C It produces a new combination of genes. D It produces exact copies of individual organisms.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2023

39 The diagram shows a bacterial cell containing a plasmid. plasmid What is inserted into the plasmid if this cell is to be used for the production of insulin? A a length of DNA from a human B a length of DNA from another bacterium C a molecule of insulin D an enzyme

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0970/22 May/June 2023

40 The diagram shows how a human gene can be inserted into a bacterium. human cell bacterium 1 2 gene removed from a a bacterial plasmid human chromosome is removed and cut 3 a human gene is inserted into the plasmid 4 Which row shows the correct processes at 1, 2, 3 and 4? using using ligase multiplication restriction enzymes of bacteria enzymes A 1 2 3 B 1 and 2 3 4 C 1 and 3 2 4 D 4 1 and 2 3

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0970/22 Oct/Nov 2023

2 Which types of organisms are used in genetic modification because they have plasmids? A arachnids B bacteria C myriapods D ferns

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2024

7 The diagram shows the sticky end of the DNA of a plasmid that has been cut by a restriction enzyme. The unpaired bases are labelled. C A G T G What is the correct sequence of the missing bases? A CAGTG B GTGAC C GTCAC D CACTG

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2024

40 What is an example of the use of genetic modification in agriculture? A choosing cattle to breed so that alleles for high milk yield will be passed on to their offspring B increasing food production by using insecticides to improve quality and yield C inserting genes into crop plants to improve the nutritional qualities of the plant D selecting crop plants with desirable characteristics and crossing these to produce the next generation

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2024

39 The diagram shows a bacterial cell that is used in genetic modification. Which labelled structure makes the bacterium useful for genetic modification? A B D C

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0970/22 Oct/Nov 2024

33 Which row correctly describes a type of selection? type of humans example selection involved A artificial no production of farmed animals that produce lots of milk B artificial yes production of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics C natural yes production of insulin through genetic modification of bacteria D natural no production of wild animals with long necks to reach tree leaves as a food source

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2025

40 Some of the processes involved in the production of insulin by genetic modification are listed. 1 cutting of bacterial plasmid DNA with restriction enzymes 2 expression in bacteria of the human gene to make insulin 3 insertion of recombinant plasmids into bacteria 4 multiplication of bacteria containing recombinant plasmids In which order do these processes occur? A 1  3  4  2 B 2  1  3  4 C 3  1  2  4 D 4  1  3  2

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0970/21 May/June 2025

40 The diagram shows a bacterium. Which structure is cut to form sticky ends during genetic modification? A B D C

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0970/22 Oct/Nov 2025