Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2010 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB10 06_0654_22/5RP © UCLES 2010 [Turn over *6951258103* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/22 Paper 2 (Core) May/June 2010 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Complete the diagram in Fig. 1.1 to show the energy transfers in a power station fuelled by a nuclear reactor. nuclear heat electrical [1] Fig. 1.1 (b) Name one nuclear fuel. [1] (c) (i) Coal is a non-renewable energy source. Explain what is meant by the term non-renewable. [1] (ii) State one example of a renewable energy source that can be used to generate electricity. [1] (iii) State one advantage of a nuclear power station over a coal-burning power station. [1] (d) Explain why electricity is transmitted at high voltage. Your answer should include ideas about current, voltage and energy loss. [2]

3 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (e) One of the waste products formed in nuclear power stations is the isotope strontium-90. Strontium-90, like other waste products from nuclear reactors, has been produced by nuclear fission. (i) State what happens to the nuclei of atoms during nuclear fission. [1] (ii) Strontium-90 decays by beta particle emission. What is a beta particle? [1]

4 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 2 (a) In Fig. 2.1 the substances in the left hand column are all proteins found in the human body. Draw lines to link each protein to its function. protein function haemoglobin breaks down starch to maltose insulin transports oxygen amylase reduces blood glucose level [2] Fig. 2.1 (b) List the four elements found in all proteins. [2] (c) Two food samples were tested with iodine solution, Benedict's reagent and biuret reagent. The results are shown in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 food sample A food sample B colour after iodine test brown blue-black colour after Benedict's test orange-red orange-red colour after biuret test purple blue State which food or foods contained protein. Explain your answer. [2]

5 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) When a person eats more protein than can be immediately used in the body, the excess protein is broken down to produce the waste product urea. Name the organ in which urea is produced. [1] (e) Suggest how a nitrogen atom in a molecule of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere could become part of a protein in a plant. [3]

6 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 3 (a) Electrolysis is used in industry to convert the raw material, salt (sodium chloride), into three valuable products. Two of these products are chlorine and sodium hydroxide solution. A simplified diagram of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 3.1. … B … A C D … + – permeable membrane graphite (carbon) electrodes Fig. 3.1 (i) The product which leaves the apparatus at point C is a colourless gas which burns with a squeaky pop. State the name or chemical formula of this gas. [1] (ii) Suggest the names or formulae of the chemicals found at points A, B and D in Fig. 3.1. Write your answers on the diagram in Fig. 3.1. [2] (iii) State two properties of graphite (carbon) which make it a suitable material from which to make the electrodes. [2] (iv) Describe a safe chemical test for chlorine. [2]

7 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Sucralose is a compound which is used instead of sucrose (sugar) to sweeten food and drink. Table 3.1 contains information about sucrose and sucralose. Table 3.1 chemical formula kilojoules in 1 gram sucrose C12H22O11 17 sucralose C12H19O8Cl3 0 (i) Explain which compound, sucrose or sucralose, is a carbohydrate. [1] (ii) State the total number of atoms which are combined in one molecule of sucralose. [1] (iii) Sweeteners containing sucralose are more expensive than sucrose, but one gram tastes much sweeter than one gram of sucrose. Suggest why people might prefer to use sweeteners containing sucralose rather than sucrose. [2]

8 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows forces acting on three blocks. The size of an arrow indicates the size of the force it represents. A B C Fig. 4.1 (i) Which of the blocks would start to move? Explain your answer. blocks explanation [2] (ii) On the blocks in Fig. 4.1 that move, draw another arrow to show the direction of motion. [1] (iii) Name one force which acts downwards on all the blocks. [1] (iv) State the source of this force. [1] (b) One of the blocks has a mass of 720 g and a volume of 80 cm3. Calculate the density of the block. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working g / cm3 [2]

9 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) A student tested a block to see if it conducted electricity. Draw a simple circuit which the student could build for this purpose. Use the correct circuit symbols. [3]

10 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis of a plant. rate of photosynthesis light intensity Fig. 5.1 (i) Describe the relationship between light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis. [2] (ii) Explain why light is needed for photosynthesis. [2] (b) The diagrams in Fig. 5.2 show sections through two leaves on the same tree. The two diagrams are drawn to the same scale. cuticle P Q R palisade cell leaf B leaf A Fig. 5.2 (i) Name the parts labelled P, Q and R on Fig. 5.2. P Q R [3]

11 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Leaf A was taken from a part of the tree that was always in the shade. Leaf B was taken from a part of the tree that received plenty of sunlight. Both leaves are put into bright light. Using Fig. 5.2, suggest in which leaf photosynthesis will happen faster in these conditions. Explain your answer. leaf explanation [1] (iii) Suggest why leaf B has a thicker cuticle than leaf A. [2] (iv) Describe how carbon dioxide travels to a palisade cell in a leaf. [3] (c) The differences between leaf A and leaf B are an example of variation. State whether this variation is caused by • genes, • the environment, • both genes and environment together. Explain your answer. cause of variation explanation [2]

12 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 6 (a) Solutions of substances in water are acidic, neutral or alkaline. Choose pH values from the list below to complete Table 6.1. list of pH values 2 5 7 9 13 Table 6.1 liquid description pH sodium chloride solution neutral lemonade (a fizzy drink) weakly acidic [2] (b) A student used the apparatus shown in Fig. 6.1 to investigate the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium. magnesium dilute hydrochloric acid gas measuring cylinder water Fig. 6.1 (i) The student made several observations and measurements during her investigation. Suggest and explain an observation which would show that the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid is exothermic. [2]

13 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) State two changes which the student could make to the reaction conditions so that the gas collected more slowly in the measuring cylinder. 1 2 [2] (iii) Complete the word equation for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium. hydrochloric acid + magnesium + [2] (c) Magnesium, Mg, is a metallic element. (i) Explain the meaning of both words in the term metallic element. metallic element [2] (ii) Name one other element which is in the same group of the Periodic Table as magnesium. [1] (iii) An atom of magnesium has a nucleon (mass) number of 26. Calculate the number of neutrons in this magnesium atom. Use the Periodic Table on page 24. Show your working. [1]

14 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) A racing car is being driven in a race. The graph in Fig. 7.1 shows the speed of the car over a 26 second period. A B C D 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 speed / m / s 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 16 18 14 20 22 24 26 A B C D time / s E Fig. 7.1 (i) Between which points on the graph is the car not moving? [1] (ii) State the speed of the car between C and D. m / s [1]

15 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) The mass of the car and driver is 600 kg. Calculate the momentum of the car between C and D. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working kg m / s [2] (iv) Calculate the acceleration of the car between B and C. Show your working. m / s2 [2]

16 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (b) A wheel on a car needs changing. Fig. 7.2 shows a spanner of length 0.3 m being used to turn a wheel nut. 300 N 0.3 m Fig. 7.2 (i) Calculate the turning effect (moment) of the spanner. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working Nm [2] (ii) Give two ways in which you can increase the spanner’s turning effect. 1 2 [2] (c) A car has been painted blue. Blue is a primary colour of light. Name the two other primary colours of light. and [1]

17 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over BLANK PAGE Please turn over for Question 8.

18 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 8 Sprinters need fast reflexes to make a good start in a 100 m race. They respond to the sound of the starting gun by pushing off from their starting blocks as fast as they can. Fig. 8.1 (a) Choose the correct word from the list to identify the stimulus, receptor and effector in this response. ear eye muscle sprinter sound stimulus receptor effector [3] (b) The time between the starting gun being fired and the runner pushing off from the starting blocks is known as the reaction time. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fig. 8.2 The reaction time is made up of: • the time taken for the sound from the starting gun to reach the runner's ear, • plus the time taken for a nerve impulse to pass from the ear to the brain, • plus the time taken for a nerve impulse to pass from the brain to the leg muscles.

19 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (i) A runner in lane 1 is 2 m from the starting gun. Sound travels at 330 m / s. Calculate the time taken for the sound to reach the runner's ear. Show your working. s [2] Table 8.1 shows the reaction times of the runners in lane 1 and lane 8 in the heats (qualifying races) for a 100 m race. Table 8.1 reaction time / s heat 1 heat 2 heat 3 heat 4 heat 5 heat 6 heat 7 heat 8 lane 1 0.133 0.146 0.170 0.160 0.186 0.176 0.149 0.147 lane 8 0.228 0.223 0.188 0.195 0.178 0.199 0.163 0.167 (ii) Draw a ring around the heat that shows anomalous results. [1] (iii) In which lane did the runners have the longer reaction times? Suggest a reason for this. lane reason [1]

20 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (c) During a sprint race, a runner's muscle cells use anaerobic respiration. (i) Explain what is meant by anaerobic respiration. [2] (ii) Name the waste substance that is made when anaerobic respiration takes place in human cells. [1] (iii) Describe how the body gets rid of this waste substance after the race is over. [2]

21 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 9 Fig. 9.1 shows part of the water cycle. P shows where liquid water is evaporating into water vapour which rises and then condenses back into drops of liquid water in clouds. Q shows where rain is falling. The rainwater collects in streams and rivers which flow over rocks in the Earth’s crust. P Q sea clouds clouds wind direction streams and rivers rocks in the Earth’s crust Fig. 9.1 (a) State briefly what happens to the rising water vapour, P, in Fig. 9.1 which causes it to condense. [1] (b) Water molecules contain the elements hydrogen and oxygen. A student thinks that the oxygen in water should relight a glowing wooden splint. Explain why a glowing wooden splint does not relight when placed into a test-tube full of water vapour. [2]

22 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (c) The rocks in the Earth’s crust undergo weathering and erosion which are important processes in the formation of clay. (i) State what must be done to objects made of clay to change them into rigid ceramic objects such as dinner plates. [1] (ii) Carbon is a non-metallic element. Explain why rainwater which contains dissolved carbon dioxide causes chemical weathering of limestone rocks. [3]

23 © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (d) Fig. 9.2 shows a simplified diagram of a machine used to wash dishes. cold water dirty water drain electrical heating element Fig. 9.2 In this machine the water, which is to be used to clean the dishes is first heated to a high temperature and then a detergent is added. (i) Describe one disadvantage of using hard water rather than soft water in this machine. [1] (ii) Name a metallic element whose compounds cause hardness in water. [1] (iii) Explain briefly the advantage of adding a detergent to the water in the machine. [1]

24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2010 0654/22/M/J/10 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/22 Paper 22 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2010 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 1 (a) kinetic ; [1] (b) uranium, plutonium ; [1] (c) (i) cannot be replaced / used up more quickly than they are formed ; [1] (ii) solar / sunlight / tides / hydroelectric power / waves / wind / geothermal ; [1] (iii) no atmospheric pollution / no polluting gases ; no carbon dioxide emissions / greenhouse gases / global warming ; no sulfur dioxide emissions / acid rain ; less fossil fuels being burned ; less solid waste produced ; more energy released per kg ; [max 1] (d) to reduce heat / energy / power losses ; high voltage means low current ; lower I2R means less energy lost ; [max 2] (e) (i) split / divide / break ; [1] (ii) negatively charged particle / electron ; [1] [Total: 9] 2 (a) protein function haemoglobin breaks down starch to maltose insulin transports oxygen amylase reduces blood glucose level ;; [2] (b) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (one mark for any two correct) ;; [2] (c) sample A (only) ; purple with biuret test / positive result with biuret test ; [2] (d) liver ; [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 (e) nitrogen fixed / converted to a compound ; by, lightning / bacteria / Haber process ; ref. to nitrate / ammonium / ammonia ; (ignore nitrite) (nitrate / ammonium) taken up through plant roots (must mention roots) ; (ignore osmosis) used to make, amino acids / proteins (in plant) ; [max 3] [Total: 10] 3 (a) (i) hydrogen / H2 ; [1] (ii) A – sodium chloride / common salt / NaCl ; B – chlorine / Cl2 ; D – sodium hydroxide / NaOH ; [2] (iii) conducts (electricity) / good conductor ; does not react with the electrolyte / unreactive ; [2] (iv) (damp) litmus / indicator paper ; is bleached ; [2] or pass through bromide / iodide solution ; displaces other halogen/colour change stated ; (b) (i) (sucrose is the carbohydrate) because it contains only C, H and O / sucralose contains chlorine / another element in addition to C, H, O ; reference to energy released from sucrose; [1] (ii) 42 ; [1] (iii) can use less which offsets extra cost ; (for equivalent sweetening) fewer kilojoules (consumed) ; stated health benefit – control of body weight / diabetes / tooth decay ; [max 2] [Total: 11] 4 (a) (i) A and C ; overall resultant force / unbalanced forces ; [2] (ii) arrows in direction of resultant force ; [1] (iii) gravity (weight) ; [1] (iv) the Earth ; [1] (b) (density) = mass / volume ; = 720 / 80 = 9 (g / cm3) ; [2]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 (c) component to show conduction (lamp ammeter); component to provide PD (battery / cell / power pack) ; correct circuit (including symbols) ; [3] [Total: 10] 5 (a) (i) the greater the light intensity, the faster the rate of photosynthesis ; but at high light intensities no effect on rate ; [2] (ii) energy ; to make carbon dioxide combine with water ; [2] (b) (i) P (upper) epidermis ; Q air space ; R stoma ; [3] (ii) leaf B (no mark) most photosynthesis takes place in palisade cells (compared with other cells) larger / greater area of / greater volume of, palisade cells allows more photosynthesis ; [1] (iii) reduces water loss ; this leaf is exposed to (more) heat from Sun ; not light which would increase evaporation rate ; [max 2] (iv) diffusion ; down concentration gradient ; through, stomata / R ; through, air spaces / Q ; [max 3] (c) environment ; leaves are from the same tree ; so have the same genes ; [max 2] [Total: 15] 6 (a) 7 ; 5 ; [2] (b) (i) test-tube / reaction mixture becomes warm / temperature rises; because reaction gives off heat ; [2] (ii) decrease (acid) temperature ; decrease acid concentration / strength ; lower magnesium surface area / less magnesium ; [max 2] (iii) →magnesium chloride + hydrogen ;; [2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 (c) (i) (mark words separately) metallic reference to typical properties e.g. good conductor / malleable / ductile / sonorous / lustrous / high melting point / high boiling point / forms positive ions ; element contains only one type of atom / found in Periodic Table / other correct ; [2] (ii) beryllium / calcium / strontium / barium ; [1] (iii) 26 – 12 = 14 neutrons ; [1] [Total: 12] 7 (a) (i) A to B ; [1] (ii) 50 ; [1] (iii) (momentum =) mass × velocity ; = 600 × 50 = 30000 (kg m / s) ; [2] (iv) (acceleration =) gradient (or use numbers) ; = 50 / 8 = 6.25 (m / s2) ; [2] (b) (i) (turning effect =) force × distance ; = 0.3 × 300 = 90 (Nm) ; [2] (ii) increase force ; increase distance / longer spanner ; [2] (c) red and green – both needed for mark ; [1] [Total: 11] 8 (a) (stimulus) sound ; (receptor) ear ; (effector) muscle ; [3] (b) (i) 2 ÷ 330 ; 0.006 (s) ; [2] (ii) ring around results for heat 5 ; [1] (iii) lane 8 (no mark) takes longer for sound (of gun) to reach lane 8 ; [1]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 22 © UCLES 2010 (c) (i) breaking down / releasing energy from, glucose / carbohydrate / other ; without oxygen ; [2] (ii) lactic acid ; [1] (iii) combined with oxygen ; in liver ; ref. to breathing faster ; ref. to oxygen debt ; [max 2] [Total: 12] 9 (a) cools ; [1] (b) no (elemental) oxygen gas present ; oxygen is part of a compound / the water (vapour) ; compounds have different properties from the elements in them ; water puts the flame out ; [max 2] (c) (i) (strong) heat / must be fired (in kiln) ; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide is an acidic oxide / causes (rain)water to be acidic / lowers the pH of rain ; acids react with limestone ; limestone contains (calcium) carbonate (which reacts with acids) ; [3] (d) (i) forms limescale on the element / dishes / inside surfaces ; reduces efficiency of the (heating) element / may cause element to overheat / malfunction ; use more detergent ; [max 1] (ii) calcium / magnesium ; [1] (iii) helps to clean objects / improves washing efficiency / kills bacteria ; [1] [Total: 10]