Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2010 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB10 06_0654_21/3RP © UCLES 2010 [Turn over *7179923589* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/21 Paper 2 (Core) May/June 2010 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 1 Fig. 1.1 shows the structure of part of the human nervous system. spinal cord Fig. 1.1 (a) The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system. On Fig. 1.1, label and name one other part of the central nervous system. [1] (b) Complete the following sentences, using some of these words. capillaries current effectors feelings hormones nerves receptors responses stimuli External are picked up by . These generate electrical impulses which travel along to the central nervous system. Electrical impulses are then sent to muscles or glands, which take action. Muscles and glands are . [4]

3 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Humans can only reproduce by sexual reproduction. Many plants, and also some animals, can also reproduce by asexual reproduction. Complete the table to show which statements are always true for sexual reproduction, and which are always true for asexual reproduction. Put a tick (
) where the statement is always true. sexual reproduction asexual reproduction This involves gametes. There is only one parent. The offspring are genetically identical. [3]

4 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 2 Rocks A, B and C, shown in Fig. 2.1, represent the three main classes of rock which are found in the Earth’s crust. Earth’s surface rocks A rocks B rock C Fig. 2.1 After rocks A had formed, molten material from within the Earth moved up through cracks. Rock C formed when this molten material cooled. (a) (i) Rocks A are sedimentary rocks. Name the classes to which rocks B and rock C belong. B C [2] (ii) Suggest what caused rocks B to be formed. [1]

5 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Weathering and erosion are processes which cause rocks on the Earth’s surface to break up. Eventually, soil may form which contains compounds which were once part of rocks. In an investigation of some soil, a chemistry student carried out two experiments as shown in Fig. 2.2. experiment 1 experiment 2 gentle heat limewater turns cloudy dilute hydrochloric acid soil dilute sodium hydroxide solution damp red litmus paper turns blue soil Fig. 2.2 (i) Explain why the result in experiment 1 provides evidence that the soil may have contained material eroded from limestone rock. [2] (ii) Name the gas given off in experiment 2. [1] (iii) Name an ion present in the soil sample which would give the result in experiment 2. [1]

6 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 3 (a) A climber does 12 000 J of work in 1 minute as he climbs a mountain. Calculate the power output of the climber. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working W [2] (b) The climber makes a loud noise. The echo from a mountain 300 m away reaches him 2 seconds later. 300 m mountain climber making loud noise Fig. 3.1 Calculate the speed of sound in air using these results. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working m / s [2]

7 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) The climber uses a torch at night. His torch contains four cells, a switch and a lamp all connected in series. (i) Draw a circuit diagram for this circuit using the correct symbols. [3] (ii) The potential difference across each of the cells in the circuit is 1.5 V. State the total potential difference across the four cells, connected in series. V [1] (d) The climber has a small tent of mass 5 kg which packs tightly into a bag of volume 10 dm3. Calculate the density of the packed tent. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working kg / dm3 [2]

8 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (e) The climber is able to start a fire by focusing the Sun’s rays onto some dried twigs and grass, using a lens (magnifying glass). Complete Fig. 3.2 to show what happens to the rays of light after they have passed through the lens. lens twigs / grass Sun Fig. 3.2 [1]

9 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 4 Large molecules called polymers exist in both natural substances and in materials which have been made in industry. (a) Starch, cellulose and proteins are all natural substances made of polymer molecules. (i) State which one of the substances in (a) could contain the element sulfur. [1] (ii) Polymer molecules are made when smaller molecules join together. What is the general name used for small molecules which join to form polymers? [1] (iii) State the name of the small molecules which join to form starch. [1] (b) Cellulose is one of the main substances in wood. Large numbers of trees are cut down each year to provide wood. Some of these trees are grown on plantations but others are taken from the rain forests. (i) State two important uses for wood. 1 2 [2] (ii) Suggest one disadvantage of taking trees from the rain forests rather than from plantations. [1] (c) Nylon and melamine resin are polymers produced industrially. Nylon is a thermoplastic and melamine resin is a thermoset. Describe what would be observed when nylon and melamine resin are heated, cooled and then heated for a second time. observations for nylon observations for melamine resin [3]

10 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 5 Fig. 5.1 shows a section through a human heart. bicuspid valve muscle in wall of left ventricle A B C D left atrium Fig. 5.1 (a) (i) Which two of the blood vessels A, B, C and D contain oxygenated blood? and [1] (ii) Which two of the blood vessels A, B, C and D are veins? and [1] (b) When the heart beats, the thick muscle in the walls of the ventricles contracts. This squeezes blood out of the heart, into the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Explain why the blood does not go up into the atria when the ventricles contract. [2] (c) Red blood cells contain a protein that transports oxygen. (i) Name this protein. [1] (ii) Name the inorganic ion (mineral) that is needed in the diet to enable the body to make this protein. [1]

11 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) Explain why body cells need oxygen. [2] (d) In the disease AIDS, the HIV virus invades white blood cells. Explain why this makes a person with AIDS more likely to suffer from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. [2] (e) Blood plasma contains dissolved glucose and urea. (i) A boy ate a bar of chocolate. This made his blood glucose level rise above normal. Explain what would happen in his body, to bring the level of glucose in the blood back to normal. [2] (ii) Name the organ in which urea is made. [1]

12 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows how a pH meter is used to measure the pH of a liquid contained in a test-tube. X Y Z pH pH meter Fig. 6.1 A pH meter was used to measure the pH values of three solutions, X, Y and Z. The results are shown in Table 6.2. Table 6.2 solution pH X 3.6 Y 4.1 Z 12.6 (a) (i) State one pair of solutions shown in Table 6.2 that could be used to neutralise each other. Explain your answer. solutions and explanation [1] (ii) In order to make a neutral mixture, the solutions in (i) must be mixed carefully. Suggest how the pH meter should be used to show when a neutral solution has been formed. [2]

13 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) Suggest one advantage of using a pH meter rather than litmus paper when determining the acidity of a solution. [1] (b) (i) Hard water contains small amounts of soluble salts. In the list below, underline the compounds which cause hardness when dissolved in water. sodium chloride magnesium chloride potassium sulfate calcium sulfate potassium nitrate sodium sulfate [2] (ii) State one method which can be used to remove hardness from water. [1] (c) The three diagrams in Fig. 6.3 represent molecules of the elements hydrogen and oxygen, and the compound water. oxygen molecules hydrogen molecules water molecules Fig. 6.3 Use Fig. 6.3 to explain the difference between an element and a compound. [2]

14 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) Many houses are built with cavity walls with a gap between the outside wall and the inside wall. This gap is often filled with insulating board made of foam between two shiny metal foil surfaces. outside wall inside wall foam shiny metal foil surfaces Fig. 7.1 The cavity wall insulation helps to reduce heat transfer through the wall. Use the ideas of conduction, convection and radiation to explain how cavity wall insulation helps reduce heat transfer. [2] (b) Why is it dangerous to use electrical appliances in bathrooms? [1]

15 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) There are many light bulbs in a house. One light bulb is marked ‘230 V, 60 W’. It contains a length of tungsten wire about 50 cm long. The wire is wound into a coil as shown in Fig. 7.2. 230 V 60 W tungsten wire Fig. 7.2 (i) State the power consumption of the light bulb. [1] (ii) When the bulb is switched on, the resistance of the wire is about 1200 Ω. If the bulb was made with twice the length of tungsten wire, what effect would it have on the resistance? [1] (iii) State the type of energy transfers occurring in the light bulb when it is switched on. type of energy input to light bulb types of energy output from light bulb and [3] (iv) The visible light emitted by the light bulb is one part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Name one other part of the electromagnetic spectrum and give a use for it. part of the electromagnetic spectrum use [2]

16 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (d) Fig. 7.3 shows an electromagnet being used in a door lock. iron bolt door door frame spring coil iron core switch Fig. 7.3 (i) When the switch is pressed, the iron bolt moves to the left. Explain why this happens. [3] (ii) Would this door lock work if the bolt was made of aluminium? Explain your answer. [1] (iii) The electrical connections to the coil were accidentally reversed. Would the door lock with the iron bolt still work? Explain your answer. [1] (iv) Suggest how the strength of the electromagnet could be increased. [1]

17 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 8 (a) Alpha, beta and gamma radiation are three types of radiation emitted during radioactive decay. Name a suitable detector for these three types of radiation. [1] (b) Alpha radiation is described as ionising radiation. (i) Explain the meaning of the term ionising radiation. [1] (ii) Explain why it is more dangerous to swallow a substance that emits alpha radiation than one that emits gamma radiation. [2] (c) In a nuclear power station, nuclear fuel such as uranium gives out energy. State what happens to the uranium atoms. [1] (d) At a nuclear power station, technicians will be working close to radioactive sources. Describe one way in which these workers can be protected from the radiation emitted. [1]

18 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 9 An experiment was carried out in Sweden into the effects of different types of fertiliser on the mass of potatoes harvested. The land was divided into three plots. Two plots were treated with different fertilisers. The third plot had no fertiliser added. Plot A manure (cattle droppings and straw) Plot B NPK fertiliser (inorganic fertiliser containing nitrate, phosphate and potassium) Plot C no fertiliser added Table 9.1 shows some of the results of the experiment. Table 9.1 plot treatment mass of potatoes harvested per hectare per year / tonnes A manure 35.5 B NPK fertiliser 36.2 C no fertiliser 28.7 (a) (i) The inorganic fertiliser contained nitrate ions, NO3 -. Name the part of the plant through which nitrate ions are absorbed. [1] (ii) Explain why plants can use nitrate ions, but not nitrogen gas, N2. [1] (iii) Explain why plants need nitrogen. [1] (iv) Suggest why potato plants that were given NPK fertiliser produced a greater mass of potatoes than potato plants given no fertiliser. [2]

19 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (v) The effects on the plants of adding NPK fertiliser to the field could be seen almost straight away. The effects of adding manure took longer. Suggest why the plants took longer to respond to the addition of manure than to the addition of NPK fertiliser. [2] (b) Plants absorb water from the soil, through their root hairs. (i) Name the process by which the water is absorbed. [1] (ii) Complete the word equation to show how water is used in photosynthesis. water + glucose + [2] (iii) Name the type of cell, in a plant leaf, in which photosynthesis takes place. [1] (iv) Describe how water vapour is lost from the leaves of a plant. [2]

20 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use 10 (a) The grid in Fig. 10.1 shows the arrangement of the first twenty elements in the Periodic Table. V Fig. 10.1 For each of the elements described below, write the letter for each element in the correct box in Fig. 10.1. The first one has been done as an example. Element V is made of the lightest atoms. Element X is the most reactive in Group 7 (Group VII). Element Y is in Period 3 and atoms of Y have two outer electrons. [2] (b) Iron is a transition metal which occurs in the Earth’s crust in the form of iron oxide. (i) State one property of the element iron which is different from an alkali metal such as sodium. [1] (ii) Iron oxide must be reduced in order to extract iron. Describe briefly one way that iron oxide can be reduced. [2]

21 © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 For Examiner's Use (c) Welding is a process used to join pieces of metal together. A very hot flame from a burner causes the edges of the metal to melt together. When the molten parts cool, the pieces of metal are permanently joined. A simplified diagram of the process is shown in Fig. 10.2. pieces of metal to be joined pieces of metal welded together burner mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen gas Fig. 10.2 (i) State two compounds which are formed when any hydrocarbon burns completely in oxygen. 1 2 [2] (ii) Suggest why oxygen gas rather than air is used in the burner shown in Fig. 10.2. [1]

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24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2010 0654/21/M/J/10 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/21 Paper 21 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2010 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 21 © UCLES 2010 1 (a) brain labelled ; [1] (b) stimuli ; receptors ; nerves ; effectors ; [4] (c) sexual reproduction asexual reproduction This involves gametes. ✓ There is only one parent. ✓ The offspring are genetically identical. ✓ ;;; [3] [Total: 8] 2 (a) (i) B – metamorphic ; C – igneous ; [2] (ii) reference to the heating (of rock A) (by rock C) ; [1] (b) (i) carbon dioxide gas produced ; shows the soil contains a carbonate ; limestone is (mainly) composed of (calcium) carbonate ; [max 2] (ii) ammonia ; [1] (iii) ammonium ; [1] [Total: 7] 3 (a) (power =) work/time ; = 12000/60 = 200 (W) ; [2] (b) (speed =) distance/time ; = 600 / 2 = 300 (m/s) ; [2] (c) (i) all symbols correct ; four cells displayed ; all symbols connected in series ; [3] (ii) 6 (V) ; [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 21 © UCLES 2010 (d) (density =) mass/volume ; = 5 / 10 = 0.5 (kg/dm3) ; [2] (e) two straight lines coming to a focus on the twigs / grass ; [1] [Total: 11] 4 (a) (i) proteins ; [1] (ii) monomer(s) ; [1] (iii) glucose ; [1] (b) (i) paper ; building materials ; furniture ; fuel ; other correct ; [max 2] (ii) loss of habitat ; threat to biodiversity ; threat to (new) chemical resources ; other reasonable ; [max 1] (c) nylon, softens / melts, then hardens (on cooling) ; cycle repeats on further heating ; melamine resin does not soften / it chars ; [3] [Total: 9] 5 (a) (i) C and D ; [1] (ii) A and D ; [1] (b) (bicuspid / tricuspid / atrioventricular) valve is (pushed) shut ; idea that pressure of blood causes this ; [2] (c) (i) haemoglobin ; [1] (ii) iron ; [1] (iii) for respiration / to combine with glucose ; to release energy / to provide energy ; [2] (d) white blood cells fight disease ; bacteria / viruses / pathogens ; [2]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 21 © UCLES 2010 (e) (i) insulin secreted ; causes liver to absorb glucose from the blood ; liver changes glucose to glycogen ; [max 2] (ii) liver ; 1 Total: 13 6 (a) (i) X and Z / Y and Z (no mark) X / Y is acid / has pH less than 7 and Z is alkali / has pH greater than 7 ; [1] (ii) pH meter immersed in one liquid as the other is added / pH meter immersed in mixture after each addition ; reference to pH 7 ; [2] (iii) tell what ph it is / ability to tell how acidic a solution is rather than simply acidic ; [1] (b) (i) magnesium chloride ; calcium sulfate ; [2] (ii) boiling / ion exchange / sodium carbonate / bath salts / washing soda ; [1] (c) element contains only one type of atom ; compound contains different atoms (bonded) ; reference to diagram e.g. H2 and O2 diagrams show only one size of circle ; [max 2] [Total: 9] 7 (a) foam / air, is a poor conductor / gap prevents conduction ; foam, stops convection of air / traps air ; radiation reflected by shiny surfaces / foil / metal ; [max 2] (b) water can conduct electricity / danger of electrocution / electric shock ; [1] (c) (i) 60 W ; [1] (ii) increase it / double it ; [1] (iii) input – electrical ; output – light and heat ;; [3] (iv) named part of spectrum ; use ; [2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 21 © UCLES 2010 (d) (i) current (flows in circuit) / electricity passes through ; produces (electro)magnet ; this attracts iron bolt ; [3] (ii) (no – no mark) aluminium is not magnetic / not attracted to electromagnet ; [1] (iii) (yes – no mark) still an electromagnet so still attract bolt ; [1] (iv) more coils / bigger voltage / bigger core ; [1] [Total: 16] 8 (a) Geiger counter / Geiger Müller tube ; [1] (b) (i) can remove electrons from atoms / can form ions ; [1] (ii) alpha radiation is more ionising than gamma ; more likely to be absorbed by body / cells ; will cause more damage internally ; [max 2] (c) nuclei split ; [1] (d) protective clothing described / radiation badges to monitor exposure / lead shielding to stop radiation ; [1] [Total: 6] 9 (a) (i) root / root hair ; [1] (ii) nitrogen gas is, unreactive / inert ; [1] (iii) to make protein / amino acids; [1] (iv) shortage of something in the soil ; more proteins can be made (so more growth) ; detail, e.g. more cells / more cytoplasm ; correct ref. to function of P or K ; [max2] (v) manure contains plant and animal waste e.g. proteins / urea ; which needs to be, broken down decomposed ; to produce, ammonia / nitrates / something that can be used by plants ; NPK has ions that can be absorbed immediately ; [max 2]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2010 0654 21 © UCLES 2010 (b) (i) osmosis ; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide ; oxygen ; [2] (iii) palisade / mesophyll ; [1] (iv) through stomata ; by diffusion ; transpiration ; evaporation ; [max 2] [Total: 13] 10 (a) V Y ; X ; ;; [2] (b) (i) (iron has) greater density / lower reactivity / forms coloured compounds / can act as a catalyst ; [1] (ii) heated with carbon / carbon monoxide / other reducer which works e.g. hydrogen / (named) more reactive metal ; reducing agent combines with / reacts with oxygen ; [2] (c) (i) carbon dioxide / CO2 ; water (vapour) / H2O ; [2] (ii) produces hotter flame / reaches a higher temperature ; reasonable reference to air behaving as ‘dilute’ oxygen ; reference to higher temperatures needed to melt metals ; [max 1] [Total: 8]