Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2014 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (SJF/SW) 79519/7 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 1 2 0 9 2 2 1 1 8 2 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2 May/June 2014 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photographs A and B for Question 3, and Photograph C for Question 4. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

2 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 1 Study the map extract for Bindura Township, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north west part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1, the map extract and the key, and answer the questions below. 90 91 92 89 90 91 92 14 15 16 17 18 19 14 15 16 17 18 19 89 B C A D E Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) the name of the river A; …[1] (ii) feature B; …[1] (iii) the features at C; …[1] (iv) the land use in areas D; …[1] (v) the type of road at E. …[1]

3 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (b) Study the area of settlement around Bindura in the centre of the map extract. (i) Identify three services provided in this area. 1 … 2 … 3 …[3] (ii) Using map evidence, explain why the settlement has developed at Bindura. … … … … … … … …[4]

4 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (c) Fig. 2A shows an area at Pimento Park in the south west of the map extract and Fig. 2B shows an area at Stella in the north east of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. 84 85 14 15 16 14 15 16 83 84 85 83 91 92 27 28 29 27 28 29 90 91 92 90 STELLA PIMENTO PARK Fig. 2A Fig. 2B The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Area in Fig. 2A Area in Fig. 2B Both these areas Neither of these areas Example: large river ✓ flat or gently sloping land mostly medium bush a power line track, cut line or game trail high drainage density [5]

5 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (d) Fig. 3 shows the locations of spot height 1045 metres and spot height 1064 metres in the south east of the map extract. 83 84 25 26 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 82 83 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 82 1064 1045 Fig. 3 (i) Give the six figure grid reference for spot height 1045 metres. … [1] (ii) Measure the distance between the two spot heights. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (iii) What is the bearing, from grid north, to spot height 1064 metres from spot height 1045 metres? Tick one correct answer below. Tick 56° 136° 216° 236° [1] [Total: 20 marks]

6 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 2 The Bahamas are a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean where coral reefs have developed. Figs 4A and 4B show the largest island, Andros Island, and the location of the nearby coral reefs. deep ocean deep ocean deep ocean deep ocean Great Bahama Bank Great Bahama Bank 0 80 km 0 80 km N N prevailing winds prevailing winds Andros Island Andros Island X Y 2 0 0 5 200 37 37 39 41 5 depth of sea (metres) Key Key 5 X Y coral reef line of cross section on Fig. 5 salt content of sea (parts per thousand – average for sea water is 35 ppt) 37 coral reef Fig. 4A Fig. 4B (a) Using information from Figs 4A and 4B, describe where the coral reef is found and explain how the following factors have affected the location of the coral reefs. (i) Depth of the sea Description … … Explanation … …[2]

7 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (ii) Salt content of the sea water Description … … Explanation … …[2] (iii) Prevailing wind Description … … Explanation … …[2] (b) Fig. 5 shows a cross section from X to Y on Fig. 4A. X Y sea level not to scale A B C D E Fig. 5 Which of points A, B, C, D or E on Fig. 5 is the location of: (i) The Great Bahama Bank; … [1] (ii) a coral reef? … [1] [Total: 8 marks]

8 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 3 Photographs A and B (Insert) show volcanoes in Auckland, New Zealand, where dormant and extinct volcanoes occur. (a) (i) What is meant by an extinct volcano? … …[1] (ii) What is the evidence in Photograph A which suggests that the volcano shown is extinct? … … …[1] (b) Fig. 6 shows a field sketch of the volcano shown in Photograph A. steep sides crater houses Fig. 6 In the space below draw a field sketch of the volcano shown in Photograph B. Add labels to your sketch. [4]

9 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (c) Suggest why the volcanoes in Photographs A and B have different shapes. … … … … … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

10 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 4 (a) The steel industry is one of the major industries in the world. Fig. 7 shows the leading world producers of steel in November 2012. 8 7 4 5 6 7 8 6 5 4 China European Union Japan India Russia South Korea USA Others Key Fig. 7 China produced 46% of the world’s steel and the European Union produced 12%. Plot this information on Fig. 7. Use the key provided. [3]

11 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (b) Study Fig. 8, which describes some of the effects of the development of a major industry. The development of a major industry such as steel, motor vehicle manufacturing or chemicals affects the surrounding area in many ways. Large numbers of people are employed in the industry and the money they earn is spent locally. This increases the demand for services and goods. Training in the new industry increases the amount of skilled labour in the area. Taxes are paid by the workers and the industry. The major industry may use raw materials found or produced locally. Fig. 8 Using information from Fig. 8 only, describe one effect of the development of a major industry on the following: (i) the government of the area; … …[1] (ii) local people; … …[1] (iii) other industries in the area. … …[1] (c) Photograph C (Insert) shows an industrial location. Using evidence from Photograph C, describe two disadvantages for people living nearby. 1 … … 2 … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

12 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 5 Fig. 9A shows the population structure of Italy in 2000 and Fig. 9B shows the predicted population structure of Italy in 2020. 80+ 75–79 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–4 age (years) 2000 male female population (millions) 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 Fig. 9A 80+ 75–79 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–4 population (millions) male female 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 age (years) 2020 Fig. 9B (a) (i) How many 40–44 year old males were there in Italy in 2000? … million [1] (ii) There are expected to be 2.5 million 45–49 year old males in Italy in 2020. Plot this information on Fig. 9B. [1] (b) Describe the predicted changes between 2000 and 2020 in the total numbers of: (i) 0–14 year olds; … …[1] (ii) over 64 year olds. … …[1]

13 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (c) Describe the predicted changes between 2000 and 2020 within the 15–64 year old group. … … … … …[2] (d) Fig. 10 shows differences between the population of Italy and the population of India. 100 90 80 70 60 % of population aged 65 + 50 40 30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 % of population aged 15–64 80 90 100 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of population aged 0–14 Key: % 0–14 % 15–64 % 65+ India Italy Fig. 10 Using Fig. 10, describe two differences between the population of Italy and the population of India. 1 … … 2 … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

14 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 6 Fig. 11 gives information about Hurricane Irene (a tropical storm) which affected the USA in August 2011. The path and effects of the storm are shown. Study the information and answer the questions on the opposite page. Boston N Atlantic City Cape May Rehoboth Beach Ocean City Baltimore NEW YORK Richmond Norfolk Virginia Beach Elizabeth City Rocky Mount Durham New Bern Fayetteville Wilmington Raleigh Washington Dock at Mastic, Long Island flooded Trees down and power cut 0900 hours Sunday August 28 Irene reaches land. Wind speeds 105 km / hour 1500 hours Saturday August 27 Irene reaches land Wind speeds 135 km / hour Path of Hurricane Irene 11th death caused by Irene as a car is swept away by a river which flooded after heavy rainfall A reactor at the Calvert Cliffs nuclear plant shut down as officials assess the damage caused by debris blown by heavy winds New York Washington ATLANTIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN CAPE LOOKOUT BAHAMAS HAITI 5 10 10 15 20 20 15 20 0 100 km 200 strength of storm shown by size of symbol city rainfall during the storm (cm) Key 5 Fig. 11

15 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 (a) How much rain fell in Baltimore? Circle one correct answer below. less than 5 cm 5–10 cm 10–15 cm 15–20 cm more than 20 cm [1] (b) The storm first reached land on August 27, then it reached land again on August 28. (i) Name the two points where the storm reached land. 1 … 2 … [1] (ii) State the compass direction in which the storm travelled between the two points. … [1] (iii) What happened to the strength of the storm between the two points? …[1] (c) Using Fig. 11 only, describe two weather hazards of the storm and the effects that they had. Weather hazard 1 … Effects … … … … Weather hazard 2 … Effects … … … …[4] [Total: 8 marks]

16 0460/21/M/J/14 © UCLES 2014 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 Photographs A & B D. Kelly © UCLES. Question 4 Figs 7 & 8 © US Energy Administration; http://www.eia.gov. Question 4 Photograph C D. Kelly © UCLES. Question 5 Figs 9A, 9B & 10 Data sourced from: © US Census Bureau International Database. Question 6 Fig. 11 © The Guardian; 29 August 2011. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 1 (a) (i) Mazowe, [1] (ii) quarry/excavation, [1] (iii) huts (huts, staff quarters = 0), [1] (iv) orchard/plantation. [1] (v) wide tarred, [1] If more than one answer given = 0. (b) (i) hospital/medical, sports field, sewerage (pond), dam/water supply, rifle range, country club, gliding (club), golf (course), post office, police station, district administration office/administration, railway station, Mark best three answers. [3] (ii) mining/mine/quarry/quarrying, railway developed, e.g. links east and west/junction, road junction/route centre, services/service centre/facilities/amenities, centre of cultivation, water supply from dams/rivers, flat/gently sloping land, [4] (c) Area in Fig. 2A Area in Fig. 2B Both these areas Neither of these areas flat or gently sloping
medium bush
power line
track, cut line, game trail
high drainage density
More than one tick per row = 0 [5]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (d) (i) 284862/3, [1] (ii) 5200–5400 m, [1] (iii) 216°, [1] 2 (a) (i) between 5 and 200 m depth, coral needs light, coral needs to be covered with water (most of the time), [2] (ii) 37(ppt)/37–35(ppt)/35(ppt)/<37(ppt)/slightly saltier than average, coral needs normal salt content, coral can’t live in very salty water, [2] (iii) on windward/windy side/side of prevailing wind, coral needs waves, coral needs oxygen, One mark for description and one mark for explanation. Ignore where points are written within the parts of the question. [2] (b) (i) B, [1] (ii) D, [1] 3 (a) (i) will not erupt again, no longer active, dead, [1] (ii) houses built close by, building on top, trees/vegetation growth, [1] (b) Labels: cone/conical, shield, gentle slopes, wide base crater double crater/secondary cone, Drawing (reserve one mark): steepest slope 15° or less, double crater/summit area correct, [4]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (c) made of different materials, A (more) viscous lava, A (more) silicic/acidic lava, A lava at low(er) temperature, A (more) explosive, A lava solidifies (more) quickly, A lava doesn’t flow (as) far, A old(er)/(less) eroded, Allow emphasis on B. [2] 4 (a) smaller segment 42°–44° = 2, smaller segment 40°–46° = 1, correct use of key, [3] (b) (i) gain taxes/income/money, [1] (ii) employment, more wealthy, gain new skills, [1] (iii) increased demand for their goods/services, skilled labour available, [1] (c) air pollution/smoke/gas from chimney/from building, or breathing/health problems from smoke, visual pollution/ugly buildings/pylons, (perceived) health risk from overhead cables, [2] 5 (a) (i) 2–2.1 (million), [1] (ii) correct plot of 2.5 million, [1] (b) (i) decrease, [1] (ii) increase, [1] (c) 2000 younger range greater, 2020 older range greater, decrease in younger range, increase in older range, little/no overall change, (allow a variety of age ranges) [2] } average age increases

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (d) 0–14: India greater %/Italy smaller %, 15– 64: India smaller %/Italy greater %, 65+: India smaller %/Italy greater %, Allow “more” and “fewer”. Comparison necessary. Allow by correct figures as below. [2] India Italy 0–14 30–32 13–15 15–64 63– 65 66– 68 65+ 4– 6 18–20 6 (a) 10–15 cm, [1] (b) (i) Cape Lookout/New Bern and (near) New York/Long Island/Dock/Mastic, [1] (ii) N/NNW/NW, [1] (iii) it decreased, [1] (c) strong/heavy winds, damage to nuclear plant/transformer, trees down, power cut, heavy rain, car swept away, dock flooded, river flooded, One mark for hazard and one mark for its effect. Effect must link to weather hazard. [4]