Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2010 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 3

This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB10 11_0654_23/3RP © UCLES 2010 [Turn over *7776176824* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/23 Paper 2 (Core) October/November 2010 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a section through the human thorax. Fig. 1.1 (a) On the diagram, use label lines to label each of the following structures: the trachea the heart a bronchiole [3] (b) List the structures through which blood passes as it flows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again. Choose from these words: aorta artery capillaries left atrium left ventricle pulmonary artery pulmonary vein right atrium right ventricle vena cava The first structure has been done for you. 1 right ventricle 2 3 4 5 [4]

3 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Describe how the blood transports oxygen. [2] (d) Describe how oxygen is supplied to a developing fetus in its mother’s uterus. [3]

4 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 2 In electrochemical cells (batteries), electrical energy is obtained from chemical reactions. (a) Fig. 2.1 shows some uses of electrochemical cells. 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 + – watch torch (flashlight) Fig. 2.1 (i) Electrochemical cells like those in Fig. 2.1 have to be replaced when they have stopped working. Explain briefly what has happened inside the cells to cause them to stop working. [1] (ii) State one reason why different cells are used in the watch and the torch (flashlight). [1]

5 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Some types of digital clocks use electrical energy which is obtained from an electrochemical cell. These cells can be made by placing metal electrodes into a potato. Fig. 2.2 shows a simplified diagram of such a clock. 08:00 potato digital clock metal electrode metal electrode Fig. 2.2 (i) Suggest why a potato can be used as part of an electrochemical cell. [1] (ii) State how the voltage supplied by the cell can be changed. [1]

6 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use (c) Some modern cars, known as hybrids, have two engines. In one of these engines, hydrocarbon fuel is burnt to provide the energy required to move the car. In the other, electrical energy is provided by a powerful electrochemical cell. At lower speeds, the electric engine drives the car and the other engine is switched off. (i) Name a liquid hydrocarbon which is used as car fuel. [1] (ii) Name the process which is used to separate car fuel from petroleum. [1] (iii) Name two compounds which are produced when hydrocarbon fuel is burnt in a car engine. 1 2 [2] (iv) Suggest why air pollution in towns and cities might be reduced if hybrid cars replaced ordinary cars. [3]

7 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 3 (a) A student wrote down some properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Draw a line from each property to the correct radiation. alpha radiation beta gamma has no charge property has no mass passes through paper but stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium passes through several centimetres of lead contains positively charged particles stopped by paper [3] (b) Alpha, beta and gamma radiations are known as ionising radiations. (i) Explain the meaning of the term ionising radiation. [1] (ii) Explain why alpha radiation is more effective at ionising than beta radiation. [1] (iii) State two effects of ionising radiation on the human body. 1 2 [2]

8 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 4 Nitrogen compounds in soil are taken up by growing crops. Fig.4.1 shows two ways in which nitrogen compounds may be added to soil used for growing crops. fertiliser NPK nitrogen molecules in the air nitrogen compounds in the soil nitrogen fixation Fig. 4.1 (a) (i) State the meaning of the term nitrogen fixation. [1] (ii) Outline one way in which nitrogen fixation occurs. [2] (iii) Explain why nitrogen molecules taken directly from the air cannot be used by most growing crops. [1]

9 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Table 4.1 shows how much of three elements, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, was removed from the soil by different crops. In this table, the elements are shown by their chemical symbols. Table 4.1 mass removed in kg / hectare crop N P K oats 72 13 18 sugar beet 86 14 302 wheat 115 22 26 (i) State the crop in Table 4.1 which took up the highest mass of potassium per hectare. [1] (ii) The sugar beet was planted in a field of 2.5 hectares. Calculate the combined mass of nitrogen and phosphorus taken up by the crop of sugar beet. Show your working. kg [1]

10 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use (c) The nitrogen in NPK fertiliser exists in the form of compounds such as the salts ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, and diammonium phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4. Ammonium nitrate is made by reacting ammonia with nitric acid. (i) Name the type of chemical reaction which occurs between ammonia and nitric acid. [1] (ii) State the total number of atoms which are shown combined in the formula of diammonium phosphate. [1] (iii) Describe a chemical test to show whether a solution contains ammonium ions. [3] (d) Starch molecules are polymers of glucose. (i) Draw a small section of a molecule of starch, using the symbol G to represent a glucose molecule. [1] (ii) Name the elements that are combined in glucose. [1]

11 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over BLANK PAGE Please turn over for Question 5.

12 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 5 (a) A student investigated the relationship between the potential difference across a lamp and the current in the lamp. (i) List the apparatus she would need to carry out this investigation. [2] Fig. 5.1 shows a graph of the results of this investigation. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 potential difference / V current / A × × × × × × × Fig. 5.1

13 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Calculate the resistance of the lamp when the current was 0.6 A. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working ohms [2] (b) (i) The generator at a power station supplies a current of 50 A at a voltage of 25 000 V. Use the formula power = voltage × current to calculate the power output of the generator. Show your working. W [1] (ii) Electrical energy is transmitted along cables at a very high voltage of 400 000 V. Explain how this reduces the cost of supplying the electricity. Use the ideas of energy loss and current in your answer. [3] (iii) State two properties of aluminium which make it suitable for overhead power cables. 1 2 [2]

14 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows two plant cells. One has been placed in a blue dye and the other in a red dye. cell in blue dye part stained blue cell in red dye part stained red Fig. 6.1 (a) (i) Name the part of the cell that has been stained by each dye. the blue dye the red dye [2] (ii) Which dye(s) has passed through a cell membrane? Tick the correct box. neither blue or red both blue and red blue only red only [1] (iii) Which dye(s) would stain part of an animal cell? Tick the correct box. neither blue or red both blue and red blue only red only [1]

15 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) (i) Cells from the palisade layer of a leaf contain structures not shown in Fig. 6.1. These structures contain a green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight. This energy is used to help the plant to make its own food. On the cell in blue dye in Fig. 6.1, draw and name one of these structures. [2] (ii) Describe how a plant makes its own food. [3] (iii) Explain how the process you have described in (ii) benefits animals. [3]

16 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 7 An athlete is running in a sprint race. (a) Fig. 7.1 shows the athlete’s speed during the race. A D B C 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 time / s A D B C speed m / s Fig. 7.1 (i) Describe the athlete’s motion between B and C. [1] (ii) Describe the athlete’s motion between C and D. [1] (b) Complete the sentence by choosing suitable words. As the athlete runs, the energy in the food he has eaten changes to energy and heat energy. [2] (c) At the end of the race, evaporation helps to cool the athlete. (i) Use the idea of particles to explain how evaporation helps the athlete to cool down. [2]

17 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) At the end of a long race, an athlete may be wrapped in a shiny foil blanket to prevent him cooling down too quickly. Explain how the shiny foil blanket helps reduce energy losses. Use ideas about conduction, convection and radiation in your answer. [3]

18 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 8 (a) The disease cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele, f, of a gene. The symbol for the normal, dominant allele is F. (i) State the genotype of a person with cystic fibrosis. [1] (ii) State the phenotype of a person who is heterozygous for cystic fibrosis. [1] (iii) Explain why a person who has the alleles FF cannot have a child with cystic fibrosis. You can use a genetic diagram as part of your answer if it helps your explanation. [3] (b) A person with cystic fibrosis often has a blockage of the duct that leads from the pancreas into the alimentary canal. This duct usually carries pancreatic juice, which contains the enzymes amylase, protease and lipase. (i) Describe the function of amylase. [2] (ii) Explain why a person with a blocked pancreatic duct will not be able to absorb as many nutrients from their food as a person with a normal pancreatic duct. [2]

19 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 9 Fig. 9.1 shows the driving force and frictional force acting on a car of mass 1200 kg travelling at a constant speed of 18 m / s. driving force 1000 N frictional force 1000 N Fig. 9.1 (a) (i) Calculate the distance travelled in one minute. m [1] (ii) Calculate the work done by the driving force in one minute. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working J [2] (b) Explain, in terms of forces, why the car is travelling at a constant speed. [1]

20 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 9.2 shows a car on a hydraulic lift in a garage. The total weight being lifted is 18 000 N. The lift uses four large pistons. Each large piston has an area of 0.03 m2. The smaller piston X has an area of 0.01 m2. hydraulic fluid piston X area 0.01 m2 piston area of each large piston 0.03 m2 Fig. 9.2 (i) Calculate the total area of the four large pistons. m2 [1] (ii) Use the formula pressure = force / area to calculate the pressure in the hydraulic fluid used in the lift. Show your working. N / m2 [1] (iii) This pressure is caused by piston X. Calculate the minimum force which piston X must exert to lift the car. Show your working. N [2]

21 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 [Turn over BLANK PAGE Please turn over for Question 10.

22 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 10 Table 10.1 shows some properties of five elements, P to T. The code letters are not the chemical symbols of the elements. Table 10.1 element code letter melting point / °C boiling point / °C conduction of electricity number of outer electrons in an atom P -89 -186 insulator 8 Q 650 1090 conductor 2 R -7 58 insulator 7 S 181 1342 conductor 1 T -220 -188 insulator 7 Answer the following questions, using only the elements shown in the table. (a) (i) State and explain which elements are from the same group of the Periodic Table. elements explanation [1] (ii) State and explain which elements are metals. elements explanation [1] (iii) State and explain which elements are gases at a room temperature of 20 °C. elements explanation [1]

23 © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use (b) Fig. 10.1 shows atoms of the two elements R and S. Only the outer electron shells are shown. S × R × × × × × × × Fig. 10.1 When element R reacts with element S the atoms of both elements change and become ions. (i) Describe, in terms of electrons, how an atom of element S would change into an ion. [1] (ii) Predict and explain whether the compound formed between elements S and R is likely to be a solid, liquid or gas at room temperature. Explain your answer. state explanation [3] (c) The element bromine is produced when compounds dissolved in seawater react with chlorine. The word equation for a typical reaction producing bromine is shown below. chlorine + sodium bromide sodium chloride + bromine (i) State the colour change which would show that bromine is produced in this reaction. [1] (ii) Explain briefly, in terms of reactivity, why these reactants produce bromine. [1]

24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2010 0654/23/O/N/10 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2010 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/23 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2010 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 23 © UCLES 2010 1 (a) trachea labelled ; heart labelled ; bronchiole labelled ; [3] (b) (right ventricle) pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein included in the list ; pulmonary artery comes before pulmonary vein ; capillaries come between pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein ; ends in left atrium ; [4] (c) in red blood cells ; reference to haemoglobin / oxyhaemoglobin ; [2] (d) from mother’s blood ; by diffusion ; through the placenta ; to fetus, in umbilical cord / through umbilical vein ; [max 3] [Total: 12] 2 (a) (i) reactants / electrolyte / anode / cathode used up / no more chemical reaction possible ; [1] (ii) reference to appropriate size / power / current ; [1] (b) (i) it is a conductor / contains or provides electrolyte ; [1] (ii) change the type of metal used in electrodes / other correct e.g. change electrode separation or depth / temperature ; [1] (c) (i) gasoline / diesel / petrol (not petroleum) ; [1] (ii) fractional distillation / fractionation ; [1] (iii) water ; carbon dioxide ; carbon monoxide ; [max 2] (allow common pollutants e.g. NOx) (iv) reference to named pollutant e.g. CO, NOx, CO2, SO2, particulates ; effect of named pollutant ; no pollutants produced when normal engine switched off / using electric motor ; more slow moving traffic in towns so normal engine more likely to be switched off ; [max 3] [Total: 11]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 23 © UCLES 2010 3 (a) alpha radiation beta gamma has no charge property has no mass passes through paper but stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium passes through several centimetres of lead contains positively charged particles stopped by paper ;;; (6 correct – 3 marks, 4 correct – 2 marks, 2 correct – 1 mark) [3] (b) (i) removes electrons / produces ions when it hits atoms ; [1] (ii) particles are larger / heavier / carry more charge ; [1] (iii) causes ionisation within cells ; mutation ; cancer ; radiation burns / burns skin ; damages / kills cells / damages DNA ; radiation sickness ; [max 2] [Total: 7]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 23 © UCLES 2010 4 (a) (i) (atmospheric) nitrogen converted into nitrogen compounds / specified nitrogen compound ; [1] (ii) (nitrogen fixing) bacteria ; in soil / on root nodules ; or atmospheric nitrogen combines with oxygen / nitrogen oxides form ; in thunderstorms / (using energy) from lightning ; or nitrogen combines with hydrogen / converted to ammonia ; in industry / in Haber process ; [max 2] (marking points taken from one route only) (iii) nitrogen too unreactive / too much energy needed to break bonds in nitrogen molecules ; [1] (b) (i) sugar beet ; [1] (ii) (86 + 14) × 2.5 = 250 (kg) ; [1] (c) (i) neutralisation ; [1] (ii) 16 ; [1] (iii) add sodium hydroxide solution / strong alkali ; warm ; suitable reference to ammonia / alkaline gas produced ; [3] (d) (i) three or more of the symbols shown linked into chain with continuation bonds shown ; [1] (ii) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ; (all required) [1] [Total: 13]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 23 © UCLES 2010 5 (a) (i) cells / batteries / power supply, connecting wires, lamp ; ammeter, voltmeter ; [2] (ii) (R =) V / I ; = 1 / 0.6 = 1.67 (ohms) ; [2] (b) (i) power = voltage × current = 25 000 × 50 = 1 250 000 (W) ; [1] (ii) high voltage means low current ; energy loss is I2R owtte ; less energy lost if current is low ; can use thinner wires / lighter wires ; [max 3] (iii) good electrical conductor ; low density ; unreactive / does not corrode readily ; ductile / malleable ; [max 2] [Total: 10] 6 (a) (i) nucleus ; cell wall ; [2] (ii) blue only ; [1] (iii) blue only ; [1] (b) (i) something drawn in cytoplasm ; and the word chloroplast ; [2] (ii) carbon dioxide ; and water ; produce glucose / sugar / starch / carbohydrate, and oxygen ; (can take all marks from a correct equation) [3] (iii) provides food ; for energy / for materials to make new cells ; provides oxygen ; for respiration ; [max 3] [Total: 12]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 23 © UCLES 2010 7 (a) (i) constant speed ; [1] (ii) slowing down / decelerating ; [1] (b) chemical ; kinetic ; [2] (c) (i) energy needed to turn liquid into gas ; particles need to separate / overcome forces ; energy gained from surroundings / heat taken from skin / blood / body ; [max 2] (ii) shiny foil traps layer of air around body, stops convection ; air is a good insulator ; shiny foil is a poor radiator of heat ; reflects radiation back in ; heat can still escape by conduction ; [max 3] [Total: 9] 8 (a) (i) ff ; [1] (ii) normal / no cystic fibrosis ; [1] (iii) child would be ff ; so would need an f allele from each parent ; parent with FF, cannot provide an f allele / can only have FF or Ff children ; (take from genetic diagram if clear or explained) [3] (b) (i) digests / breaks down, starch ; to, maltose / sugar ; [2] (ii) only small molecules can pass through wall of alimentary canal / be absorbed ; enzymes / pancreatic juice produce small molecules from large ones / examples ; [2] [Total: 9]

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 23 © UCLES 2010 9 (a) (i) (distance covered in one minute = 18 × 600 =) 1080 (m) ; [1] (ii) work = F × d ; 1000 × 1080 = 1 080 000 (J) ; (ecf) [2] (b) forces are balanced, etc. ; [1] (c) (i) 0.12 m2 ; [1] (ii) (pressure = force / area =) 18 000 / 0.12 = 150 000 (N / m2) ; (ecf) [1] (iii) force = pressure × area = 150 000 × 0.01 ; = 1500 (N) ; [2] [Total: 8] 10 (a) (i) (R and T) same number of outer electrons / both in Group 7 ; [1] (ii) (Q and S) conductors / group 1 or group 2 elements / 1 or 2 electrons in outer shell ; [1] (iii) (P and T) boiling point is below 20 °C / room temperature / at 20 °C they have boiled ; [1] (b) (i) lose its outer electron / lose one electron ; [1] (ii) solid ; it is an ionic compound / giant structure / lattice / (large) attractive forces between ions ; reference to opposite electrical charges attracting ; so ions not free to move (independently) / stay together / not enough energy at 20 °C to overcome attractions / separate ions ; [max 3] (c) (i) (colourless solution) turns orange ; [1] (ii) chlorine is more reactive than bromine ; [1] [Total: 9]