Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2014 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 3

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (KN/SW) 79535/8 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 8 0 6 7 2 6 1 4 9 6 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/23 Paper 2 May/June 2014 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 2 and Photograph B for Question 5. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

2 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 1 Study the map extract, which is for Chiweshe, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the central part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1, the map extract and the key to answer the questions below. 11 12 13 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 10 09 11 12 13 10 09 B F C D E A Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A; …[1] (ii) the type of road at B; …[1] (iii) the type of public building at C; …[1] (iv) feature D; …[1] (v) feature E; …[1] (vi) the land use in area F. …[1]

3 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (b) Look at the part of the river Chipfururwe north of grid line 15. Which four of the following statements about the river are true? Tick four boxes in the table below. Statement Tick (✓) The river has a gentle gradient The river has rapids The river is completely straight There are bridges across the river The river has oxbow lakes The river has some meanders The river is crossed by many tracks The river is a wide river [4] (c) (i) What is the six figure grid reference of the road junction at Rusenza Stores in the central area of the map? …[1] (ii) Look at the road that connects Rusenza Stores with Muchirakuenda B.C.. Muchirakuenda School is a small building on the north side of this road. What is the approximate compass bearing from grid north of Muchirakuenda School from Rusenza Stores? Tick one correct answer in the table below. Bearing Tick (✓) 18° 108° 198° 288° [1] (iii) Measure the distance by road between the road junction at Rusenza Stores and Muchirakuenda School. Circle below the nearest distance to your answer. 4000 4300 4600 4900 metres [1]

4 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (d) Look at grid squares 9616 and 9617. The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting a tick in the correct five boxes. Feature 9616 9617 Both of them Neither of them Example: mining and prospecting trench ✓ an area of linear settlement very high density of drainage land over 1440 metres a tarred road a building [5] (e) Fig. 2 shows an area in the north west of the map extract. 17 18 19 88 89 90 88 89 90 16 17 18 19 16 Fig. 2 Draw the line of the subdivision boundary on Fig. 2. [2] [Total: 20 marks]

5 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 2

6 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 2 Photograph A (Insert) shows an area of weathered rock with eroded land in front of it. (a) Describe the features of the landscape shown on the photograph. … … … … … … … … … …[5] (b) Fig. 3 shows a ground surface before weathering starts. A B C D ground surface crack (joint) in the rock vegetation Key Fig. 3 Circle the location A, B, C or D on Fig. 3 to show the section of rock where weathering is likely to have the least effect. [1]

7 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (c) Put a tick against each of the two correct statements in the table below. Statement Tick (✓) Solution of rocks on a river bed is a type of weathering. When rock is weathered the broken rocks remain at the location. Exfoliation results from a change of temperature above and below freezing point. When rock is eroded the broken rocks are transported away. Strong winds weather rock quickly. [2] [Total: 8 marks]

8 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 3 (a) Fig. 4 shows the temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours for a place near the Equator. J 0 50 100 150 rainfall (mm) temperature (°C) daily sunshine (hrs) rainfall (mm) temperature (°C) daily sunshine (hrs) 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 25 30 25 30 0 5 0 5 10 10 F M A M J J months A S O N D Fig. 4 (i) Complete Fig. 4 by plotting rainfall of 315 mm for March. [1] (ii) Give the annual temperature range of the place shown on Fig. 4. …[1] (iii) Explain why plants can grow all year round in this climate. … … … …[2]

9 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (b) Use Fig. 4 to explain why the trees that grow in this climate have: (i) broad leaves; … …[1] (ii) leaves with drip-tips. … …[1] (c) Many of the rainforest trees growing in this climate have buttress roots, as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 Suggest why buttress roots are an advantage for rainforest trees. … … … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

10 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 4 Fig. 6 shows land-uses in three regions of the USA. Mountain States Corn Belt South East forest arable land pasture other land-use Key Fig. 6 (a) (i) The land-use for the South East region is shown in Table 1 below. Use this information to complete Fig. 6. Use the key provided. Table 1 Land-use Percentage forest 61 arable land 10 pasture 8 other 21 [3]

11 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (ii) Using Fig. 6, place three ticks in the table below to show the region that matches the description. Description of land-use Mountain States Corn Belt South East the most pasture the most arable farming the greatest area of ‘other’ land-uses [3] (b) Give two physical (natural) factors likely to influence agricultural land-use in the Mountain States. Explain the influence each of them will have. 1 … … 2 … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

12 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 5 Study Photograph B (Insert), which shows rural settlement in Lesotho, Africa. (a) Describe the settlement under the following headings: (i) size; …[1] (ii) site; … … … …[2] (iii) layout; … …[1] (iv) land-use of the land around the settlement. … … …[1] (b) Use Photograph B to suggest why a larger settlement has not developed in the area shown. … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks]

13 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 6

14 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 6 Look at Figs 7 and 8, which show information about Colombia in South America. Use all the information to answer the questions that follow. N 0° 0° Ecuador Peru Brazil Venezuela Caribbean Sea Pacific Ocean EQUATOR 0 300 km P Q 10 and over population density people per km2 Key 1 – 9.9 less than 1 international border Fig. 7 N 0° 0° Ecuador Peru Brazil Venezuela Caribbean Sea Pacific Ocean 0 300 km B C A Andes Mountains (fold mountains with volcanoes) physical regions of Colombia Key lowlands A B C coastal lowlands Orinoco River Basin Amazon River Basin (tropical rainforest) international border Fig. 8

15 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (a) State the population density in the south east of Colombia. …[1] (b) Describe the location of areas P and Q which have the highest population densities in Colombia. Area P … … Area Q … … [2] (c) Explain why the location of area Q is likely to encourage high population density to develop. … … … …[2] (d) State one economic reason why some areas in the Andes Mountains near volcanoes have relatively high population densities. … …[1] (e) Use Fig. 8 and your own knowledge to explain why the climate in the Andes Mountains is likely to favour more settlement than on the surrounding lowlands. … … … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

16 0460/23/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 2 Photograph A Question 5 Photograph B Question 6 Fig. 7 Muriel Fretwell © UCLES. Muriel Fretwell © UCLES. Adapted from: © Oxford International Student’s Atlas; OUP; 2007; ISBN: 9780198325796. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/23 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0460 02 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 1 (a) (i) Dip tank/Nzvimbo Dip [1] (ii) Gravel/earth [1] (iii) Police station [1] (iv) Aerodrome/landing area/airport/airstrip [1] (v) Hut(s), [1] (vi) Cultivation [1] (b) The river has a gentle gradient
The river has rapids
The river has a straight course There are bridges across the river The river has oxbow lakes The river has some meanders
The river is crossed by many tracks
The river is a wide river [4] (c) (i) 922/3 143 [1] (ii) 108 [1] (iii) 4300 [1] (d) 9616 9617 Both of them Neither of them an area of linear settlement
very high density of drainage

land over 1440 metres
a tarred road
a building
[5]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0460 02 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (e) Line of subdivision boundary drawn: Across northing 19 at 16 – 19 mm east of easting 89 Across northing 16 at 10 – 13 mm east of easting 88 [2] 2 (a) Background: Hill/high/mountain/ridge/kopje Cliff/very steep Bare rock/rocks without vegetation Rounded (tops) Cracks/joints/faults/grykes Scree/loose material/broken rocks/fallen rocks Boulders/blocks Layered/sedimentary rocks Yellow/brown/orange/light/white rock Trees/bushes/shrubs/scrub Foreground: Flat/gently sloping Terraced Channel/donga/gully/river bed Grass/pasture Aloe/cactus/succulent Maximum of 4 – background or foreground [5] (b) B (c) Solution of rocks on a river bed is a type of weathering. When rock is weathered the broken rocks remain at the location.
Exfoliation results from a change of temperature above and below freezing point. When rock is eroded the broken rocks are transported away.
Strong winds weather rock quickly. [2] 3 (a) (i) bar at 315mm [1] (ii) 2ºC [1] (iii) hot/warm all year/always above 25oC Rain/wet all year/always above 50mm [2] (b) (i) cloudy climate so catch sun/aid photosynthesis, high rainfall so no need to minimise water loss [1] (ii) To shed water [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0460 02 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (c) For support/stability, in the muddy soil/swampy/marshy/wet ground, the trees are tall, nutrients near the soil surface, lower levels depleted of nutrients. [2] 4 (a) (i) completion of pie graph: smallest sector 27 – 30º next sector 35 – 37º Correct use of key = 1 [3] (ii) Mountain States Corn Belt Southeast the most pastoral farming
the most arable farming
the greatest area of other land uses
[3] (b) Credit points relevant to the Mountain States. Points must relate to relief, climate soil or vegetation. Factor and linked influence needed for a mark. [2] 5 (a) (i) small/few buildings/hamlet/low order, (Allow small village) [1] (ii) Gentle slope Hillside/on a hill/on a mountain Lower slopes/mountain foot/under mountain Dry point/away from rivers No roads [2] (iii) Spaced apart/dispersed/scattered OR Clustered/compact/nucleated [1] (iv) Farming/fields/crops/terraces [1] (b) Mountainous Isolated/remote/away from towns No power lines/electricity No water source/no river Little shelter No roads/transport Dry climate/land No resources [3] 6 (a) less than 1 per square kilometre [1] (b) P – in south west/Andes/mountains/highlands Q – in north west/coastal/near sea/lowlands/north Allow ‘in west’ once for either [2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0460 02 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (c) ports/import/export/trade/transport by sea Encourage industry (dev) Routes focus on ports (dev) Immigrants likely to settle in ports (dev) Tourism Lowland allows accessibility/roads Lowland so no/few obstacles to building Fishing [2] (d) Minerals to exploit Volcanoes are a tourist attraction Fertile soils [1] (e) Near Equator so hot Cold(er)/cool(er) on mountains Temperature decreases by 0.6ºC per 100 metres Less humid on mountains Lower rainfall [2]