Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2008 May/June Paper 3 · Variant 1

This document consists of 20 printed pages. IB08 06_0653_03/4RP © UCLES 2008 [Turn over *3252339319* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/03 Paper 3 (Extended) May/June 2008 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Give the term that matches each of these definitions. a green pigment, found in some plant cells, which absorbs light energy an organelle, found in some plant cells, where photosynthesis occurs a fully permeable layer surrounding a plant cell a partially permeable layer surrounding all cells [2] (b) During photosynthesis, glucose is produced in the leaves of a plant. Some of the glucose is changed to a different sugar and transported to the roots, where it is converted into starch and stored. (i) The diagram represents a glucose molecule. Complete the diagram to show part of a starch molecule. [1] (ii) If the outer parts of a plant stem are damaged, this can prevent sugars being transported to the roots. Explain why this happens, and why it can kill the plant. [2]

3 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 1.1 shows one of the ways in which a plant called Bryophyllum reproduces. It grows new plantlets from its leaves. Fig. 1.1 (i) Name the type of reproduction that is taking place. [1] (ii) Explain why reproducing in this way, rather than by producing seeds, might be an advantage to the plant. [3] (d) Describe one other function of plant leaves, apart from photosynthesis and reproduction. [2]

4 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 2 (a) A student wrote down some properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Draw a line from each property to the correct radiation. contains negatively charged particles passes through several centimetres of lead has no mass is deflected towards a negatively charged plate is not affected by an electric field is the most ionising in air alpha beta gamma [3] (b) Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope of cobalt. Explain what is meant by the word isotope. [2] (c) Gamma radiation can be used to sterilise surgical instruments. What property of gamma radiation makes it suitable for this purpose? [1] (d) A scientist investigated the activity of a radioactive isotope. She measured a count rate of 8000 per second. 20 minutes later the count rate was 2000 per second. (i) Calculate the half-life of the isotope. [1]

5 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Predict how long after the start of the experiment the scientist could expect to measure a count rate of 250 per second. Show your working. [2] (e) In an experiment, a radiation detector was set up and used to measure background radiation. The background radiation in the laboratory was found to be 40 counts per minute. (i) What is background radiation? [1] (ii) A radioactive source was placed near the detector and a reading of 1200 counts per minute was recorded. What was the count rate of the radioactive source? counts per minute [1]

6 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 3 Kerosene is a mixture of hydrocarbons used as a fuel for aircraft and for lighting and cooking. Kerosene is obtained from petroleum (crude oil) and is a liquid which boils in the range 150 oC – 200 oC. (a) (i) Name one other type of liquid fuel which is obtained from petroleum. [1] (ii) State the important difference between the various compounds in petroleum which enables them to be separated by fractional distillation. [1] (b) A typical molecule in kerosene has the formula C13H28. Complete the balanced equation below for the complete combustion of C13H28. C13H28 + … 13CO2 + 14H2O [2] (c) Fig. 3.1 shows a dot-and-cross diagram of a molecule of carbon dioxide. O C O × × × × × × × × × × × × A Fig. 3.1 Describe in detail what is shown by the shaded area, A. [2]

7 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 4 Fig. 4.1 shows the quantity of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide that was emitted to the atmosphere by a large industrial company between 2001 and 2005. 2001 2002 2003 year 2004 2005 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 tonnes nitrogen oxides sulphur dioxide Fig. 4.1 (a) Describe the change in emissions of nitrogen oxides between 2001 and 2005. [2] (b) Suggest two ways in which the changes in sulphur dioxide emissions may have been brought about. [2] (c) Explain why reducing the quantities of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide that are emitted to the air would be beneficial to the environment. [3]

8 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 5 A man is playing golf. (a) As the golfer moves around the course in a golf cart, his movement is measured. The measurements are plotted on the graph in Fig. 5.1. A B C D 0 10 20 30 time / s 40 50 60 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 speed m / s A B C D Fig. 5.1 Describe what is happening between A – B B – C [2] (b) Calculate the total distance covered. Show your working. [3]

9 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 6 Fig. 6.1 shows apparatus which can be used to reduce copper oxide to copper. Copper oxide is a black powder and during the reaction metallic copper forms inside the reaction tube. copper oxide reaction tube hydrogen excess hydrogen being burnt heat Fig. 6.1 (a) (i) Select from the list of substances below to complete the word equation for the reaction in Fig. 6.1. air copper copper oxide hydrogen oxygen water + + [1] (ii) Describe one piece of evidence which would show that copper had been formed in this reaction. [1] (b) Copper oxide is an ionic compound. (i) Explain why an oxide ion has an electrical charge of –2 but an oxygen atom is electrically neutral. [2]

10 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use (ii) The formula of copper oxide is CuO. State the number of electrons which each copper ion gains to become a copper atom during the reaction in Fig. 6.1. Explain your answer. [2] (c) Fig. 6.2 shows another method of producing copper from copper oxide. warm dilute sulphuric acid copper oxide excess copper oxide step 1 zinc step 3 step 2 solution P Fig. 6.2

11 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (i) Write the name of the salt dissolved in solution P in Fig. 6.2. [1] (ii) Explain why zinc is able to react with the salt in solution P. [1] (iii) Explain, in terms of the transfer of electrons, which substance is oxidised when zinc reacts in solution P. [2]

12 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 7 Fig. 7.1 shows the structure of the human thorax. Fig. 7.1 (a) Using label lines, label each of the following structures. • bronchus • pleural membrane • trachea • rib [2] (b) Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli. When a person smokes for a number of years, the walls of the alveoli start to break down. This is called emphysema. Explain why emphysema makes it more difficult for oxygen to get into the blood. [2]

13 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Oxygen is transported around the body in red blood cells. Fig. 7.2 is a diagram of a group of red blood cells. Fig. 7.2 Choose three features of red blood cells and for each of them explain how this adapts them for their function. [3] (d) Explain why body cells need a constant supply of oxygen. [2]

14 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 8 (a) A car travels 2 kilometres, at a steady speed, in 100 seconds. The total force driving the car forward is 1000 N. (i) Calculate the work done by the total driving force over this distance. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [2] (ii) Calculate the useful power output of the engine during this time. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [2] (b) A policeman is using a radar gun to measure the speed of a car. The radar gun emits microwaves which hit the moving car and bounce back to a receiver in the radar gun. A computer in the radar gun calculates the speed of the car. microwaves from gun microwaves to gun radar gun

15 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (i) What type of waves are microwaves? [1] (ii) The waves bounce off the car back towards the radar gun. Name this process. [1] (c) The headlamps on the car are connected in parallel as shown in Fig. 8.1. 12 V 4 Ω 4 Ω Fig. 8.1 Each headlamp has a resistance of 4 ohms. Calculate the combined resistance of the two headlamps. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working [3]

16 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use (d) Fig. 8.2 shows a spring. The spring is 10 cm long. A 50 g mass is hung on the spring and the length of the spring increases to 13 cm. 10 cm 13 cm Fig. 8.2 The 50 g mass is replaced by an object of unknown mass. The new length of the spring is 22 cm. Calculate the value of the unknown mass. Show your working. [2]

17 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 9 The Periodic Table shows all of the chemical elements arranged into groups and periods. Fig. 9.1 shows part of the Periodic Table. The letters in this table are not the normal chemical symbols of the elements. F C G 2 1 3 4 B H D E I 0 VII VI V IV III II A Fig. 9.1 (a) Complete the statements below using letters, chosen from A to H, which refer to elements in Fig. 9.1. Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all. • The three elements shown as letters , and have the same number of electrons in the outer shells of their atoms. • The element shown as letter is a very reactive non-metal. [2] (b) A student used the apparatus shown in Fig. 9.2 to investigate the decomposition of the compound hydrogen peroxide, H2O2. The balanced equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is shown below. 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 electronic balance manganese dioxide conical flask hydrogen peroxide solution Fig. 9.2

18 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use The student measured the decrease in mass of the conical flask and its contents which occurred during the reaction. Table 9.1 shows the measurements the student made in a series of trials using different masses of manganese dioxide. The initial concentration and volume of the hydrogen peroxide solution in each trial were the same. Table 9.1 mass of manganese dioxide / g trial start end time for reaction to finish / seconds decrease in mass during trial / g 1 0 0 too long to measure 0 2 0.5 0.5 540 1.6 3 1.0 1.0 270 1.6 4 2.0 2.0 135 1.6 (i) Explain why the mass of the flask and contents decreased in trials 2 to 4. [1] (ii) What effect does the mass of manganese dioxide have on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide? [1] (iii) Use the information in Table 9.1 to explain the role of manganese dioxide in this reaction. [3]

19 © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use (iv) The rate of chemical reactions increases if the temperature increases. Explain in terms of collisions between particles why this happens. [2] (c) Calculate the relative molecular mass (Mr) of hydrogen peroxide. Show your working. [1]

20 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2008 0653/03/M/J/08 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2008 question paper 0653 COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/03 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2008 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 03 © UCLES 2008 1 (a) chlorophyll chloroplast (cell) wall cell membrane two correct for one mark; [2] (b) (i) at least two more rectangles drawn, in a line and connected; [1] (ii) (damages) phloem (vessels)/sieve tubes; no mark if xylem is also referred to through which sugar is transported; root cells cannot make their own, sugar/carbohydrate/glucose/sucrose; [max 2] (c) (i) asexual/vegetative; [1] (ii) can reproduce without a partner; so reproduction possible even if few other plants around; offspring are genetically identical to parent/clones; so if parent is adapted to environment they will be as well; young plants already have roots; so have a better chance of survival than a germinating seedling; [max 3] (d) transpiration/water loss from leaves/evaporation; water vapour diffuses out of leaves; water drawn up through xylem vessels; also allow other functions, e.g. form pitchers; to trap insects for nitrogen source; produce tendrils; for climbing; store food; as starch/other named; store water; in dry environment; excretion; loss of named waste product; respiration; release energy from glucose; not ‘produce’ energy [max 2] [Total: 11]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 03 © UCLES 2008 2 (a) Contains negatively charged particles Passes through several centimetres of lead Has no mass Is deflected towards a negatively charged plate Is not affected by an electric field Is the most ionising in air any two correct for one mark;; [3] (b) a form of an element with same number of protons/atomic number; different number of neutrons/different mass number; [2] (c) ionising/destroys cells; [1] (d) (i) 10 minutes; [1] (ii) five half lives/working; 50 minutes; allow ecf [2] (e) (i) radiation from sources in the environment; [1] (ii) 1160 (cpm); [1] [Total: 11] 3 (a) (i) gasoline or petrol/diesel/fuel oil/propane/butane/naphtha; [1] (ii) different boiling points/intermolecular attractive forces; [1] (b) O2; 20(O2); [2] (c) a covalent bond; shared electrons; two shared pairs of electrons/double bond; [2] [Total: 6] alpha beta gamma

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 03 © UCLES 2008 4 (a) it decreased; more steeply at first/other description of shape of curve; [2] (b) burning less fossil fuels; using better quality fuels/removed S from fuel before burning; ‘scrubbers’ to clean emissions; [max 2] (c) they are harmful to human health; cause breathing problems/named illness; cause acid rain; damages buildings; by reacting with/damaging, limestone; harms/kills, plants/trees; acidifies lakes/rivers; so fish/shellfish cannot live there/harms aquatic organisms; [max 3] [Total: 7] 5 (a) A – B constant acceleration; B – C constant speed; [2] (b) total distance covered = area under graph; (0.5 x 5 x 4) + (40 x 4) + (0.5 x 5 x 4); = 180m; [3] [Total: 5] 6 (a) (i) copper oxide + hydrogen → copper + water; [1] (ii) appropriate colour change/electrical conductivity; [1] (b) (i) oxide ion has 2 more electrons (than protons)/has gained 2 electrons; oxygen atom has same number of electrons as protons; [2] (ii) two; because copper ion has +2 charge to balance the –2 oxide charge; and so to discharge the Cu2+ ion two electrons are required; [max. 2] (c) (i) copper sulphate/copper(II) sulphate ; not formula [1] (ii) zinc is more reactive than copper; [1] (iii) zinc (atoms) oxidised; because electrons are removed/transfer to copper ions; [2] [Total: 10]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 03 © UCLES 2008 7 (a) one mark per two correct labels; [2] trachea bronchus pleural membrane rib (b) less (surface) area; for diffusion; [2] (c) contain haemoglobin; which combines with oxygen; ignore ‘transports oxygen’ as this is in the question. no nucleus; more room for haemoglobin; (bi)concave; increases surface area which increases rate of oxygen, uptake/release; small; get close to tissues/squeeze through smallest capillaries; [max 3] (d) respiration; to release energy; not to ‘produce’ energy [2] [Total: 9] bronchus trachea pleural membrane rib

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 03 © UCLES 2008 8 (a) (i) work done = force x distance; = 1000 x 2000 = 2000 000 J; [2] (ii) power = work / time; = 2000 000 / 100 = 20 000 W; allow J/s [2] allow ecf (b) (i) electromagnetic/transverse; [1] (ii) reflection; [1] (c) correct formula; 2 1 1 1 1 R R R + = ; 1/R = ¼ + ¼; R = 2 ohms; [3] (d) extension = 12 cm/appropriate working; (4 x mass =) 200 g; [2] [Total: 11] 9 (a) F C G; D; [2] (b) (i) oxygen/gas/material is given off/leaves the flask; [1] (ii) increasing the mass of MnO2 increases the rate; [1] (iii) acts as a catalyst; catalyst speeds up reaction (without being consumed); evidence from table: mass of MnO2 does not decrease (so is not consumed); detail which reasonably accounts for effect on rate of increasing amount of catalyst; ref. decreasing activation energy; [max 3] (iv) higher temp means particles move faster; not vibrate so collision frequency increases; so collision energy increases/hit each other harder; any correct discussion of activation energy; [max 2] (c) 34; [1] [Total: 10]