Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2015 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 3

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (LK/SW) 95972/6 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 1 3 9 1 6 0 3 2 7 7 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/23 Paper 2 May/June 2015 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 2. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

2 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 1 Study the map extract, which is for Rosenfels , Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north west part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. D B E A C 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 39 96 95 97 98 99 00 96 95 97 98 99 00 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) the height of the land shown by feature A; …[1] (ii) feature B; …[1] (iii) feature C; …[1] (iv) the human feature D; …[1] (v) the natural feature at the surface of the small hill E. …[1]

3 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (b) Describe the relief feature named Kezi in the area shown on Fig. 2. 48 49 50 51 48 49 50 51 91 92 93 91 92 93 Fig. 2 … … … … … …[3] (c) Study the two named rivers in the centre of the area, the Mwewe and the Babuli. The table below compares features of the two rivers. Complete the table by putting ticks (✓) in the correct four boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Mwewe Babuli Both of these rivers Neither of these rivers Example – meander ✓ rapids islands many tributaries fl ows from south east to north west [4]

4 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 (d) (i) State one piece of map evidence that suggests that farming is an important activity in the south and west of the area in the map extract. … …[1] (ii) Fig. 3 shows two areas, A and B, in the south of the map extract. 41 42 43 44 41 42 43 A R E A A A R E A B 44 45 45 46 46 94 95 93 93 94 95 Fig. 3 Study these areas and compare them under the headings in the table below. Area A Area B services present ………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………… …………………………………. settlement pattern ………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………… [3] (e) (i) Give the six figure grid reference of the spot height 1032 by the side of the tarred road in the south east of the map extract. …[1]

5 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (ii) Measure the distance in metres along the tarred road from the spot height 1032 to the bridge over the Babuli river to the north. Circle the answer below which is nearest to your measurement. 1300 m 1600 m 1900 m 2200 m [1] (iii) Calculate the gradient along the road between the spot height 1032 and the spot height 1044 that is 850 metres to the north of it. … … …[1] (iv) State the compass bearing along the cadastral boundary from the spot height 1032 to the eastern edge of the map. … degrees [1] [Total: 20 marks]

6 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 2 Photographs A, B and C (Insert) show some features of Salt Lake City in the USA. (a) Photograph A was taken in the Central Business District (CBD). Give two pieces of evidence for this. 1 … … 2 … …[2] (b) Using Photographs A, B and C, describe ways in which the city planners have tried to reduce traffic congestion and increase road safety in Salt Lake City. … … … … … … … …[4] (c) Describe the relief of the site of Salt Lake City and the relief of the land around it, as shown on Photographs A, B and C. site … … land around … … [2] [Total: 8 marks]

7 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over 3 Fig. 4 shows earthquakes with magnitude (strength) of 5.0 and above on the Richter Scale that occurred in one week in April 2013. Eurasian Plate Nazca Plate African Plate North American Plate South American Plate Pacific Plate Indo- Australian Plate Antarctic Plate Key plate boundary direction of plate movement earthquake (magnitude 5.0 and above on the Richter Scale) X Fig. 4 (a) Name the type of plate boundary at X. … [1] (b) With reference to plate boundaries, describe the distribution of the earthquakes shown on Fig. 4. … … … … … …[3]

8 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 (c) Fig. 5 shows an area of the South Pacific Ocean, together with information about the deepest earthquake and shallowest earthquake that occurred in the week in April 2013. Fig. 6 is a section through the Earth’s crust on which the positions of earthquakes during the week have been plotted. Kerma dec O c ean Trench Pacific Plate Indo- Australian Plate South Pacific Ocean N New Zealand 0 200 depth 349 km depth 10 km 6.2 depth 349 km 6.2 5.5 km plate boundary / Kermadec Ocean Trench Key direction of plate movement earthquake location, depth of focus EHORZWKHVXUIDFHRIWKH(DUWK·VFUXVW NP and magnitude on the Richter Scale Fig. 5 400 0 50 100 150 distance from the deepest earthquake (km) VXUIDFHRI(DUWK·VFUXVW Key earthquake focus GHSWKEHORZVXUIDFHRI(DUWK·VFUXVW NP 200 250 300 300 200 100 350 250 150 0 Fig. 6

9 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (i) The shallowest earthquake in the week occurred at a depth of 10 km and was 290 km away from the deepest earthquake. Use this information to plot the position of the shallowest earthquake on Fig. 6. [1] (ii) Look at Fig. 6. What is the relationship between the depth of the earthquakes and the distance from the line of the Kermadec Trench? … …[1] (iii) Use the information on Figs 5 and 6 to name the type of plate boundary shown on Fig. 5. …[1] (iv) Name a process that is occurring along this plate boundary to cause earthquakes at such different depths. …[1] [Total: 8 marks]

10 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 4 (a) Fig. 7 shows information about the weather for one day in April 2014 at a place in Sri Lanka. 0.00 0 0.5 rainfall (mm) relative humidity (%) temperature (°C) rainfall (mm) relative humidity (%) temperature (°C) 60 70 80 90 20 25 30 35 0 0.5 60 70 80 90 20 25 30 35 04.00 08.00 12.00 hour sunrise 16.00 20.00 24.00 sunset Fig. 7 (i) Use the information in Table 1 to complete the temperature measurement on Fig. 7. Table 1 Hour Temperature (°C) 8.00 30 9.00 30.5 [1] (ii) Draw a bar on Fig. 7 to show that 0.5 mm of rain fell between 12.00 and 13.00 hours. [1]

11 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (iii) Use the information in Fig. 7 to complete the table below in the spaces provided. Value Hour(s) lowest temperature 26°C 24.00 highest temperature … °C … daily temperature range … °C lowest humidity 60% between 11.00 and 12.00 highest humidity … % … [3] (iv) Explain the temperature variations shown on Fig. 7. … …[1] (v) Use the data in Fig. 7 to complete the following sentence: As temperature rises, the relative humidity …[1] (b) Which of the data on Fig. 7 was obtained using an instrument located outside the Stevenson Screen? …[1] [Total: 8 marks]

12 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 5 Study Table 2, which gives information about Ivory Coast, a country in tropical Africa. Table 2 Region Rainfall Soils Main agriculture northern half of the country heavy but unreliable from June to October dry from November to May and droughts occur light and loose nomadic pastoralism southern half of the country rain in all months good quality clay mainly arable (a) (i) Three slopes in the southern half of the country with different land uses were found to have different rates of soil erosion. The land uses on the three slopes were: bare soil cultivation pasture In the spaces provided in the table below, write the land use most likely to result in the rate of erosion shown. Rate of soil erosion (tonnes per year per hectare) Land use 90 ………………………………………………………………………….. 100 ………………………………………………………………………… 140 ……………………………………………………………………….. [2] (ii) Explain how trees help to prevent soil erosion. … … … …[3]

13 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (b) Use the information in Table 2 to explain why soil erosion is likely to be a serious problem in the northern half of the country. … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks]

14 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 6 Fig. 8 shows the numbers employed in the shipbuilding industry of Brazil between 2000 and 2011. 0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 10 000 0 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 number of workers employed in shipbuilding in Brazil number of workers employed in shipbuilding in Brazil 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Fig. 8 (a) (i) State the number of workers employed in the shipbuilding industry of Brazil in 2007. …[1] (ii) Using Fig. 8, describe the changes in the numbers employed in shipbuilding in Brazil from 2000 to 2011. Do not give a year by year account. … … … … … … … …[4]

15 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 (b) Suggest one problem that the Brazilian shipbuilding industry would have faced because of the changes between 2000 and 2011. … …[1] (c) Suggest two reasons for the changes in the Brazilian shipbuilding industry between 2000 and 2011. … … … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

16 0460/23/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2015 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/23 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2015 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 1 (a) (i) 1080 metres, [1] (ii) building(s), [1] (iii) dam, [1] (iv) national monument/place of historical interest/ruin(s) [1] (v) smooth rock [1] If more than one feature given and one is wrong = 0 (b) hill/high/mountain, ridge/long and narrow, (ridge) 2 – 3 km long, steep (sides), north-west to south-east, 1194/5 metres (Allow also 1184/5 m), separate lower summit/two summits, saddle/col, gentle slopes qualified (e.g. lower slopes, in SW, in NE), valley, [3] (c) Mwewe Babuli Both these rivers Neither of these rivers rapids
islands
many tributaries
flows from south east to north west
More than one tick per row = 0 but, for rapids and tributaries, allow three ticks in columns 1, 2 and 3 or two ticks in columns 1 and 2. [4] (d) (i) cultivation, dip tank, dams for irrigation/drinking water, [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 (ii) Area A Area B services present school and sports field, no services/none/dash/blank, = 1 (full row needed) settlement pattern dispersed/scattered, = 1 linear/in a line, = 1 [3] (e) (i) 523909, [1] (ii) 1900, [1] (iii) 1 in 70/1 in 71/1.41%/1.4%, [1] (iv) 104 to 106, [1] 2 (a) high density of buildings, tall buildings, Allow taller bank, high traffic density/busy road, dome/important building/government building, [2] (b) car parks/park and ride, wide roads/dual carriageways/big road/highway, lanes, grid pattern, dedicated lane for turning/arrows on road, robots/traffic lights, 20 mph hour zone/speed limit, street lighting, pedestrian crossings (at junction), pavement/sidewalk/footpath, safety signs/temporary signs, one way, [4] (c) site – flat/gently sloping, Allow low and lower. land around – high(er)/steep(er)/mountains/hills, [2]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 3 (a) constructive/divergent, [1] (b) General Points on/near plate margins/plate boundaries, mainly/all on destructive boundaries/mainly in subduction zones/none on constructive boundaries, Don’t allow conservative boundaries to spoil. Points regarding Pacific Plate (western) edge of Pacific Plate/Pacific Ring of Fire, boundary of PP with Eurasian Plate/east boundary of Eurasian Plate, boundary of PP with Indo-Australian Plate/north/north east boundary of Indo-Australian Plate, Other specific points one away from the plate boundary (in China/SE Asia), few/three on boundary between Eurasian and Indo-Australian Plate/south boundary of Eurasian Plate/ north boundary of Indo-Australian Plate, one at boundary between South American Plate and Nazca Plate/north boundary of Nazca Plate/east boundary of Nazca Plate/west boundary of South American Plate, [3] (c) (i) plot at 10 km depth and 290 km distance, [1] (ii) the further from the trench the deeper the earthquake/the nearer to the trench the shallower the earthquake, Allow positive or negative relationship [1] (iii) destructive/convergent, [1] (iv) subduction/faulting, [1] 4 (a) (i) 0800 30 °C and 0900 30.5 °C correct plots joined by a line, [1] (ii) rainfall bar at 0.5mm for hour 12 in correct position, [1] (iii) 32(°C) at 1100/1200, 6(°C), 86(%) at 2400, [3] (iv) controlled by amount of sunshine, highest in daylight, lowest in darkness, higher when sun higher in the sky, Not just day and night. [1] (v) decreases/falls, [1] (b) rainfall, [1]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 5 (a) (i) pasture – cultivation – bare soil = 2, bare soil – cultivation – pasture = 0, all other combinations = 1 [2] (ii) prevent rain splash impact, intercept rain/reduces amount reaching the soil, cause evaporation/transpiration loss, hold the soil in place, remove water from the soil, provide organic matter/humus to improve the soil structure/keep the particles together, slow wind speed/block wind, slow runoff [3] (b) drought/unreliable rain so vegetation cover dies/soils bare/soil loose, loose soil easily moved/prone to erosion, heavy rain causes run-off/flooding, animals remove vegetation/overgrazing, animal trampling, No credit for information given in Table 2 – it must be used [3] 6 (a) (i) 39 000, [1] (ii) large/rapid increase (overall), by 54 000 – 54 500/from 2000 to 56 000 – 56 500, slow/steady increase at first/to 2006, large(st)/most rapid from 2006–7, 19 000/20 000 or between/almost doubled, large/rapid increase from 2009 to 2010, growth slowed/very small/levelled off 2010–11, [4] (b) finding (skilled) labour/large numbers of unskilled labour, finding accommodation for workers, finding suitable sites for, building facilities, [1] (c) high/increased demand for ships, high/increased overseas trade, larger ships, high/increased demand for bulk carriers, high/increased demand for cruise ships, high/increased demand for container vessels, government policy (to develop the industry), government financial incentives/loans/tax breaks, multinational companies set up shipyards, [2]