Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2014 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 30 printed pages and 2 blank pages. DC (LEG/SW) 89052/4 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 3 1 5 0 9 5 0 4 4 9 * CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/22 Paper 2 (Core) October/November 2014 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 32. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 1 Fig. 1.1 shows an astronaut in a rocket about to take off for the Moon. Fig. 1.1 (a) The mass of the astronaut and his spacesuit on the Earth is 100 kg. The weight of the astronaut and his spacesuit on Earth is 1000 N. The Moon has a smaller gravitational field than the Earth. Suggest the mass and weight of the astronaut and his spacesuit on the Moon. mass on the Moon …kg weight on the Moon …N [1] (b) The weight of the rocket on take-off is 20 000 000 N. When the rocket blasts off from the Earth’s surface, it experiences a thrust force of 25 000 000 N. Explain why the thrust force must be greater than the weight of the rocket. … …[1]

3 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (c) While the rocket is travelling to the moon, there are many different energy changes. Use the words in the list to complete the sentences below. You may use each word once, more than once or not at all. chemical electrical gravitational kinetic light sound thermal As the rocket moves faster, it gains … energy. As the rocket moves away from the Earth, it gains … potential energy. The rocket fuel contains … energy which releases … energy when the fuel is burned. [4] (d) During the journey from the Earth to the Moon, the astronaut communicates with Earth using radiowaves. Explain why it is not possible to use sound waves for communication. … …[1] (e) Once the rocket has left the Earth’s atmosphere, the astronaut is exposed to increasing amounts of ionising radiation. (i) Explain the meaning of the term ionising radiation. … … …[2] (ii) Describe the effects of ionising radiation on the human body. … … …[2] (f) Fig. 1.2 shows part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radiowaves and γ-radiation are both part of the electromagnetic spectrum. On Fig. 1.2, place radiowaves and γ-radiation in their correct places. X-rays visible light microwaves Fig. 1.2 [2]

4 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 2 Fig. 2.1 shows the female reproductive system. Z Y X W cavity of uterus Fig. 2.1 (a) Name the structures labelled W and X. W … X …[2] (b) In the uterus, the part labelled Y is rich in blood vessels and the part labelled Z is muscular. Describe the functions of these parts. function of Y … … function of Z … …[2] (c) Outline the process of fertilisation. … … … …[3]

5 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (d) If a pregnant woman is infected with HIV, her baby may also become infected. Suggest one way in which a woman can reduce her chance of becoming infected with HIV. … …[1] (e) Table 2.1 shows the percentage of babies that become infected with HIV as a result of their mother being infected with the virus. Table 2.1 percentage of babies infected with HIV babies infected at birth babies infected after 12 months mothers infected with HIV and not receiving treatment 22% 31% mothers infected with HIV and receiving treatment 4% 6% (i) Explain how an HIV infected mother could pass the virus on to her baby at birth. … …[1] (ii) If a pregnant woman is receiving treatment for her HIV infection, state what effect this has on the probability of her baby becoming infected with HIV. … …[1] (iii) Table 2.1 shows that the babies are more likely to be infected with HIV after 12 months than at birth. Suggest why this is so. … …[1]

6 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 3 The elements from lithium, Li, to neon, Ne, form the second period of the Periodic Table. (a) (i) State the chemical symbols of the elements that form the first period of the Periodic Table. …[1] (ii) State the name of the least reactive element in the second period. …[1] (iii) State a period in the Periodic Table that contains transition metals. …[1] (b) Fig. 3.1 shows the relative sizes of the atoms of the first three members of Group I. lithium sodium potassium Fig. 3.1 (i) A lithium atom has a proton number of 3 and a nucleon number of 7. State the names and numbers of each type of particle in the nucleus of this lithium atom. … …[3]

7 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (ii) Suggest why the atoms increase in size from lithium to potassium. … …[1]

8 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 4 (a) Define the term digestion. … … …[2] (b) Name the enzyme that digests starch in the alimentary canal. …[1] (c) In an experiment, a starch digesting enzyme was added to a starch suspension in a test-tube at 35 °C. Fig. 4.1 shows how the amount of starch remaining in the test-tube changed over the next eight minutes. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 time / minutes amount of starch remaining in the test-tube 8 Fig. 4.1 (i) State the time at which the rate of digestion of starch is fastest. …[1] (ii) Name the product of the digestion of starch in this test-tube. …[1] (iii) On Fig. 4.1, sketch a graph to show the result that would be expected if the experiment is repeated at 25 °C. [2]

9 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (d) Explain why starch is digested by the body. … …[1]

10 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 5 (a) In industry, elements are extracted from compounds. The chemical formulae of five compounds are shown. Al2O3 CuFeS2 Fe2O3 NaCl SnO Choose a compound from the list to match each description. Each compound may be used once, more than once or not at all. • This compound contains aluminium. … • This compound is iron oxide. … • This compound could be used to produce chlorine. … [2] (b) Lead metal can be extracted from lead oxide, PbO, by heating a mixture of lead oxide powder and carbon powder. Fig. 5.1 shows laboratory apparatus that can be used for this reaction. heat carbon dioxide gas test-tube mixture of lead oxide and carbon powder Fig. 5.1 During the reaction, lead metal forms at the bottom of the test-tube and carbon dioxide gas is given off. (i) Suggest the word chemical equation for this reaction by completing the boxes below. + + [1]

11 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (ii) Suggest one simple test and the result that would show that the piece of lead has a physical property typical of metals. test … result … …[2] (iii) In the reaction shown in Fig. 5.1 both reduction and oxidation take place. State and explain which substance has been reduced. name of substance that is reduced … explanation … …[2]

12 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 (c) Metallic lead may also be produced by electrolysis involving molten lead bromide. Fig. 5.2 shows laboratory apparatus being used for this electrolysis. + – d.c. power supply crucible molten lead bromide heat Fig. 5.2 (i) State the meaning of the term cathode. …[1] (ii) Lead bromide is an ionic compound containing lead ions, Pb2+, and bromide ions, Br –. During electrolysis, these ions are converted into atoms. State and explain which one of the ions gains electrons during electrolysis. ion gaining electrons … explanation … … …[2]

13 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over 6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a boy in a swimming pool watching water waves being made by a machine. wave machine Fig. 6.1 (i) Every 10 seconds, three waves go past the boy. Calculate the frequency of the waves. frequency = … Hz [1] (ii) Water waves are examples of transverse waves. Describe how a transverse wave is different from a longitudinal wave. You may draw a labelled diagram if it helps your answer. … … …[2] (iii) Give one example of a longitudinal wave. …[1]

14 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 (b) Fig. 6.2 shows a block of cork used by the boy to keep afloat. 50 cm 30 cm 5 cm Fig. 6.2 (i) Calculate the volume of the block of cork. volume = …cm3 [1] (ii) The mass of the block of cork is 1875 g. Calculate the density of the block of cork. State the formula that you use, show your working and state the unit of your answer. formula working density = … unit …[3] (c) The water in the swimming pool is heated by the Sun. (i) State the type of electromagnetic radiation which transfers the energy to heat the water. …[1]

15 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (ii) Some molecules of water evaporate. Explain the process of evaporation in terms of the movement of water molecules. … … … …[3]

16 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 7 Petroleum (crude oil) is a mixture that contains thousands of different hydrocarbons. (a) Table 7.1 contains descriptions of mixtures, compounds and elements. Complete Table 7.1. Use the letters M for mixture, C for compound or E for element. Table 7.1 description M, C or E contains different types of molecules all of the atoms have the same proton number molecules are all identical but each molecule contains more than one type of atom cannot be broken down into simpler substances [3] (b) Fig. 7.1 shows the industrial apparatus used to obtain useful products from petroleum. hot petroleum R Q P fraction Fig. 7.1 (i) Suggest, in terms of their properties, two reasons why fraction P is used as a fuel but fraction R is not. 1 … … 2 … …[2]

17 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (ii) Fraction Q, kerosene, is used to make the fuel used in jet aircraft engines. Fig. 7.2 shows a jet aircraft flying at a great height. The waste gases from the jet engines produce white vapour trails. vapour trails Fig. 7.2 Kerosene contains a large amount of the hydrocarbon heptane. Heptane undergoes complete combustion in the aircraft engines. Suggest two compounds that have a higher concentration in the vapour trails than in the surrounding air. 1 … 2 … [2] (iii) The air temperature outside the aircraft is –40 °C. The vapour trails contain solid particles that reflect white light. Suggest what these solid particles are made of and describe how they have formed. … … …[2]

18 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 (c) Heptane is a member of the family of hydrocarbons known as alkanes. Fig. 7.3 shows a graph of the boiling points in degrees Celsius of four alkanes, A, B, C and D. The horizontal axis (x-axis) shows the number of carbon atoms in one molecule of the different alkanes. 150 100 50 0 –50 –100 boiling point / °C 0 2 4 6 8 number of carbon atoms per molecule A B C D Fig. 7.3 (i) Describe the trend shown in the graph in Fig. 7.3. … …[1] (ii) Use the graph to estimate the boiling point of heptane, C7H16, in degrees Celsius. …[1] (iii) State and explain which of the four labelled alkanes, A, B, C and D, are gases at 20 °C. … … …[2]

19 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 8.

20 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 8 (a) Large-scale removal of trees can damage the environment. Use the words or phrases from the list to complete the sentences. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. carbon dioxide deforestation extinction methane pollution soil sulfur dioxide temperature The large-scale removal of trees is called … and can harm the environment by causing a build up of … in the atmosphere. This may lead to an increase in the … at the surface of the Earth. Removal of trees in an area can cause loss of … and flooding. [4] (b) The water in a river is polluted with sewage. Fig. 8.1 shows how the oxygen concentration of the water in the river changed as a result of this. place where sewage enters the river oxygen concentration of the water distance down the river Fig. 8.1 (i) On Fig. 8.1, mark with the letter X the point at which you would expect the numbers of bacteria to be highest. [1] (ii) Describe how the oxygen concentration of the water changes after the sewage enters the river. … … …[2]

21 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (iii) After the sewage enters the river, explain what could cause the oxygen concentration of the water to fall, … … to rise. … …[2] (iv) Explain why a low oxygen concentration could kill the fish in the river. … …[1]

22 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 9 (a) An electric shower is installed in a bathroom. A current of 50 A passes through the shower when the mains voltage is 220 V. Calculate the resistance of the electric shower. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working resistance = …Ω [2] (b) (i) A student investigates an electromagnet using the apparatus shown in Fig. 9.1. soft iron nail Fig. 9.1

23 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over When the switch is closed, the electromagnet can only pick up two paper clips in a chain, as shown in Fig. 9.2. soft iron nail Fig. 9.2 Suggest one way of changing the circuit so that the electromagnet will pick up a longer chain of paper clips. Give a reason for your answer. … … …[2] (ii) Describe one use for an electromagnet which shows a difference between a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. use … … difference … …[2] (iii) The voltage across the coil in Fig. 9.2 is 3 volts. On Fig. 9.2, using the correct circuit symbols, show how you would measure the voltage across the coil. [2]

24 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 10 Some seedlings are supported on their sides in a light proof container and left for five days. Fig. 10.1 shows what happens. vertical cork mat light proof container root stem stand seedlings pinned to cork mat after five days Fig. 10.1 (a) Name and describe the response of the seedlings shown in Fig. 10.1. name of the response … description … … …[3] (b) With reference to Fig. 10.1, describe how the survival chances of a plant are increased by the type of response shown by (i) the roots, … … …[2] (ii) the stems. … … …[2]

25 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (c) A different experiment which is similar to the one in Fig. 10.1 is set up. This has light coming in through a hole in one side of the container. Suggest how the roots and stems of the seedlings will respond in this experiment. … … …[2] (d) Sensitivity is the ability to respond to changes in the environment. It is one of the characteristics of living organisms. Name two other characteristics of living organisms. 1 … 2 …[2]

26 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 11 (a) Complete the word chemical equations below for reactions involving dilute hydrochloric acid. hydrochloric acid + magnesium magnesium chloride + hydrochloric acid + copper oxide + water hydrochloric acid + potassium carbonate + carbon dioxide + [3] (b) Fig. 11.1 shows apparatus a student used to investigate the chemical reaction between excess dilute hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate. water carbon dioxide gas measuring cylinder side-arm test-tube dilute hydrochloric acid calcium carbonate Fig. 11.1 When the student adds the reactants to the side-arm test-tube, carbon dioxide gas flows into the measuring cylinder. The student records the time it takes for the measuring cylinder to fill with carbon dioxide. (i) Describe a test and its result which would show that carbon dioxide was present in the measuring cylinder. test … result … …[2]

27 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over (ii) State two changes to the reaction conditions that would decrease the time taken for the measuring cylinder to fill with carbon dioxide. 1 … … 2 … …[2] (c) (i) Suggest why calcium carbonate (agricultural lime) is sometimes spread onto soil used to grow crops. … … … …[2] (ii) Calcium carbonate is used to make calcium oxide (quicklime). Describe briefly what is done to produce calcium oxide from calcium carbonate. … …[1]

28 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 12 (a) Fig. 12.1 shows the speed / time graph for a car being driven along a road for 120 seconds. 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 time / s speed m / s P Q R S Fig. 12.1 (i) State a section of the graph which represents a constant speed. …[1] (ii) State a point on the graph at which the car is not moving. …[1] (iii) Explain why the kinetic energy of the car is greater after 30 seconds than after 20 seconds. … …[1] (b) Between Q and R, the car travels for 28 seconds at a speed of 28 m / s. Calculate the distance that the car travels. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working distance = …m [2]

29 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 (c) Fig. 12.2 shows an electrical circuit in the car. The car battery is connected to three identical lamps and two switches. L1 L3 L2 Fig. 12.2 (i) State which two lamps are connected in series when both switches are open, lamp … and lamp … [1] (ii) State which two lamps are connected in parallel when both switches are closed. lamp … and lamp … [1]

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31 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 7 © Imagebroker/Alamy; www.alamy.com. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

32 0654/22/O/N/14 © UCLES 2014 Group The Periodic Table of the Elements 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 231 147 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 260 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 209 210 222 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 † 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 223 Ra Radium 88 a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = atomic (proton) number Key DATA SHEET * 58–71 Lanthanoid series † 90–103 Actinoid series The volume of one mole of any gas is 24dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2014 series 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/22 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 120 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2014 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0654 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 1 (a) mass 100 (kg) and weight less than 100 (N) ; [1] (b) need resultant upwards force to accelerate the rocket ; [1] (c) kinetic ; gravitational ; chemical ; thermal / light / sound ; [4] (d) sound cannot travel through space / a vacuum ; [1] (e) (i) turns atoms into ions ; by removal of electrons ; [2] (ii) destroys / damages cells / DNA ; causes cancer / mutations / radiation burns ; [2] (iii) gamma radiation X- rays visible light microwaves radiowaves ;; [2] [Total: 13] 2 (a) W = ovary ; X = vagina ; [2] (b) Y for zygote / embryo to become implanted / for nourishment of the embryo ; Z to (contract to) push the baby out at birth / to contain / hold fetus ; [2] (c) joining together of egg and sperm ; happens in fallopian tube ; male gamete = sperm ; female gamete = egg ; forming a zygote ; [max 3] (d) fewer sexual partners / using a condom ; [1] (e) (i) blood / body fluid contact / through the placenta ; [1] (ii) reduced probability ; [1] (iii) infection through milk / breastfeeding ; [1] [Total: 11]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0654 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 3 (a) (i) H and He ; [1] (ii) neon ; [1] (iii) period 4 (or 5 or 6) ; [1] (b) (i) protons and neutrons ; 3 protons ; 4 neutrons ; [3] (ii) reference to increased number of electron shells / orbits / rings ; [1] [Total: 7] 4 (a) (physical) breakdown / description of breakdown ; of (large insoluble) food molecules ; into smaller / soluble products ; [max 2] (b) amylase ; [1] (c) (i) at the start / in first minute / in first few seconds ; [1] (ii) maltose / sugar ; [1] (iii) line sketched so that it is of the same general shape (not levelling off above zero) ; and above the 35 °C line ; [2] (d) produces small / soluble molecules that pass into the bloodstream ; starch too large to diffuse across into the bloodstream ; [max 1] [Total: 8] 5 (a) Al2O3 Fe2O3 NaCl ;; (three correct 2 marks, one or two correct 1 mark) [2] (b) (i) lead oxide + carbon → lead + carbon dioxide ; [1] (ii) test for electrical conductivity ; lead will be a good conductor ; OR test for malleability ; lead will be malleable ; [max 2]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0654 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (iii) lead oxide ; oxygen has been removed from it ; OR lead ; Pb2+ ions gain electrons ; [max 2] (c) (i) negative electrode ; [1] (ii) lead / Pb2+ (no mark) atoms are electrically neutral / have equal protons and electrons ; positive ion has more protons than electrons (so must gain electrons to form atom) ; so positive (ionic) charge has to be neutralised by gain of (negative) electrons ; [max 2] [Total: 10] 6 (a) (i) 0.3 (Hz) ; [1] (ii) vibrations in different directions ; longitudinal vibrations move in same direction as wave / energy moves ; transverse vibrations move at right angles to direction that wave / energy moves ; [2] (iii) sound / ultrasound waves ; [1] (b) (i) (volume =) 7500 (cm3) ; [1] (ii) (density =) volume mass ; = 7500 1875 = 0.25 ; g / cm3 ; [3] (c) (i) infra-red ; [1] (ii) thermal energy needed / used to cause evaporation ; some molecules have more energy / move faster than others ; faster moving molecules escape from surface ; escape from forces between molecules / pull of other molecules ; water molecules turn to water vapour / leave as water vapour ; [max 3] [Total: 12] 7 (a) M E C E ;;; (four correct 3 marks, three correct 2 marks, one or two correct 1 mark) [3]

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Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0654 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (iv) prevents respiration ; [1] [Total: 10] 9 (a) (R =) I V ; 50 220 = 4.4 (Ω) ; [2] (b) (i) identifies increased magnetic field ; by increasing number of turns/increasing current ; [2] (ii) e.g. used to separate ferrous metals in scrap yard ; can be switched on and off / strength can be increased or decreased ; [2] (iii) voltmeter connected (correct symbol) ; in parallel ; [2] [Total: 8] 10 (a) geotropism ; (main) stem / shoot grows upwards / against gravity ; (main) root grows downwards / with gravity ; [3] (b) (i) grow downwards so) can absorb water ; can absorb mineral ions ; better anchorage in soil ; [max 2] (ii) (grow upwards so) can reach light ; for photosynthesis ; [2] (c) stem will grow to the side / towards the light ; roots no response / away from light ; phototropism ; [max 2] (d) any two from: nutrition ; excretion ; respiration ; reproduction ; growth ; movement ; [max 2] [Total: 11]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge IGCSE – October/November 2014 0654 22 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 11 (a) hydrogen ; copper chloride ; potassium chloride, and water ; [3] (b) (i) limewater ; goes cloudy / milky ; [2] (ii) increase acid concentration ; increase (acid) temperature ; grind up the (same mass of) calcium carbonate ; [max 2] (c) (i) soil is too acidic (for the intended crop) ; calcium carbonate reacts with / neutralises acid (in soil) ; so promotes healthy crop development / owtte ; [max 2] (ii) (calcium carbonate) is strongly heated ; [1] [Total: 10] 12 (a) (i) QR ; [1] (ii) P or S ; [1] (iii) the higher the speed the greater the KE ; [1] (b) speed = time distance ; distance = 28 × 28 = 784 (m) ; [2] (c) (i) L1 and L3 ; [1] (ii) L1 and L2 ; [1] [Total: 7]