Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2011 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB11 06_0653_22/3RP © UCLES 2011 [Turn over *3737267147* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/22 Paper 2 (Core) May/June 2011 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 BLANK PAGE

3 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 1 A man wearing a parachute jumps from an aeroplane. There is an upward force and a downward force acting on the man as he begins to fall. After a time his speed of fall becomes constant. (a) (i) Name the force which acts downwards on the parachute jumper. [1] (ii) Explain in terms of forces why the man’s speed of fall becomes constant. [2] (b) After a while the parachute jumper opens his parachute. The speed-time graph in Fig. 1.1 shows his fall from the aeroplane until he reaches the ground. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 time / s speed m / s Fig. 1.1 (i) Mark on the graph with the letter X a point at which the man’s speed is constant. [1] (ii) Mark on the graph with the letter Y the point at which the parachute is opened. [1] (iii) Mark on the graph with the letter Z the point at which the man reached the ground. [1]

4 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 2 (a) Draw lines to link each description to the correct part of a cell. contains DNA controls what enters and leaves the cell is partially permeable cell wall description part of a cell nucleus cell surface membrane is fully permeable [4] (b) Many metabolic reactions take place in the cytoplasm of cells. (i) What is the name given to the chemicals that catalyse these metabolic reactions? [1] (ii) Explain why the metabolic reactions cannot take place if the temperature of the cell becomes very high. [1]

5 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Human bones contain cells surrounded by the mineral calcium phosphate. A study was carried out in Brazil into the mineral content of the leg bones of school children between the ages of 10 and 19 years. The mineral content was measured as the mass of mineral per cm3 of bone. Some of the results are shown in Fig. 2.2. 10–11 12–13 14–15 16–17 18–19 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 ages / years mineral content / g per cm3 Fig. 2.2 (i) Describe how the mineral content of bone changes between the ages of 10 and 19 years. [2] (ii) Use the information in Fig. 2.2 to explain why a teenager should have a diet containing plenty of dairy products such as milk and cheese. [2] (iii) Bone also contains a protein called collagen. Vitamin C is required to make collagen. Name one food that contains large amounts of vitamin C. [1]

6 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 3 A student investigated the reactivity of four metals A, B, C and D, by comparing the rate at which these metals reacted in dilute acid. Fig. 3.1 shows what the student observed during the experiment. no reaction A very slow bubbling B no reaction C fast bubbling D Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Predict and explain what would be observed if a lighted splint is held in the mouth of the test-tube in which metal D is reacting. [2] (ii) Explain briefly why the student’s observations did not allow her to place all four metals into order based on their reactivity. [1]

7 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Fig. 3.2 shows the apparatus the student used to react dilute sulfuric acid with copper carbonate powder. side-arm test-tube dilute sulfuric acid copper carbonate test-tube Fig. 3.2 The student’s observations are listed below. 1 All of the copper carbonate reacted and dissolved. 2 A gas was given off which turned the solution in the smaller test-tube cloudy. 3 A blue solution remained in the side-arm test-tube. (i) Suggest the name of the solution in the smaller test-tube. [1] (ii) Complete the word equation for the reaction in the side-arm test-tube. copper carbonate + sulfuric acid + + [2]

8 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a room heated by a convector heater, placed in the middle of the floor. heater A B C D E Fig. 4.1 (i) On Fig. 4.1 draw the convection currents of air produced by the heater. Use arrows to show their direction. [2] (ii) State which labelled part of the room will be the coldest, hottest. Explain your answers. [3]

9 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) The heater uses electricity and is plugged into a socket along with some other electrical devices. Fig. 4.2 shows the socket. State and explain one electrical danger that is visible. to electric heater to cooker to kettle Fig. 4.2 danger explanation [2] (c) Most of the electricity used by the heater is generated using the combustion of fossil fuels. Some electricity is generated using nuclear fuel. (i) State one advantage of generating electricity from nuclear fuel. [1] (ii) State one disadvantage of generating electricity from nuclear fuel. [1]

10 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 5 (a) Name the part of a flower that carries out each of the following functions. (i) attracts insects to the flower [1] (ii) makes pollen [1] (b) (i) The cells in the petals of most flowers do not contain chlorophyll. They are supplied with sugar that is made in the leaves. Describe how sugar is made in the leaves of a plant. [3] (ii) Suggest one reason why the cells in flowers need sugars. [1]

11 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows crude oil and natural gas trapped in underground rocks. The diagram is not drawn to scale. layers of underground rocks natural gas crude oil trees Fig. 6.1 (a) Wood obtained from trees and compounds obtained from crude oil and natural gas can be used as fuels. (i) Name a solid fossil fuel. [1] (ii) State two reasons why crude oil and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels but wood is not. 1 2 [2] (b) Hexane, C6H14, is one of a very large number of different hydrocarbons which are found in crude oil. Gasoline (car fuel) is a mixture of hydrocarbons which contains a large amount of hexane. (i) Name the process which is used to separate gasoline from crude oil. [1] (ii) Suggest one reason why crude oil is not put into the fuel tanks of cars. [1]

12 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use (c) In a car, gasoline and air are taken into the engine and a mixture of waste (exhaust) gases is released into the atmosphere. exhaust gases gasoline and air Table 6.1 shows some of the gases in a car’s exhaust. Table 6.1 substance in exhaust gases carbon dioxide carbon monoxide nitrogen nitrogen dioxide oxygen water vapour (i) State the approximate percentage of oxygen gas in unpolluted air. [1] (ii) Explain why the mixture of exhaust gases contains less gaseous oxygen than is present in the air taken into the engine. [1] (iii) A car engine is running inside a building without a good supply of fresh air. Explain why people near the car could be in danger. [2]

13 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) Fig. 6.2 shows the balanced equation for the complete combustion of methane. The reactants and products are shown using displayed (graphical) chemical formulae. H H + H H C O O O C O O O + H O H O H H Fig. 6.2 Re-write the equation in Fig. 6.2 using molecular formulae. The equation has been started for you. CH4 + + [3]

14 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) The diagrams below show the symbols for three parts of an electric circuit in a torch. (i) On the line below each diagram state the name of the part. … … … [3] (ii) Draw a circuit diagram to show how these three parts are connected in a torch. [2] (b) Fig. 7.1 shows • three types of electromagnetic wave, • a use for each type of wave. Draw a straight line from each type of wave to the correct use. type of wave use of wave X-ray cooking radio wave long distance communication infra-red viewing broken bones Fig. 7.1 [1]

15 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 8 Guanacos are relatives of camels and live in the Andes mountains in South America. They feed on grasses and other plants. They are killed and eaten by pumas. Fig. 8.1 shows a guanaco. Fig. 8.1 (a) For each statement below, choose the correct ecological term from the list. community consumer decomposer ecosystem habitat population producer definition ecological term all the guanacos that live in a particular area all the species of animals and plants that live in a particular area an organism, such as a guanaco or a puma, that feeds on other organisms [3]

16 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use (b) Guanacos can live at very high altitudes, above 4000 metres. There is less oxygen in the air than at sea level. (i) Describe how oxygen from the air enters the blood of a mammal, such as a guanaco. [2] (ii) The blood of a guanaco contains four times as many red blood cells per cm3 as the blood of a human. This helps the guanaco to survive in its environment. Suggest an explanation for this. [2] (c) Guanacos are an endangered species. Several countries in South America have conservation programmes to try to increase the numbers of guanacos. Suggest why it is important to conserve guanacos. [2]

17 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a smoke detector that uses the isotope americium-241, which emits alpha radiation. battery electrode electrode Radiation from americium-241 ionises particles in air, allowing an electric current to flow between the two electrodes. Fig. 9.1 Smoke particles stop radiation from reaching the air particles. This causes the current to stop flowing, causing the alarm to sound. (i) Explain why beta or gamma radiation sources would not be suitable for this smoke detector. [2] (ii) Explain why alpha radiation is harmful to living organisms, even though it can be easily stopped. [2] (b) Some radiation in the environment is produced naturally. This is called background radiation. State one major source of background radiation. [1] (c) Suggest one precaution that must be taken when handling radioactive sources. [1]

18 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 For Examiner's Use 10 Lithium and its compounds have many important uses. (a) (i) Use the Periodic Table on page 20 to find the group number and period number of lithium. group number period number [1] (ii) Fig. 10.1 shows how the element lithium is stored. Li hydrocarbon oil pieces of lithium Fig. 10.1 State and explain why it is necessary to store lithium in this way. [2] (iii) Fig. 10.2 shows a student’s attempt to draw the arrangement of all the electrons in a lithium atom. Fig. 10.2 State two mistakes that the student has made. 1 2 [2]

19 © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iv) Explain whether or not a piece of solid lithium would conduct an electric current. [1] (b) The uncombined element, lithium, is made when the salt lithium chloride is used in electrolysis. (i) Lithium chloride is an ionic compound. State one difference between a lithium ion and a lithium atom. [1] (ii) Fig. 10.3 shows a simplified diagram of the electrolysis of lithium chloride. In this electrolysis, lithium is formed at the cathode. low voltage power supply + – molten electrolyte containing lithium chloride Fig. 10.3 Label the cathode on Fig. 10.3. [1] (iii) Complete the word equation below which describes the electrolysis of lithium chloride. lithium chloride lithium + [1]

20 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2011 0653/22/M/J/11 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0653 COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/22 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0653 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 1 (a) (i) gravity / weight ; [1] (ii) idea of balanced forces / equal and opposite ; no acceleration ; [2] (b) (i) X on a horizontal part of the graph ; (not at 50) [1] (ii) Y in correct position ; [1] (iii) at end of graph / on the vertical part of graph at 110 s ; [1] [Total: 6] 2 (a) description part of a cell contains DNA controls what enters and leaves the cell is partially permeable cell wall nucleus cell surface membrane is fully permeable ;;;; (one mark for each line) [4] (b) (i) enzymes ; [1] (ii) enzymes, denatured / destroyed ; [1] (c) (i) increases ; steadily / linear, increase ; from 0.6 to 1.1 (g / cm3) / by 0.5 (g / cm3) ; [max 2] (ii) these foods contain calcium ; needed for bones ; [2] (iii) any citrus fruit / blackcurrants / other valid food source ; [1] [Total: 11]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0653 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 3 (a) (i) ignites / pops ; hydrogen is given off ; [2] (ii) both A and C did not react / two did not react / cannot decide between A and C ; [1] (b) (i) limewater / calcium hydroxide / slaked lime ; [1] (ii) copper sulfate + carbon dioxide + water ;; [2] (all correct scores 2 marks, two correct scores 1 mark) [Total: 6] 4 (a) (i) lines + arrows showing upward movement from the heater ; lines + arrows showing downward movement round the side ; [2] (ii) coldest A ; hottest C ; hot air rises / cold air sinks ; hot air less dense than cold air (vice versa) ; [max 3] (b) risk of fire / overheating ; because socket overloaded ; OR risk of electrocution / shock (if touched) ; because insulation damaged / live wires exposed ; [max 2] (c) (i) no CO2 production / no global warming / no depletion of fossil fuels ; [1] (ii) radiation leaks / nuclear accidents / problems of storage of nuclear waste ; [1] [Total: 9] 5 (a) (i) petals / nectaries ; [1] (ii) anther / stamen ; [1] (b) (i) photosynthesis ; carbon dioxide combined with water ; using energy from (sun)light ; (energy) captured by chlorophyll ; [max 3] (ii) for respiration / for energy / to make nectar / any named energy-consuming process ; [1] [Total: 6]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0653 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 6 (a) (i) coal / peat ; [1] (ii) reference to: timescale / time to renew ; action of, heat / pressure ; action of microorganisms / decay ; [max 2] (b) (i) fractional distillation / fractionation ; [1] (ii) too viscous / difficult to ignite ; [1] (c) (i) 20 – 22 % ; [1] (ii) some of it has been used to burn the fuel ; [1] (iii) carbon monoxide / nitrogen oxides, produced ; toxic to humans ; [2] (d) (CH4 + ) 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O ;;; (one mark for each correct formula) [3] [Total: 12] 7 (a) (i) lamp ; cell ; switch ; [3] (ii) correct symbols linked together ; in series ; [2] (b) type of wave use of wave x-ray cooking radio wave long distance communication infra-red viewing broken bones ;; [1] [Total: 6]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0653 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 8 (a) population ; community ; consumer ; [3] (b) (i) diffusion ; from, alveoli / air sacs ; [2] (ii) more oxygen can be absorbed from the air / compensates for lack of oxygen ; more oxygen, carried by blood / supplied to cells ; for respiration / for energy ; [max 2] (c) ref. to species diversity ; idea of their importance in food chain / provide food for pumas / so pumas won't become extinct ; other, e.g. tourism / moral arguments ; [max 2] [Total: 9] 9 (a) (i) beta / gamma, too penetrating ; can pass through smoke ; alarm would not stop / current would not flow / beta or gamma not ionising enough ; beta or gamma would be a hazard to people ; [max 2] (ii) highly ionising ; can damage cells / cause mutation / cause cancer / damages DNA ; 2] (b) (granite) rocks / ground / radon / cosmic radiation ; [1] (c) wear gloves / lead shield / wear radiation badge ; [1] [Total: 6] 10 (a) (i) group 1 period 2 ; [1] (ii) lithium, is (very) reactive / easily combines with other elements ; oil forms protective barrier / oil prevents reaction with, air / oxygen / water ; [2] (iii) lithium atoms have two shells / first shell can contain only two electrons ; lithium atoms have three electrons ; [2] (correctly re-drawn diagram scores 2 marks) (iv) (yes) lithium is a metal / on left of Periodic Table ; (or no) (although a metal it is so reactive) it is covered with corrosion / oxide which acts as an insulator ; [max 1]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2011 0653 22 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 (b) (i) ion is electrically charged and atom is neutral / ion and atom have different numbers of electrons / ion has a full outer shell ; [1] (ii) label line to left electrode ; [1] (iii) chlorine ; [1] [Total: 9]