Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2015 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (CW/SW) 95999/6 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 5 0 4 4 9 8 4 4 1 3 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/22 Paper 2 May/June 2015 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photographs A and B for Question 3. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

2 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 1 Study the map extract for Barwick Estate, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north east part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 55 78 79 80 81 78 79 80 81 56 57 58 59 60 61 R D C E B A Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) the type of road at A; …[1] (ii) feature B; …[1] (iii) feature C; …[1] (iv) the height of the land at D; …[1] (v) feature E. …[1]

3 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (b) Fig. 2A shows an area at Barwick in the north west of the map extract and Fig. 2B shows an area at Jackals Loop in the south east of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. 48 79 80 81 79 80 81 49 50 48 49 50 59 64 65 66 64 65 66 60 61 59 60 61 BARWICK JACKALS LOOP Fig. 2A Fig. 2B The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Area in Fig. 2A (Barwick) Area in Fig. 2B (Jackals Loop) Both of these areas Neither of these areas Example: rivers ✓ flat land steep land land over 1500 m bush tarred road [5]

4 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 (c) Study Fig. 3, which shows an area drained by the Mukwadzi River in the west of the map. 48 49 50 51 52 48 70 71 72 70 71 72 49 50 51 52 M u k w a d z i Fig. 3 (i) Describe the Mukwadzi River in the area shown on Fig. 3. … … … … … … … …[4] (ii) Describe the width of the river’s flood plain in the area shown on Fig. 3. …[1]

5 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (d) Look at the bridge over the Mukwadzi River (490701) shown on Fig. 3. A person travels from this bridge along the road to another bridge over the small river at Umvukwes View (508675). (i) Measure the distance that the person travels. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) In which compass direction does the person travel? … [1] (iii) Measure the bearing from the bridge over the Mukwadzi River to the other bridge. … degrees [1] (e) Find the trigonometrical station at Gase hill in the east of the map extract. Give the six figure grid reference of the trigonometrical station. … [2] [Total: 20 marks]

6 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 2 Table 1 gives information about the settlement hierarchy in a rural area. Table 1 Settlement Population Number convenience stores comparison stores primary schools secondary schools A 9800 19 4 6 1 B 8100 13 6 5 1 C 5000 11 3 5 0 D 3800 6 4 2 0 E 2900 4 1 1 0 F 1800 6 3 2 0 G 1400 4 0 1 0 H 600 2 0 0 0 I 500 3 0 0 0 J 200 1 0 0 0 (a) (i) What is meant by the term settlement hierarchy ? … …[1] (ii) Why is settlement A highest in the hierarchy? … …[1] (iii) What is unusual about the position of settlement F in the hierarchy? … …[1] (b) (i) Using information from Table 1 only, which one of the four services is the highest order service? …[1] (ii) Using information from Table 1, what is the minimum population needed for a settlement to have a primary school? …[1]

7 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (c) (i) Using information from Table 1, plot the position of settlement C on Fig. 4 below. [1] 0 0 5 10 15 20 1 2 3 4 5 population (thousands) number of convenience stores 6 7 8 9 10 A B D E F G H I J Fig. 4 (ii) Describe the relationship between population and the number of convenience stores shown on Fig. 4. … …[1] (d) Using information from Table 1 and Fig. 4, how does the number of low order settlements differ from the number of higher order settlements? … …[1] [Total: 8 marks]

8 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 3 Photographs A and B (Insert) show the Ishim River at Astana in Kazakhstan at different times of the year. (a) Using information from the photographs only, suggest how the flow of the river will vary in winter and summer. Winter … … Summer … …[2] (b) Describe the features of the river and its channel shown in Photograph A. … … … … … … … …[3]

9 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (c) Photograph A shows that the right bank of the river has been built with stone or brick. Using Photograph A and your own knowledge, suggest why this has been done. … … … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks]

10 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 4 Study Figs 5 and 6, which give information about tropical storms. Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn track of tropical storm Key Fig. 5 20 15 10 5 0 rainfall (mm) per hour 35 30 25 20 970 975 980 985 990 995 1000 temperature (°C) pressure (mb) eye NW SE wind direction pressure temperature rainfall rainfall time time eye Fig. 6

11 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (a) Using Fig. 5, describe the general movement of tropical storms. … … … … … …[3] (b) As a tropical storm passes, there is a time in the middle of the storm called the eye. Use Fig. 6 to describe how the following weather elements change as the eye of the storm passes. Rainfall … … … Wind direction … … … Pressure … … … Temperature … … …[5] [Total: 8 marks]

12 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 5 Fig. 7 shows the location of some of the main urban areas in the United Kingdom, and Figs 8 and 9 show the levels of the air pollutants nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. 0 100 km N Main urban areas Newcastle Teesside South Coast Edinburgh Glasgow Belfast Liverpool Leeds Manchester Birmingham London Bristol Cardiff Fig. 7 0 100 km N 0 100 km N high medium Key low Nitrogen dioxide pollution Sulfur dioxide pollution Fig. 8 Fig. 9

13 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (a) Study Figs 7 and 8. Do you think that vehicles are likely to be a major source of nitrogen dioxide pollution in the United Kingdom? Give evidence from Figs 7 and 8 to support your answer. … … … … … … … …[4] (b) (i) Describe the relationship between sulfur dioxide pollution shown on Fig. 9 and the distribution of urban areas shown on Fig. 7. … … … … … …[3] (ii) Using your knowledge of pollution, suggest a likely source of the sulfur dioxide. …[1] [Total: 8 marks]

14 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 6 Fig. 10 gives information about volcanic activity on Montserrat. 1 5 10 15 30 Plymouth old airport &DUU·V Bay Little Bay %UDGHV N new airport 10 0 4 km S\URFODVWLFIORZ GHSRVLWV Key VXPPLWRI6RXIULqUH +LOOV9ROFDQR WKLFNQHVVRIDVK GHSRVLWLQFP A series of major eruptions occurred on Montserrat between 1995 and 1999. As a result southern Montserrat was evacuated and the capital, Plymouth, abandoned. Since then an exclusion zone surrounding the Soufrière Hills Volcano has been in place. Government offices and major commercial activity are now found in Brades and the Carr’s Bay and Little Bay areas of north- west Montserrat. Montserrat’s tourist industry is now undergoing a revival, with the volcano representing one of the island’s main attractions. Montserrat offers a very rare opportunity to witness an active volcano from a safe distance. The exclusion zone covers the south-eastern area of the island, as well as extending four kilometres off-shore along the eastern coast. There are various points where it is possible to view the volcano and the destruction it has brought to the island. Fig. 10 (a) Using information from Fig. 10 only, explain each of the following: (i) why the decision was taken to evacuate Plymouth and make it part of the exclusion zone; … … … …[2]

15 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 (ii) why hotel owners might think that the volcano brought both advantages and disadvantages; … … … …[2] (iii) why people in the north of the island might think that the volcano has benefitted them. … … … …[2] (b) Fig. 11 shows the location of Montserrat. N Key 0 300 km North American Plate South American Plate Cocos Plate Caribbean Plate Montserrat plate boundary plate movement sea Fig. 11 Using information from Fig. 11 and your own knowledge, explain why Montserrat is a volcanic island. … … … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

16 0460/22/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2015 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/22 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2015 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 1 (a) (i) other, [1] (ii) dam, [1] (iii) dip tank, [1] (iv) 1411 metres, [1] (v) reservoir/building(s), (built-up, settlement = 0) [1] If more than one feature given and one is wrong = 0 (b) Area in Fig. 2A Area in Fig. 2B Both these areas Neither of these areas flat land
steep land
land over 1500 m
bush
tarred road
More than one tick per row = 0, but for bush allow 3 ticks in columns 1, 2 and 3, or two ticks in columns 1 and 2. [5] (c) (i) narrow, (small = 0) variable width, flows west, lake, tributary/confluence (singular or plural), meanders/bends etc., rapids, (rapid waterfall = 0) causeway, bridge, gentle gradient/on a gentle slope, braiding/island/splits and re-joins, [4] (ii) narrow/small, 0–400 m (allow within tolerance), wide(r) in west/downstream, [1] (d) (i) 3200 – 3400 (metres), [1] (ii) south east, [1] (iii) 145° – 149°, [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 (e) 586704/5 = 2, Correct square (5870) = 1, [2] 2 (a) (i) settlements in order/arrangement/rank/organisation of importance/size/services, Allow other valid expressions of the terms underlined. [1] (ii) largest/larger population, most/more services/stores/primary schools, [1] Needs to be comparative. (iii) more services/named services than expected/for its population/than Settlement E, [1] (b) (i) secondary school, [1] (ii) 601 – 1400, [1] (c) (i) settlement C plotted with 5000 population and 11 convenience stores, [1] (Allow without the C) (ii) positive correlation, direct relationship, as one increases the other increases, [1] (d) larger number of low order settlements/smaller number of high order settlements, Must be comparative. [1] 3 (a) Winter: frozen/no flow/flow beneath ice, Summer: flow/slow flow/fast flow, [2] (b) wide, gentle gradient, meander/bend, gentle/shallow banks, artificial/brick/stone/blocks/concrete banks, bridge, floats/buoys/net, [3] (c) erosion, erosion on outer/right bank, (= 2) fast(er) flow on right bank, protect buildings/city, allow access to river (for boating, fishing etc.), promenade/footpath/pavement, aesthetic appearance, [3]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 4 (a) start over oceans/seas, move towards land, curved paths, move NW in north, move SW in south, If neither of the above two points are awarded, allow 1 mark for either: move W, or move NW and SW, Allow if expressed as from the east etc. move away from Equator/towards Tropics, move north in Indian Ocean/move north located, [3] (b) Rainfall stops, “little or no rain” = 1 higher before eye lower after eye (increases then decreases = 0). Allow by figures, such as 20 mm before and 8 mm after, or by 12 mm. Wind direction changes from NW to SE/opposite direction, becomes calm in eye, Pressure falls/low/falls then rises, (to) below 970 mb or reasonable figure below 970 mb, Temperature rises/high, (to) 30 °C/(to) 31 °C/by 5 °C/by 6 °C, Reserve one mark for each element. For points shown by figures correct unit must be given at least once. [5] 5 (a) yes/vehicles are a source, NO2 found in urban areas/built-up areas/cities etc., (allow around urban areas) Not just a single city. NO2 found in London/Birmingham/Liverpool/Leeds/Manchester, many/more cars/traffic congestion in urban areas, in lines joining urban areas/along roads/lines where vehicles travel, [4]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 (b) (i) no/little/some relationship, most/higher/mainly in rural areas/most/higher/mainly outside urban areas/often not found in urban areas, Not just a single area. found next to urban areas/to east of urban areas/around urban areas, found in some urban areas, found in/close to Liverpool/Edinburgh, Also allow Manchester/Leeds because of map labels. low (allow none) in some urban areas, low (allow none) in Birmingham/Glasgow/Cardiff/London/Belfast, [3] (ii) power stations, burning fossil fuels/coal/oil/gas/other named material, factories/manufacturing industry/heavy industry, [1] 6 (a) (i) thick ash/most ash/30 cm of ash, pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic flows very destructive/dangerous/cause death, near/4 km from volcano/summit, [2] (ii) Advantage: volcano a tourist attraction/tourism benefited, Disadvantages: parts of the island an Exclusion Zone/evacuated, destruction of property/airport/hotel/hotels close, (Allow if expressed in future) tourists deterred by volcano, Advantage = 1 Disadvantage = 1 [2] (iii) commercial activity (moved to north), government functions (moved to the north), jobs (in north), new airport/airport closer, [2] (b) subduction/description of subduction process, beneath Montserrat, melting, island arc, [2]