Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2015 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 14 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. DC (LK/CGW) 96003/6 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 7 6 1 1 8 1 7 9 1 2 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2 May/June 2015 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3, and Photographs B and C for Question 4. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

2 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 1 Study the map extract for Umvukwe Range, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the south west part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. E G F A B C D 73 72 71 70 73 72 71 70 40 39 38 37 36 35 40 39 38 37 36 35 Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) the type of road at A; …[1] (ii) features B; …[1] (iii) feature C; …[1] (iv) the name of river D; …[1] (v) feature E; …[1] (vi) feature F; …[1] (vii) the height of contour G. …[1]

3 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (b) Fig. 2 is a cross section along northing 72 from 410720 to 480720. 1400 W 1300 1200 410720 480720 1400 1300 height (metres) height (metres) 1200 X Y Z Fig. 2 Identify the following features shown on Fig. 2: (i) the land use at W; …[1] (ii) the transport feature at X; …[1] (iii) the feature on the river at Y; …[1] (iv) the vegetation at Z. …[1]

4 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 (c) Look at the Mukwadzi river. Which three of the following statements about the river and its valley are true? Tick three boxes. Statement Tick (✓) The river has variable width The river flows through orchard or plantation The river flows across land lower than 1000 metres above sea level There are some settlements next to the river The river has no tributaries The river has waterfalls There are no bridges across the river Parts of the river valley in the south-east are narrow [3] (d) The Umvukwe Range is shown in the east of the map extract. Describe how the height, gradient and cultivation of the Umvukwe Range is different from the rest of the map. Height above sea level … …[1] Gradient of slopes … …[1] Amount of cultivation … …[1]

5 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (e) Fig. 3 shows the roads in the south east of the map extract. 73 72 71 70 73 72 71 70 48 47 46 45 44 43 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 42 Fig. 3 Describe how the routes of the roads have been affected by relief. … … … … … …[3] [Total: 20 marks]

6 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 2 Fig. 4 shows plate boundaries (plate margins), plate movements and earthquake epicentres in part of North America and the Pacific Ocean. Bering Sea Pacific Ocean X Y km 0 plate boundary Key direction of plate movement earthquake epicentre 500 N Fig. 4 (a) What is meant by the following terms: (i) epicentre; … …[1] (ii) plate? … …[1] (b) Identify the types of plate boundary shown at X and Y on Fig. 4. X…………………………………………………….. Y…………………………………………………….. [2]

7 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (c) Fig. 5 shows the effects of one of the earthquakes in the area. An intensity value of 12 is strong and 1 is weak. Bering Sea 2 5 5 5 4 3 2 ï 6 6 6 6 N Pacific Ocean km  plate boundary Key direction of plate movement earthquake intensity   6 Fig. 5 (i) On Fig. 5, mark the position of the epicentre of the earthquake with the letter E. [1] (ii) Using information from Fig. 5 and your own knowledge, explain the cause of the earthquake. … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks]

8 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 3 (a) Table 1 shows some processes which occur at the Earth’s surface. Table 1 A carbonation B traction C frost shattering D exfoliation E saltation F suspension G erosion For each of the following descriptions, choose the correct process from Table 1. (i) The process by which solid material moves along the bed of a river in a series of hops. letter ………………………….. [1] (ii) The process by which a river or waves in the sea wear away and remove rocks and weathered material. letter ………………………….. [1] (iii) The process occurring in deserts where layers of rock peel off parallel to the surface. letter ………………………….. [1] (iv) The process where calcium carbonate in limestone is attacked by carbonic acid produced in rainwater. letter ………………………….. [1]

9 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (b) Study Photograph A (Insert). Describe and explain the evidence of weathering seen in the photograph. … … … … … … … … …[4] [Total: 8 marks]

10 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 BLANK PAGE

11 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over 4 (a) Photograph B (Insert) shows part of Moscow, Russia. (i) Describe the buildings seen in the photograph. … … … … … … … …[4] (ii) Suggest which land use zone of the city is shown in the photograph. …[1] (b) Photograph C (Insert) shows part of Johannesburg, South Africa. Describe the evidence seen in the photograph which suggests that this is a suburban shopping area. … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks]

12 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 5 Fig. 6 gives information about the wheat production of the world’s ten leading wheat producing countries. Fig. 7 shows the location of these countries. Study Figs 6 and 7 and answer the questions on the page opposite. 2005 2007 2009 year 2011 20 40 wheat production (million tonnes) 60 80 100 120 0 Germany (9) Australia (6) India (2) Russia (3) Canada (7) Kazakhstan (10) Pakistan (8) USA (4) France (5) China (1) India (2) China (1) Russia (3) Canada (7) USA (4) France (5) Kazakhstan (10) Pakistan (8) Fig. 6 0° 23°N 23°S 1 3 10 2 8 6 9 5 4 Key 4 = wheat producing country shown on Fig. 6 7 Fig. 7

13 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 [Turn over (a) (i) In 2011 India produced 87 million tonnes of wheat. Use this information to complete Fig. 6. [1] (ii) Using Fig. 6, identify two countries where wheat production decreased between 2009 and 2011. 1………………………………………… 2……………………………………….. [2] (b) Fig. 6 was designed to show the wheat production of the world’s ten leading wheat producing countries. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using Fig. 6 to do this. Advantage … … Disadvantage … …[2] (c) (i) Using Figs 6 and 7, identify two continents which do not have one of the ten leading wheat producing countries. 1………………………………………… 2……………………………………….. [1] (ii) Using Fig. 7, which two of the following statements about the leading wheat producing countries is correct? Tick two boxes in the table. Statement Tick (✓) most are in the tropics most are near the poles most are in temperate latitudes most are in the northern hemisphere most are in the southern hemisphere most are close to the Equator [2] [Total: 8 marks]

14 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 6 Fig. 8 shows an area where it is planned to build a new thermal power station. Four possible sites for the power station, A, B, C and D, are shown. N Key km 1 0 2 3 possible power station site industrial zone main road river built up area (mainly residential) sea port T T T sea coal imports park and recreation area coal mine D C A B A Fig. 8 (a) (i) Measure the distance along the main road from where it crosses the river to the road junction in the north east of the map. … km [1] (ii) What is the general direction of flow of the river? Circle one correct answer below. to the north east to the north west to the south east to the south west [1] (b) For each of the following factors, choose a suitable site for the power station. Tick one box for each factor and give a reason for your choice. (i) Transport Site A B C D Tick (✓) Reason … …[1]

15 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 (ii) Raw materials Site A B C D Tick (✓) Reason … …[1] (iii) Supply of cooling water Site A B C D Tick (✓) Reason … …[1] (iv) Room for expansion Site A B C D Tick (✓) Reason … …[1] (v) Disposal of waste ash Site A B C D Tick (✓) Reason … …[1] (vi) Least visual impact Site A B C D Tick (✓) Reason … …[1] [Total: 8 marks]

16 0460/21/M/J/15 © UCLES 2015 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2015 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2015 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 1 (a) (i) gravel/earth, [1] (ii) huts, [1] (iii) dam, [1] (iv) Murembwe, [1] (v) dip tank, [1] (vi) power line, [1] (vii) 1260 m, [1] (b) (i) cultivation, [1] (ii) railway, [1] (iii) rapids, [1] (iv) very dense/dense/medium bush, [1] (c) the river has variable width, there are some settlements next to the river, parts of the river valley in the south-east are narrow, [3] (d) Umvukwe is: higher, (allow figures) steeper, uncultivated whereas rest is, [3] Allow if emphasis only on Umvukwe. (e) avoids high(er)/keeps to low(er)/follows foot of hills/goes round hills/avoids Range, avoids steep(er)/keeps to gentle(r)/on flat land, follows valley, uses pass, [3]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 2 (a) (i) point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus/origin, [1] (ii) lithosphere/upper rigid layer of the Earth/crust + upper mantle, [1] (b) X destructive/convergent, Y conservative, [2] (c) (i) E within intensity 11 area or adjacent sea, [1] (ii) plates slide past each other, shearing, build up of pressure/stress, faulting/fracturing, displacement/movement (along fault), release of pressure/stress/energy, Reserve one mark for either of the first two points. [3] 3 (a) (i) E/saltation, [1] (ii) G/erosion, [1] (iii) D/exfoliation, [1] (iv) A/carbonation, [1] (b) trees/plants in cracks, indicates biological action, rounded/smooth boulders, peeling, could indicate exfoliation/chemical action, orange/brown/change of colour, could indicate chemical action/oxidation, blocks of different sizes/shattered rocks, could indicate frost action, Maximum 3 description. No explanation points without description. Explanation must be linked to description. Allow description of processes as alternative to names. [4]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 4 (a) (i) tall buildings/apartments/flats, flat roofs (in flats), many windows (in flats), one/two storey buildings/small, sloping/pitched roofs, gardens/lawns/yards, various colours, in groups/clustered/close to each other, any difference between background and foreground (unless two single points already given), [4] (ii) residential/housing, suburbs, rural-urban fringe, [1] (b) large (buildings), low rise (buildings), rectangular (buildings), car parks/parking, main roads/wide roads/big roads/highway, busy roads, [3] 5 (a) (i) graph completed correctly for 87 million in 2011, with line drawn, [1] (ii) Russia, USA, Canada, Germany, [2] (b) Advantage: gives visual impression, shows differences (between countries), shows changes, gives production figure, Disadvantage: out of date, (lower part of graph) cluttered/difficult to read, only alternate years, limited time range, [2] (c) (i) South America and Africa, [1] (ii) most are in temperate latitudes, most are in the northern hemisphere, [2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – May/June 2015 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2015 6 (a) (i) 9.7 – 10.3(km), [1] (ii) north west, [1] (b) (i) A near port, C/D near road, [1] (ii) A near coal imports, C near to coal mine, [1] (iii) A (near) sea, C (near) river, [1] (iv) A land next to industrial area/can expand to west, C/D outside built-up area/away from town/away from residential area/can expand in named direction, [1] (v) A land next to industrial area/land to west/remove via sea, C/D outside built-up area/away from town/away from residential area, C/D near road for transport, [1] (vi) A in industrial area, [1] C outside built-up area/away from town/away from residential area/near mine,