Workers — Paper 1 · IGCSE Economics (9-1) 0987

8 The wage of labour in a firm increases. What is the most likely effect on the production process? A Capital replaces labour immediately. B Capital replaces labour in the long run. C Labour replaces capital immediately. D Labour replaces capital in the long run.

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2020

10 The graph shows women’s wages as a percentage of men’s wages in year 1 and year 2. 85 percent 80 75 year 2 70 65 year 1 60 55 27 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 62 age Which statement is shown by the graph to be true? A Younger women earn more than older women. B Women’s wages remain about the same between the ages of 40–50. C In year 2, all women were earning more than men. D In year 2, women were earning a higher percentage of men’s wages than in year 1.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2020

14 What is most likely to lead to an improvement in labour productivity in an industry? A an increase in capital investment B an increase in income tax rates C an increase in the demand for the industry’s product D an increase in the number of firms in the industry

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2020

10 The graph shows women’s wages as a percentage of men’s wages in year 1 and year 2. 85 percent 80 75 year 2 70 65 year 1 60 55 27 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 62 age Which statement is shown by the graph to be true? A Younger women earn more than older women. B Women’s wages remain about the same between the ages of 40–50. C In year 2, all women were earning more than men. D In year 2, women were earning a higher percentage of men’s wages than in year 1.

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0987/12 May/June 2020

8 Which task is not a function of a trade union? A agreeing the minimum number to be employed on a particular job B deciding on the level of a national minimum wage C negotiating working hours and conditions of work D providing legal advice on unfair dismissal

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0987/12 Oct/Nov 2020

9 What does not have an effect on wages in a free market economy? A danger levels in the workplace B government regulations C the number of people willing and able to work D the years of training required

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0987/12 Oct/Nov 2020

10 In low-income countries, fewer girls than boys become skilled design engineers. What might explain this situation? A Girls are only interested in low-wage jobs. B Girls do not favour heavy manual work. C Girls have fewer opportunities to complete higher education. D It costs more for girls to be trained as design engineers.

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2021

11 The diagram shows the demand for and supply of labour in an industry. The original equilibrium is X. A trade union then negotiates a wage rate of W. wage rate S ($) W X D O R S T quantity of labour What identifies the change in employment? A OR B OT C RS D RT

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2021

11 The diagram shows a market for labour. X is the original equilibrium. A trade union negotiates a minimum wage at W, and the government restricts the supply of immigrant labour. What is the new equilibrium? S2 wages S1 ($) B A C D W X D O quantity of labour

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0987/12 May/June 2021

10 The diagrams show the wage rates of cleaners (OWc) and nurses (OWn). cleaners nurses wage S wage S rate rate Wn M M Wc D D O employment O employment What is the result if a national minimum wage of OM is introduced? wage rate of wage rate of cleaners nurses A fall rise B no change fall C rise fall D rise no change

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0987/12 Oct/Nov 2021

11 Which result of increased specialisation in a firm is an advantage for the firm, but a disadvantage for some of the workers in the firm? A greater mechanisation B higher labour productivity C higher skill levels D longer training times

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0987/12 Oct/Nov 2021

25 What is likely to cause an immediate decrease in the size of the labour force? A a fall in the average size of families B a fall in the birth rate C a reduction in the age of retirement D an increase in net immigration

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0987/12 May/June 2022

13 Which factor would not increase the bargaining strength of a trade union to raise wages? A a rapidly growing economy B high union membership in the industry C legislation limiting strike action D workers are in short supply

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2023

13 Which trade union activity will be beneficial for firms? A balloting for industrial action to prevent redundancies B campaigning to raise wages of trade union members C instructing workers to strike over a safety dispute D providing training which raises productivity of workers

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0987/12 May/June 2023

13 What is not a reason for differences in the earnings of airline pilots in a particular country? A bargaining power of employees B discrimination C government policies D inflation

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0987/12 Oct/Nov 2023

11 How would a change in the demand for labour affect the labour market in an occupation? change in demand change in the change in quantity for labour equilibrium wage of labour supplied A decrease decrease extend B decrease increase contract C increase decrease contract D increase increase extend

1 marks

Answer: D

This question in 0987/12 Oct/Nov 2024

1 What is likely to increase the occupational mobility of labour? A increasing entry requirements to professions B increasing retraining of workers C introducing job specialisation D introducing subsidised transport

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2025

12 A bus driver initially works longer hours if the wage rate increases. As his earnings increase, there reaches a point when he prefers more leisure than extra work. Which supply curve, S, represents this situation? A B C D S S wage wage wage wage rate S rate rate rate S O worker O worker O worker O worker hours hours hours hours

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2025

13 What is a function of a trade union? A to negotiate workers’ contracts B to promote workers to more responsible jobs C to recruit workers for the firm D to supervise the workers in the firm

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2025

15 A firm chooses to become more capital-intensive. What is least likely to have increased? A interest rates B minimum wages C the power of trade unions D the productivity of capital

1 marks

Answer: A

This question in 0987/11 May/June 2025

10 The table shows the average wage in four countries, A, B, C and D. In which country is there the greatest relative wage discrimination against female employees? male female $ $ A 100 80 B 120 60 C 140 100 D 300 200

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0987/12 May/June 2025

12 In which occupations do wages tend to be lowest? A in those where the work is dangerous B in those where there is an excess supply of labour C in those where workers belong to trade unions D in those where workers need long training

1 marks

Answer: B

This question in 0987/12 Oct/Nov 2025

13 How might a trade union increase its bargaining power? A by expanding the market for the product B by increasing the cost of union membership for workers C by restricting the entry of workers to the industry D by supporting wage claims in other industries

1 marks

Answer: C

This question in 0987/12 Oct/Nov 2025