Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2013 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 14 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. DC (CW/CGW) 66044/6 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 0 6 6 8 3 5 3 0 3 8 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2 October/November 2013 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 3, and Photograph D for Question 5. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total www.theallpapers.com

2 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 1 Study the map extract, which is for Buffalo Range, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north west part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 77 76 75 73 74 77 56 55 54 53 52 56 55 54 53 52 76 75 E 73 74 A B C D Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following transport features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A; …[1] (ii) the type of road at B; …[1] (iii) features C; …[1] (iv) feature D; …[1] (v) feature E. …[1] www.theallpapers.com

3 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) Fig. 2 shows an area in the north east of the map extract. 77 76 75 74 77 76 75 74 62 61 64 63 60 59 58 62 61 64 63 60 59 58 Fig. 2 (i) In which direction does the main river (Luhlangwalungwe) in this area flow? Circle one correct answer. north west south west north east south east [1] (ii) Describe other features of the drainage in this area. … … … … … …[3] (c) (i) A contour is shown on Fig. 2. What height above sea level is shown by this contour? …[1] (ii) On Fig. 2, mark the position of a quarry. Use the symbol shown in the key on the map extract. [1] www.theallpapers.com

4 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use (d) Fig. 3 shows the location of two hills in the east part of the map extract, Chitsanga Hill and Chipoto Hill. 72 71 70 69 72 71 70 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 64 63 62 64 63 62 Chipoto Chitsanga Fig. 3 (i) Identify the feature at the summit (top) of Chitsanga Hill. …[1] (ii) Give the six figure grid reference of the feature at the summit of Chitsanga Hill. …[1] (iii) Measure the distance in a straight line between the summits of the two hills. Give your answer in metres. …[1] (iv) Measure the bearing from grid north from Chitsanga Hill to Chipoto Hill. … degrees [1] (v) The summit of Chipoto Hill is 640 m above sea level. Which is the higher of the two hills and by how much? …[1] www.theallpapers.com

5 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (e) Study the area of cultivation which covers much of the south of the map extract. (i) Which one of the following statements describes the relief of this area? Tick (✓) one correct answer. Statement Tick (✓) steeply sloping cliffs gently sloping ridge [1] (ii) How have water supplies been developed in the cultivated area? … …[1] (iii) What is the map evidence of power supplies to the cultivated area? … …[1] (iv) What map evidence shows that housing is available for workers? … …[1] [Total: 20 marks] www.theallpapers.com

6 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 2 Fig. 4 shows the percentage of the population aged 0 – 14 in selected countries from 2000 to 2010. 30 2000 2001 2002 2003 Turkey 2004 2005 year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 25 20 15 percentage of population aged 0 – 14 10 0 5 Ireland Germany Sweden Fig. 4 (a) (i) In 2005 29% of the population of Turkey was aged 0 – 14. Complete Fig. 4 by adding this information. [1] (ii) What percentage of the population of Germany was aged 0 – 14 in 2010? … percent [1] (iii) Describe the general changes in the percentage of the population aged 0–14 between 2000 and 2010, shown on Fig. 4. There is no need to use figures in your answer. … … … …[2] www.theallpapers.com

7 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 15 Ireland Sweden Germany 10 birth rate (per 1000 population) 5 0 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 Fig. 5 (b) Fig. 5 shows the birth rates for three of the countries shown on Fig. 4 in 2000 and 2010. Using Fig. 5, state the birth rate of Germany in 2000. …[1] (c) (i) Using Figs 4 and 5, which country is most likely to have fewer young people in the future? Tick (✓) one answer below. Tick (✓) Ireland Sweden Germany [1] (ii) Using Figs 4 and 5, which country is most likely to have the largest percentage of young people in the future? Tick (✓) one answer below. Tick (✓) Ireland Sweden Germany [1] (d) Suggest one advantage for a country of having a large percentage of young people. … …[1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

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9 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 3 Photographs A, B and C (Insert) show three urban areas in Africa. (a) Complete the table below by placing a tick (✓) in the four correct boxes. Use one tick only for each row. Photograph A Photograph B Photograph C None of the photographs high class residential zone industrial zone CBD squatter (informal or shanty) area [4] (b) Describe the buildings shown in Photograph A. … … … … … … … … … …[4] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

10 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 4 Fig. 6 shows cross-sections of two types of volcano, Volcano A and Volcano B. Study Fig. 6 and answer the questions on the opposite page. 1500 metres 8000 metres 15 km 100 km lava ash Volcano A Volcano B Key Fig. 6 www.theallpapers.com

11 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (a) Describe the differences between Volcano A and Volcano B. … … … … … … … … … …[5] (b) Give reasons for the differences that you have described in part (a). … … … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

12 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 5 Photograph D (Insert) shows a coastal area. (a) Identify features W, X, Y and Z shown on Photograph D. Choose from: beach arch stack wave-cut platform cliff spit plateau (i) W ……………………………………. [1] (ii) X ……………………………………. [1] (iii) Y ……………………………………. [1] (iv) Z ……………………………………. [1] www.theallpapers.com

13 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) Explain how feature X was formed. … … … … … … … …[4] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

14 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 6 Fig. 7 gives information about air pollution in Pennsylvania, an industrialised area of the USA. The sources of three air pollutants: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are shown. Carbon monoxide Nitrogen oxides from vehicles Key from power stations from industry from other sources Sulfur dioxide Fig. 7 www.theallpapers.com

15 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use (a) Complete Fig. 7 by adding the following information: 27% of nitrogen oxides came from power stations and 12% came from industry. Use the key provided. [3] (b) Table 1 gives information about the effects of each type of air pollution. Table 1 Pollutant Effect Carbon monoxide (CO) It can reduce the supply of oxygen to the heart, particularly for people suffering from heart disease Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Causes coughing and irritation of the lungs. It increases the acidity of rain Nitrogen oxides including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Cause coughing and irritation of the lungs. They help to form ozone which causes photochemical smog Using information from Fig. 7 and Table 1, explain why the following people may be in favour of reducing emissions from power stations. (i) a doctor; … …[1] (ii) an environmental pressure group. … … … …[2] (c) The government might propose changing power stations to reduce these harmful emissions. Suggest why other people might oppose these changes. … … … …[2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

16 0460/21/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 2 Figs 4 & 5 © adapted: Eurostat ; http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu Question 3 Photograph A D Kelly © UCLES. Question 3 Photograph B D Kelly © UCLES. Question 3 Photograph C D Kelly © UCLES. Question 5 Photograph D D Kelly © UCLES. Question 6 Fig. 7 © adapted: United States Environmental Protection Agency; www.epa.gov Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. www.theallpapers.com

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2013 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2013 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components. www.theallpapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 1 (a) (i) railway, [1] (ii) wide tarred, [1] (iii) track(s)/cut line(s), [1] (iv) canal/narrow gravel (road)/earth, [1] (v) airport/aerodrome landing area, [1] More than one answer = 0. (b) (i) north east, [1] (ii) small rivers/streams, high drainage density/many rivers, tributaries/confluences/affluents, dendritic, tributaries join at acute angles, [3] (c) (i) 400m, [1] (ii) correct position of quarry (two options), [1] (d) (i) trigonometrical station, [1] (ii) 629713, [1] (iii) 4600 – 4850 (metres), [1] (iv) 171 – 173˚, [1] (v) Chipoto by 79/79.1/80 (metres), (also allow 59/59.1/60 metres) [1] (e) (i) gently sloping, [1] (ii) dam(s)/canal(s)/furrow(s), (reservoir, lake = 0) [1] (iii) power line/33kV, [1] (iv) compounds/buildings, [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 2 (a) (i) 29% and line correctly plotted, [1] (ii) 13(%), [1] (iii) (slight) reduction (in number of young)/aging population, occurs in all countries, changes are small/gentle/slight, [2] (b) 9 per thousand, [1] (c) (i) Germany, [1] (ii) Ireland, [1] (d) bigger workforce (for the future), fewer old dependants to support, innovative population, personnel for army, higher income from taxes, more spending power, [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 3 (a) Photograph A Photograph B Photograph C None of the photographs high class residential zone
industrial zone
CBD
squatter (informal or shanty) area
[4] (b) single storey, small, flat/gentle roofs, no/few windows, metal/corrugated sheeting/old/recycled/improvised materials/scrap, in compounds/fenced area, weights/tyres on roofs, chimney out of side, detached/separate buildings, painted/colours, [4] 4 (a) A narrower/B wider, Allow A smaller/B larger if neither of the A shorter/B taller, first two points is made. Also allow pairs of figures. A steeper/B gentler, A concave but B straight slopes, A lava and ash but B just lava/B doesn’t have ash, A two vents/parasitic/secondary cone but B one vent, A no/narrow crater but B broad crater, Allow the last two lines without terms or terms used interchanged if clear. [5] (b) A more viscous lava/runs slower, A possibly more silicic lava/A acid B basic, A andesite/rhyolite B basalt, A lava at lower temperature, A more explosive, A lava solidifies more quickly/cools more quickly, A lava doesn’t flow as far, A less volume of lava/magma, A has blockages, Or emphasis on B [3] www.theallpapers.com

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 5 (a) (i) wave-cut platform, [1] (ii) stack, [1] (iii) cliff, [1] (iv) beach, [1] (b) headland, wave/sea erosion, hydraulic action/abrasion, weakness in rock/cliff, cave(s)/notch(es) eroded/formed, caves join/arch formed, arch collapses, [4] 6 (a) largest segment 96 – 99˚ = 2, largest segment 94 – 101˚ = 1, key correct = 1, Marked independently. [3] (b) (i) reduce/cause lung problems, (allow heart problems) [1] (ii) SO2 causes acid rain, O3/NOx cause (photochemical) smog, [2] (c) changes may be costly (for owners/government), fuel suppliers affected, alternative sources of fuel may not be available, energy prices may rise, alternatives less effective/produce less energy/have specific problem, job losses, local economy suffers, [2] www.theallpapers.com