Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2011 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (NF/SW) 32312/5 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 9 8 4 4 5 3 7 7 0 5 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/22 Paper 2 May/June 2011 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 4. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.theallpapers.com

2 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 1 Study the map extract which is for Great Riversdale Estates, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north east part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. 82 83 84 85 86 87 82 74 83 84 85 86 87 73 72 71 70 74 73 72 71 70 A E C D B Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) the type of road at A; … [1] (ii) the land use in area B; … [1] (iii) feature C; … [1] (iv) features D; … [1] (v) the type of land in area E. … [1] www.theallpapers.com

3 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) Study the area of orchard or plantation, shown by rows of small green squares, in the south east corner of the map extract. (i) Which one of the following statements describes the relief of this area? Tick (✓) one correct answer in Table 1 below. Table 1 Statement Tick (✓) steeply sloping a ridge gently sloping a spur [1] (ii) What is the map evidence of water supplies for the orchard or plantation? … … [1] (iii) What is the map evidence of power supplies to the orchard or plantation? … … [1] (iv) What map evidence shows that housing is available for workers? … … [1] (v) How can the crops be transported away from the orchard or plantation? State the map evidence. … … [1] www.theallpapers.com

4 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use (c) Find the point where the narrow tarred road crosses the railway in Jumbo Reserve. (i) State the six figure grid reference of this point. … [1] (ii) State the direction from the point in (c)(i) to Foyle Estate (8165). … [1] (iii) Measure the compass bearing from the point in (c)(i) to where the railway meets the southern edge of the map. Tick one correct answer in Table 2 below. Table 2 Answer Tick (✓) 33° 205° 213° 220° [1] (d) The following table gives information about land use in the area of the map extract. Complete Table 3 below by adding one tick for each row. Table 3 Type of land steep slopes gentle slopes next to rivers Land use cultivation seasonal marsh dense bush [3] www.theallpapers.com

5 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (e) Fig. 2 shows an area in the north west of the map extract. 73 74 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 72 71 70 69 73 74 72 71 70 69 Murowodzi M a r a s awu t a Fig. 2 Describe the drainage of this area. … … … … … … … … [4] [Total: 20 marks] www.theallpapers.com

6 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 2 Table 4 gives information about employment in three countries. Table 4 Country Percentage of employment primary industry secondary industry tertiary industry Australia 4 21 75 Malaysia 13 36 51 Bangladesh 63 11 26 (a) State one example of a: (i) primary industry; … [1] (ii) secondary industry; … [1] (iii) tertiary industry … [1] (b) Use information from Table 4 to complete Fig. 3 below. Use the key provided. [3] Australia Malaysia Bangladesh primary Key secondary tertiary % of employment 50 0 100 Fig. 3 www.theallpapers.com

7 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) As a country becomes more economically developed over time, the employment structure changes. Fig. 4 shows how this might occur. 100 80 60 40 20 0 Bangladesh % of employment time tertiary secondary primary tertiary secondary primary Fig. 4 Using information from Table 4, plot Australia (an MEDC) and Malaysia on Fig. 4. Bangladesh (an LEDC) has already been done for you. [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

8 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 3 (a) Fig. 5 shows how the total population of the world has changed. 1600 1700 1800 year world population (millions) 1900 1000 0 2000 3000 5000 6000 7000 4000 2000 Fig. 5 Describe the changes shown by Fig. 5. … … … … [2] (b) Fig. 6 (opposite) shows the percentage of the population over the age of 60 in six countries with large populations. (i) Which country shown on Fig. 6: had the largest percentage of over-60s in 2005; … will have the greatest increase in percentage of over-60s? … [2] (ii) Suggest one problem the changes shown on Fig. 6 will cause for the governments of the countries. … … … [1] www.theallpapers.com

9 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use Percentage of the population over the age of 60 2005 8.8 25 2050 Brazil Nigeria Indonesia Japan China USA 2005 4 8.6 12.2 38 2050 2005 2050 26.3 41.7 2005 2050 10.9 31 2005 2050 2005 16.7 26.4 2050 Fig. 6 (c) Fig. 7 shows the current population growth rate and life expectancy of the same countries. 0 0 1 2 growth rate (%) life expectancy (years) 3 20 40 60 80 100 Nigeria Indonesia Brazil China Japan Nigeria Indonesia Brazil China Japan Fig. 7 (i) USA has a life expectancy of 78 and a population growth rate of 1%. Plot this information on Fig. 7. [1] (ii) Describe the relationship, shown on Fig. 7, between life expectancy and growth rate. … … [1] (iii) State one other factor, apart from life expectancy, which affects population growth rate. … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

10 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 4 Photograph A (Insert), shows a river channel and the surrounding area. Fig. 8 shows a student’s field sketch of the same area. Fig. 8 (a) (i) On Fig. 8, use the correct letter to show the position of: a place in the channel where erosion occurs (E); a place in the channel where deposition occurs (D); the flood plain (F). [3] (ii) On Fig. 8, sketch a likely future position of the channel. [1] www.theallpapers.com

11 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) The student investigated the processes of river transport. The paragraph below is part of the student’s field notes. Using Photograph A, complete the paragraph using four of the following words: muddy boulders slower solution faster sand clear traction “The material on the river bed (the bed load) can easily be seen. This material is mostly … . The process which transported this material is most likely to have been … . The water in the river is … , so I think suspension is not taking place today. The material on the bed of the river does not seem to be being transported downstream today. I think it could have been moved when there was more water in the river and the water was flowing … .” [4] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

12 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 5 Figs 9A and 9B show the climate at two places in Africa. Fig. 10 (below) shows three locations, X, Y and Z. J F M A M J month J A S O N D 0 50 100 0 10 temperature (°C) rainfall (mm) 20 30 Fig. 9A J F M A M J month J A S O N D 0 5 0 20 temperature (°C) rainfall (mm) 40 10 30 Fig. 9B Equator 23 °S 1 2 23 °N 1 2 Africa Y Z X Fig. 10 www.theallpapers.com

13 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (a) Figs 9A and 9B show the climate at two of the three locations shown on Fig.10. For each climate, state which is the correct location, either X, Y or Z. Fig.9A … Fig. 9B … [2] (b) (i) Describe the temperature and rainfall shown on Fig. 9A. There is no need to use statistics in your answer. … … … … … … … … … … … … [4] (ii) Give two reasons for the low rainfall total shown on Fig. 9B. 1 … … 2 … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

14 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 6 Fig. 11 is a map showing a town and the route of a proposed new road. 0 2 4 6 km 8 X Y 10 12 built up area Key main road factory proposed new road farmland woodland woodland village town farmland N Fig. 11 Table 5 compares the main road through the town with the proposed new road. Table 5 main road through the town new road distance from X to Y 8 km average speed of vehicles between X and Y 32 km / hour 100 km/hour average journey time between X and Y 15 minutes www.theallpapers.com

15 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use (a) Use information in Fig. 11 to complete Table 5. [2] (b) Using Fig. 11 and Table 5, suggest one reason why each of the following people is either for or against the proposed new road. (i) Long distance lorry driver – For ✓ Reason … … … [1] (ii) Resident of village – Against ✗ Reason … … … [1] (iii) Town resident – For ✓ Reason … … … [1] (iv) Owner of shop in CBD – Against ✗ Reason … … … [1] (v) Manager of factory – Against ✗ Reason … … … [1] (vi) Environmental action group – Against ✗ Reason … … … [1] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

16 0460/22/M/J/11 © UCLES 2011 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 Figure 6 © Guinness Nagle; IGCSE Geography; Hodder; 2009. Question 3 Figure 7 © The Observer; 8 March 2009. Photograph A D A Kelly © UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. www.theallpapers.com

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/22 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.theallpapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 1 (a) (i) wide tarred, [1] (ii) dense bush/very dense bush/dam, [1] (iii) dip tank, [1] (iv) track/cut line/game trail, [1] (v) (seasonal) marsh, [1] Mark the first type of land use given. (b) (i) gently sloping, (more than one tick = 0) [1] (ii) dam/furrows/reservoirs/rivers/streams/watercourse, (high drainage density = 0) [1] (iii) power line/33kV, (power supply = 0) [1] (iv) staff quarters/huts/buildings/Welbeck Township/Mazoe Township, (houses, village = 0) [1] (v) tarred road(s), (large road = 0) [1] (c) (i) 794 673, [1] (ii) SE, [1] (iii) 213°, (more than one tick = 0) [1] (d) Type of land Steep slopes Gentle slopes Next to rivers Cultivation
Seasonal marsh
Land use Dense bush
More than one tick per row = 0 [3] (e) flows NE/NNE/N, stream(s)/small river(s)/small watercourse(s), (smaller rivers = 0) tributary/confluence/tributaries/confluences/affluents, (splits into tributaries = 0) meanders/bends etc., dendritic pattern, dam(s), (reservoir, lake = 0) tributaries join at acute angles, high drainage density/many streams/many rivers/many tributaries, (many tributaries = 2) gentle gradient/flows on gentle land (must be referring to rivers), wider downstream/wider in NE/NNE/N, [4] www.theallpapers.com

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 2 (a) (i) farming, forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, extraction/production of raw materials = 0 [1] (ii) any manufacturing or processing industry, ‘factory’ or ‘manufacturing’ or ‘processing’ alone = 0 [1] (iii) any service or distributive industry including quaternary industries, ‘services’ alone = 0 retailing/selling/shops/office work = 1 Allow answers expressed as occupations, e.g. teacher If more than one given and one is wrong credit the first example given. [1] (b) Two correct lines plotted (63 mm, 11 mm and 26 mm spaces) = 2, Correct use of key = 1 Allow in any order. Mark independently. [3] (c) position of Malaysia: from the start of the 28th square to the end of the 31st square from the left, position of Australia: from the start of the 44th square to the end of the 47th square from the left, 4 square tolerance for each. Must be shown by a vertical arrow or line with a label. If lines or arrows do not have country names max 1. [2] www.theallpapers.com

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 3 (a) increase (overall or at the beginning), more rapid/rapid/exponential/increasing rate at end, (allow a variety of expressions) Answers such as ‘gentle increase at first then a rapid increase’ = 2. References simply to the slope of the graph = 0. [2] (b) (i) Japan, Indonesia. [2] (ii) pressure on finances, pressure on/need for more social services/care/health services, pressure on pension funds, smaller economically active population/not enough workers/military, less tax raised. greater dependency ratio alone = 0 [1] (c) (i) correct position of USA shown by a dot or a cross, (no label needed) [1] (ii) negative/inverse relationship, one increases as the other decreases etc., e.g. ‘as one gets higher the other gets lower’ (should not just describe a single point on the graph). [1] (iii) birth rate/use of contraception, migration, (however expressed) death rate/infant mortality, natural increase/decrease, Mark the best factor given. [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 4 (a) (i) correct position of E, correct position of D, correct position of F, The points of the arrows must be within the tolerance. If letters without arrows are used then the majority of the letter should be within the tolerance. If more than one is given and one is wrong = 0. [3] (ii) sketch of curved channel to right of existing channel and parallel or sub-parallel to it, Allow if just one margin of the river is drawn. If both margins are drawn and one is wrong = 0. [1] (b) boulders, traction, clear/slower, faster. [4] www.theallpapers.com

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 www.theallpapers.com

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 5 (a) Z, X, 2 correct = 2 1 correct or reversed = 1 [2] (b) (i) tropical, (fairly) high temperatures/hot in summer/October/November/December/January/February/ March/beginning and end of year, cool/warm/mild in winter/April/May/June/July/August/September/middle of year, (low temperatures = 0) (temperature increases, decreases, higher, lower etc. = 0) small/moderate annual temperature range, low rainfall/dry climate, desert, rain in summer/any month from September to May/beginning and end of year, (allow if stated as ‘high’ rainfall) dry/drought in winter/June/July/August/middle of year, (not little rain) (rainfall increases, decreases, higher, lower etc. = 0) When the candidate is describing rainfall, do not allow hot months to equal summer or cold months to equal winter. [4] (ii) high pressure, descending air, offshore/NE/E winds, large distance from sea/inland, stable air, Ignore the numbers 1 and 2 on the question paper. (dry air, rainshadow, little evaporation, no moist winds = 0) [2] www.theallpapers.com

Page 8 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0460 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 6 (a) 9.8–10.2 (km), Allow in metres if units stated. 6 (minutes), Allow if candidate rounds answers to nearest minute. Don’t insist on accuracy to two decimal places. [2] (b) Lorry driver save time/quicker, save fuel, avoid congestion in town, shorter, easier = 0 [1] Resident of village noise, visual pollution, exhaust fumes/air pollution, lower house prices, potentially dangerous new road, [1] Town resident reduce noise, reduce visual pollution, reduce exhaust fumes, make journeys quicker/less congestion/less traffic therefore easier to travel, increased road safety, [1] Shop owner reduced trade/profits, [1] Manager of factory route not helping transport/access/no advantage/would not use it/ travel times unchanged, a western by-pass would have been helpful, (‘road is on the other side of town’ alone = 0) [1] Environmentalists destruction of woodland/habitats/countryside/natural land, disturbs wild life, pollution = 0 [1] Increase/decrease in traffic alone = 0 throughout. Pollution without type = 0 throughout. 9 km 5.4 minutes 5 minutes 24 seconds 9.8 km 5.88 minutes 5 minutes 52.8 seconds 9.9 km 5.94 minutes 5 minutes 56.4 seconds 10.1 km 6.06 minutes 6 minutes 3.6 seconds 10.2 km 6.12 minutes 6 minutes 7.2 seconds 11 km 6.6 minutes 6 minutes 36 seconds www.theallpapers.com