Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2008 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 20 printed pages. IB08 06_0653_02/3RP © UCLES 2008 [Turn over *8492104199* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/02 Paper 2 (Core) May/June 2008 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 1 The Periodic Table shows all of the chemical elements arranged into groups and periods. Fig. 1.1 shows part of the Periodic Table. The letters in this table are not the normal chemical symbols of the elements. F C G 2 1 3 4 B H D E I 0 VII VI V IV III II A Fig. 1.1 (a) Complete the statements below using letters, chosen from A to H, which refer to elements in Fig. 1.1. Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all. • The element shown as letter is an alkali metal in period 3. • The element shown as letter is the noble gas with the lowest density. • The three elements shown as letters , and have very similar chemical properties to each other. • The element shown as letter is sometimes used as a catalyst. [4] (b) The elements sodium and sulphur are both oxidised when they burn in air to produce sodium oxide and sulphur dioxide respectively. (i) Explain the meaning of the term oxidised. [1]

3 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Sodium oxide reacts with water to form solution P. Sulphur dioxide reacts with water to form solution Q. Predict and explain the colour of Universal Indicator solution when added to P and Q. colour in P explanation colour in Q explanation [4] (iii) Name the type of chemical reaction which occurs when solution P is added to solution Q. [1]

4 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 2 Fig. 2.1 shows the structure of the human thorax (seen from the front). A B C D E F Fig. 2.1 (a) Give the letter of each of the following structures. (i) the left bronchus (ii) a pleural membrane (iii) a place where there are goblet cells and cilia [3] (b) Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli. When a person smokes for a number of years, the walls of the alveoli start to break down. This is called emphysema. (i) Name the process by which molecules of oxygen pass into the blood from the alveoli. [1] (ii) Explain why emphysema makes it more difficult for oxygen to get into the blood. [2]

5 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Oxygen is transported around the body in red blood cells. Fig. 2.2 is a diagram of a group of red blood cells. Fig. 2.2 (i) State one difference, apart from their colour, between the appearance of red blood cells and white blood cells. [1] (ii) What makes red blood cells look red? [1] (d) Explain why body cells need a constant supply of oxygen. [2]

6 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 3 A man drives a golf ball with his club and it flies through the air for nearly 200 metres. (a) (i) State the form of energy given to the ball by the club when the ball is hit. [1] (ii) State the type of energy gained by the ball as it rises into the air after being hit. [1] (b) As the golfer moves around the course in a golf cart, his movement is measured. The measurements are plotted on the graph in Fig. 3.1. A B C D 0 10 20 30 time / s 40 50 60 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 speed m / s A B C D Fig. 3.1 (i) Describe what is happening between A – B B – C C – D [3] (ii) What is the speed of the cart after 3 seconds? m / s [1]

7 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) The golfer hits the ball along the ground. It travels 6 m in 3 s. Calculate the average speed of the ball. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working m / s [2] (d) The golfer’s bag of clubs has a mass of 6 kg. (i) Calculate the weight of the bag of clubs. Assume that the gravitational field strength on Earth is 10 N / kg. N [1] (ii) Calculate the work done by the golfer when the bag is lifted 0.5 m. State the formula that you use and show your working. formula working J [2]

8 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 4 Kerosene is a mixture of hydrocarbons used as a fuel for aircraft and for lighting and cooking. (a) Kerosene is obtained from petroleum (crude oil) and is a liquid which boils in the range 150 oC – 200 oC. (i) Name the process used to separate kerosene from petroleum. [1] (ii) State the important difference between the various compounds in petroleum which enables them to be separated by the process you have named in (i). [1] (b) The light from a kerosene lamp is provided by the flame produced when kerosene burns in air. The lamp must be carefully designed and operated to ensure that most of the kerosene undergoes complete combustion. kerosene lamp flame providing light chimney allows gases to escape (i) Complete the word chemical equation for the complete combustion of kerosene. + kerosene + [2]

9 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) Describe one observation which shows that the reaction occurring in the kerosene lamp is exothermic. [1] (c) The full chemical symbol for carbon is shown below. 12 6 C Draw a diagram of a carbon atom. Label the nucleus and show the full electron configuration. [2]

10 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 5 Fig. 5.1 shows the quantity of carbon dioxide that was emitted to the atmosphere by a large industrial company, between 2000 and 2005. 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 year carbon dioxide emissions / thousands of tonnes Fig. 5.1 (a) Describe how the company’s carbon dioxide emissions changed between 2000 and 2005. [2] (b) The company stated that these carbon dioxide emissions included those relating to the electricity that it used. Explain how using electricity can be responsible for emissions of carbon dioxide. [2] (c) Apart from using less electricity, suggest one other way that the company could reduce its carbon dioxide emissions. [1]

11 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) In 1997, at a meeting in the city of Kyoto in Japan, many countries in the world signed an agreement to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide. The agreement came into force in 2005. Explain why we need to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. [2] (e) Tropical rainforests can help to combat rising levels of carbon dioxide, because they take it from the air and use it in photosynthesis. Describe one other reason why we should try to conserve tropical rainforests. [2]

12 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 6 (a) A policeman is using a radar gun to measure the speed of a car. The radar gun emits microwaves which hit the moving car and bounce back to a receiver in the radar gun. A computer in the radar gun calculates the speed of the car. microwaves from gun microwaves to gun radar gun (i) What type of waves are microwaves? [1] (ii) The waves bounce off the car back towards the radar gun. What is this process called? [1] (b) A car has two headlamps and two rear lamps. All four lamps are connected in parallel with each other across a 12 V battery. (i) Complete the circuit diagram below to show how the four lamps are connected to the battery. Include one switch in your circuit which will control all four lamps. 12 V [2]

13 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) If the filament in one lamp breaks, the other three stay lit. Explain why this happens. [1] (c) Fig. 6.1 shows a spring. The spring is 10 cm long. A metal nut is hung on the spring and the length is now 13 cm. 10 cm 13 cm Fig. 6.1 Calculate the length of the spring if 3 more identical nuts are hung on the spring. Show your working. cm [2]

14 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 7 (a) Draw lines to link each term to its definition. a green pigment found in some plant cells, which absorbs energy from sunlight definition a partially permeable layer surrounding a cell a fully permeable layer surrounding a plant cell an organelle found in some plant cells, where photosynthesis takes place cell membrane term chlorophyll cell wall chloroplast [3] (b) Plant leaves often contain starch, which is produced during photosynthesis. Describe how the starch is produced. [2]

15 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 7.1 shows one of the ways in which a plant called Bryophyllum reproduces. It grows new plantlets from its leaves. Fig. 7.1 (i) Name the type of reproduction that is taking place. [1] (ii) The new plants that are produced are clones of the parent plant. Explain what is meant by the term clone. [2]

16 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use 8 (a) A student wrote down some properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Draw a line from each property to the correct radiation. stopped by paper contains negatively charged particles passes through several centimetres of lead passes through paper but stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium has no mass alpha beta gamma [3] (b) (i) Gamma radiation can be used to sterilise surgical instruments. What property of gamma radiation makes it suitable for this purpose? [1] (ii) State one other use for radiation from a radioactive source. [1] (c) In an experiment a radiation detector was set up and used to measure background radiation. The background radiation in the laboratory was found to be 40 counts per minute. (i) What is background radiation? [1] (ii) State one source of background radiation. [1] (iii) A radioactive source was placed near the detector and a reading of 1200 counts per minute was recorded. What was the count rate of the radioactive source? counts per minute [1]

17 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 9 Fig. 9.1 shows apparatus which can be used to reduce copper oxide to copper. Copper oxide is a black powder and during the reaction metallic copper forms inside the reaction tube. copper oxide reaction tube hydrogen excess hydrogen being burnt heat Fig. 9.1 (a) (i) Select from the list of substances below to complete the word equation for the reaction in Fig. 9.1. air copper copper oxide hydrogen oxygen water + + [1] (ii) Describe one piece of evidence which would show that copper had been formed in this reaction. [1]

18 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use (b) When a student carried out the reaction in Fig. 9.1 she realised the material left inside the reaction tube was a mixture of metallic copper and unreacted copper oxide. In order to separate the metallic copper, she stirred the material from the reaction tube with warm dilute sulphuric acid for several minutes. She then filtered the mixture as shown in Fig. 9.2. warm dilute sulphuric acid mixture from reaction tube Fig. 9.2 (i) Name the copper compound formed when sulphuric acid reacts with copper oxide. [1] (ii) The copper compound you have named in (i) is soluble. Explain why the method shown in Fig. 9.2 is successful in separating metallic copper from the original mixture of copper and copper oxide. [2] (c) Copper oxide is a compound of a metal and a non-metal. (i) Name the type of chemical bonding in copper oxide. [1] (ii) Explain why there is a strong force of attraction between the copper and oxide particles in copper oxide. [2]

19 © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 For Examiner's Use (d) Metallic copper can also be obtained by electrolysis. copper chloride solution – + Fig. 9.3 Describe what would be seen at each of the electrodes when the electrolysis shown in Fig. 9.3 is carried out. at the positive electrode at the negative electrode [2]

20 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2008 0653/02/M/J/08 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2008 question paper 0653 COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/02 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2008 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 02 © UCLES 2008 1 (a) C; A; F C G; B; [4] (b) (i) reacts with/joins with oxygen; [1] (allow any correct definition of oxidation) (ii) blue/purple (reject blue/black) (metal oxides produce) alkaline (solutions); orange/red/pink/other obvious red shades; (non-metal oxides produce) acidic (solutions); [4] (mark colours and reasons separately) (iii) neutralisation; [1] [Total: 10] 2 (a) (i) B; (ii) E; (iii) A/B; [3] (b) (i) diffusion; [1] (ii) less surface area; idea of less contact between air and blood; less diffusion; [max 2] (c) (i) no nucleus; biconcave/detailed description of shape; [max 1] (ii) haemoglobin; [1] (d) respiration; for energy; for oxidation of glucose; [max 2] [Total: 10]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 02 © UCLES 2008 3 (a) (i) kinetic/motion/movement energy; [1] (ii) (gravitational) potential energy; [1] (b) (i) A – B (constant) acceleration/speeding up; B – C constant speed; C – D (constant) deceleration/slowing down; [3] (ii) 2.4 m / s (allow 2.3 to 2.5 inclusive); [1] (c) (average speed =) distance/time; = 6/3 = 2.0 m/s; [2] (d) (i) 60 N; [1] (ii) work done = force x distance; = 60 x 0.5; 30 J; [2] [Total: 11] 4 (a) (i) fractional distillation/fractionation; [1] (ii) different boiling points/intermolecular attractive forces; [1] (b) (i) (kerosene) + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water; (LHS RHS) [2] (ii) lamp/room/air becomes warm; [1] (allow any reasonable statement which shows that exothermic means heat is given out) (c) nucleus labelled/clearly indicated; electrons arranged 2,4; [2] [Total: 7] 5 (a) decreased; faster at first/more slowly later; [2] (b) burning fuels; at power stations; [2] (c) reduce vehicle journeys; (allow any reasonable action which could be taken by the industry itself without compromising profitability/production levels) [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 02 © UCLES 2008 (d) ref to greenhouse gas/greenhouse effect; global warming; ref to a possible effect of global warming, e.g. flooding; [max 2] (e) high species diversity; if we lose rainforests many species lose their habitats; species may become extinct; need to preserve possible future sources of beneficial natural products; [max 2] [Total: 9] 6 (a) (i) electromagnetic; [1] (ii) reflection; [1] (b) (i) correct connections; correct symbols: [2] (ii) current/electrical energy can still pass through other lamps/owtte; [1] (reject because it is a parallel circuit) (c) 22 cm; any appropriate working; [2] (allow error carried forward) [Total: 7]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 02 © UCLES 2008 7 (a) a green pigment found in some plant cells, which absorbs energy from sunlight definition a partially permeable layer surrounding a cell a fully permeable layer surrounding a plant cell an organelle found in some plant cells, where photosynthesis takes place cell membrane term chlorophyll cell wall chloroplast all correct 3 marks two or three correct 2 marks one correct 1 mark [3] (b) carbon dioxide combined with water; using (energy from) light; producing, glucose/sugar, and oxygen; starch produced from glucose; many glucoses linked together/polymer of glucose; [max 2] (c) (i) asexual; [1] (ii) identical; (reject similar) genetically identical/same number and type of chromosomes; [2] [Total: 8]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 02 © UCLES 2008 8 (a) stopped by paper contains negatively charged particles passes through several centimetres of lead passes through paper but stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium has no mass alpha beta gamma 5 correct for maximum of 3 marks 3 or 4 correct for 2 marks 1 or 2 correct for 1 mark [3] (b) (i) ionising/destroys cells; [1] (ii) use; e.g. measuring thickness/looking for leaks in pipework/ smoke detectors/carbon dating/cancer treatment (reject power generation/making bombs) [1] (c) (i) radiation from natural sources/owtte; [1] (ii) cosmic radiation/rocks/other reasonable sources [1] (iii) 1160 cpm; [1] [Total: 8] 9 (a) (i) copper oxide + hydrogen → copper + water; [1] (allow formulae if correct in all details) (ii) reference to: colour change to brown/orange/electrical conductivity of product; [1] (b) (i) copper sulphate; [1] (ii) copper does not react/dissolve/copper does not pass through filter; soluble copper compound do pass through filter/owtte; [max 2]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2008 0653 02 © UCLES 2008 (c) (i) ionic; [1] (ii) reference to attractive force between opposite charges; correct detail e.g. copper (ions) positive and oxide (ions) negative; [2] (d) at positive – bubbles of gas/chlorine produced; (reject references to chloride) at negative – orange/pink layer/copper produced; [2] [Total: 10]