Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2010 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB10 11_0654_22/4RP © UCLES 2010 [Turn over *9267243145* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/22 Paper 2 (Core) October/November 2010 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 1 Fig. 1.1 shows the horizontal forces acting on a moving car. driving force frictional force Fig. 1.1 (a) Compare the sizes of the two forces when the car is (i) decelerating (slowing down), [1] (ii) travelling at a constant speed. [1] (b) Fig. 1.2 shows the speed-time graph for the car for the first 24 seconds of a journey. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 time / s speed m / s Fig. 1.2

3 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (i) On the graph, label with an A, a section when the car is accelerating. [1] (ii) State the maximum speed of the car. m / s [1] (iii) The mass of the car is 800 kg. Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the kinetic energy of the car when travelling at its maximum speed. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working J [2] (c) A car headlamp has a power rating of 50 W. (i) State how many joules of energy will be converted every second in the headlamp. J [1] (ii) Use the formula power = voltage × current to calculate the current in the headlamp when the voltage across it is 12 V. Show your working. A [2]

4 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 2 (a) Mammals are vertebrates. State two characteristic visible features of mammals that distinguish them from all other classes of vertebrates. 1 2 [2] (b) Mammals are able to maintain a constant internal body temperature and regulate their blood glucose concentration. (i) State the term used to describe the maintenance of a constant internal environment. [1] (ii) Name the process that generates heat inside body cells when the internal body temperature falls too low. [1] (iii) Describe how blood glucose concentration is brought back to normal if it rises too high. [3] (c) Mammals excrete a nitrogenous waste product called urea. (i) Name the organ in which urea is formed. [1] (ii) Name the substances from which urea is made. [1] (iii) Name the organs that excrete urea from the body. [1]

5 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows some of the apparatus used in the electrolysis of copper chloride solution. copper chloride solution Z test-tube electrolysis cell X Y Fig. 3.1 (i) What is missing from position Z in Fig. 3.1? [1] (ii) Name the gas which collects in the test-tube, and explain whether electrode X is the anode or the cathode. gas Electrode X is the because [2] (iii) Describe what is observed at electrode Y. [1]

6 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use (b) The apparatus shown in Fig. 3.2 can be used to find out what is formed when lead oxide reacts with carbon. strong heat mixture of lead oxide and powdered carbon glass rod drop of limewater Fig. 3.2 When the mixture is heated, molten metal is formed in the container and a gas is given off which turns the drop of limewater cloudy. (i) Complete the word equation for the reaction between lead oxide and carbon. + + lead oxide carbon [2] (ii) State one substance, shown in the equation in (i), which is a compound. Explain why this substance is described as a compound and not as an element. substance [3]

7 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) (i) The main chemical compound in most types of glass is obtained from sand. Name this compound. [1] (ii) Name and explain briefly which of the metal oxides below would need to be mixed with sand in order to obtain coloured glass. copper oxide lead oxide sodium oxide name explanation [2]

8 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) Alpha, beta and gamma radiations have different properties. Draw one line from each type of radiation below to link it to its correct property. alpha radiation beta gamma partly stopped by 2 cm lead no charge properties stopped by 2 cm of lead negative charge stopped by 5 cm of air positive charge [2]

9 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) A scientist uses a Geiger counter to measure the radiation of a radioactive source. (i) State one safety precaution she should take when doing this experiment. [1] Fig. 4.1 shows the graph of her results. 0 5 10 15 20 25 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 time / hours reading on Geiger counter / counts per second Fig. 4.1 (ii) State the reading on the Geiger counter, at the start of the experiment, counts per second after 5 hours. counts per second [1] (iii) State the half-life of the radioactive source. hours [1]

10 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use (c) Alpha radiation is a form of ionising radiation. (i) Explain the meaning of the term ionising radiation. [1] (ii) An alpha radiation source is less harmful to humans than a gamma radiation source if it is outside the body. An alpha radiation source is more harmful to humans than a gamma radiation source if it is inside the body. Explain why. [2] (d) Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are both sources of energy. Describe how these processes differ. [2]

11 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over BLANK PAGE Please turn over for Question 5.

12 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 5 Fig. 5.1 shows some stages in the formation of a human fetus. ball of cells fetus zygote egg cell sperm cell amnion amniotic fluid Fig. 5.1 (a) Most human cells contain 46 chromosomes. (i) State the number of chromosomes in a sperm cell. [1] (ii) State the number of chromosomes in a zygote. [1] (iii) Name the part of the cell in which chromosomes are found. [1] (b) Describe how fertilisation takes place in the oviduct of a mammal. [2] (c) Describe the function of the amnion. [2]

13 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) A disease called thalassaemia is caused by a person’s genes. The haemoglobin gene has two alleles, T and t. A person with the alleles tt has thalassaemia, but a person with alleles Tt does not. (i) State which allele, T or t, is dominant. Explain your answer. allele explanation [1] (ii) Complete the genetic diagram to show how two parents who do not have thalassaemia could have a child with thalassaemia. phenotypes of parents genotypes of parents gametes man without thalassaemia Tt and woman without thalassaemia … and gametes from woman gametes from man [4] (iii) Thalassaemia reduces the amount of normal haemoglobin in the blood. Explain why someone with thalassaemia often does not have the energy to do vigorous exercise. [2]

14 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows how the current in a circuit containing a resistor varies with voltage. 0 2 4 voltage / V current / A 6 8 10 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 Fig. 6.1 (a) In the space below draw a circuit diagram for the circuit you would use to obtain the results shown in Fig. 6.1. Your circuit should include:- ammeter connecting wires power supply resistor voltmeter [4]

15 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) (i) Predict the value of the current in the circuit at 20 V. Explain your answer. prediction A explanation [2] (ii) State the number of coulombs of charge flowing per second when the current in the circuit is 0.5 A. C [1] (iii) Name the particle responsible for carrying this charge around the circuit. [1]

16 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 7 In many countries, river water is collected and treated to make it safe for humans to drink. (a) (i) Suggest one way in which a river could become polluted because it flows through land which is used for agriculture (farming). [1] (ii) Describe how water in rivers and lakes could become polluted if sulfur compounds are not removed from fossil fuels before they are burned. [4] (iii) Explain which one of the treatments shown below might not remove all the harmful bacteria from water which is to be used for drinking. adding chlorine distillation filtration treatment explanation [1]

17 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) In an experiment to compare the hardness of three water samples, A, B and C, equal volumes of water were shaken with the same volume of soap solution. Fig. 7.1 shows the appearance of each mixture after shaking. C B A lather a small amount of scum a large amount of scum Fig. 7.1 (i) Suggest a substance, present in water samples A and C, which has reacted with soap to form scum. [1] (ii) Explain the difference in appearance between the mixtures in Fig. 7.1. [2]

18 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use 8 A healthy plant growing in a pot was watered and placed in a sunny window. A transparent plastic bag was placed over the plant, as shown in Fig. 8.1. soil pot transparent plastic bag Fig. 8.1 (a) The temperature near the window fell overnight. The next morning, small droplets of liquid water were visible on the inside of the plastic bag. (i) Explain where the water came from. [2] (ii) Explain why the water formed droplets of liquid on the plastic bag. [2]

19 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) The plastic bag was then removed from the plant. The plant lost a lot of water and wilted. Fig. 8.2 shows the wilted plant. Fig. 8.2 Explain why the main stem of the plant remained upright when the rest of the plant wilted. [2]

20 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 8.3 shows a cell from the plant leaf before and after it wilted. before wilting after wilting Fig. 8.3 (i) On the diagram of the cell before wilting in Fig. 8.3, label and name two structures that would not be present in an animal cell. [2] (ii) Using your knowledge of osmosis, explain what happened to the plant cell to cause its appearance after wilting. [2]

21 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 9 The chemical symbols for the atoms shown below include proton (atomic) numbers and nucleon (mass) numbers. O 16 8 P 31 15 S 32 16 Ga 70 31 (i) State which of these symbols represent atoms of elements in the same group of the Periodic Table. [1] (ii) Complete Table 9.1 which shows the names and the numbers of protons and neutrons in two of the atoms shown above. Table 9.1 element name protons neutrons oxygen 15 16 [2] (b) Fig. 9.1 shows a diagram of a water molecule, H2O. Choose words or phrases from the following list to complete the labelling of the diagram. covalent bond hydrogen atom ionic bond nucleus oxygen atom proton … … Fig. 9.1 [2]

22 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 For Examiner's Use (c) Carbon and hydrogen combine to form a very large number of different compounds. Ethene is a gaseous, unsaturated compound of carbon and hydrogen. Fig. 9.2 shows two different chemical reactions, 1 and 2, involving ethene. ethene reaction 1 reaction 2 carbon dioxide + water poly(ethene), a type of polymer Fig. 9.2 (i) What general name is given to all compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen? [1] (ii) Explain the meaning of the term unsaturated when used to describe ethene. [2] (iii) For reaction 1 above, deduce the type of chemical reaction which occurs and name the substance which has reacted with ethene. type of reaction substance which has reacted with ethene [2] (iv) For reaction 2 above, deduce the type of chemical reaction which occurs and describe briefly what happens to the molecules of ethene during the reaction. type of reaction what happens to ethene molecules [2]

23 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 10 (a) Below is a list of some types of waves. gamma infra-red microwave sound ultrasound ultraviolet visible light State one wave from the list that is (i) a longitudinal wave, [1] (ii) a transverse wave, [1] (iii) emitted by hot objects but cannot be seen by the human eye, [1] (iv) used to send mobile phone (cell phone) messages from phone to phone. [1] (b) Green light and red light are two of the three primary colours for light. (i) Name the third primary colour for light. [1] (ii) Name one secondary colour for light. [1]

24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2010 0654/22/O/N/10 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2010 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/22 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2010 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 1 (a) (i) driving force is less than braking / friction force ; [1] (ii) driving force = braking / friction force ; [1] (b) (i) anywhere between 0 and 13 seconds ; [1] (ii) 16 m / s ; [1] (iii) KE = ½ mv2 ; = 0.5 × 800 × 16 × 16 = 102 400 J ; [2] (c) (i) 50 J ; [1] (ii) current = power / voltage ; = 50 / 12 = 4.2 A ; [2] [Total: 9] 2 (a) hair / fur ; mammary glands ; different types of teeth ; [2 max] (b) (i) homeostasis ; [1] (ii) respiration ; [1] (iii) sensed by pancreas ; pancreas secretes insulin ; insulin affects liver ; causes liver to take glucose from blood ; (liver) converts glucose to glycogen ; [3 max] (c) (i) liver ; [1] (ii) (excess) amino acids ; [1] (iii) kidneys ; [1] [Total: 10]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 3 (a) (i) (dc) power supply / battery / cell ; [1] (ii) chlorine ; (anode) non-metals form at the anode / chlorine is a non-metal / chloride ions are negative and anode is positive ; [2] (iii) pink / orange / copper (layer / deposit / solid)) ; [1] (b) (i) (lead oxide + carbon →) lead + carbon dioxide ;; [2] (ii) lead oxide / carbon dioxide ; compounds contain more than one type of element / atom ; reference to (different) elements / atoms in compounds being joined / bonded ; [3] (c) (i) silicon dioxide ; [1] (ii) copper oxide ; copper is a transition metal / transition metal compounds are usually coloured ; [2] [Total: 12]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 4 (a) radiation properties alpha radiation beta gamma partly stopped by 2 cm lead no charge properties stopped by 2 cm of lead negative charge stopped by 5 cm of air positive charge ;; [2] (b) (i) wear gloves / protective clothing / handle samples at arm’s length, etc. ; [1] (ii) start – 200 cps after 5 hours – 100 cps [1] (iii) 5 hours ; [1] (c) (i) causes atoms to lose electrons / atoms become ions ;; [1] (ii) alpha is less penetrating (than gamma); alpha is the more ionising (than gamma) ; [2] (d) involve nuclei of atoms ; fission – nuclei split, fusion = nuclei join together ; [2] [Total: 10]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 5 (a) (i) 23 ; [1] (ii) 46 ; [1] (iii) nucleus ; [1] (b) nucleus of sperm and nucleus of egg ; (sperm and egg) fuse ; [2] (c) produces / contains, amniotic fluid ; protects / supports, embryo / fetus ; [2] (d) (i) T, because Tt does not have thalassaemia / words to that effect ; [1] (ii) phenotypes of parents genotypes of parents gametes man without thalassaemia Tt and woman without thalassaemia … and gametes from woman gametes from man Tt T t T t T T t t TT Tt Tt tt thalassaemia parental genotype ; gamete genotypes ; offspring genotypes ; child with thalassaemia identified ; [4] (iii) haemoglobin transports oxygen / person with thalassaemia has less oxygen (in blood) ; so less respiration (in cells) ; which releases energy ; [max 2] [Total: 14] Tt

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 6 (a) circuit containing resistor, voltmeter, ammeter and power supply ; correct symbols for resistor, voltmeter, ammeter and power supply ; ammeter in series ; voltmeter in parallel with resistor ; [4] (b) (i) 3 (A) ; explanation – 2 × 1.5 A ; [2] (ii) 0.5 (C) ; [1] (iii) electron ; [1] [Total: 8] 7 (a) (i) (leaching or run off of) fertiliser / animal wastes / herbicide / pesticide ; [1] (ii) sulfur (compounds) produce sulfur dioxide (when fuel burns) ; sulfur dioxide dissolves in / reacts with rain water ; (produces) acidic solution / sulfurous / sulfuric acid / acid rain ; acid rain collects in rivers / lakes ; reference to harmful effects of acidity, e.g. kills organisms ; [max 4] (iii) (filtration) microorganisms will pass through the filter / owtte ; [1] (allow things like chlorination and distillation kill microorganisms whereas filtration does not) (b) (i) calcium / magnesium (ions) / any soluble Ca or Mg compound ; [1] (ii) the water samples had differing degrees of hardness / differing amounts of (dissolved) Ca / Mg ; more scum / less lather shows harder water / ora ; the order of hardness is C (hardest) then A then B ; [max 2] [Total: 9]

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 8 (a) (i) from plant’s leaves ; transpiration ; through stomata ; [max 2] (ii) condensation ; water vapour cooled ; gas changed to liquid / water droplets ; ref. to particles and (kinetic) energy ; [max 2] (b) loss of turgor (in leaf cells) / cells become flaccid ; (stem supported by) xylem / lignin ; [2] (c) (i) cell wall vacuole chloroplast [max 2] (ii) water moved out of the cell ; down a water potential gradient / from where there was a lot of water to where there was less ; through partially permeable cell membrane ; so volume of cell shrank / contents of cell / vacuole shrank ; strong cell wall cannot change shape (much) so cytoplasm / cell membrane pulls away from it ; [max 2] [Total: 10] cell wall ; vacuole ; chloroplast ;

Page 8 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 9 (a) (i) O and S ; [1] (ii) Table 9.1 element name protons neutrons (oxygen) 8 8 phosphorus (15) (16) one mark for each row ;; [2] (b) … covalent bond … hydrogen atom [2] (c) (i) hydrocarbons ; [1] (ii) molecules contain a double bond ; between the carbon atoms ; so molecules do not possess maximum possible hydrogen atoms / owtte ; [max 2] (iii) combustion / oxidation ; oxygen ; [2] (iv) polymerisation ; molecules join together / form chains ; [2] [Total: 12] ; ;

Page 9 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 10 (a) (i) sound / ultrasound ; [1] (ii) gamma / infra-red / ultraviolet / microwave / visible light ; [1] (iii) infra-red ; [1] (iv) microwaves ; [1] (b) (i) blue ; [1] (ii) yellow / cyan / magenta ; [1] [Total: 6]