Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2014 May/June Paper 3 · Variant 1

This document consists of 21 printed pages and 3 blank pages. IB14 06_0653_31/5RP © UCLES 2014 [Turn over *8793867040* Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/31 Paper 3 (Extended) May/June 2014 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows an experiment to compare how three metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid. magnesium copper X Fig. 1.1 In two of the test-tubes, bubbles of hydrogen gas are produced. (i) Complete the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. + MgCl2 + [2] (ii) List the three metals X, copper and magnesium, in order of reactivity. most reactive least reactive [1]

3 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) Fig. 1.2 shows an experiment in which the metal X is placed in solutions of copper chloride and magnesium chloride. metal X copper chloride solution test-tube A metal X magnesium chloride solution test-tube B Fig. 1.2 (i) Describe how the appearance of the contents of test-tube A would change after one hour. [2] (ii) Explain why you would not expect a chemical change in the contents of test-tube B. [1] (c) Copper can be extracted from copper oxide by heating it with carbon. The process involves the reduction of copper oxide. (i) State what is meant by the term reduction. [1] (ii) Aluminium is extracted by the process of electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide. Aluminium metal is deposited at the cathode of the electrolytic cell. Explain why metals are always deposited at the cathode, rather than the anode, during electrolysis. [2]

4 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 2 Fig. 2.1 shows a food web of the organisms in a woodland containing oak trees. oak trees squirrels beetles rabbits greenfly frogs hawks blackbirds foxes Fig. 2.1 (a) State the term used to describe these organisms, the woodland, and the interactions between them. [1] (b) The animals in the food web are consumers. Define the term consumer. [1] (c) The food web is a network of interconnected food chains. One food chain in Fig. 2.1, with three trophic levels, is shown. oak tree rabbit hawk Write down a food chain from Fig. 2.1 which has four trophic levels. [2]

5 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over (d) Describe two ways in which energy can be lost between trophic levels of a food chain. 1 2 [2] (e) The oak trees in the wood are cut down. Describe and explain how the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen change in the atmosphere in and around the woodland. [3]

6 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a cell (battery) and lamp taken from the same torch (flashlight). 1.5 V Magicell 3.0 V 1.2 A Fig. 3.1 (i) Explain why two cells are needed to light this lamp. [1] (ii) State what is meant by the quantity 1.2 A written on the lamp. [1] (iii) Calculate the resistance of the lamp when it is lit and give the unit. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working resistance = unit [3]

7 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) The torch is left switched on for a long time, until the batteries run down. The front of the torch becomes warm. Identify the energy transfers that have occurred during this time. [2] (c) The torch emits a narrow beam of light when switched on. Fig. 3.2 shows the torch shining at a plane mirror on the far side of a room. wall mirror Fig. 3.2 (i) On Fig. 3.2, construct an accurate ray diagram to show how a ray of light from the torch is reflected onto the wall. [2] (ii) The torch goes out suddenly. Explain why an observer cannot detect any delay in the spot of light disappearing from the wall. [1]

8 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 4 (a) Petroleum (crude oil) is a mixture of different hydrocarbons. Fig. 4.1 shows the industrial apparatus used to separate petroleum into useful products. tower refinery gases gasoline (petrol) naphtha kerosene diesel fuel oil bitumen petroleum vapour in Fig. 4.1 Petroleum is vaporised and passed up a tower. Useful products from petroleum condense at different positions in the tower. (i) State the name of the process used to separate the petroleum mixture into useful products. [1] (ii) Describe how the boiling point range of a particular product affects the position in the tower where it condenses. [1] (iii) Describe and explain the relationship between the boiling point of a hydrocarbon and the size of its molecules. [2]

9 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over (b) When hydrocarbons burn they produce carbon dioxide and water. Explain, in terms of the effect on the environment, why an increased level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of concern to many people. [2] (c) Two of the hydrocarbons in refinery gas are methane and ethane. (i) Complete the diagram of one molecule of ethane. C H [2] (ii) In the process of cracking, large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller ones. Explain briefly why some of the smaller molecules produced by cracking are more reactive than methane and ethane. [2]

10 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 5 (a) A boy uses headphones to listen to the radio. (i) State the useful energy transformation that occurs in the headphones when he is using them. [1] (ii) The radio emits sounds with frequencies between 100 Hz and 10 000 Hz. Explain why the boy is able to hear all the sounds emitted through the headphones. The boy has normal hearing. [1] (b) A boy is swimming in a swimming pool. His mass is 50 kg. He dives into the water from a height of 2 metres above the water surface, then swims one length of the 25 metre long pool at a constant speed of 0.5 m / s. (i) Calculate the potential energy lost by the boy as he dives and hits the water surface. (gravitational field strength, g = 10 N / kg) State the formula you use and show your working. formula working J [2]

11 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over (ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the boy as he swims one length. State the formula you use and show your working. formula working J [2] (c) A boy switches on a television set using a remote control. Fig. 5.1 shows some of the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the correct blank box on Fig. 5.1, write the name of the part of the spectrum used by the remote control. X-rays visible light microwaves [2] Fig. 5.1

12 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 BLANK PAGE

13 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over 6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows part of the human life cycle. The diagram is not to scale. sperm cell egg cell zygote ball of cells fertilisation Fig. 6.1 (i) From Fig. 6.1, name a diploid cell. [1] (ii) Cell division of the zygote produces a ball of cells. Describe in detail where in the female reproductive system this ball of cells is positioned for the next stage of development. [2] (b) New mothers have to decide whether to breast-feed their baby or to bottle-feed their baby with formula milk. Describe (i) one advantage of breast-feeding, [1] (ii) one advantage of bottle-feeding. [1]

14 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 (c) Table 6.1 summarises some of the nutrients contained in a sample of 100 g of breast milk. Table 6.1 nutrient mass in 100 g sample of milk protein 1.2 g fat 3.8 g carbohydrate 7.6 g vitamin C 0.0039 g calcium 0.033 g (i) Most of the mass of milk is water. Use the information in Table 6.1 to calculate the approximate mass of water in the sample of milk. You may ignore the two nutrients which have a mass much smaller than the other three nutrients in Table 6.1. Show your working. mass of water = g [2]

15 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over (ii) Energy is released from milk by respiration. 1 g of fat releases 37 kJ of energy. 1 g of carbohydrate releases 16 kJ of energy. Use the information in Table 6.1 to calculate whether more energy is released from the fat or the carbohydrate in the 100 g sample of milk. Show your working and state your answer. [3]

16 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows the outer shell of a chlorine atom. Cl Fig. 7.1 Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the outer electrons in the atoms of a chlorine molecule, Cl2. [2] (b) Chlorine is one of the halogens that are found in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Table 7.1 shows properties of some of the elements in Group VII. Table 7.1 period halogen colour physical state at room temperature 2 fluorine 3 chlorine yellow-green gas 4 bromine dark red-brown liquid 5 iodine blue-black solid Use the information in Table 7.1 to predict the colour and physical state of fluorine and complete Table 7. 1. [1]

17 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) Describe and explain what is seen when a dilute solution of chlorine is added to a colourless solution of potassium bromide. [2] (d) Table 7.2 shows some elements in Group 0 of the Periodic Table. Table 7.2 Group 0 helium neon argon krypton xenon (i) State a use for one named element in Group 0. name use [1] (ii) Describe how the electronic structure of the atoms of the elements of Group 0 affects their chemical properties. [2]

18 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 8 Fig. 8.1 shows a simple type of air conditioner called a ‘swamp cooler’ that is used in buildings in dry desert places. cool, damp air out hot, dry air in Fig. 8.1 Hot, dry air is blown by a fan over the surface of water in a metal container. The hot dry air causes some of the water to evaporate. The air coming out of the swamp cooler is cool and damp. (a) (i) Describe the changes to the arrangement of the molecules of water during evaporation. [2] (ii) Explain, referring to the movement of molecules in water and air, why the hot dry air is cooled. [2] (b) In hot countries, houses are often painted white. Explain why this helps to keep a house cooler. [2]

19 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 [Turn over (c) The fan in the swamp cooler is noisy. A girl standing in the same room can hear the noise. Describe how the sound (i) is produced by the fan, [1] (ii) travels from the fan to the girl’s ear. [1]

20 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 9 Fig. 9.1 is a flowchart to show the circulation of blood in the body. heart lungs body tissues heart direction of blood flow blood vessel Q blood vessel P Fig. 9.1 (a) Explain why this is described as a double circulation. . [1] (b) (i) Complete the sentence using words or phrases from the list. You may use each word or phrase once, more than once, or not at all. aorta body left lungs pulmonary artery pulmonary vein right Blood leaves the ventricle of the heart to go through blood vessel P, which is the , taking blood to the lungs. . [2] (ii) Blood in vessel P has a different pressure from blood in vessel Q. Describe this difference and explain why it is necessary. [2]

21 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 (c) The composition of blood changes as it flows through the tissues of the small intestine. State (i) one substance that leaves the blood as it flows through the tissues of the small intestine, [1] (ii) two substances that enter the blood as it flows through the tissues of the small intestine. [2]

22 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 BLANK PAGE

23 © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 BLANK PAGE

24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2014 0653/31/M/J/14 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 0653 COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/31 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 1 (a) (i) Mg + 2HCl → (MgCl2) + H2 formulae ; balancing ; [2] (ii) magnesium X copper ; [1] (b) (i) solution turns blue to colourless / becomes fainter ; brown deposit (of copper) (on metal X) ; [2] (ii) X is less reactive than magnesium / magnesium is more reactive than X ; [1] (c) (i) removal of oxygen / gain of electrons ; [1] (ii) metal ions have a positive charge ; cathode has a negative charge ; opposite charges attract ; [max 2] [Total 9]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 2 (a) ecosystem ; [1] (b) an organism that feeds on other organisms (to get its energy) ; [1] (c) oak trees → beetles → blackbirds → hawks OR oak trees → greenfly → frogs → hawks ; arrows correct ; [2] (d) heat ; respiration / movement / muscle contraction ; not all food digested / edible ; some creatures die before being eaten ; [max 2] (e) carbon dioxide level increased ; oxygen level decreased ; less photosynthesis / more decomposition / more decay / animals produce carbon dioxide by respiration ; [3] [Total: 9]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 3 (a) (i) lamp says it needs 3 V, so needs 2 × 1.5 V cells (owtte) ; OR the p.d. from one cell does not supply enough energy to light the lamp (owtte) ; OR requires the p.d. provided by two cells to supply enough energy to light the lamp (owtte) ; [1] (ii) lamp takes current of 1.2 A (when lit) (owtte) ; [1] (iii) R = V / I ; = 3 ÷ 1.2 = 2.5 ; Ω ; [3] (b) chemical → electrical ; electrical → light and heat ; [2] (c) (i) incident ray in line with axis of torch, reflected off mirror, hitting wall ; angle of incidence and angle of reflection reasonably equal on visual inspection ; [2] (ii) speed of light much faster than eye / brain can detect change (owtte) ; [1] [Total: 10] wall mirror

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 4 (a) (i) fractional distillation / fractionation ; [1] (ii) the lower the boiling point, the higher up the tower it condenses / the higher the boiling point the lower in tower ; [1] (iii) the longer the molecule the higher the boiling point ; longer molecules exert greater intermolecular force ; [2] (b) (increased CO2) traps more solar energy by the greenhouse effect ; leading to global warming ; resulting in environmental / climate changes / weather changes / flooding / increase in sea level ; [max 2] (c) (i) two carbons and six hydrogens ; correct structure ; [2] (ii) double bond / unsaturation present in (the) smaller molecules ; double bond is reactive / can (partially) break / can undergo (a variety of) addition reactions ; only strong single bonds present in methane and ethane ; [max 2] [Total 10] H C H H C H H H

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 5 (a) (i) electrical (energy) → sound (energy) ; [1] (ii) notes lie within normal range 20 Hz – 20,000 Hz ; [1] (b) (i) PE = mgh ; = 50 × 10 × 2 = 1000 (J) ; [2] (ii) K) = ½ mv2 ; = ½ x 50 × 0.5 × 0.5 = 6.25 (J) ; [2] (c) infra-red ; in box between visible light and microwaves ; [2] [Total 8]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 6 (a) (i) zygote / one of the ball of cells ; [1] (ii) into uterus ; implants / embed) in wall / lining ; [2] (b) (i) contains antibodies / available when needed / no sterilisation of bottles / bonding / cheaper / correct temperature / avp ; [1] (ii) can use if mother does not have enough milk / can get someone else to feed baby / can feed in public / avp ; [1] (c) (i) total mass of protein + fat + carbohydrate = 12.6 g ; mass of water = 100 – 12.6 = 87.4 g ; [2] (ii) (energy released by fat) = 3.8 × 37 = 140.6 (kJ) ; (energy released by carbohydrate) = 7.6 × 16 = 121.6 (kJ) ; fat releases (19 kJ) more energy ; [max 3] [Total 10]

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 7 (a) one shared pair of electrons ; three lone / non-bonding pairs on both atoms ; [2] (b) any suitable pale colour AND gas ; [1] (c) yellow / orange colouration ; displacement of bromine / chlorine is more reactive than bromine ; [2] (d) (i) (name) practical use ; [1] (ii) lack of reactivity ; due to full outer electron shells ; [2] [Total 8]

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 8 (a) (i) touching in liquid ; during evaporation becoming far apart ; and becoming mixed with air molecules / leaving body of liquid ; [max 2] (ii) molecules in hot air collides with molecules in cooled water surface ; molecules in air slow down, so temperature drops / energy transferred from hot air molecules to cool water molecules / (owtte) ; [ 2] (b) heating effect by radiation – infra-red ; white surfaces good reflector / bad absorber of radiation / infra-red ; [2] (c) (i) vibrations from fan (hit molecules in air) produce compressions and rarefactions / pressure waves in air ; [1] (ii) compressions and rarefactions / pressure waves / sound waves travel in air (to ear) ; [1] [Total 8]

Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2014 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 9 (a) blood passes through the heart twice (for each time around the body) ; [1] (b) (i) right ; pulmonary artery ; [2] (ii) higher at Q than P (ora) ; blood at Q has to go around body / blood at P only has to go to the lungs ; [2] (c) (i) oxygen ; [1] (ii) glucose ; amino acid ; fatty acid / glycerol ; named vitamin ; named mineral ; water ; carbon dioxide ; [max2] [Total 8]