Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2011 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 14 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. DC (NF/SW) 32304/3 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 7 4 4 4 3 6 8 2 8 9 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2 May/June 2011 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 3 and Photograph D for Question 4. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.theallpapers.com

2 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 1 Study the map extract which is for Esigodini, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the south east part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions on the opposite page. 04 05 06 07 08 04 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 49 A G F B E C D 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 05 06 07 08 Fig. 1 www.theallpapers.com

3 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A; … [1] (ii) the type of road at B; … [1] (iii) the settlement pattern in area C; … [1] (iv) feature D; … [1] (v) feature E; … [1] (vi) the name of river F; … [1] (vii) feature G. … [1] (b) The names of mines are shown on the map extract in red letters. Find the Richardsons mine and the Alice mine. (i) State the four figure grid reference of the Richardsons mine. … [1] (ii) State the compass direction of the Alice mine from the Richardsons mine. … [1] www.theallpapers.com

4 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use (c) Fig. 2 shows the area of the settlement at Esigodini. 01 02 03 04 01 02 03 04 57 56 55 54 57 56 55 54 Fig. 2 (i) Name three services or functions found in the area shown on Fig. 2. 1 … 2 … 3 … [3] (ii) Give reasons for the growth of the settlement shown on Fig. 2. … … … … … … … … [3] www.theallpapers.com

5 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (d) Fig. 3 shows the area around Sikhoveni Hill. 52 51 50 52 51 50 97 98 99 00 01 97 98 99 00 01 SIKHOVENI Rosalind Fig. 3 Describe the relief and drainage of this area. Relief … … … … … … … Drainage … … … … … [5] [Total: 20 marks] www.theallpapers.com

6 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 2 Figs 4A, 4B and 4C show population pyramids for three different countries in 2010: Niger, Bangladesh and Country X. Study the population pyramids and answer the questions on the opposite page. 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 Population (in millions) Niger 0.5 1.0 1.5 0–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80+ Age Male Female Population (in millions) Bangladesh Age Male Female 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 0–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80+ Fig. 4A Fig. 4B Population (in millions) Country X Age Male Female 0–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80–84 85–89 90–94 95–99 100+ 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 Fig. 4C www.theallpapers.com

7 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (a) State the populations of: (i) females aged 0–4 in Niger; … million [1] (ii) females aged 20–24 in Bangladesh. … million [1] (b) What evidence shown on Fig. 4A suggests that Niger has: (i) a high birth rate; … … [1] (ii) a high death rate in 0–30 year olds? … … [1] (c) Which one of the three countries has the largest population aged between 0 and 30? … [1] (d) Bangladesh has a major birth control programme. (i) What evidence on Fig. 4B shows that this is having an effect? … … [1] (ii) When did this start to work? … [1] (e) The population pyramid for Country X (Fig. 4C) has a very uneven shape, showing that the numbers in each age group vary a lot. Suggest one reason for this. … … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

8 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 BLANK PAGE www.theallpapers.com

9 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 3 Photographs A, B and C (Insert) show three coastlines in Scotland (part of the UK). At each coastline, deposition is taking place. (a) Complete Table 1 below by placing a tick (✓) in the five correct boxes. Use one tick only for each feature. Table 1 Photograph A Photograph B Photograph C None of the photographs rocky beach sand dunes arch wave-cut platform bar [5] (b) Study Photograph A. Explain how the wind has helped to form this landscape. … … … … … … … … [3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

10 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 4 The island of Heimaey lies in the North Atlantic Ocean. In 1973 Heimaey suffered major volcanic eruptions. Fig. 5 is a map of the island in 1960. Fig. 6 is a map of the island in 1974. Photograph D (Insert) was taken on the island in 2008. sea sea harbour town N 0 km 1 volcanic cone Key Map of Heimaey 1960 airstrip Fig. 5 Map of Heimaey 1974 sea sea harbour town N 0 km 1 volcanic cone Key Helgafell airstrip Eldfell Fig. 6 www.theallpapers.com

11 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (a) Using Figs 5 and 6, describe how the following features on Heimaey have changed between 1960 and 1974: (i) the size of the town; … [1] (ii) the total area of the island; … [1] (iii) the airstrip; … … [1] (iv) the harbour and the harbour entrance. … … … … … [2] (b) Study Photograph D (Insert), which was taken close to the summit of Eldfell in 2008, and Figs 5 and 6. (i) In which compass direction was the camera facing? … [1] (ii) Look at the lava flows labelled on Photograph D. Label the position of these lava flows on Fig. 6 using the letter L. [1] (iii) What was the area you have labelled in (b)(ii) used for in 1960? … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

12 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 5 (a) Fig. 7 gives information about electricity production in Italy. Energy sources used in power stations other hydro coal oil gas Key Fig. 7 (i) 54% of electricity is generated from gas and 12% from oil. Add this information to Fig. 7. Use the key provided [1] (ii) What percentage of electricity is generated from coal? …% [1] (b) Fig. 8 (below) and Fig. 9 (opposite) give further information about energy supplies in Italy. Energy consumption in Italy 2007 0 50 100% oil gas coal produced in Italy imported Key Fig. 8 www.theallpapers.com

13 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use Energy sources used in Italy Italy imports oil and gas by ship to ports such as Brindisi and by the network of pipelines across the Mediterranean Sea. These imports could be increased but there are concerns about rising oil prices and over-dependence on imported supplies. No coal was produced in Italy in 2007; however the country has coal reserves in the Sulcis area of Sardinia. In July 2009, environmental activists protested about Italy’s largest coal fired power station in Brindisi. This was a protest about global warming as a result of greenhouse gases from coal fired power stations. Italy is the only major industrialised nation without its own nuclear power supplies. Production was phased out following a public consultation in 1987. This followed the major pollution incident at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine. There is evidence for a change in public opinion, especially among younger people, because nuclear power does not produce greenhouse gases. In May 2008 the Italian government announced that it will begin building new nuclear power stations in the next five years. Fig. 9 Italy wants to increase electricity supplies. Using information from Figs 8 and 9 only, give one advantage and one disadvantage of choosing each of the following types of power station. Oil and gas fired power stations Advantage … … [1] Disadvantage … … [1] Coal fired power stations Advantage … … [1] Disadvantage … … [1] Nuclear power stations Advantage … … [1] Disadvantage … … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

14 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 6 The Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan had 41% of the Japanese vehicle market in 2007 but sold its vehicles in every continent. (a) Fig. 10 shows Toyota’s share of the European market. 0 2 1 3 4 market share (%) market share (%) 5 6 7 0 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Fig. 10 (i) Compare the size of Toyota’s European and Japanese markets. … … [1] (ii) Describe the pattern of change in Toyota’s share of the European market as shown on Fig. 10. … … [1] (b) Fig. 11 shows the organisation of the vehicle manufacturing industry and Fig. 12 shows the locations of the Toyota vehicle industry in Europe. Stage 1 production of raw materials Stage 2 manufacture of parts (components) Stage 4 marketing and distribution Stage 3 car manufacture (assembly of components) Stage 5 sales, service and parts Fig. 11 www.theallpapers.com

15 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use X1 Derby car manufacturing X2 Deeside engine factory marketing centre Key X3 Valenciennes car manufacturing X4 Jelcz-Laskowice engine factory X5 TMIP car manufacturing X6 Caetano car manufacturing X7 Adapazari car manufacturing X8 Kolin car manufacturing X9 St Petersburg car manufacturing 1 Grimsby distribution centre 2 Zeebrugge distribution centre X1 X6 km 0 500 X8 X4 X7 X9 X5 X2 X3 2 1 N Fig. 12 (i) Use Figs 11 and 12 to complete Table 2. Place only one tick (✓) in each row. Location Stage 1 2 3 4 5 Deeside Kolin Zeebrugge [3] Table 2 (ii) Describe the distribution of the marketing centres shown on Fig. 12. Suggest one reason for this distribution. … … … [2] (c) Suggest why Toyota has chosen to manufacture vehicles in Europe. … … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

16 0460/21/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 2 Figs 4A, 4B and 4C © Guinness & Nagle; IGCSE Geography; Hodder; 2009. Question 6 Fig. 12 © Data; Toyota Website. Photographs A, B, C & D © D A Kelly © UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. www.theallpapers.com

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.theallpapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 1 (a) (i) railway/siding/Mulungwane Siding [1] (ii) wide tarred [1] (iii) linear/in a line [1] (iv) power line [1] (v) quarry/excavation [1] (vi) Mludu [1] (vii) trigonometrical station/pillar [1] Mark first answer given. (b) (i) 9957 [1] (ii) south east [1] (c) (i) sports field police station/security post office district administration office mission cemetery golf course reservoir/water supply railway/station [3] (ii) (centre of) mining (area) road junction/route centre railway (station) water supply from reservoirs/dam/river/watercourse local government many services/service centre for surrounding area gently sloping land [3] (d) steep slopes small valleys many valleys ridge 1220–1403m high/upland small streams/rivers/water courses many streams/high drainage density flow north and south dam/lake [5] Reserve 1 for drainage. www.theallpapers.com

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 2 (a) (i) 1 (million) [1] (ii) 6 (million) [1] (b) (i) large number of children/young wide base [1] (ii) rapid decrease in numbers with age pyramid gets thinner quickly [1] (c) Bangladesh [1] (d) (i) smaller numbers of babies/young children/ 0–9 year olds than older groups thin base then wider above [1] (ii) 5–13 years ago/1997–2005 [1] (e) famine war migrations baby boom economic fluctuations government policies [1] 3 (a) Photograph A Photograph B Photograph C None of the photographs rocky beach
sand dunes
arch
wave-cut platform
bar
More than one tick per row = 0 [5] (b) onshore wind picks up sand from beach/blows sand from the beach at low tide carried inland deposition/accumulation assisted by vegetation If describing water action max 1. [3] www.theallpapers.com

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 4 (a) (i) decreased [1] (ii) increased [1] (iii) runway added cross-shape formed [1] (iv) (main part) unaltered further from sea/channel formed/more enclosed/entrance narrower, more sheltered [2] (b) (i) north west [1] (ii) correct position of L [1] (iii) housing/buildings/part of town [1] 5 (a) (i) correct angles and labelling gas = 192–196°, oil = 41–45° [1] (ii) 15–18 (%) [1] (b) Oil/gas imports could be increased ships/pipelines in place source across Mediterranean Sea [1] rising prices dependence on imports [1] Coal coalfield in Sardinia/Sulcis/Italy could be used [1] environmental concerns/air pollution/global warming/greenhouse gases political opposition [1] Nuclear does not produce greenhouse gases/global warming/harmful gases public opinion now more favourable [1] concerns about pollution/meltdown/repeat of Chernobyl public/political opposition [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 6 (a) (i) European smaller/quantified [1] (ii) increase in every year/continuous increase [1] (b) (i) Stage Location 1 2 3 4 5 Deeside
Kolin
Zeebrugge
[3] (ii) even distribution/one per country better access to market (allow various expressions) [2] (c) skilled labour cheap labour government support sites available component supply effect of EU tariffs import tariffs/less tax on imported components large/rich market/market in MEDCs reduce transport costs on vehicles imported from Japan [1] www.theallpapers.com