Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2014 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (NF/CGW) 80245/8 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 3 1 2 3 2 4 2 9 6 4 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/22 Paper 2 October/November 2014 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3 and Photograph B for Question 4. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 1 Study the map extract for Doelfontein, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north west part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below. PO 88 87 86 85 84 83 88 08 09 10 11 08 09 A E B D C 10 11 87 86 85 84 83 Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A; … [1] (ii) feature B; … [1] (iii) the height above sea level of the spot height at C; … [1] (iv) the height above sea level of the contour at D; … [1] (v) the type of road at E. … [1]

3 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (b) Find the Big Ben mining area (1681,1680) in the east of the map extract. Give map evidence for mining in this area. … … … … … … … … [4] (c) Find Mt Cazalet and Spitzkop hill in the west of the map extract. (i) Give the six figure grid reference for the trigonometrical station at the top of Mt Cazalet. … [1] (ii) Give the bearing from grid north to the top of Spitzkop hill from the top of Mt Cazalet. … degrees [1] (iii) Give the compass direction to the top of Spitzkop hill from the top of Mt Cazalet. … [1]

4 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 (d) Fig. 2 is a cross section along northing 78 from 100780 to 150780. 1100 1000 900 1100 1000 150780 100780 track metres above sea level metres above sea level 900 Fig. 2 On Fig. 2, using labelled arrows, mark the positions of: (i) the wide tarred road; [1] (ii) the 33 kV power line; [1] (iii) the railway. [1]

5 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (e) Fig. 3 shows the location of two areas in the north of the map extract. These are Judds Farm and Exchange. Study the two areas and answer the questions below. 88 87 86 85 88 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 87 86 85 JUDDS FARM EXCHANGE Fig. 3 The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. area at Judds Farm area at Exchange both these areas neither of these areas Example: tarred road ✓ track, cut line or game trail dip tank reservoir flat or gently sloping land drainage flows to the west [5] [Total: 20 marks]

6 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 2 Fig. 4 shows three instruments, A, B and C, kept at a weather station. Study Fig. 4 and answer the questions on the opposite page. A B C 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 –5 –10 –15 –20 –25 °C –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 °C Fig. 4

7 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (a) Identify instruments A, B and C. A … B … C … [3] (b) Using instrument A on Fig. 4, state the direction from which the wind is blowing. … [1] (c) On Fig. 4, label the position of the alcohol in instrument C. [1] (d) Using the information from instrument C on Fig. 4, state: (i) the coldest temperature since the instrument was re-set; … [1] (ii) the hottest temperature since the instrument was re-set; … [1] (iii) the current temperature. … [1] [Total: 8 marks]

8 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 3 Photograph A (Insert) shows an area of tropical rainforest. (a) Describe the vegetation shown in the photograph. … … … … … … … … … … [4]

9 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (b) Study Fig. 5, which shows the climate of the area shown in Photograph A. J 0 10 20 0 100 200 300 400 mean temperature (°C) mean rainfall (mm) 30 F M A M J months J A S O N D Fig. 5 Use the information in Fig. 5 to complete the table below. Feature of the climate Amount Description mean temperature of the hottest month … °C hot mean temperature of the coldest month 26 °C … annual temperature range … °C very low annual rainfall 2790 mm … [4] [Total: 8 marks]

10 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 4 (a) Photograph B (Insert) shows a settlement in the Caribbean. Describe the housing shown in the photograph. … … … … … … … … … … [5]

11 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (b) Table 1 shows the population and services of five settlements. Table 1 Settlement Population Number of services primary schools convenience stores doctors’ surgery supermarkets secondary schools A 956 1 4 1 0 0 B 7931 1 7 1 0 0 C 438 0 2 0 0 0 D 10 842 3 8 2 2 1 E 8962 2 7 1 1 0 (i) What is the minimum population needed for a settlement to have a supermarket? … [1] (ii) List the settlements shown in Table 1 (A, B, C, D or E) in order of importance in a settlement hierarchy below. Settlement highest … … … … … lowest [2] [Total: 8 marks]

12 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 5 Fig. 6 gives information about the output from subsistence agriculture in the regions of Cameroon, West Africa. N Nigeria Niger Chad 2 900 and over Key output from subsistence agriculture (thousand tonnes) 600 – 899 300 – 599 0 – 299 4 region number international boundary 8 7 10 600 km 0 Central African Rep. Congo Gabon Equatorial Guinea Atlantic Ocean regional boundary 5 6 7 10 4 9 3 1 Fig. 6 (a) Describe the distribution of the regions with the highest output. … … … … [2] (b) (i) Region 1 has a subsistence agriculture area of 360 thousand hectares and an output of 400 thousand tonnes. Plot this information on Fig. 7. [1] 0 100 2 200 area of subsistence agriculture (thousand hectares) output from subsistence agriculture (thousand tonnes) 300 400 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2 8 3 6 4 5 10 7 6 7 8 9 10 4 region number Key Fig. 7

13 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (ii) Using Fig. 7 opposite, describe the relationship between the output from subsistence agriculture and the area of land that is used to produce it. … … [1] (c) State two factors which affect output from subsistence agriculture. 1 … 2 … [2] (d) It is not always easy to increase the output from subsistence agriculture. Fig. 8 shows one reason for this. Complete Fig. 8 by adding, in the correct spaces, the following labels: decreasing soil fertility and yields no fertiliser or improved seeds little surplus to sell low or decreased outputs no capital to invest … … … … … … Fig. 8 [2] [Total: 8 marks]

14 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 6 Fig. 9 shows the Mekong River in south east Asia. The Mekong is one of the largest rivers in the world and supplies water for a variety of purposes. Study Fig. 9 and answer the questions on the opposite page. Burma China 0 400 N Source of river on Tibetan Plateau. Melting snow provides much of the dry season flow lower down the river. Erosion in the upper Mekong provides much of the sediment carried by the river. km Key international boundary Mekong River Vietnam Vietnam sea sea sea sea Laos Thailand Trade takes place by small boat. The river is becoming important for international navigation. In the lower Mekong two thirds of the population are involved in fishing. Fish is the most important protein in the diet of poorer people. Flood plain and delta are farmed intensively Cambodia Fig. 9

15 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 (a) Name two countries that have part of their international boundary following the Mekong River. 1 … 2 … [1] (b) Estimate the length of the Mekong River shown on Fig. 9. Circle one correct answer below. 3200 kms 3600 kms 4200 kms 4800 kms [1] (c) Several countries along the Mekong River are building large dams for hydroelectricity and water supply. Using Fig. 9 only, suggest how dam construction might cause problems for people living close to the river. … … … … … … … … … … [4] (d) Using Fig. 9, suggest why disagreements might occur over the use of the water of the Mekong River. … … … … … … [2] [Total: 8 marks]

16 0460/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 Photograph A Photograph by D. A. Kelly © UCLES. Question 4 Photograph B Photograph by D. A. Kelly © UCLES. Question 5 Figs 6 & 7 http://www.targetmap.com. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2014 series 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/22 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2014 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 1 (a) (i) post office/building [1] (ii) bridge/railway bridge [1] (iii) 1016 m [1] (iv) 1000 m In (iii) and (iv) use of units once is sufficient. If both (iii) and (iv) are correct but without units once allow one mark [1] (v) gravel/earth [1] (b) mine name mine dump mining/prospecting trench reservoir(s) power (line)/electricity buildings/staff quarters [4] (c) (i) 080811/2 [1] (ii) 035 – 037° [1] (iii) N.E./N.N.E. [1] (d) (i) position of wide tarred road 37 – 40 mm from left hand margin [1] (ii) position of power line 59 – 62 mm from left hand margin [1] (iii) position of railway 71 – 74 mm from left hand margin [1] Use the ruler device to measure the answers Arrows should end within about 1cm of the profile. Measure to the point that the arrow projects to

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (e) [5] 2 (a) A wind vane/weather vane B anemometer, (allow spelling errors if meaning is clear) C max(imum) – min(imum) thermometers/Six’s thermometer If more than one answer mark the first given [3] (b) north (allow north west) [1] (c) correct position of alcohol labelled (two possibilities) The word “alcohol” is needed [1] (d) (i) 5°C [1] (ii) 17°C [1] (iii) 15°C In (i), (ii) and (iii) the use of the units once is sufficient [1] track, cut line or game trail
* dip tank
reservoir
* flat or gently sloping land
* drainage to the west

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 3 (a) tall trees emergent bare/branchless trunks thin/slender/straight trunks dense/crowded/thick luxuriant/lush variety/many types canopy broad/large leaves palms flowers/bright/orange, (allow bright/orange leaves) bamboo/shorter trees/ferns/grass/bushes in foreground [4] (b) 28(°C) hot/quite hot 2(°C) If hottest month is incorrect carry the error forward but if 2°C given ignore the answer for the hottest month high/very high/wet/heavy [4] 4 (a) huts small some larger/different sizes single storey stilts/legs, (allow alternative phrases) on slope/steep slope/hill/hillside one/two/three/few windows gently sloping roofs/overhanging roofs white/pink/blue/grey/brown/colourful [5] (b) (i) 7932 – 8962, (any figure within this tolerance) [1] (ii) D E B A C All correct = 2 3/4 in correct relative order = 1 [2] 5 (a) in south/south west in east/south east/on (international) boundary/next to Congo/CAR coastal inland Allow the phrase “near to” in points 2 and 3. [2]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (b) (i) correct plot of Region 1 at 360 thousand ha and 400 thousand tonnes Allow an unlabelled dot [1] (ii) no relationship possible/slight/tendency towards/weak inverse relationship [1] (c) rainfall/drought/floods/soil moisture hail temperature/frost sunshine/light intensity/length of days relief soils/soil erosion/soil fertility/land quality pests/insects/pesticides weeds/herbicides diseases amount of land available animal damage/fencing skill/knowledge/education amount of labour machinery/technology/tools/equipment irrigation manure/fertiliser seeds/crop variety/crop type capital/poverty government policy non-governmental organisations fragmentation of holdings [2] (d) Low or decreased yield Little surplus to sell No capital to invest No fertiliser or improved seeds Decreased soil fertility and yields All correct = 2 1 correct = 1 [2] 6 (a) Burma Laos Thailand Two correct for 1 mark [1] (b) 4200 km but allow 3600 km as the question asked for an estimate [1]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0460 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (c) water held back by dams lower river flows/river shallower sediment trapped (in dams)/less sediment carried by river loss of soil fertility/less fertile land decreasing yields less water for irrigation/less water for farming dams/lower flows a barrier to fish movement fewer fish/fish die dams/lower flows a barrier to navigation/transport less trade/trade difficult poorer diets/less food/hunger/less protein [4] (d) river passes through different countries/two named countries/action of one country affects another country = 1 example of a possible conflict e.g. about irrigation water/drinking water/water supply (water should be specified and not just water) /navigation/fishing/pollution/illegal migration This should be stated as a conflict and refer to two groups of people or two countries = 1 [2]