Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2010 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 3

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (AC/SW) 23724/3 © UCLES 2010 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. * 3 0 3 5 1 0 6 9 5 4 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/23 Paper 2 October/November 2010 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper 1:25 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. For Examiner’s Use Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total www.theallpapers.com

For Examiner’s Use 0460/23/O/N/10 © UCLES 2010 1 The map extract is for Quatre Soeurs, Mauritius. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows the position of some features in the north east of the map extract. Study the map extract and Fig. 1 and answer the questions below. 25 26 27 28 25 26 27 28 89 90 91 89 90 91 E D C B A Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) the name of island A; … [1] (ii) the type of vegetation in areas B; … [1] (iii) two services at C, Grande Rivière Sud Est; … [1] (iv) the type of road at D; … [1] (v) the height above sea level of the minor trigonometrical station at E. … [1] 2 www.theallpapers.com

3 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2010 0460/23/O/N/10 (b) Study the Deep River in the west of the map extract. Which three of the following statements about the Deep River are correct? Tick only three statements. Statement Tick The course of the river is meandering The width of the river is generally less than 100 metres The river is flowing south The river has waterfalls The river has rapids There are no bridges over the river [3] (c) Fig. 2 is a cross section drawn along northing 885 through Mt Chat. 300 200 metres 100 0 300 200 metres 100 0 229885 W Mt Chat E 261885 Fig. 2 Using labelled arrows, mark the following features on Fig. 2: (i) an area of forest; [1] (ii) the Grand River South East; [1] (iii) the Marie Jeanne Road. [1] www.theallpapers.com

4 For Examiner’s Use 0460/23/O/N/10 © UCLES 2010 (d) Fig. 3 shows the area of scrub and scattered trees around Mt Villars. 22 23 24 25 22 23 24 25 86 87 88 86 87 88 Mt Villars Fig. 3 Describe the relief of the area shaded on Fig. 3. … … … … … … … …[4] www.theallpapers.com

5 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2010 (e) Find the settlement of La Nourrice in the northern part of the map extract. (i) What is the six figure grid reference for the cross roads in La Nourrice? Circle one correct answer below. 215897 224897 225897 897225 [1] (ii) A person walks from the cross roads to the bridge over the Grand River South East at 233887. In which compass direction does the person walk? …[1] (iii) Measure the distance that the person walks along the road. Give your answer in metres. … metres [1] (f) (i) Look at the settlements along the coast. Which one of the following terms best describes these settlements? Tick one box only. Term Tick nucleated linear dispersed [1] (ii) Suggest one reason why there are few settlements inland, south of the main river. … … … [1] [Total: 20 marks] 0460/23/O/N/10 www.theallpapers.com

6 For Examiner’s Use 0460/23/O/N/10 © UCLES 2010 2 Study Fig. 4, which shows the islands of New Zealand, situated in the south Pacific Ocean in the southern hemisphere. Fig. 4 Palmerston North Average January temperature 17°C Average July temperature 7°C Annual rainfall 990 mm Altitude of weather station 44 m Auckland Average January temperature 20°C Average July temperature 11°C Annual rainfall 1150 mm Altitude of weather station 6 m Greymouth Average January temperature 15°C Average July temperature 7°C Annual rainfall 2460 mm Altitude of weather station 4 m Wellington Average January temperature 16°C Average July temperature 8°C Annual rainfall 1220 mm Altitude of weather station 128 m Christchurch Average January temperature 17°C Average July temperature 6°C Annual rainfall 640 mm Altitude of weather station 34 m Invercargill Average January temperature 13°C Average July temperature 6°C Annual rainfall 1060 mm Altitude of weather station 1 m 45°S 40°S 35°S 45°S 45°S 100 km 0 40°S 35°S N prevailing wind land over 1000 m above sea level line of latitude Key South Island North Island www.theallpapers.com

7 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2010 0460/23/O/N/10 (a) Fig. 4 gives information about six places in New Zealand. Which of these places has: (i) its weather station highest above sea level; … [1] (ii) the lowest annual rainfall on the North Island; …[1] (iii) the greatest annual range of temperature? …[1] (b) Study the temperatures for Auckland and Invercargill. With the help of Fig. 4, explain why the temperatures of the two places are different. … … … … … [2] (c) Study the rainfall for Greymouth and Christchurch. With the help of Fig. 4, suggest why the rainfall of the two places is different. … … … … … … … … [3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

8 For Examiner’s Use 0460/23/O/N/10 © UCLES 2010 3 Photograph A (Insert) shows a coastal area of Iceland. Fig. 5 is a student’s field sketch of the same area. Fig. 5 www.theallpapers.com

9 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2010 0460/23/O/N/10 (a) On Fig. 5, label two coastal features. [2] (b) Describe, in detail, the features of the coastline shown in the photograph. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [6] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

10 For Examiner’s Use 0460/23/O/N/10 © UCLES 2010 4 (a) Figs 6A and 6B show two parts of a river and its valley. A A river Fig. 6A C B river D E Fig. 6B Study Figs 6A and 6B and name features A, B, C, D and E. Feature A…………………………………. Feature B…………………………………. Feature C…………………………………. Feature D…………………………………. Feature E…………………………………. [5] www.theallpapers.com

11 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2010 0460/23/O/N/10 (b) The long profile of a river is the slope of the river bed from the source of the river to the mouth. Fig. 7 shows a map of a river and its valley. N 0 1 km river sea 20 contours (metres) waterfall Key 50 60 70 80 90 20 30 40 10 Fig. 7 Describe the long profile of this river. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

12 For Examiner’s Use 0460/23/O/N/10 © UCLES 2010 5 Study Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 which show the number of migrants to the United States of America (USA) from four continents. Use the information on Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 to answer the questions on the opposite page. 100 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 year Origin of migrants to USA thousands thousands 2005 2006 2007 2008 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 Asia Asia Europe Europe S. America S. America Africa Africa Asia Europe S. America Africa Fig. 8 Origin of migrants to USA Asia Asia Asia Key thousands 2000 2004 Year Year Year 2008 USA South South America America Africa Africa Europe Europe South America Africa Europe 400 200 300 100 0 Fig. 9 www.theallpapers.com

13 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2010 0460/23/O/N/10 (a) Using Fig. 8, complete the following paragraph. Of the four continents, the one with the largest number of migrants to USA between 1999 and 2008 was …………………………. . The continent with the lowest number during this period was …………………………. . The year when the smallest number of people migrated to USA was ……………….. . The number of migrants to USA has gradually increased, however there was an unusually low number of migrants in the year……………………….. . [4] (b) Figs 8 and 9 show similar information in different ways. Give one advantage of each method. Advantage of Fig. 8 … … … [1] Advantage of Fig. 9 … … … [1] (c) Figs 8 and 9 provide information about changes affecting the population of USA. Give two other pieces of information that would help you decide whether the total population of USA was increasing or decreasing. 1 … … 2 … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

14 For Examiner’s Use 0460/23/O/N/10 © UCLES 2010 6 Fig. 10 gives information about energy supplies in Swaziland, an LEDC in southern Africa. Local renewable energy in Swaziland Swaziland imports more than half of its energy requirements. The majority of this is fossil fuels, e.g. coal and oil. Importing energy is bad for the economy. Local energy sources are primarily from biomass (organic matter such as wood and waste from the sugar cane and timber industries). Wood is the only source of energy for 70% of households in rural areas and many households on the edge of urban areas. Solar and biomass are local, renewable energy sources for private individuals and small industries. Solar • Equipment is expensive • Small electricity generating equipment provides power for lighting, radios, black and white TVs but not for high power requirements such as colour TVs or cooking • Solar hot water systems are an effective way of heating water and can heat large volumes such as swimming pools • Many parts of Swaziland have a relatively sunny climate Biomass • Collection of firewood is a burden on rural women • Increasing population and overuse is causing deforestation, lack of fuel and soil erosion • Uncontrolled open fires cause respiratory illness and accidents in rural areas • New wood stoves are efficient Fig. 10 www.theallpapers.com

15 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2010 0460/23/O/N/10 (a) (i) What is meant by renewable energy? … … [1] (ii) Using only information from Fig. 10, give one example of a renewable energy source and one example of a non-renewable energy source. renewable source … non-renewable source … [1] (b) Fig. 10 gives information about local energy sources in Swaziland. In your own words, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of local solar and biomass energy sources for: (i) a subsistence farmer in a rural area; … … … … … … … … … [4] (ii) a hotel owner. … … … … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

16 0460/23/O/N/10 © UCLES 2010 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: © Map of Quatre Soeurs, Mauritius; Mauritius Government. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. www.theallpapers.com

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2010 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/23 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2010 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.theallpapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0460 23 © UCLES 2010 1 (a) (i) (Ile aux) Chats, [1] (ii) mangrove, [1] (iii) market, post office, health centre, school, community centre, 2 points = 1 mark [1] (iv) Main B/B/B28, main = 0 [1] (v) 231 (metres) [1] (b) 3 correct ticks Statement Tick The course of the river is meandering
The width of the river is generally less than 100 metres
The river is flowing south The river has waterfalls The river has rapids
There are no bridges over the river [3] (c) Use the on-screen ruler to measure as follows: (i) 25–48mm from left hand side of section, (ii) 0–5mm from left hand side of section, (iii) 92–100mm from left hand side of section, Each should be identified by a label and by a line or arrow. The label could be the name, e.g. “river”, or the number, e.g. (i). Lines ending more than about 5mm from the profile = 0. If the line is within tolerance of 5mm but does not reach the profile, mark the point where it would meet the profile if extended. If labels point to the base line allow max 1. [3] (d) high/mountains/hills/upland, steep, steeper upper slopes/gentler lower slopes/concave, highest point Mt Bambou, highest 500–600m, ridge, spurs, small/shallow valleys, [4] www.theallpapers.com

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0460 23 © UCLES 2010 (e) (i) 225897, [1] (ii) south east, [1] (iii) 1250–1350 (metres) [1] (f) (i) linear, [1] (ii) steep slopes, forest, few/no roads, plantations, [1] 2 (a) (i) Wellington, [1] (ii) Palmerston North, [1] (iii) Christchurch, [1] (b) Auckland 37°S and Invercargill 46°S, Auckland lower latitude/nearer equator, Auckland higher angle of sun, Auckland sun’s rays heat smaller area, Auckland sun’s rays pass through smaller volume of air, different lengths of day and night, Allow the converse expressions for Invercargill. [2] (c) places on opposite coastlines, mountains in between, winds onshore at Greymouth, winds offshore at Christchurch, westerly winds, rainshadow at Christchurch, [3] www.theallpapers.com

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0460 23 © UCLES 2010 3 (a) Two labels on Fig. 5. [2] (b) Six points of description. If a point has been credited as a one word term in (a), then greater detail or development is required for the same point in (b). Formation points = 0. headland/point/promontory, cliff, stack, stump, arch, bay, calm sea, beach, sand, boulders/rocks, lighthouse, [6] 4 (a) A spur, B flood plain/valley floor, C meander, D ox bow, E levee/embankment, [5] (b) gentle(r) near mouth/lower course, steep(er) near source/upper course, flat at mouth, concave, graded, waterfalls near source/upper course, more irregular in upper course, delta at mouth, Points require locating when indicated above. [3] 5 (a) Asia, Africa, 1999, 2003, [4] (b) Fig. 8 more detail/data, more years/yearly, provides a continuous picture = 1 Fig. 9. better visual effect, shows locations, = 1 [2] www.theallpapers.com

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0460 23 © UCLES 2010 (c) emigration, immigration from other sources, birth rate, ) death rate, ) natural increase/decrease = 1 [2] 6 (a) (i) regenerated/recreated faster than use, won’t run out, replaced/renewed in a life time, [1] (ii) solar, wood, timber waste sugar waste, biomass, coal, oil, Both correct = 1 [1] (b) (i) solar can provide light/radio/black and white TV/water heating, may not be able to afford solar (not just solar expensive), solar can’t be used for cooking, firewood “free”/low cost, could use new efficient wood stove, collection of firewood a problem/hard to collect, wood running out, soil erosion affecting agriculture, fires cause illness/danger, [4] (ii) will need colour TVs which solar won’t power, solar won’t power kitchens, solar will heat swimming pools/showers/lights etc., may not have source of biomass fuel, [2] www.theallpapers.com