Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2013 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (KN/SW) 63685/7 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 8 6 7 0 3 5 9 2 2 7 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2 May/June 2013 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:25 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 3. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total www.theallpapers.com

2 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 1 Study the map extract for Petite Rivière, Mauritius. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the south east part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 89 99 98 97 99 98 97 90 91 92 89 90 91 92 E F A B Resr C D Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) the type of road at A; …[1] (ii) feature B; …[1] (iii) the name of river C; …[1] (iv) feature D; …[1] (v) the land use at E; …[1] (vi) feature F. …[1] www.theallpapers.com

3 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) Fig. 2 shows the location of two grid squares in the north of the map extract. These are grid squares 9002 at Petit Verger and 9100 at Petite Rivière. Study the two grid squares and answer the question below. 90 03 02 01 00 03 02 01 00 91 92 90 91 92 Petit Verger Petite Rivière Fig. 2 The table below compares the features of the two grid squares. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Petit Verger (9002) Petite Rivière (9100) Both these areas Neither of these areas Example: sugar plantation ✓ a temple scattered trees or scrub linear settlement nucleated settlement land over 50 metres above sea level [5] www.theallpapers.com

4 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use (c) Fig. 3 is a cross section along northing 99 from the coast at 870990 to 900990. 80 70 60 50 metres above sea level metres above sea level 870990 900990 40 30 20 10 0 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 sugar plantations Fig. 3 On Fig. 3, using labelled arrows, mark the positions of: (i) the Belle Eau river; [1] (ii) the B78 Albion Road; [1] (iii) the Feeder des Cocos river. [1] (d) Look at the straight Simonet Road between Camp Créole Belle Eau (882989) and the road junction at Canot (896973). (i) Measure the distance along this part of the road. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (ii) What is the compass direction along the road from Camp Créole Belle Eau to Canot? …[1] (iii) Look at the heights above sea level of the two places. How much lower is Camp Créole Belle Eau than Canot? Tick one answer below. Tick (✓) 20 m 40 m 80 m 120 m [1] www.theallpapers.com

5 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (e) Suggest advantages and disadvantages that the area has for the development of a tourist industry. In each case, state map evidence. Advantages … … … … … … Disadvantages … … … … … … [3] [Total: 20 marks] www.theallpapers.com

6 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 2 Table 1 shows the weather for Buenos Aires, Argentina, for four days in May 2011. Table 1 Day Maximum temperature (°C) Minimum temperature (°C) Wind direction Wind speed (km/hr) Relative humidity (%) Cloud cover (oktas) Wed 18th 20 13 SW 9 76 3 Thur 19th 21 15 S 12 71 0 Fri 20th 18 16 SE 9 88 8 Sat 21st 19 16 SW 8 73 8 (a) Name the weather instruments used to measure the following: (i) wind direction; …[1] (ii) wind speed; …[1] (iii) humidity. …[1] (b) (i) On which of the four days was the daily (diurnal) temperature range largest? …[1] (ii) Describe the relationship between maximum temperatures and cloud cover shown in Table 1. … … … … …[2] www.theallpapers.com

7 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) Rainfall data is not shown in Table 1. Rainfall data can be collected using the instrument shown in Fig. 4 below. 1 0 3 0 5 0 7 0 9 0 30 cms short grass funnel collecting bottle measuring cylinder Fig. 4 Explain how the design of the instrument shown in Fig. 4 stops the following errors occurring: (i) raindrops splashing into the instrument making the readings too high; … … …[1] (ii) water evaporating in the instrument making the readings too low. … … …[1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

8 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 3 Photographs A, B and C (Insert) show the agriculture of three areas in Africa with low rainfall. For each of A, B and C, describe the features of the agriculture seen in the photograph. Photograph A … … … … … … … … … Photograph B … … … … … … … … … www.theallpapers.com

9 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use Photograph C … … … … … … … … … [8] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

10 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 4 (a) Fig. 5 is a map showing the intensity (strength) of a weak earthquake in England, in April 2007. Table 2 shows the effects of earthquakes of different intensities. intensity value Key 0 20 km 4 N 5 5 5 3 3 6 sea sea sea 2 5 5 4 4 London 4 4 4 Fig. 5 Table 2 Intensity value Description of effects 1 Not normally felt. Birds and animals uneasy 2 Felt only by a few people at rest 3 Vibrations like a large truck passing. Felt by most people at rest 4 Felt by people moving. Cars rock 5 Sleepers wakened. Some windows broken. Furniture moves 6 Small bells ring. Trees sway. Loose objects fall 7 Difficult to stand up. People run outdoors. Walls crack 8 Partial collapse of buildings. Chimneys fall (i) On Fig. 5, label the likely position of the epicentre of the earthquake with the letter E. [1] (ii) On Fig. 5, draw a line to show the boundary between the area of intensity 4 and the area of intensity 5. [1] (iii) State one likely effect of the earthquake in London. … …[1] www.theallpapers.com

11 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) Earthquakes stronger than the one in England in 2007 can have intensities of 9, 10, 11 and 12. Their effects are described below but the table is not in the correct order. Complete the table by adding the intensity values. Use one number (9, 10, 11 or 12) for each row. Description of effects Intensity value Bridges destroyed. Many buildings destroyed Total destruction. Ground surface rises and falls in waves Ground cracks. Buildings move slightly. Pipes break Landslides. Some buildings destroyed [2] (c) (i) Which one of the following will increase the damage caused by an earthquake? Tick one box below. Tick (✓) The focus of the earthquake is deep beneath the surface The earthquake releases a small amount of energy Buildings are on hard rock like granite Buildings are on sand and clay [1] (ii) Which one of the following will increase the number of deaths caused by an earthquake? Tick one box below. Tick (✓) Population density is low Buildings have been designed to withstand earthquakes Schools have regular earthquake drills The country has had few previous earthquakes to learn from [1] (iii) One possible effect of an earthquake is a tsunami. Which one of the following best describes a tsunami? Tick one box below. Tick (✓) A tsunami is a giant ocean wave which is caused by tides A tsunami gets smaller as it travels into shallower water A tsunami can take hours to travel across an ocean and it is possible to provide warnings A tsunami does not affect lowlands next to the coast [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

12 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 5 Fig. 6 compares the production of nuclear energy in Asia and Australasia with world production. 500 0 1990 1995 2000 year 2007 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 500 0 1000 1500 nuclear energy production (billion kilowatt hours) nuclear energy production (billion kilowatt hours) 2000 2500 3000 World Asia and Australasia Key Fig. 6 (a) In 2007, the world produced 2600 billion kilowatt hours of nuclear energy and Asia and Australasia produced 500 billion kilowatt hours. Plot this information on Fig. 6. [2] (b) Fig. 7 shows the production of nuclear energy in some countries in Asia and Australasia. nuclear energy production (billion kilowatt hours) 0 1990 1995 2000 year 2007 100 200 300 Japan South Korea Taiwan India China Fig. 7 www.theallpapers.com

13 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use Which country: (i) decreased its production of nuclear energy between 2000 and 2007; …[1] (ii) produced least since 1995; …[1] (iii) had the greatest increase in production between 2000 and 2007? …[1] (c) Nuclear power is a controversial topic. Fig. 8 describes some of the reasons why. Nuclear power stations The radioactive waste from nuclear power stations remains a health hazard for hundreds of thousands of years, requires careful storage and is difficult to dispose of safely. The raw material used is uranium ore. This will not run out for hundreds or even thousands of years and it does not produce carbon dioxide or acid rain. The cost of building nuclear power stations and shutting down old ones is very high. Very small amounts of uranium are needed to produce large amounts of energy. There have been serious incidents at nuclear power stations, leading to leaks of radioactivity. Radioactivity is a known cause of serious diseases. The Sendai earthquake in Japan in March 2011 caused an explosion and leakage of radioactive material at the Fukushima nuclear plant. This raised questions about the safety of nuclear plants in earthquake zones. However, the safety record of nuclear power stations has improved and the industry is highly regulated in most countries. Nuclear power stations produce material which can be used as the raw material for nuclear weapons. Fig. 8 Using information from Fig. 8 only, explain why a country might choose to develop nuclear power. … … … … … … … … … … [3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

14 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 6 New Zealand has 16 regions, 9 on North Island and 7 on South Island. Fig. 9 shows the changes in population caused by migration between these regions. 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 thousands of people decrease increase 2 4 6 8 10 0 Southland West Coast Nelson Manawatu-Wanganui Taranaki Hawke’s Bay Gisborne Auckland Otago Canterbury Marlborough Tasman Wellington Bay of Plenty Waikato Northland Fig. 9 (a) (i) State the number of regions with a decrease in population caused by migration. …[1] (ii) The Bay of Plenty Region had an increase in population caused by migration of 6000. Plot this information on Fig. 9. [1] (b) Fig. 10 (opposite) shows the location of the 16 regions on the north and south islands of New Zealand and Tables 3A and 3B (opposite) give information about population migration between the regions. Using this information, describe the population migration in the following areas of South Island. (i) The west coast … … (ii) The east coast … … www.theallpapers.com

15 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use (iii) The north coast … … … …[4] Fig. 10 Population migration: North Island Table 3A Region Decrease caused by migration (thousands) Increase caused by migration (thousands) 1 Northland 1.5 2 Auckland 16.7 3 Waikato 5.4 4 Bay of Plenty 6.0 5 Gisborne 1.5 6 Hawke’s Bay 0.8 7 Taranaki 2.2 8 Manawatu- Wanganui 2.7 9 Wellington 0.6 Total 23.9 13.5 Population migration: South Island Table 3B Region Decrease caused by migration (thousands) Increase caused by migration (thousands) 10 Tasman 3.8 11 Nelson 2.6 12 Marlborough 0.4 13 West Coast 0.4 14 Canterbury 8.1 15 Otago 4.5 16 Southland 2.4 Total 5.4 16.8 (c) Has there been an overall movement of population from South Island to North Island? Give evidence from Tables 3A and 3B to support your answer. … … … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] Tasman Sea 400 0 km N 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 North Island South Island www.theallpapers.com

16 0460/21/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 Photographs A, B & C D Kelly © UCLES. Question 4 Fig. 5 © www.bgs.ac.uk/earthquakes Question 5 Figs 6 & 7 © http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/data.cfm Question 6 Figs 9 & 10 © www.stats.govt.nz Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE www.theallpapers.com

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2013 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2013 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components. www.theallpapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 1 (a) (i) main A/A/A3 (main = 0) [1] (ii) reservoir [1] (iii) (Feeder des) Cocos [1] (iv) dam [1] (v) sugar [1] (vi) (trace of) old railway/light railway [1] mark the first given (b) Petit Verger (9002) Petite Rivière (9100) Both these areas Neither of these areas a temple
scattered trees or scrub
linear settlement
nucleated settlement
land over 50 metres above sea level
[5] (c) (i) correct position of the Belle Eau river 32–39 mm from left [1] (ii) correct position of the B78 Albion Road 50–53mm from left [1] (iii) correct position of the Feeder des Cocos river 66–69mm from left [1] (d) (i) 2100–2200 (metres) (ii) south east (iii) 80m www.theallpapers.com

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 (e) Advantages: sand/beaches cliff scenery coral reef developed e.g. for trips, beauty etc. little settlement therefore quiet space for development main road access workforce from settlements Disadvantages: lack of built attractions/cultural landmarks no hotels lack of roads along coast quarry/prison/poultry farm not scenic reserve one mark for each part [3] 2 (a) (i) wind vane/weather vane [1] (ii) anemometer [1] (iii) hygrometer wet and dry bulb thermometers [1] (b) (i) Wednesday 18th [1] (ii) less cloud = higher temperatures/more cloud = lower temperatures (at least one part needs to be comparative) Wed 18 and Thur 19 low cloud and high temperatures Fri 20 and Sat 21 cloudy and low temperatures 20 degrees or more = 3 otkas or less 19 degrees or less = 8 oktas Must group days for last four points and not quote figures for single days units not needed [2] (c) (i) on grass rim 30cm/(high) above ground [1] (ii) collecting bottle enclosed/narrow neck collecting bottle below ground [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 3 Photograph A small scale/small plots rectangular plots basins/ditches/flooded areas (water) pipe/tube hoe/mattock/digging tool/hand tool/simple tool vegetables/green crops/cabbage fenced dry area therefore irrigation Photograph B large scale/large plots canal/river for irrigation crops in rows greenhouses/covered areas Photograph C sheep/goats/cattle scrub/bushes/shrubs bare ground/barren/sparse vegetation fenced/enclosed/paddocks Reserve one mark for each photograph [8] 4 (a) (i) position of epicentre within intensity 6 area or adjacent sea [1] (all of E in correct area) (ii) line drawn between 4s and 5s [1] (iii) felt (only) by a few/some people (at rest) birds and animals uneasy [1] (b) 11, 12, 9, 10 all correct = 2 2 correct = 1 [2] (c) (i) buildings are on sand and clay [1] (ii) country has had few previous earthquakes to learn from [1] (iii) a tsunami can take hours to travel across an ocean [1] 5 (a) correct plot and shading for world correct plot and shading for Asia and Oceania shadings missed or reversed = 1 [2] (b) (i) Japan [1] (ii) India [1] (iii) China [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0460 21 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 (c) uranium ore will not run out for a long time/hundreds of years (therefore sustainable) does not produce carbon dioxide/acid rain therefore not polluting/ not contributing to greenhouse gases/not harmful to environment small amounts of uranium are needed (therefore cheap/sustainable) safety records of nuclear power stations has improved the industry is highly-regulated in most countries therefore safer raw materials for nuclear weapons [3] 6 (a) (i) 8 [1] (ii) correct plot of 6 for Bay of Plenty [1] (b) (i) lost population/population decrease/population increase if clear that Tasman included e.g West Coast and Southland (ii) gained population/population increase e.g. Canterbury and Otago (iii) no overall pattern overall increase Tasman/Malborough increased Nelson decreased reserve one mark for each part [4] (c) no/no overall movement from south to north/north has lost and south has gained/ movement is north to south/it is the reverse north has lost 10.4 south has gained 11.4 (allow without thousand) north: 5 regions lost population and 4 gained south: 4 regions gained population and 3 lost population [2] www.theallpapers.com