Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2016 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages. DC (ST/FD) 123040/3 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 2 8 9 7 0 0 5 7 2 8 * COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/22 Paper 2 (Core) October/November 2016 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a wireless doorbell to alert people inside the house to someone coming to visit. bell unit bell push inside the house outside the house ding dong Fig. 1.1 When the button in the bell push is pressed, a radio signal is sent to the bell unit, and the bell sounds. (a) Table 1.1 shows part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Table 1.1 X-rays ultraviolet infra-red highest frequency lowest frequency In Table 1.1, write the name of the electromagnetic waves used for radio signals in the correct position in the electromagnetic spectrum. [1] (b) The bell push contains an electrical circuit including a source of stored energy. (i) Name the component in an electrical circuit that provides the energy. …[1] (ii) Name the form of energy stored in the component named in (b)(i). …[1]

3 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (c) The bell unit also contains an electrical circuit. Fig. 1.2 shows two different bells, A and B, inside the bell unit. When the radio signal is received, an arm moves and hits the two bells. bell A bell B arm Fig. 1.2 (i) Complete the sequence of useful energy transfers when someone hears the bells. from … energy to … energy to … energy. [2] (ii) Bell A emits a loud sound of frequency 500 Hz. Bell B emits a quieter sound of frequency 250 Hz. State which bell, A or B, produces the sound with the 1. higher pitch, … 2. larger amplitude. … [1] electrical

4 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (d) Fig. 1.3 shows a mains powered bell unit plugged into the mains electricity supply at 220 V in a kitchen. Fig. 1.3 (i) There are hazards when using any appliance connected to the mains electricity supply. Describe one electrical hazard that might affect the bell unit shown in Fig. 1.3. … …[1] (ii) Name a safety component you would expect to find in the bell unit. …[1] (e) The bell push also contains a small lamp which lights up when the bell sounds. Fig. 1.4 shows a lens in front of the lamp. The light from the lamp is concentrated by the lens to form a parallel beam. (i) On Fig. 1.4, draw rays to show how the light from the lamp emerges from the lens as a parallel beam. lamp x Fig. 1.4 [1] (ii) State the name of distance x shown on Fig. 1.4. …[1]

5 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over 2 (a) A molecule of ethanol contains two carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Deduce the formula of ethanol. … [1] (b) Ethanol burns completely to form carbon dioxide and water. Complete the word equation for this reaction. ethanol + + [2] (c) Complete Table 2.1 to show the chemical tests and the results for carbon dioxide and for oxygen. Table 2.1 test result carbon dioxide oxygen [4] (d) The combustion of ethanol is exothermic. Describe the temperature change in an exothermic reaction. …[1] (e) A mixture contains liquid ethanol and water. Name the process that is used to separate two liquids in a mixture. …[1]

6 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 3 Fig. 3.1 shows a plant palisade cell as seen under the microscope. A B C Fig. 3.1 (a) Name the cell parts A, B and C. A … B … C … [3] (b) The cell in Fig. 3.1 is found in the leaf. Fig. 3.2 shows a cross-section of a leaf with most of the cells missing. cross-section of leaf Fig. 3.2 (i) On Fig. 3.2 label the cuticle of the leaf. [1] (ii) Draw the outline of the cell shown in Fig. 3.1 on the diagram of the leaf in Fig. 3.2 to show where the cell is found. [1]

7 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (c) There are many palisade cells in the leaf. They carry out photosynthesis. Complete the word equation for photosynthesis. carbon dioxide + water …[1] (d) The palisade cells need a supply of carbon dioxide and water for photosynthesis. Describe how each of these substances is supplied to the cells. carbon dioxide … … … water … … …[4]

8 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 4 Fig. 4.1 shows an electric iron for smoothing clothes. An electric heater inside the iron is connected to the mains electricity supply. mains electricity cable Fig. 4.1 (a) The heating element inside the electric iron is made of two long thin wires. The wires are connected in parallel with each other, and connected to the mains a.c. power supply through a switch. In Fig. 4.2 complete the circuit diagram for this arrangement. Use the resistor symbol to represent each of the wires connected in parallel. Fig. 4.2 [3]

9 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (b) The thermal energy from the heating element is transferred through a thin solid metal base to the clothes being ironed. (i) Name the method of thermal energy transfer through the base of the iron. …[1] (ii) The base is made of steel of density 8.0 g / cm3. The mass of the base is 128 g. Calculate the volume of the base. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working volume = … cm3 [2] (iii) The area of the base of the iron is 160 cm2. Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the average thickness of the base. Show your working. thickness = … cm [1] (c) A steam iron uses steam to help iron the clothes. Fig. 4.3 below shows a close-up of the molecules of steam and water in a steam iron. Some molecules have been drawn above and below the surface of the water. Draw 4 more molecules to show the arrangement in the steam above the water surface. steam water Fig. 4.3 [1]

10 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (d) Fig. 4.4a and Fig. 4.4b show another switch included inside the iron to control the temperature. This type of switch uses a bimetallic strip, made of two different metals, brass and steel, joined together. Fig. 4.4a shows the switch when the iron is cold. Fig. 4.4b shows the switch when the iron has reached the correct temperature for ironing. brass steel on cold to a.c. power supply to heater Fig. 4.4a steel off hot to a.c. power supply to heater brass Fig. 4.4b Explain why this bimetallic strip switches off the heating element when the temperature increases. … … … …[2]

11 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 5.

12 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 5 Fig. 5.1 shows the apparatus used to pass an electric current through an aqueous copper chloride solution. – + low voltage d.c. supply inert electrodes copper chloride solution Fig. 5.1 (a) Complete the sentences. The positive electrode is called the … and the negative electrode is called the … . The solution through which the electric current passes is called the … . [3] (b) Name the substances formed at each electrode. positive electrode … negative electrode …[2] (c) Copper chloride is made in the reaction between copper oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid. copper oxide + hydrochloric acid copper chloride + water (i) Name one other compound that reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form copper chloride. …[1] (ii) The speed of a reaction is increased by stirring. Suggest one other way of increasing the speed of a reaction. …[1]

13 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (d) Copper is a transition element. Sodium is in Group I of the Periodic Table. Copper is more dense than sodium. Copper is less reactive than sodium. State two other properties of copper that are different from the properties of sodium. 1. … 2. … [2] (e) Bronze is an alloy made by mixing copper and tin. Explain why ancient cutting tools were made of bronze rather than pure copper. … …[1]

14 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 6 Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of an alveolus in the lungs. wall of capillary plasma red blood cell alveolus oxygen Fig. 6.1 (a) An arrow in Fig. 6.1 shows the diffusion of oxygen. Draw another arrow to show the diffusion of carbon dioxide. [1] (b) A student uses a machine to measure the volume of air breathed in and out of his lungs. The machine produces a graph showing the results. Fig. 6.2 shows how the volume of his lungs changes as he breathes in and out while resting. 2.0 0 5 time / s 10 2.5 3.0 volume of lungs / dm3 3.5 4.0 Fig. 6.2 (i) State the volume of air he breathes in with each breath. volume = … dm3 [1]

15 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (ii) Calculate the total volume that he breathes in during ten seconds. Show your working. total volume = … dm3 [1] (c) The student then does a running exercise. His breathing pattern changes. Fig. 6.3 shows how the volume of his lungs changes as he breathes in and out while exercising. 0 2.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 volume of lungs / dm3 5 time / s 10 Fig. 6.3 Describe two ways in which the student’s breathing changes when he starts to exercise. 1. … 2. … [2] (d) The student uses oxygen to release energy through respiration. State two uses in humans of the energy released by respiration. 1. … 2. … [2]

16 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 7 A boy uses a catapult to launch a ball vertically upwards as shown in Fig. 7.1. Fig. 7.1 The boy places a ball of mass 0.055 kg in the catapult. He applies a force to stretch the elastic cords before the ball is launched. This is shown in Fig. 7.2. When the elastic cords are fully stretched, the boy holds the ball at rest in the catapult. no force applied by boy stretching force applied by boy elastic cords (fully stretched) Fig. 7.2 (a) (i) State the name of the unit of force. …[1] (ii) Before the boy stretches the catapult, there is already a small force stretching the elastic cords. State the name of this force. …[1]

17 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (b) Fig. 7.3 shows part of a force (load) / extension graph for the elastic cords. 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 extension / cm 30 35 20 40 60 force (load) / N 80 100 120 Fig. 7.3 When a force of 45 N is applied, the extension is 15 cm. When a force of 60 N is applied, the extension is 20 cm. (i) On Fig. 7.3 plot this data and draw the line of best fit. [2] (ii) Predict the extension when a force of 90 N is applied. extension = …cm [1]

18 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (c) As the elastic stretches, the forces in the two elastic cords change. When the cords are fully stretched by a total force of 100 N, the boy holds the ball without moving the catapult. State the total upward force exerted by the elastic cords. Give a reason for your answer. total upward force = … N reason … …[2] 8 Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Fig. 8.1 shows how it is separated. gasoline refinery gas kerosene fuel oil gas oil bitumen hot petroleum Fig. 8.1 (a) Explain why this process is described as a physical change and not a chemical change. … …[1] (b) State what is meant by the term hydrocarbon. … …[2] (c) Suggest one use for each of the three substances below. refinery gas … gasoline … gas oil …[3]

19 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 [Turn over (d) Methane, CH4, and ethane, C2H6, are found in petroleum. The structure of methane is shown in Fig. 8.2. C H H methane H H Fig. 8.2 Complete the structure of ethane below. C H ethane [2]

20 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 9 Fig. 9.1 shows a food web in a lake. algae water fleas tadpoles microscopic animals aquatic insects small fish turtles large fish Fig. 9.1 (a) Define the term food web. … … …[2] (b) Use the words or phrases in the list below to complete the following sentences. Each word or phrase can be used once, more than once, or not at all. consumers Earth environment lake parasites producers turtles Sun water fleas The source of energy for this food web is the … . The algae are … because they make their own food by photosynthesis. All the remaining organisms are … . In this food web … are an example of herbivores and … are an example of carnivores. [5]

21 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 (c) Later in the year the tadpoles develop into frogs and leave the lake. Predict and explain how this would affect (i) the algae, … … …[1] (ii) the large fish. … … …[1]

22 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 BLANK PAGE

23 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

24 0653/22/O/N/16 © UCLES 2016 Group The Periodic Table of Elements 1 H hydrogen 1 2 He helium 4 I II III IV V VI VII VIII 3 Li lithium 7 4 Be beryllium 9 atomic number atomic symbol Key name relative atomic mass 11 Na sodium 23 12 Mg magnesium 24 19 K potassium 39 20 Ca calcium 40 37 Rb rubidium 85 38 Sr strontium 88 55 Cs caesium 133 56 Ba barium 137 87 Fr francium – 88 Ra radium – 5 B boron 11 13 Al aluminium 27 31 Ga gallium 70 49 In indium 115 81 Tl thallium 204 6 C carbon 12 14 Si silicon 28 32 Ge germanium 73 50 Sn tin 119 82 Pb lead 207 22 Ti titanium 48 40 Zr zirconium 91 72 Hf hafnium 178 104 Rf rutherfordium – 23 V vanadium 51 41 Nb niobium 93 73 Ta tantalum 181 105 Db dubnium – 24 Cr chromium 52 42 Mo molybdenum 96 74 W tungsten 184 106 Sg seaborgium – 25 Mn manganese 55 43 Tc technetium – 75 Re rhenium 186 107 Bh bohrium – 26 Fe iron 56 44 Ru ruthenium 101 76 Os osmium 190 108 Hs hassium – 27 Co cobalt 59 45 Rh rhodium 103 77 Ir iridium 192 109 Mt meitnerium – 28 Ni nickel 59 46 Pd palladium 106 78 Pt platinum 195 110 Ds darmstadtium – 29 Cu copper 64 47 Ag silver 108 79 Au gold 197 111 Rg roentgenium – 30 Zn zinc 65 48 Cd cadmium 112 80 Hg mercury 201 112 Cn copernicium – 114 Fl flerovium – 116 Lv livermorium – 7 N nitrogen 14 15 P phosphorus 31 33 As arsenic 75 51 Sb antimony 122 83 Bi bismuth 209 8 O oxygen 16 16 S sulfur 32 34 Se selenium 79 52 Te tellurium 128 84 Po polonium – 9 F fluorine 19 17 Cl chlorine 35.5 35 Br bromine 80 53 I iodine 127 85 At astatine – 10 Ne neon 20 18 Ar argon 40 36 Kr krypton 84 54 Xe xenon 131 86 Rn radon – 21 Sc scandium 45 39 Y yttrium 89 57–71 lanthanoids 89–103 actinoids 57 La lanthanum 139 89 Ac lanthanoids actinoids The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.) actinium – 58 Ce cerium 140 90 Th thorium 232 59 Pr praseodymium 141 91 Pa protactinium 231 60 Nd neodymium 144 92 U uranium 238 61 Pm promethium – 93 Np neptunium – 62 Sm samarium 150 94 Pu plutonium – 63 Eu europium 152 95 Am americium – 64 Gd gadolinium 157 96 Cm curium – 65 Tb terbium 159 97 Bk berkelium – 66 Dy dysprosium 163 98 Cf californium – 67 Ho holmium 165 99 Es einsteinium – 68 Er erbium 167 100 Fm fermium – 69 Tm thulium 169 101 Md mendelevium – 70 Yb ytterbium 173 102 No nobelium – 71 Lu lutetium 175 103 Lr lawrencium –

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. This document consists of 7 printed pages. © UCLES 2016 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/22 Paper 2 Core Theory October/November 2016 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 80 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2016 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0653 22 © UCLES 2016 1 (a) radio (waves) in RH box ; [1] (b) (i) cell / battery ; [1] (ii) chemical (energy) ; [1] (c) (i) kinetic ; sound ; [2] (ii) (higher pitch) A and (larger amplitude) A ; [1] (d) (i) any one from: damp conditions / water ; damaged insulation (in unit) ; current too high / could overheat / cause a fire ; [1] (ii) fuse ; [1] (e) (i) at least two diverging rays from a point on lamp to lens, then emerging from lens parallel (as shown, arrows not required) ; [1] (ii) focal length ; [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0653 22 © UCLES 2016 2 (a) C2H5OH / C2H6O any order / CH3CH2OH ; [1] (b) (ethanol) + oxygen ➔ carbon dioxide + water LHS ; RHS ; [2] (c) test result carbon dioxide limewater ; (turns) cloudy ; oxygen glowing splint ; relights ; [4] (d) increases ; [1] (e) fractional distillation ; [1] 3 (a) A cell wall ; B chloroplast ; C vacuole ; [3] (b) (i) cuticle correctly labelled on diagram ; [1] (ii) cell drawn right way up in palisade layer ; [1] (c) sugar / glucose + oxygen ; [1] (d) carbon dioxide - any two from: by diffusion ; through the stomata / intercellular spaces ; from the air ; water - any two from: through the xylem ; from the roots / by the transpiration stream ; from the soil ; [4]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0653 22 © UCLES 2016 4 (a) resistor and switch symbols ; resistors in parallel ; supply, switch, in series ; [3] (b) (i) conduction ; [1] (ii) density = mass / volume or d = m / V or V = m / d or 128/8 ; = 16 (cm3) ; [2] (iii) (thickness = volume / area = 16 / 160) = 0.10 (cm) [1] (c) diagram shows example only – look for four similar-sized circles placed randomly apart from each other and from the given circle ; [1] (d) metals expand on heating ; brass expands more than steel ; so bends and breaks contact ; [max 2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0653 22 © UCLES 2016 5 (a) anode ; cathode ; electrolyte ; [3] (b) chlorine ; copper ; [2] (c) (i) copper hydroxide / copper carbonate (/ copper sulphide) ; [1] (ii) increase temperature / increase concentration / catalyst / decrease particle size ; [1] (d) any two from: (copper) forms coloured compounds ; (copper) has higher melting point / boiling point ; copper / copper compounds act as catalyst(s) ; AVP [2] (e) (bronze is) harder / stronger ; [1] 6 (a) arrow drawn going from plasma into alveolus ; [1] (b) (i) 0.6 dm3 [1] (ii) (0.6 × 3) = 1.8 dm3 [1] (c) became faster ; became deeper ; [2] (d) any two from: muscle contraction ; protein synthesis ; cell division ; growth ; passage of nerve impulses ; maintenance of body temperature ; [2]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0653 22 © UCLES 2016 7 (a) (i) newton ; [1] (ii) weight / gravitational force ; [1] (b) (i) points plotted at (45,15) and (60, 20) +/– half a small square ; graph line extended to at least to (60, 20) ; [2] (ii) answer in range 24 (cm) to 30 (cm) ; [1] (c) 100 (N) ; when cords are fully stretched, no further movement / change in length / forces balanced / owtte ; [2] 8 (a) no new substance made / no chemical reaction occurs ; [1] (b) compound / molecule ; any one from: containing hydrogen and carbon ; only; [2] (c) (refinery gas) heating / cooking ; AVP (gasoline) car fuel / petrol ; AVP (gas oil) lorry fuel / bus fuel / diesel ; AVP [3] (d) C–C bond shown (1) fully correct structure (2) ;; [2]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2016 0653 22 © UCLES 2016 9 (a) (a network of) interconnected food chains ; showing energy flow (through part of an ecosystem) ; [2] (b) Sun ; producers ; consumers ; water flea ; turtle ; [5] (c) (i) (algae) increase less being eaten ; [1] (ii) (large fish) decrease less food ; [1]