Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2012 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (NH/SW) 47613/4 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 8 1 5 1 5 7 7 0 6 0 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2 May/June 2012 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total www.theallpapers.com

2 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use 1 Study the map extract, which is for Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Study the main settlement at Chinhoyi, in the south of the map extract. Name six services or functions found at the settlement. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … [3] (b) Fig. 1 shows the location of three hills, Kanami, Baruka and King Peak, in the south west part of the map extract. Find these hills on the map extract and answer the questions on the opposite page. BARUKA KANAMI KING PEAK 83 82 81 80 79 78 83 82 81 80 79 78 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Fig. 1 www.theallpapers.com

3 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (i) What is at the summit (highest point) of each hill shown in Fig. 1? …[1] (ii) What is the compass direction of King Peak from Kanami Hill? …[1] (iii) Measure the distance between the summit of Kanami Hill and the summit of Baruka Hill. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (iv) Give the six figure grid reference of the summit of King Peak. … metres [1] (v) Complete the table below to show the height above sea level of the summit of Baruka Hill. Hill Summit height Kanami 1331.8 metres King Peak 1356.2 metres Baruka [1] (c) Fig. 2 is a cross section drawn along northing 84 from 950840 to 020840. 1300 1200 1100 950840 Harmony Hall 020840 1300 1200 1100 metres above sea level Fig. 2 (i) On Fig. 2, using labelled arrows, mark the positions of: A the Hunyani Range; B a hill slope facing west. [2] (ii) Parts of the cross section are shown by a dotted line. What is the land use in these areas? …[1] www.theallpapers.com

4 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use (d) Fig. 3 shows the location of two grid squares in the south east part of the map extract. These are grid squares 0380 at Fernlea and 0680 at Hunyani. FERNLEA HUNYANI 82 78 81 80 79 82 78 81 80 79 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Fig. 3 The table below compares the features of the two grid squares. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Fernlea (0380) Hunyani (0680) Both of these areas Neither of these areas Example: dip tank ✓ railway huts and buildings power line river flowing west wide tarred road [5] www.theallpapers.com

5 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (e) Look at the Hunyani River in the east of the map extract. Describe the natural features of the river and its channel. You should not refer to the land on either side of the river. … … … … … … … … … … … …[4] [Total: 20 marks] www.theallpapers.com

6 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use 2 A student was researching the tropical rainforests of Africa on the internet. She found two maps, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, which showed the distribution of these rainforests. N 0 1000 km tropical rainforest Key latitude 10° S 10° N 0° 10° S N 0 1000 km tropical rainforest Key latitude 10° S 10° N 0° 10° S Distribution of tropical rainforest Distribution of tropical rainforest Fig. 4 Fig. 5 (a) (i) Describe the distribution of tropical rainforests shown on Fig. 4. … … … … … … …[3] (ii) Suggest two reasons why the two maps that the student found, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, showed slightly different distributions. 1 … … 2 … …[2] www.theallpapers.com

7 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) Explain how each of the following features of tropical rainforest vegetation is related to the climate: (i) rapid growth; … … …[1] (ii) leaves with drip tips; … … …[1] (iii) evergreen forest. … … …[1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

8 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use 3 Photograph A (Insert), shows the landscape of an area in Europe. (a) Describe the physical features of the area shown in Photograph A. … … … … … … … … … … … … …[5] www.theallpapers.com

9 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) The rocks shown in the photograph have been weathered by freeze-thaw action. Draw a labelled diagram (or diagrams) to explain how this type of weathering happens. [3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

10 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use 4 Fig. 6 shows settlements in a rural area. N 100 120 140 200 180 160 120 100 140 200 0 metres 120 main road buildings bridge contours (metres) Key streams and rivers Fig. 6 (a) On Fig. 6, use the letter indicated to mark the position of an area of: (i) dispersed settlement (D); [1] (ii) linear settlement (L); [1] (iii) nucleated settlement (N). [1] www.theallpapers.com

11 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) Look at the settlement in the centre of Fig. 6. Explain how the site and position of this settlement have been influenced by each of the following factors: (i) transport and accessibility; … … …[1] (ii) water supply; … … …[1] (iii) relief and drainage. … … … … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

12 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use 5 High technology industries use or make products such as silicon chips, software, robots and aerospace components. Fig. 7 gives information about Ottawa, Canada’s main high technology centre. High technology industries in Ottawa, Canada High technology industries have developed rapidly in Ottawa in the past 20 years. Ottawa has two universities which are famous for science and engineering and have strong links to the newly developing industries. In addition, the area also has government funded laboratories, such as the Atomic Energy of Canada laboratory. Many of the high technology industries have links to these organisations. Some high technology companies began with help from government grants and rely on government contracts for work. As well as government help, the region has good access to financial institutions which has been vital in providing the start-up costs of many new companies. Ottawa is a very pleasant place to live which helps firms attract highly skilled workers. Fig. 7 (a) The table below shows some of the factors which can affect the location of industry. Using information from Fig. 7 only, which of these four factors have been important in the development of high technology industries in Ottawa? Tick only four boxes in the table below. Factor Tick raw materials energy supplies finance cheap labour unskilled labour research facilities large flat sites water supply government influence quality of life [4] www.theallpapers.com

13 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) The number of high technology companies in the Ottawa area has increased greatly as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 Year Number of companies 1997 900 2002 1400 2007 1800 Using the graph paper below, draw a bar graph to show the information given in Table 1. Choose an appropriate scale and label this clearly. Label the three years. [4] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

14 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use 6 Fig. 8 is a map giving information about water supply in the western USA. N 1000 mm 500 mm 250 mm Los Angeles San Francisco Pacific Ocean San Diego Hoover Dam Bakersfield Fresno Friant Dam Folsom Dam Sacramento Oroville Dam Shasta Dam Las Vegas Parker Dam 0 km 200 500 large urban area Key large river dam canal for water transfer other urban areas Sierra Nevada mountains annual rainfall (mm) Fig. 8 (a) (i) There is a high demand for water in the area shown on Fig. 8, therefore several storage dams have been built. What is the evidence, shown on Fig. 8, for a high demand for water in the area? … …[1] (ii) Storage dams have been built because the supply of water was limited. What evidence, shown on Fig. 8, suggests that the area had a limited water supply? … …[1] www.theallpapers.com

15 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 For Examiner’s Use (b) Fig. 8 shows the locations of some of the storage dams. (i) Suggest two advantages of the locations of these dams. 1 … … 2 … …[2] (ii) Suggest one disadvantage of the location of the dams. … …[1] (c) Some of the urban areas shown on Fig. 8 are supplied with water by canals (artificial channels) which transfer water to where it is needed. Using evidence from Fig. 8, suggest disadvantages of using this method of water supply for some of the urban areas. … … … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

16 0460/21/M/J/12 © UCLES 2012 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 Photograph A D A Kelly © UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. www.theallpapers.com

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2012 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2012 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.theallpapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0460 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 1 (a) school/education motel golf course club hospital/medical hotel substation/power line/power/electricity police station post office reservoir/dam railway 2 functions = 1 mark [3] (b) (i) trigonometrical station/point/pillar [1] (ii) north east [1] (iii) 4000 – 4200 (metres) [1] (iv) 979826/7 [1] (v) 1370.7 metres (allow 1320.7) [1] (c) (i) correct position of Hunyani Range correct position of hill slope facing west (4 options) [2] (ii) cultivation [1] (d) More than one tick per row = 0 [5] Fernlea (0380) Hunyani (0680) Both these areas Neither of these areas railway
huts and buildings
power line
river flowing west
wide tarred road
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Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0460 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 (e) straight sections meanders/bends islands/braiding rapids, (rapids and waterfall = 0) wide/100m–300m variable width flows N/NNE/NE tributaries gentle gradient [4] 2 (a) (i) along the Equator/0º between 10º N and 3–10º S on west (coast) named country more north of equator coastal [3] (ii) different dates deforestation has occurred different degrees of accuracy different definitions of TRF different survey methods/done by different people [2] (b) (i) hot wet climate (encourages growth) [1] (ii) sheds heavy rainfall from leaves (therefore transpiration can continue) [1] (iii) no seasons therefore continuous growth no dry/cold season therefore no need to lose leaves (at same time) no seasons therefore trees lose leaves at different times [1] 3 (a) upland/mountains/high cliffs/crags steep slopes scree/rocks/rocky bare rock/lack of vegetation/lack of soil/sparse vegetation light coloured rocks ridge/escarpment/arête (on right) valley/lower ground (on left) patches of vegetation in foreground/on left/on lower ground/in valley small lake/pool/pond [5] (b) water in cracks in rock freezes expands repeated action cracks widen/deepen/rocks shatter [3] www.theallpapers.com

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0460 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 4 (a) (i) correct location of D [1] (ii) correct location of L [1] (iii) correct location of N [1] (b) (i) bridge (point) road junction/roads meet [1] (ii) river/stream (to provide water) [1] (iii) on gentle slopes *therefore well-drained *therefore easy to build avoids upper/steep slopes not on/above the level of the flood plain/valley floor will not flood south facing *warmer/sunnier *as development only [3] 5 (a) finance research facilities government influence quality of life Reduce mark awarded by one for every tick more than four. [1] (b) vertical axis: labelled “number of companies” vertical axis: appropriate scale labelled – should start at zero unless break is indicated horizontal axis: has 3 years labelled accurate plotting of three bars Axes reversed max 2 (lines 1 and 4) [4] www.theallpapers.com

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2012 0460 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 6 (a) (i) large urban areas/100 km across/big cities 7 urban areas 2 named urban areas from the main four [1] (ii) low rainfall/mostly < 500 mm/as low as 250 mm [1] lack of rain alone = 0 (b) (i) on large rivers in wetter areas in mountains therefore wetter in mountains therefore good dam sites [2] (ii) distant from urban areas [1] (c) expense of canal construction/maintenance uses the water supply of other areas potential environmental effects max 2 supplies come from an already dry area Los Angeles and San Diego have 300 – 600 km transfers may require pumping may be evaporation losses may be leakage losses [3] www.theallpapers.com