Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2013 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 3

This document consists of 14 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. DC (NF/JG) 65065/4 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 6 6 9 3 1 6 6 3 1 2 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/23 Paper 2 October/November 2013 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Material: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:25 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 2, Photograph B for Question 5 and Photograph C for Question 6. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total www.theallpapers.com

2 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 1 The map extract is for Blanche Mountain, Mauritius. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows the positions of some features in the north of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract and answer the questions below. 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 94 95 96 94 95 96 D C B A E Fig. 1 Study the map and identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) the type of road at A; … [1] (ii) feature B; … [1] (iii) the type of natural vegetation at C; … [1] (iv) the named building at D; … [1] (v) features E. … [1] www.theallpapers.com

3 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) (i) In which compass direction would you walk from the road junction at grid reference 119 913 to the school at 111921? … [1] (ii) What is the bearing, from grid north, of the school at grid reference 111921 from the road junction at 119913? … degrees [1] (iii) What is the distance in metres along the road from the western edge of the map at grid reference 110950 to the road junction at 139950? Circle the distance below (given in metres) which is the nearest to your answer. 2900 2950 3080 3220 [1] (iv) What is the main settlement pattern on the map? Circle the correct answer below. dispersed linear nucleated [1] (c) Look at grid squares 1294 and 1694. Place one tick only in each row in the table below to show whether or not the named features are found there. One example has been completed. feature grid square 1294 only grid square 1694 only both grid squares neither of the grid squares mosque ✓ dispensary police station plantations growing two types of crop school marsh or swamp [5] www.theallpapers.com

4 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use (d) Complete the route of the old railway, named in grid square 1391, on Fig. 2 below. 11 12 13 14 11 12 13 14 94 93 93 92 91 94 92 91 [2] Fig. 2 www.theallpapers.com

5 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (e) Fig. 3 below shows the area of Blanche Mountain in the south east of the map extract. B L A N C H E M O U N T A I N 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 93 92 91 93 92 91 Fig. 3 Use the map extract to describe the relief of the shaded area on Fig. 3. … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20 marks] www.theallpapers.com

6 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 2 Photograph A (Insert), shows a river channel and its surrounding area. (a) Find the features listed below on Photograph A. Show where the feature is present on the photograph by writing one of the letters A, B, C, D, E or F against the correct description. a place where bank erosion has recently occurred … a place in the channel where the water will be flowing faster than at the opposite bank … flood plain … steep valley side on the outside of a meander … slip off slope (point bar) … [5] (b) (i) Circle the word that describes the size of the load at X as shown on Photograph A. boulder clay pebble sand silt [1] (ii) Suggest why load X has not been moved far by the river. … … … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

7 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over BLANK PAGE www.theallpapers.com

8 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 3 Figs 4 and 5 give information about a migration from Somalia between 2008 and 2011. Use both of them to answer the following questions. Somalia has been affected by unreliable rainfall and also by conflict, particularly in the southern part of the country where a militant group was in control. This prevented aid agencies from working there to help deal with the lack of food and water. The price of sorghum more than doubled between June 2010 and July 2011. Many people left the country, mainly on foot, and about 1.5 million are refugees within Somalia. Fig. 4 Mogadishu N SUDAN SOUTH SUDAN ETHIOPIA YEMEN SOMALIA UGANDA KENYA TANZANIA Red Sea Gulf of Aden Indian Ocean DJIBOUTI Dadaab Dollo Odo 0 200 400 km Key Number of refugees from Somalia living in the country 300 000 200 000 100 000 area that had less than 50% of its average rainfall between June 2010 and May 2011 refugee movements refugee camp international boundary Fig. 5 (a) (i) State two push factors which caused so many people to leave Somalia. … … … … [2] www.theallpapers.com

9 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (ii) From Fig. 5, suggest reasons why this migration was very difficult for Kenya to cope with. … … … … [2] (iii) How many refugees fled to Yemen? … [1] (iv) Suggest one reason why most refugees only travelled as far as the nearest countries. … … [1] (b) (i) Fig. 6 shows the number of refugees in the camp at Dadaab in January 2009 and June 2011, together with the number it was built to hold. Complete the bar graph to show that the camp held 380 000 refugees by July 2011. 0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000 400 000 number of people the camp was built to hold people in camp in January 2009 people in camp in June 2011 number of refugees at Dadaab refugee camp [1] Fig. 6 (ii) Suggest one problem which is likely to result from a camp with far more people in it than it was built to hold. … … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

10 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 4 (a) Fig. 7 shows the climate of Padang in Indonesia. Table 1 gives the temperature figures for Padang for three months. (i) Use the information in Table 1 to complete the temperature graph on Fig. 7. 0 200 400 600 20 25 30 rainfall (mm) temperature (°C) rainfall (mm) temperature (°C) 100 300 500 0 200 400 600 100 300 500 J F M A M J J A S O N D 30 25 20 month Fig. 7 Table 1 J F M temperature (°C) 26 27 26 [2] www.theallpapers.com

11 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (ii) Use the information in Fig. 7 and Table 1 to circle the figures below which are correct for the climate at Padang. annual temperature range (°C) 0 1 2 3 mean annual temperature (°C) 24 25 26 27 approximate annual rainfall total (mm) 4000 4500 5000 5500 [3] (iii) Describe the general distribution of the rainfall at Padang. … … … … [2] (b) Padang’s climate is very humid. Use Fig. 7 to explain this high humidity. … … … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

12 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 5 (a) Fig. 8 is a sketch map of an industrial complex at Brunsbüttel in north Germany which is important for petroleum and chemical industries. Photograph B (Insert), shows the petrochemical works labelled X on Fig. 8 and part of the oil port. 0 1 km N Brunsbüttel Brunsbüttel Chem-park petroleum and chemical industry boundary of Brunsbüttel Chem-park railway locks storage tanks built-up area To the North Sea To the Baltic Sea River Elbe Kiel Canal oil port X Key Fig. 8 (i) Use evidence in Photograph B only to give reasons why this is a good site for industry. Write your answers in the table below. factor influencing industrial location evidence from Photograph B of the suitability of the site land … possible power source … transport of raw material … [3] www.theallpapers.com

13 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (ii) Suggest why the chimneys in Photograph B are very tall. … … [1] (b) Use the map (Fig. 8) to describe other advantages of the area for the location of this industrial complex. … … … … … … … … [3] (c) Table 2 shows some inputs and outputs of four petrochemical factories in the area. Table 2 factory selected inputs selected outputs A benzene, petroleum toluene, xylene B toluene, xylene phosphene, nitric acid, caustic soda, sulfuric acid, hydrogen C phosphene, nitric acid, caustic soda, sulfuric acid textile dyes D hydrogen, caustic soda, sulfuric acid hydrochloric acid Using evidence from Table 2 only, explain why these factories locate close to each other. … … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

14 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 6 (a) Fig. 9 gives some information about Wyoming, a state in the USA. The western part of the state is part of the Rocky Mountains while the eastern part is a plateau covered by natural grassland in the rain shadow of the Rockies. The main economic activity is cattle ranching, which provides more than 77% of the state’s wealth. The average herd size is 232 and at least 50 of the ranches (farms) have more than 2500 cattle. The average farm size is over 100 000 hectares. Fig. 9 (i) What evidence in Fig. 9 suggests that cattle ranching in Wyoming is an example of large-scale commercial farming? large scale … … commercial … … [2] Fig. 10 shows the percentage of farmland in Wyoming under permanent pasture. Key permanent pasture other land use Fig. 10 (ii) What percentage of farmland in Wyoming is under permanent pasture? … % [1] www.theallpapers.com

15 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use (b) Photograph C (Insert), shows farm workers moving cattle on a ranch. (i) Describe the relief of the area shown in Photograph C. … … … … [2] (ii) Suggest one characteristic of the area shown in Photograph C that causes the cattle to be moved frequently from one part of the ranch to another. … … [1] (iii) Suggest why the area is not used for arable farming. … … … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

16 0460/23/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 2 Photograph A Muriel Fretwell © UCLES. Question 3 Figs 4, 5 and 6 © http://www.unhcr.org/4e0475f69.html © http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14144893 Question 5 Photograph B Muriel Fretwell © UCLES. Question 6 Figs 9 and 10 © http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/Wyoming/ Question 6 Photograph C Muriel Fretwell © UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. www.theallpapers.com

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2013 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/23 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2013 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components. www.theallpapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0460 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 1 (a) (i) (main) A, [1] (ii) trigonometrical station, [1] (iii) scrub/scattered trees, [1] (iv) mill, [1] (v) cane track(s), [1] More than one answer and one is wrong = 0. (b) (i) north west, [1] (ii) 312 – 317, [1] (iii) 3080, [1] (iv) linear, [1] (c) [5] Feature grid square 1294 only grid square 1694 only both these grid squares neither of these grid squares Dispensary
Police Station
Plantations growing two types of crop
School
Marsh or swamp
More than one tick per row = 0. (d) line crosses northing 93 11 – 21mm across square, line crosses northing 91 13 – 21mm across square, [2] (e) high/upland/hill, ridge, (highest point) 480 – 500 metres, steep slopes, spur, peaks, change in gradient/concave/convex, steeper in west/gentler in east, narrower in west/wider in east, south facing slope steeper than north facing slope, [4] www.theallpapers.com

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0460 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 2 (a) a place where bank erosion has recently occurred a place in the channel where the water will be flowing faster than at the opposite bank flood plain steep valley side on the outside of a meander slip-off slope (point bar) [5] (b) (i) boulder, [1] (ii) it is large/heavy, river is not strong enough/low velocity/low energy, water too shallow/stone partly out of water, it has recently fallen in to the river, protected by stones/vegetation/wedged by stones, [2] 3 (a) (i) conflict/militants/oppression, drought/lack of water/unreliable rainfall, high price of food/sorghum/food shortage/crop failure, no help available within the country/no access for aid agencies, [2] (ii) Kenya affected by drought/lack of water/unreliable rainfall, many/too many/large numbers arrived in Kenya/300 000 to 400 000/more than 300 000, concentrated in NE/E, only one camp, [2] (iii) accept 180 000 to 200 000, [1] (iv) walk/on foot, too weak to walk further/children/elderly can’t walk far, could not afford to travel further, easier to return when that becomes possible, no need to go further/nearest safe place, [1] (b) (i) bar extended to 380 000 in July 2011 shown by arrow, [1] (ii) disease, noise/no privacy/crime/poor sanitation, not enough food/water/medicines/shelter, camp spreads over farmland/people’s land, resentment of local people, [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0460 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 4 (a) (i) plots for January to March at 26, 27 and 26 all correct = 2, 1/2 correct = 1, [2] (ii) 1, 26, 4500, [3] (iii) rain all year/every month, = 1 wet/wettest September/October to December, driest January/February to July/August, increases from July/August/September to December/end of year, drier in first half of year/wetter in second half, = 1 [2] (b) hot so high evaporation, high rainfall so much water to evaporate, [1] 5 (a) (i) land: flat/gentle/large area/room for expansion, power: wind/oil, transport: water/canal/river/port/dock/harbour/jetty/pipeline, [3] Credit best point given. (ii) to keep the gases away from people, for good/quick dispersal of gases, gases are harmful/toxic, [1] (b) (i) labour/market from town/Brunsbűttel/built up area, railway, canal/port/river, access to North Sea/Baltic Sea, room for expansion, [3] (ii) cheap transport of raw materials/finished products between them, finished products of one are raw materials for another, [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0460 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 6 (a) (i) large farms/over 100 000 hectares/large herd size/232/some more than 2500, provides a large proportion/more than 77% of state’s wealth, [2] (ii) 88–91%, [1] (b) (i) gentle slopes/plain/plateau, flat in foreground, hills/higher/steeper in background, [2] (ii) poor pasture/pasture exhausted/need to allow pasture to recover, [1] (iii) poor/infertile soils, insufficient/unreliable rain, growing season too short, too cold, [2] www.theallpapers.com