Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2013 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 1

This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB13 11_0653_31/3RP © UCLES 2013 [Turn over *1426255156* UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/31 Paper 3 (Extended) October/November 2013 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 1 Sodium chloride is obtained from underground deposits in the Earth’s crust. Low-sodium salt is a mixture containing both sodium chloride and potassium chloride. (a) (i) Explain why the Earth’s crust contains the compound sodium chloride and not the uncombined elements, sodium and chlorine. [1] (ii) State one difference between a compound, such as potassium chloride, and a mixture, such as low-sodium salt. [2] (b) Table 1.1 contains the names and symbols of some positive and negative ions. Table 1.1 positive ions negative ions name symbol name symbol potassium K+ fluoride F- ammonium NH4 + oxide O2- calcium Ca2+ nitride N3- aluminium Al 3+ sulfate SO4 2- (i) Use the information shown in Table 1.1 and the Periodic Table on page 24 to determine the ions that have an electron configuration of 2, 8, 8. [1]

3 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Deduce the chemical formula of the compound calcium fluoride. Show how you obtained your answer. [2] (c) The element calcium is formed during the electrolysis of molten calcium chloride. During this process, calcium ions are converted to calcium atoms on the surface of the cathode. (i) Explain why calcium atoms form on the cathode and not on the anode. [2] (ii) Describe what happens at the surface of the cathode to convert calcium ions to calcium atoms. [2]

4 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 2 Fig. 2.1 shows the inside of a refrigerator. The temperature inside the freezing compartment is -20 °C and the temperature in the rest of the refrigerator is +5 °C. freezing compartment Fig. 2.1 (a) (i) The air in the refrigerator is cooled by convection. Draw one arrow on Fig. 2.1 to show the movement of the air cooled by the freezing compartment. [1] (ii) Explain this movement in terms of particles and density. [2] (b) The volume of air in the refrigerator is 0.15 m3. The density of air is 1.26 kg / m3. Calculate the mass of air in the refrigerator. State the formula that you use, show your working and state the unit of your answer. formula working unit [2]

5 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) (i) Complete the diagrams to show the arrangement of water molecules in solid ice and in liquid water. One molecule has been drawn for you in each box. Each diagram should contain at least twelve water molecules. solid ice liquid water [2] (ii) Each sentence describes either a solid, a liquid or a gas. In the right hand column write the letter S for solid, L for liquid or G for gas to match the description. description S, L or G It cannot flow. It cannot transfer heat by convection. It contains particles which are widely separated. It expands the most when heated. It fills a closed container. It has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. [2]

6 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use (d) A refrigerator can be warmed up by radiation energy absorbed by the outside surface of the refrigerator. Such absorption needs to be kept as low as possible. The four refrigerators shown in Fig. 2.2 are identical except for the outside surface. Chillor black, dull surface B Chillor black, shiny surface A Chillor white, dull surface C Chillor white, shiny surface D Fig. 2.2 State which refrigerator is most effective at keeping the contents cool. Explain your answer. [2]

7 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 3.

8 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 3 The concentration of glucose in the blood does not normally vary much. Researchers investigated how adding fibre to foods affected the concentration of glucose in the blood after eating. Fig. 3.1 shows the results that they obtained for two different types of cornflakes. Cornflakes contain a lot of starch. 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 60 time / minutes 80 100 120 blood glucose concentration / arbitrary units cornflakes with cornflakes with no added fibre no added fibre cornflakes with cornflakes with added fibre added fibre cornflakes with no added fibre cornflakes with added fibre cornflakes eaten Fig. 3.1 Use the information in Fig. 3.1 to help you to answer the following questions. (a) Describe how the blood glucose concentration changed after eating cornflakes with no added fibre. [3]

9 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Suggest explanations for these changes in blood glucose concentration. [3] (c) (i) Describe how adding fibre to the cornflakes affected the changes in blood glucose concentration after eating. [3] (ii) Outline one other way in which fibre in the diet affects health. [1]

10 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 4 Fig. 4.1 shows the nucleus and outer electron shell of an atom of an element from the third period of the Periodic Table . Fig. 4.1 (a) Deduce the name of the element and explain your answer briefly. name of element explanation [2]

11 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Fig. 4.2 shows the melting points of four metallic elements from the same group of the Periodic Table. 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 proton number melting point / °C Fig. 4.2 (i) State the number of the group that contains the elements whose melting points are shown in Fig. 4.2. Explain your answer briefly. group number explanation [2] (ii) Estimate the melting point of the next element in the same group of the Periodic Table. Use the symbol X to mark your estimate on the grid in Fig. 4.2. [2]

12 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 4.3 shows a cross section through a blast furnace which is used to extract iron from iron oxide. iron gas A rising to react with iron oxide hot air impurities hot gases molten iron moving down to the base raw materials including iron oxide and coke (carbon) Fig. 4.3 (i) Name gas A which reacts with iron oxide to produce iron. [1] (ii) Name the type of chemical change that the iron oxide undergoes in (i). Explain your answer briefly. type of chemical reaction explanation [2] (iii) State the word chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in (i). [1]

13 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over Please turn over for Question 5.

14 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 5 Fig. 5.1 shows a solar-powered vehicle. Fig. 5.1 (a) Fig. 5.2 shows a speed / time graph for the vehicle for the first hour of a journey. 0 1000 2000 time / s 3000 4000 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 speed / m per s Fig. 5.2 (i) Calculate the distance travelled during 4000 s. Show your working and state the unit of your answer. unit [2]

15 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle during the first 1000 s. Show your working. m / s2 [2] (b) Fig. 5.3 shows the energy flow diagram for the solar-powered vehicle. solar energy solar cell 90% reflected off solar cell 30% lost to environment electric motor 10% transferred to motor 70% transferred to kinetic energy of vehicle Fig. 5.3 (i) State the efficiency of the solar cell. % [1] (ii) During part of the journey, the solar cell receives 1 000 000 joules of solar energy. Calculate the number of joules transferred as kinetic energy to the vehicle. Show your working. J [2]

16 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows an external view of the heart and the blood vessels that are connected to it. pulmonary artery direction of blood flow coronary arteries site of blockage B pulmonary veins left ventricle Fig. 6.1 (a) The muscles in the walls of the ventricles contract and relax rhythmically. (i) Describe how contraction of the muscles in the wall of the left ventricle affects the blood inside the ventricle. [2] (ii) Describe how contraction of the muscles in the wall of the left ventricle affects the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. [1] (b) The coronary arteries supply the muscles of the heart with oxygen and nutrients. (i) Explain why these muscles require a constant supply of oxygen. [2]

17 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) A blockage occurs in the coronary artery at site B. On Fig. 6.1, shade the area of the heart wall that will be affected by this blockage. [1] (iii) List three lifestyle factors that increase the chance that a blockage will develop in a coronary artery. 1 2 3 [3]

18 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 7 Ethene, C2H4, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. (a) Fig. 7.1 shows structures of the molecules involved when ethene reacts with bromine. C C H H H H Br Br Br Br C C H H H H + Fig. 7.1 (i) Describe the colour change that is observed when ethene reacts with bromine. from to [1] (ii) Name the type of chemical reaction shown in Fig. 7.1. [1] (iii) The reaction between ethene and hydrogen chloride, HCl (g), is similar to the reaction shown in Fig. 7.1. Complete the equation below to suggest the structure of the molecule that is produced. C C H H H H H Cl + [2] (b) Methane, CH4, reacts with steam in the presence of a catalyst to produce carbon monoxide, CO, and hydrogen gas. Construct a balanced symbol chemical equation for this reaction. [3]

19 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit which could be used for the lights on a car. When each headlight bulb is fully lit, 6 A passes through it. When each sidelight is fully lit, 0.5 A passes through it. 12 V sidelights headlights A B Fig. 8.1 Calculate the total current flowing from the battery when switch A is closed and switch B is open, switches A and B are both closed. [1] (b) Each sidelight has a resistance of 24 Ω. Calculate the combined resistance of the four sidelights connected in parallel in this circuit. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working Ω [3]

20 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a plant cell. chloroplast starch grain cellulose cell wall large permanent vacuole nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm vacuole membrane Fig. 9.1 (i) Name the tissue in the leaf in which this type of cell is found. [1] (ii) Explain how this cell is adapted to carry out photosynthesis. [3] (b) About one tenth of the Earth's surface is covered by forests in which much photosynthesis takes place. Explain how extensive deforestation could lead to an increase in the rate of global warming. [3]

21 © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 For Examiner's Use 10 (a) Fig. 10.1 represents the electromagnetic spectrum. gamma rays X-rays ultraviolet visible light infra red microwaves radio waves Fig. 10.1 Name the type of electromagnetic wave that is used (i) to send a signal to a TV from a remote control, [1] (ii) to send satellite TV information. [1] (b) Gamma rays travel at a speed of 3 x 108 m / s. State the speed at which X-rays travel. [1] (c) Fig. 10.2 represents a wave. 300 metres 3 metres 3 metres 3 metres Fig. 10.2 Use Fig. 10.2 to find the wavelength of the wave, m amplitude of the wave. m [2]

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24 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2013 0653/31/O/N/13 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulfur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2013 series 0653 COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/31 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2013 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 1 (a) (i) reference to reactivity of elements / compound is more stable ; [1] (ii) compound has elements in fixed proportions / has a formula ; mixture has no fixed proportions ; compound has new chemical properties ; mixture retains the properties of the constituents ; compound has all constituents chemically bonded ; mixture does not have chemical bonds between all constituents ; a mixture can be separated by physical means ; a compound cannot / can only be separated by chemical means ; a compound is formed by chemical reaction a mixture is not formed by chemical reaction ; [max 2] (b) (i) potassium and calcium (both required) /Ca2+ and K+ ; [1] (ii) reference to charge balance / correct electron transfer shown ; CaF2 ; [2] (c) (i) cathode is negative ; reference to attraction between opposite charges ; [2] (ii) ions gain electrons ; each ion gains two (electrons) / is discharged ; [2] [Total: 10] 2 (a) (i) arrow going downwards ; [1] (ii) cooler air / gas contracts / particles closer together / particles are moving more slowly / particles have less kinetic energy ; cold air is denser (therefore moves down) ; [2] (b) (mass =) density × volume / 1.26 × 0.15 ; = 1.26 × 0.15 = 0.19 kg / 0.189 kg / 189 g ; [2] (c) (i) solid – all particles touching, regular arrangement particles of similar size ; liquid – most particles touching, irregular arrangement particles of similar size ; [2]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 (ii) Description S, L or G It cannot flow. S It cannot transfer heat by convection. S It contains particles which are widely separated. G It expands the most when heated. G It fills a closed container. G It has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. L 1 mark for every three correct answers ; ; [2] (d) refrigerator D (no mark) white/light surfaces are worst absorbers / reflect most radiation ; radiation ; shiny surfaces are worst absorbers / reflect most radiation ; [2] 3 (a) increased then decreased ; increased more rapidly than it decreased ; maximum 6.6 units / peak reached after 40 minutes ; quote figures, e.g. returned to normal / 2 units by 100 minutes ; [max 3] (b) starch digested / broken down to, sugar / glucose ; by enzymes / amylase ; sugar / glucose, absorbed into the blood in the small intestine (causing increase) ; sugar / glucose, used in respiration (causing decrease) [max 3] (c) (i) (blood glucose concentration) did not rise as high ; maximum 4 units rather than 6.6 units ; rose more slowly ; fell more slowly ; took longer to return to normal / does not return to normal by end / at end it is 0.2 units higher than at the start ; [max 3] (ii) reduces, constipation / bowel cancer ; [1] [Total: 10]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 4 (a) silicon ; in Group 4 (and third period) / (atoms has) four outer electrons ; [2] (b) (i) Group 1 ; reference to at least one of the proton numbers plotted on graph / all proton numbers match those of group 1 elements ; [2] (ii) allow anywhere in range 34–20 °C ; at proton number 55 ; [2] (c) (i) carbon monoxide ; [1] (ii) redox / reduction ; oxygen removed from iron oxide ; [2] (iii) iron oxide + carbon monoxide iron + carbon dioxide ; [1] [Total: 10] 5 (a) (i) area under graph/working/ ½ × 1000 x 30 + 3000 × 30 ; 105,000 m ; [2] (ii) (acceleration =) gradient or 30 / 1000 ; = 0.03 m / s2 ; [2] (b) (i) 10% ; [1] (ii) 1,000,000 × 0.10 ; × 0.70 = 70,000 J ; [2] [Total: 7] 6 (a) (i) increases pressure / reference to high pressure ; pushes blood out into the aorta / out of the heart ; [2] (ii) closes it ; [1] (b) (i) use energy for contraction ; energy obtained by respiration ; respiration uses oxygen ; [max 2] (ii) most of area below the label line and to the left of the septum shaded ; [1] (iii) eating too much fat / high fat diet / eating fatty food ; not enough exercise ; stress / overwork ; smoking ; [max 3] [Total: 9]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 7 (a) (i) orange / yellow to colourless ; [1] (ii) addition ; [1] (iii) ; ; all single bonds ; all else correct ; [2] (b) CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2 ; ; ; [3] (LHS formulae ; RHS formulae: balanced – one mark) [Total: 7] 8 (a) 2.0 A 14 A ; both required for the mark [1] (b) 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 ; = 4 / 24 = 1 / 6 ; R = 6 Ω ; or R = V/I ; = 12/2 ; =6 Ω ; [3] [Total: 4] H Cl C C H H H H

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0653 31 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 9 (a) (i) palisade (mesophyll) ; [1] (ii) photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts ; chloroplasts contain chlorophyll ; chlorophyll absorbs, sunlight / energy from sunlight ; starch grain stores products of photosynthesis ; cell membrane allows water and carbon dioxide to enter the cell ; detail, e.g. chloroplasts near edge of cell to obtain more sunlight ; [max 3] (b) less photosynthesis ; so less carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere ; burning / trees produces carbon dioxide ; rotting trees produce carbon dioxide ; carbon dioxide traps long wave / infra-red radiation / heat / thermal energy ; reduces rate of loss of heat from the Earth's surface ; [max 3] [Total: 7] 10 (a) (i) infrared ; [1] (ii) microwaves ; [1] (b) 3 × 108 m / s ; [1] (c) 100 m ; 1.5 m ; [2] [Total: 5]