Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2014 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 3

This document consists of 32 printed pages. IB14 06_0654_23/4RP © UCLES 2014 [Turn over *9497045297* Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/23 Paper 2 (Core) May/June 2014 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 32. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 1 (a) Wind farms are areas of land containing many wind turbines. Four thousand wind turbines can produce the same power as one coal-fired power station. (i) State one advantage of using wind, rather than coal, to generate electrical power. [1] (ii) State one disadvantage of using wind, rather than coal, to generate electrical power. [1] (iii) Complete the sentence to show the energy transfer taking place when a wind turbine generates electricity. energy is transferred to electrical energy. [1] (b) Nuclear power stations generate electricity using energy released by nuclear fission. Describe the process that transforms this energy into electrical energy. [2]

3 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) Fig. 1.1 shows how the electricity cables carrying electricity from a wind farm are attached to pylons. The cables hang loosely in hot weather. Fig. 1.1 Explain why the cables must hang loosely in hot weather. [2] (d) A scientist investigates three different wires used in making these cables. He wants to determine the resistance of each piece of wire. wire metal composition length / m cross-sectional area / cm2 A copper 10 0.1 B copper 20 0.1 C copper 10 0.2 (i) Which wire, A or B, will have the smaller resistance? Explain your answer. [1] (ii) Which wire, A or C, will have the smaller resistance? Explain your answer. [1]

4 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 (iii) A current of 80 A passed through wire B when a voltage of 12 V was applied across it. Calculate the resistance of the wire. State the formula that you use, show your working and state the unit of your answer. formula working resistance = unit = [3]

5 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 2.

6 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 2 Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of part of a leaf in cross-section. tissue X Fig. 2.1 (a) State the main function of a leaf. [1] (b) Name tissue X. [1] (c) In the space below, draw a large diagram of one cell of the type found in tissue X. Label four structures present in this cell. [5]

7 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (d) The leaf contains vascular bundles. (i) On Fig. 2.1, use a label line and the letter V to label a vascular bundle. [1] (ii) Name a type of cell present in a vascular bundle. [1] (iii) State two functions of the vascular bundles. 1 2 [2]

8 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 3 (a) Dutch metal is an alloy of copper and zinc that has been formed into very thin sheets. When a small piece of Dutch metal is dropped into a container filled with chlorine it bursts into flame and two compounds are produced as shown in Fig. 3.1. Dutch metal container filled with chlorine flame mixture of products Fig. 3.1 (i) State the meaning of the term alloy. [1] (ii) State the physical property of metals that allows them to be formed into very thin sheets. [1] (iii) Suggest the names of the two compounds formed when Dutch metal reacts with chlorine. 1 2 [2]

9 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce the ionic compound, sodium chloride. Fig. 3.2 shows a sodium atom and a chlorine atom. Na Cl Fig. 3.2 Describe the changes to these atoms when they become ions. [2] (c) Phosphorus (proton number 15) is a non-metallic element that combines with oxygen to form an oxide. (i) A molecule of phosphorus oxide contains four phosphorus atoms and ten oxygen atoms bonded together. Predict the chemical formula of phosphorus oxide. [2] (ii) Predict and explain the change in colour when some phosphorus oxide is dissolved in water that contains full-range indicator solution (Universal Indicator). colour change from to explanation [2]

10 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 4 (a) Selection is important in agriculture. Choose words to complete the sentences. You may use each word once, more than once or not at all. artificial breeding decrease generations genotypes harvesting increase natural In selection, animals or plants are chosen by humans for so as to improve the variety. This has to be done over many , and can their economic importance. [4] (b) As well as being raised for meat, sheep may also be raised for wool and milk production. Table 4.1 shows some characteristics of five different sheep breeds. Table 4.1 wool yield wool quality meat yield milk yield Arapawa average good poor average Awassi average poor average very good Blackbelly low poor very good average Merino good very good good poor Tsurcana average good average average (i) Use the information in Table 4.1 to explain which two breeds should be crossed to produce sheep with a high milk yield and also a high wool yield. breed and breed explanation [2] (ii) Suggest two other characteristics of sheep, not shown in Table 4.1, which would be important to a sheep farmer. [2]

11 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) Sheep with high meat yields usually give a low yield of wool. Suggest why this is. [1] (d) Lambs that are slaughtered for meat are more often males than females. Suggest a reason for this. [1]

12 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 5 (a) Two bar magnets A and B are shown in Fig. 5.1. Magnet A is moved towards magnet B. N S N S wooden stand string magnet B magnet A direction of movement Fig. 5.1 (i) Describe and explain what happens to magnet B as magnet A is moved towards it. [2] (ii) Magnet A is removed. When magnet B is allowed to hang on its own, it is acted on by a number of forces. Name two forces still affecting magnet B. 1 2 [2]

13 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) Fig. 5.2 shows two plastic balls hanging from threads. Both balls are electrically charged. ball Y ball X wooden stand Fig. 5.2 Ball Y is negatively charged. (i) State the charge on ball X. Give a reason for your answer. [1] (ii) Describe and explain how ball Y has been given a negative charge. [2] (c) The mass of ball X is 4.0 g. The volume of ball X is 4.2 cm3. Calculate the density of the plastic used to make ball X. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working g / cm3 [2]

14 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows diagrams P, Q and R, of three molecules containing carbon atoms. P Q R Fig. 6.1 (i) Using the Periodic Table on page 32, state the number of electrons in one atom of carbon. Explain how you obtained your answer. number of electrons explanation [2] (ii) Name the type of chemical bonding found in all of the compounds show in Fig. 6.1. Give a reason for your answer. type of bonding reason [2] (iii) State and explain briefly which diagram, P, Q or R, in Fig. 6.1, represents one molecule of carbon dioxide. diagram explanation [1] (iv) Release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by human activities is thought to contribute to global warming. State two ways in which human activities cause relatively large amounts of carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere. 1 2 [2]

15 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) Fig. 6.2 shows apparatus a student used to show that a chemical reaction produced carbon dioxide. Test-tube C contained copper carbonate and dilute sulfuric acid. Test-tube D contained a colourless aqueous solution. test-tube C dilute sulfuric acid copper carbonate test-tube D colourless aqueous solution Fig. 6.2 (i) State the name of the aqueous solution in test-tube D. Describe how the appearance of this solution changes when carbon dioxide passes through it. name observation [2] (ii) Predict and explain how the mass of the contents of test-tube C changes, if at all, during the experiment. prediction explanation [2]

16 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 7 (a) A student set up the apparatus shown in Fig. 7.1. N S wire magnet Fig. 7.1 He hangs a wire between the two poles of the magnet. He passes an electric current through the wire. The wire moves upwards out of the gap between the poles of the magnet. (i) The student now reverses the direction of the electric current, as shown in Fig. 7.2. N S wire magnet Fig. 7.2 State what the student now observes. [1]

17 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (ii) The student now reverses the poles of the magnet as shown in Fig. 7.3. N S wire magnet Fig. 7.3 State what the student now observes when the same current as in (i) passes through. [1] (b) The ideas demonstrated in the experiments in part (a) are used to make an electric motor. When an electric motor is used it produces a quiet sound with a high pitch. (i) Do the sound waves produced have a high or low frequency? Explain your answer. The frequency is because [1] (ii) Do the sound waves produced have a large or small amplitude? Explain your answer. The amplitude is because [1]

18 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 (c) An electric motor inflates a car tyre by pumping air into it. Explain in terms of particles, how the air causes the tyre to inflate. [3]

19 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (d) Fig. 7.4 shows a student measuring the speed of sound in air. He stands a distance d from a distant wall. He claps his hands and times how long it takes for the echo to return from the distant wall. wall student distance, d Fig. 7.4 The time taken for the echo to return is 0.6 s. The speed of sound is 330 m / s. Calculate the distance d. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working m [3]

20 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 8 (a) A green-seeded pea plant was crossed with a yellow-seeded pea plant. The results are shown below. yellow seed gg gg yellow seed 1 parents phenotype genotype gametes F1 generation genotype phenotype ratio green seed Gg Gg green seed 1 G g g g : (i) Explain what is meant by genotype, gamete. [2] (ii) State which allele in the genetic diagram is dominant. [1] (b) Yellow-seeded plants are always pure-breeding. Explain why this is so. [1]

21 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) Complete the genetic diagram below to show what would happen if two of the green-seeded plants from the F1 generation were crossed. F1 parents phenotype genotype gametes offspring green seed … and green seed … and Gg green male gametes female gametes ratio … [5] (d) Suggest what substance gives the green seeds their colour. [1]

22 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows air passing into the engine of a car, and a mixture of exhaust (waste) gases being released. exhaust (waste) gas mixture released into the air composition of air taken into the car’s engine oxygen … 21% … Fig. 9.1 (i) Complete the table in Fig. 9.1 to show the name and percentage of the main gas in air. [2] (ii) Name one gas, other than carbon dioxide, in the mixture of exhaust gases which causes air pollution. State one harmful effect that this gas has in the environment. gas harmful effect [2] (b) Hydrogen gas is released when magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. magnesium dilute hydrochloric acid (i) Describe the test for hydrogen gas. test result [2] (ii) Complete the word chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid. magnesium hydrochloric acid + + hydrogen [1]

23 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) Fig. 9.2 shows the apparatus a student used to measure the temperature change when magnesium powder reacted in dilute hydrochloric acid. magnesium powder spatula hydrochloric acid insulated beaker thermometer Fig. 9.2 The student stirred the magnesium powder into the acid and took temperature measurements every ten seconds for one minute. The student drew a graph of his results and this is shown in Fig. 9.3. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 time / seconds temperature / °C Fig. 9.3 (i) Use the results shown in Fig. 9.3 to explain whether the reaction was exothermic or endothermic. The reaction is because [1]

24 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 (ii) Suggest why the last three temperature readings were the same. [1]

25 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 10.

26 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 10 (a) Draw lines to link the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum to their uses. One line has been drawn for you. γ-radiation infra-red electromagnetic wave microwaves radio waves airport security scanners intruder alarms use mobile phone (cell phone) communication radioactive medical tracers X-rays television communication [3] (b) The different waves in the electromagnetic spectrum have different wavelengths. On Fig. 10.1, mark and label a wavelength. [1] Fig. 10.1

27 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) α-radiation, β-radiation and γ-radiation are three radioactive emissions. (i) Name a piece of apparatus used to detect these three radiations. [1] (ii) Place the three radiations in order of their ionising ability, placing the most ionising first. most ionising least ionising [1] (iii) Place the three radiations in order of their penetrating ability, placing the most penetrating first. most penetrating least penetrating [1] (iv) State what is meant by the term radioactive decay. [2]

28 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 11 Fig. 11.1 shows part of one of the alveoli of the lungs and an associated capillary. air layer of moisture alveolar cell blood cell capillary wall blood plasma X Y Fig. 11.1 (a) (i) State which gases show net movement in and out of the alveolar cell at the point labelled X. gas that moves into the cell gas that moves out of the cell [2] (ii) Name the gas that is entering the alveolar cell at point Y. [1] (b) Name the process by which these gases move in and out of the cell. [1] (c) (i) Name the type of blood cell shown in Fig. 11.1. [1] (ii) Name the substance in this cell that carries oxygen. [1] (iii) Name one structure, normally found in animal cells, which is not found in this blood cell. [1]

29 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 [Turn over (d) With reference to Fig. 11.1, state where the oxygen concentration is lowest. Explain the importance of this. [2]

30 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 12 (a) Fig. 12.1 shows some of the particles present in a mixture of different gases. key atom 1 atom 2 atom 3 Fig. 12.1 (i) State the number of different gases that are contained in the mixture shown in Fig. 12.1. [1] (ii) On Fig. 12.1 draw a label line to a molecule of a compound. Label this molecule C. [1] (iii) Explain your answer to (ii). [1] (b) (i) Name the family of metals that includes iron and copper. [1] (ii) Aluminium is a metal in Group III of the Periodic Table. State two ways in which a metal such as copper is different from aluminium. 1 2 [2]

31 © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 (iii) State one large-scale use of aluminium, and explain why aluminium is a suitable metal for this use. use explanation [2] (c) Fig. 12.2 shows a simplified diagram of the industrial process used to produce aluminium. carbon electrodes electrical power supply aluminium electrolyte + – Fig. 12.2 (i) Name the type of process shown in Fig. 12.2. [1] (ii) The electrolyte contains aluminium oxide. Suggest the name of a gas which bubbles from the surface of the anode. [1]

32 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2014 0654/23/M/J/14 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/23 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 120 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 1 (a) (i) uses renewable / sustainable energy resource / saves fossil fuels / free energy source / no pollution CO2 etc. ; [1] (ii) visual pollution / noise / only works when it’s windy / high capital investment costs / damage to wildlife ; [1] (iii) kinetic ; [1] (b) (nuclear to) thermal energy ; heat water to produce steam ; steam turns turbine and / or generator ; reference to kinetic energy ; [max 2] (c) during cold weather cables will contract ; could snap cables / damage pylons etc. ; [2] (d) (i) A – shorter length ; [1] (ii) C – greater cross-sectional area / diameter ; [1] (iii) resistance R current voltage ; = = R 80 12 R 0.15 ; Ω ; [3] [Total: 12] 2 (a) photosynthesis ; [1] (b) (palisade) mesophyll ; [1] (c) large diagram, showing rectangular cell ; nucleus labelled ; chloroplast labelled ; cell wall labelled ; cytoplasm labelled ; vacuole labelled ; cell membrane labelled ; [max 5]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (d) (i) vascular bundle labelled (one of two places, as below) ; [1] (ii) xylem / phloem ; [1] (iii) support ; transport of water / mineral ions (into the leaf) ; transport of sugar (out of the leaf) ; [max 2] [Total: 11] 3 (a) (i) mixture of metals / metals and other elements ; [1] (ii) malleability ; [1] (iii) copper chloride ; zinc chloride ; [2] (b) sodium atom loses one electron ; chlorine atom gains one electron ; sodium now has a positive electrical charge ; chlorine / chloride now has a negative electrical charge ; [max 2] (c) (i) P4O10 (symbols and subscripts) ;; [2] (ii) green to red ; solution becomes acidic / non-metal oxides form acidic solutions ; [2] [Total: 10] tissue X string V

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 4 (a) artificial ; breeding ; generations ; increase ; [4] (b) (i) Awassi and Merino ; Awassi for high milk yield, Merino for high wool yield ; [2] (ii) disease resistance ; hardiness / ability to stand dry / hot / cold conditions ; temperament ; reproduction rate ; milk / meat quality ; [max 2] (c) food / energy used in making meat / muscle is not being used in making wool ; [1] (d) females are kept for breeding / milk ; [1] [Total: 10] 5 (a) (i) moves away from magnet / will repel ; like poles repel ; [2] (ii) gravity ; tension in string ; magnetic attraction of North pole / Earth’s magnetic field ; [max 2] (b) (i) positive – opposite charges attract ; [1] (ii) when rubbed with a cloth / friction ; electrons are gained by ball Y / electrons transferred ; [2] (c) density R volume mass ; = = R 4.2 4 R 0.95 ; [2] [Total: 9]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 6 (a) (i) 6 ; proton / atomic number is 6 and numbers of protons and electrons are equal ; [2] (ii) covalent ; non-metals are bonded / compounds exist as (small) molecules ; [2] (iii) (P) carbon dioxide formula is CO2 / contains 3 atoms ; [1] (iv) burning carbon fuels / specific example ; respiration ; brewing / fermentation (of sugars) ; [max 2] (b) (i) limewater / calcium hydroxide solution ; goes cloudy / white precipitate ; [2] (ii) mass (of test-tube C) decreases ; CO2 is evolved so the mass of carbon dioxide is lost / carbon dioxide has mass ; [2] [Total: 11] 7 (a) (i) downwards ; [1] (ii) upwards ; [1] (b) (i) high frequency – high pitch means high frequency ; [1] (ii) small amplitude – small amplitude means quiet sound ; [1] (c) more molecules / particles / atoms enter tyre ; they / molecules / particles / atoms are moving / vibrating / have kinetic energy ; they / molecules / particles / atoms collide ; (they / molecules / particles / atoms collide) with walls ; other relevant point e.g. exert force / momentum change / bounce back / lots over an area ; [max 3] (d) distance R speed × time ; R 330 × 0.6 R 198 (m) ; divide by two R 99 (m) ; [3] [Total: 10]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 8 (a) (i) genotype R genetic makeup / alleles present (in an organism) ; gamete R (male or female) sex cell; [2] (ii) green / G ; (b) yellow is recessive / must be homozygous / no green allele present ; [1] (c) Gg, Gg ; G, g, G, g (shown in F1 or in Punnett square) ; GG, Gg, gg (in Punnett square) ; green, green, yellow (in Punnett square) ; 3:1 ; [5] (d) chlorophyll ; [1] [Total: 10] 9 (a) (i) nitrogen ; 78% ; [2] (ii) sulfur dioxide ; reference to acid rain reacting with building materials / damage to respiratory system if inhaled ; increase acidity of lakes / soil ; OR oxides of nitrogen / named oxide ; damage to respiratory systems if inhaled / reference to smog ; [max 2] (b) (i) flame ; pops ; [2] (ii) magnesium chloride ; [1] (c) (i) exothermic as shown by increased temperature ; [1] (ii) reaction stops (after 40 s) / no more heat energy is being released /reactant(s) used up / owtte ; [1] [Total: 9]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 10 (a) (all correct, 3 marks, 2 correct R 2 marks, 1 correct R 1 mark) ;;; [3] (b) distance between two peaks / two troughs / two identical points on consecutive waves ; [1] (c) (i) Geiger counter / Geiger-Muller tube / scintillation counter / cloud chamber / photographic paper ; [1] (ii) alpha beta gamma (in that order) ; [1] (iii) gamma beta alpha (in that order) ; [1] (iv) atoms break into (one or more) different atoms ; release of energy / particles ; [2] [Total: 9] γ-radiation infra-red electromagnetic wave microwaves radio waves airport security scanners intruder alarms use mobile phone (cell phone) communication radioactive medical tracers X-rays television communication

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 11 (a) (i) in – oxygen ; out – CO2 ; [2] (ii) CO2 ; [1] (b) diffusion ; [1] (c) (i) red cell / erythrocyte ; [1] (ii) haemoglobin ; [1] (iii) nucleus ; [1] (d) in the blood (plasma / cell) / capillary ; allows more oxygen to diffuse in ; [2] [Total: 9] 12 (a) (i) 3 ; [1] (ii) particle to be labelled C shown ; [1] (iii) molecule of a compound must contain different atoms (joined) ; [1] (b) (i) transition elements / metals / series ; [1] (ii) (properties of the transition metal) higher density ; reference to use as catalysts ; higher melting point ; variable valency ; (forms) coloured compounds ; [max 2]

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0654 23 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 (iii) (made into alloys for) use in aircraft manufacture ; because low density / aircraft need to have low weight ; OR used to make food containers ; because it doesn’t react with food ; OR used in power cables ; good electrical conductor / low density so not too heavy ; OR (other correct) ;; [max 2] (c) (i) electrolysis ; [1] (ii) oxygen / carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide ; [1] [Total: 10]