Cambridge IGCSE Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) 0654 — 2011 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 3

This document consists of 26 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB11 11_0654_23/3RP © UCLES 2011 [Turn over *7220549260* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/23 Paper 2 (Core) October/November 2011 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 28. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a flowering plant, and two cells from the plant. cell A cell B X Fig. 1.1 (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw a line from each cell to a part of the plant in which it could be found. [2] (ii) Explain why cell A contains the structures labelled X, while cell B does not. [3] (iii) Explain how the shape of cell B adapts it for its function. [2]

3 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) The colour of the flower petals is determined by a gene with two alleles, R and r. Allele R is dominant and produces red flowers, and allele r produces white flowers. (i) Complete Table 1.1 to show the phenotype produced by each of the three possible genotypes. Table 1.1 genotype phenotype RR Rr rr [1] (ii) On Table 1.1, draw a circle around one heterozygous genotype. [1] (iii) Predict the ratio of red to white flowers that would be produced if two plants with the genotypes Rr were crossed. [1] (c) A grower has a rare variety of orchid with unusual flowers. She decides to produce new plants from this orchid using tissue culture. Suggest the advantages to the grower of using tissue culture to produce new plants, rather than sowing seeds she has collected from the orchid plant. [2]

4 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the forces acting on a moving car. driving force frictional force gravitational force reaction force of the road Fig. 2.1 (i) The car is accelerating. What can be stated about the sizes of the driving force and frictional force? [1] (ii) The car reaches a steady speed of 20 m / s. What can be stated about the sizes of the driving force and frictional force now? [1] (iii) The mass of the car is 1500 kg. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when it is travelling at a steady speed of 20 m / s. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working J [2]

5 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iv) The car travels at 20 m / s for 2 minutes. Calculate the distance travelled. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working m [2] (b) Fig. 2.2 shows a speed-time graph for part of the car’s journey, during which the brakes are used. speed m / s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 20 10 0 time / s Fig. 2.2 (i) Mark with an X the point on the graph at which the brakes are applied. [1] (ii) Calculate the deceleration of the car. Show your working. m / s2 [2]

6 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use 3 (a) Table 3.1 shows the electron arrangements of atoms of five elements, P to T. In all atoms the number of protons is the same as the number of electrons. Table 3.1 atom 1st shell 2nd shell 3rd shell 4th shell P 2 1 Q 2 8 1 R 2 8 7 S 2 8 8 1 T 2 8 8 2 (i) Explain which element in Table 3.1 would not be a good conductor of electricity. element explanation [2] (ii) State and explain which one of the elements P, Q or S is the most reactive. most reactive explanation [2] (iii) An atom of element P has a nucleon (mass) number of 7. State the number of neutrons in this atom and explain your answer. number of neutrons explanation [2] (iv) Suggest two elements in Table 3.1 which would react together to form an ionic compound. Explain your answer. elements and explanation [2]

7 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Fig. 3.1 shows a working electrochemical cell that was made by a student in a school laboratory. electrolyte zinc electrode copper electrode Fig. 3.1 (i) The student used one of the liquids shown below as the electrolyte in her cell. gasoline (a hydrocarbon) sodium chloride solution water State which liquid the student used and explain briefly why the other liquids would not have been suitable. liquid the student used explanation [2] (ii) State and explain briefly what would happen to the voltmeter reading if the zinc electrode was replaced by an electrode made of copper. [2]

8 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use 4 A man enters a theatre and then moves up an escalator (moving staircase) as shown in Fig. 4.1. 5 m Fig. 4.1 The man weighs 1000 N. (a) (i) Calculate the work done lifting the man a vertical distance of 5 m. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working J [2] (ii) State the potential energy the man has gained when he reaches the top of the escalator. J [1]

9 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) In the theatre, a musician is playing the cymbals. cymbals The man in the audience thought that the sound from the cymbals was loud because of its high frequency. He was wrong. Explain why the man was wrong. [2] (c) Blue light and red light are being shone on the musician. These are two of the primary colours of light. (i) Name the third primary colour of light. [1] (ii) Name one of the secondary colours of light. [1]

10 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use (d) The theatre measures 50 m x 50 m x 20 m. The air inside it has a density of 1.3 kg / m3. (i) Calculate the volume of the air in the theatre. m 3 [1] (ii) Show that the mass of the air in the theatre is 65 000 kg. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working [2]

11 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over BLANK PAGE Please turn over for Question 5.

12 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use 5 PTFE is an important plastic which has many uses in the home and industry. Wool consists of fibres which are made of protein molecules. (a) Both PTFE and wool are made of polymer molecules. Explain the meanings of the terms monomer and polymer. [3] (b) The chemical formula of the monomer used to make PTFE is C2F4. (i) Explain the meaning of the formula C2F4. [2] (ii) Explain why the monomer, C2F4, is not an example of a hydrocarbon. [1] (iii) Name the type of compound which polymerises to form the proteins that make up wool. [1] (c) PTFE is a thermoplastic material. Describe how PTFE behaves when it is heated and then cooled. [2]

13 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) Fig. 5.1 shows a magnified section of a wool fibre. The fibre has been washed using hard water. The fibre is covered with tiny crystals of limescale. fibre tiny crystals of limescale Fig. 5.1 (i) Explain which one of the chemical formulae below is of a compound which causes hardness in water. NaCl K2CO3 Ca(HCO3)2 Li2SO4 formula explanation [1] (ii) In many countries the water supplied to homes and industry does not contain compounds which cause hardness. Suggest one advantage of a water supply which does not contain compounds which cause hardness. [1]

14 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use 6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a section through part of a person's lungs. blood vessel X Y Fig. 6.1 (i) Name the structure labelled X. [1] (ii) Name the type of blood vessel that is shown in Fig. 6.1. [1] (iii) On Fig. 6.1, draw an arrow to show the direction in which air flows when the person breathes out. [1] (iv) Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood down its concentration gradient, as shown by arrow Y. Explain why there is more carbon dioxide in the blood that is brought to the lungs than in the air inside structure X. [2] (v) Describe how blood travels from the heart to the lungs. Your description should include the role of the heart in this process. [3]

15 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Many people who regularly smoke tobacco get bronchitis. This happens when mucus builds up in the lungs. Bacteria breed in the mucus. (i) Explain why mucus builds up in the lungs of a person who smokes tobacco. [2] (ii) Explain why a build-up of mucus inside structure X in Fig. 6.1 would make gas exchange difficult. [2]

16 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) (i) Caffeine is a compound contained in coffee. Many people who consume caffeine during the day often find that they have difficulty in getting to sleep at night. Explain why it is correct to refer to caffeine as a drug. [1] (ii) Some drugs are analgesics. Why might a person need to take an analgesic? [1] (b) Some coffee drinks are sold in self-heating cans. Fig. 7.1 shows a cross-sectional diagram of one design of self-heating can. calcium oxide thin metal sheet water coffee drink pin Fig. 7.1

17 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use Fig. 7.2 shows the can after it has been turned upside down and the pin pushed through the thin metal sheet. This allows the water to fall into the calcium oxide. pin pushed down heat energy transferred to coffee drink Fig. 7.2 The reaction between calcium oxide and water produces the compound calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. (i) In an internet video to explain how the can works, it is stated that the water mixes with ‘limestone’. State why this information is incorrect. [1] (ii) What can be deduced about the reaction between water and calcium oxide ? [1] (iii) A student suggests the symbolic equation below for the reaction between calcium oxide and water. CaO + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 Explain whether or not this is a correctly balanced equation. [2]

18 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use (c) Calcium hydroxide forms an alkaline solution which is known as limewater. (i) Name the compound that can be tested for using limewater, and describe the result of this test. compound result of test [2] (ii) Suggest a solution which could be used to neutralise a sample of limewater and name one of the products of the reaction. solution product [2]

19 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows an electric kettle. electrical energy in 95 % of the energy supplied remains in the hot water Fig. 8.1 What happens to the rest of the energy supplied? [1] (b) The bar chart in Fig. 8.2 shows the electrical power rating of three kettles. A B C 3000 2000 1000 0 kettle power / watts Fig. 8.2 (i) What is the power rating of kettle C ? W [1] (ii) Kettle A takes 10 minutes to boil some water. Predict how long kettle B will take to boil the same mass of water. minutes [1]

20 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use (c) In a kettle, the liquid water boils and turns into steam, a gas. Fig. 8.3 shows the arrangement of particles in a solid. Fig. 8.3 Draw similar diagrams for a liquid and a gas. liquid gas [2] (d) Kettle A has a label underneath it. Fig 8.4 shows some of the information on this label. voltage 250 V power 1000 W Fig. 8.4 (i) Use the formula power = voltage x current to show that the maximum current likely to pass through the kettle is 4 A. [1]

21 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) A current of 4 A passes through the kettle for two minutes. Calculate the number of coulombs of charge which pass through the kettle. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working C [2] (iii) In another kettle, the current was 10 A when used with a 250 V supply. Calculate the resistance of the heating element in the kettle. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula used working Ω [2] (e) Use the idea of convection to explain why a kettle has the heating element at the bottom. [2]

22 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use (f) The rules in Fig 8.5 are from an electrical safety manual. ELECTRICAL SAFETY RULES 1. Never use electric cables which have become split or frayed. 2. Never overload an electrical socket. 3. Never operate electrical appliances with wet hands. Fig. 8.5

23 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use Explain why each of these safety rules is important. rule 1 rule 2 rule 3 [3]

24 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 BLANK PAGE

25 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 9 Cichlid fish live in lakes in east Africa. Fig. 9.1 shows a cichlid fish. Fig. 9.1 (a) (i) State two features, visible on Fig. 9.1, which are characteristic of fish. 1 2 [2] (ii) State one feature, visible on Fig. 9.1, that is shared by fish and reptiles, but not by amphibians and mammals. [1] (b) Fish reproduce sexually. The female fish lays eggs into the water. The male fish releases sperm onto them. Fertilisation takes place in the water. Explain what is meant by fertilisation. [2]

26 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use (c) When the young hatch from the eggs, the mother cichlid fish takes them into her mouth whenever danger threatens. Cichlid fish mothers that have been bred and kept in captivity do not do this. The breeders have to take the young away from the mothers, because the mothers eat their young. Researchers measured the levels of testosterone in two groups of cichlid fish mothers. One group had been bred in captivity, and the other group had recently been caught in the wild. Fig. 9.2 shows the results. while eggs were developing 1 day after hatching 40 30 20 10 0 average testosterone concentration in mother’s body / arbitrary units bred in captivity recently caught in the wild Fig. 9.2

27 © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 For Examiner's Use (i) Describe how the testosterone concentrations in the fish bred in captivity differed from the fish caught in the wild. [2] (ii) These results do not prove that high testosterone levels in the mothers bred in captivity caused them to eat their young. Explain why this statement is correct. [1] (d) In humans, testosterone is produced in much larger quantities in men than in women. Name the organ that produces testosterone in men. [1]

28 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2011 0654/23/O/N/11 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0654 CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/23 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0654 23 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 1 (a) (i) line from cell A to leaf ; line from cell B to root ; [2] (ii) structure X is a chloroplast ; for photosynthesis ; cell B does not have them because it, is underground / gets no light ; [3] (iii) has a large surface area ; for uptake of, water / mineral salts ; [2] (b) (i) genotype phenotype RR red Rr red rr white ; [1] (ii) circle around Rr ; [1] (iii) 3 red : 1 white ; [1] (c) tissue culture is sexual / producing seeds is sexual ; tissue culture produces identical plants ; tissue culture produces) genetically identical plants ; plants grown from seed show (genetic) variation ; seeds may not germinate / mature plants produced more quickly using tissue culture ; [max 2] [Total: 12] 2 (a) (i) driving force is greater than frictional force ; [1] (ii) driving force and frictional forces are the same ; [1] (iii) (kinetic energy =) ½ mv2 ; = ½ × 1500 × 20 × 20 = 300 000 (J) ; [2] (iv) (distance =) speed × time = 20 × 120 = 2400 (m) ; [2] (b) (i) X at 2 seconds ; [1] (ii) deceleration = change in speed / time (or gradient) ; = 5 (m / s2) ; [2] [Total: 9]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0654 23 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 3 (a) (i) R ; it is a halogen / non-metal / in Group 7 ; [2] (ii) S ; reactivity increases down Group 1 / S is further down Group 1 ; [2] (iii) 4 ; neutrons from nucleon number – proton number ; [2] (iv) P / Q / S / T with R ; metals react with non-metals (to form ionic compounds) ; [2] (b) (i) sodium chloride solution ; an electrolyte must contain ions / conduct a current / gasoline and water are not ionic / do not conduct ; [2] (ii) the voltmeter reading would fall to zero ; cell produces voltage when different metals used as electrodes ; [2] [Total: 12] 4 (a) (i) (work =) force × distance ; = 1000 × 5 = 5 000 (J) ; [2] (ii) 5 000 (J) ; [1] (b) frequency = pitch ; loudness = amplitude ; [2] (c) (i) green ; [1] (ii) yellow / cyan / magenta ; [1] (d) (i) 50 000 (m3); [1] (ii) mass = density × volume ; = 1.3 × 50 000 = 65 000 (kg) ; [2] [Total: 10]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0654 23 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 5 (a) (i) monomers are small molecules ; monomers link together ; to form polymers ; which are long chain molecules ; [max 3] (b) (i) two carbons and four fluorines ; atoms / in a molecule / bonded together ; [2] (ii) no hydrogen / hydrocarbons contain carbon and hydrogen (only) ; [1] (iii) amino acid ; [1] (c) melts / softens ; returns to original state / hardens ; [2] (d) (i) (Ca(HCO3)2 – no mark) hardness caused by calcium ; [1] (ii) easier to wash things / soap does not form scum / use of soap is more efficient ; no build-up of limescale in pipes etc. / on clothes ; [max 1] [Total: 11] 6 (a) (i) alveolus / air sac; [1] (ii) capillary ; [1] (iii) arrow leading out of the alveolus ; [1] (iv) respiration (in body cells) produces CO2 ; CO2 diffuses from the cells into the blood OR CO2 carried to the lungs in the blood / pulmonary artery ; [2] (v) from right ventricle ; heart / right ventricle / cardiac muscle, contracts ; (heart) produces pressure ; blood travels along pulmonary artery ; [max 3] (b) (i) ref to goblet cells ; smoke / component of smoke, causes more mucus to be produced ; cilia do not work normally ; mucus not swept upwards ; [max 2] (ii) idea that gases have to pass through a bigger distance ; layer of mucus plus alveolar wall and capillary wall ; takes more time ; [max 2] [Total: 12]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0654 23 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 7 (a) (i) changes the way the body works / owtte ; [1] (ii) pain relief ; [1] (b) (i) limestone is calcium carbonate / not calcium oxide ; [1] (ii) it is exothermic / gives off heat ; [1] (iii) (not balanced) to be balanced must have same number of each type of atom on both sides / no loss or gain of atoms going left to right ; detail of why this is not balanced ; [2] (c) (i) carbon dioxide ; goes cloudy ; [2] (ii) any sensible acid e.g. hydrochloric ; correctly matched calcium salt / water ; [2] [Total: 10] 8 (a) heats kettle / surroundings ; [1] (b) (i) 1500 (W) ; [1] (ii) 5 (minutes) ; [1] (c) liquid – most particles touching in random arrangement ; gas – particles well spaced out in random arrangement ; [2] (d) (i) (current =) 1000 / 250 = 4 (A) ; [1] (ii) (charge =) current × time ; = 4 × 120 = 480 (C) ; [2] (iii) (resistance =) voltage / current ; = 250 / 10 = 25 (Ω) ; [2] (e) hot water rises / cold water sinks ; heated water expands and is less dense ; [max 2] (f) can touch live wire and be electrocuted / short circuit ; socket overheats / danger of fire ; water is a good electrical conductor / danger of electrocution ; [3] [Total: 15]

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2011 0654 23 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 9 (a) (i) scales ; fins ; operculum / gill cover ; [max 2] (ii) scales ; [1] (b) joining of, gametes / sex cells / nuclei ; ref. to male and female (gametes) / ref to formation of zygote ; [2] (c) (i) more testosterone in fish bred in captivity (mothers) ; detail, for example: both before and after eggs hatched / figures quoted / difference quoted ; [2] (ii) idea that results only show correlation, not cause ; [1] (d) testis ; [1] [Total: 9]