Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2006 May/June Paper 3 · Variant 1

Centre Number Candidate Number Name UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/03 Paper 3 Extended May/June 2006 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total This document consists of 21 printed pages and 3 blank pages. IB06 06_0653_03/3RP  UCLES 2006 [Turn over www.XtremePapers.com

2  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Each box below contains a description of a solid, a liquid or a gas. Join each box to the correct diagram. liquid solid gas It takes up the shape of its container and has a constant volume. It expands the most when heated. The particles are only very weakly attracted to each other. The particles have very strong forces of attraction between them. [3]

3  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Fig. 1.1 shows a cylinder containing carbon dioxide held in by a piston. carbon dioxide gas piston Fig. 1.1 The volume in the cylinder is reduced by pushing in the piston. Explain, in terms of particles, how this affects the pressure on the walls of the cylinder. [3]

4  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 2 Several members of Rohani’s family have an illness called PKU. PKU is caused by a recessive allele, a. The normal allele is A. (a) Explain what is meant by a recessive allele. [2] (b) Rohani has PKU. She has collected information about her parents and grandparents. This is the family tree that she has drawn. Rohani unaffected female female with PKU unaffected male male with PKU key (i) What is Rohani’s genotype? [1] (ii) Rohani’s parents have the same genotype as each other. Draw a genetic diagram to show how Rohani inherited PKU from her parents. [3]

5  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) The bodies of people with PKU cannot use amino acids properly. If they have too much of a particular amino acid in their blood, it can cause brain damage. Rohani has to eat a special diet to make sure this does not happen. Suggest which kinds of foods Rohani must be especially careful about. Explain your answer. [2]

6  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 3 (a) Table 3.1 shows some information about the elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Use the Periodic Table on page 24 to help you with this question. Complete the table. Table 3.1 symbol solid, liquid or gas at 25 °C Cl Br I [1] (b) Chlorine exists as diatomic molecules, Cl2. Chlorine molecules react with methane, CH4, to form a compound having the formula CCl4. (i) Complete the bonding diagram below to show • the chemical symbols of the elements in a molecule of methane, • the arrangement of the outer electrons of each atom. [2] (ii) The symbolic equation below showing the reaction between chlorine and methane is not balanced. Balance the equation. Cl2 + CH4 → CCl4 + HCl [1]

7  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) Fluorine and bromine also react with methane. Suggest which of the three elements, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, reacts with methane most vigorously. Explain your answer. element explanation [1] (c) The chemical symbols below represent isotopes of chlorine. C35 17 C37 17 (i) Describe how the nuclei of these isotopes differ from one another. [2] (ii) Calculate the relative molecular mass of the compound CCl4. Show your working. [2]

8  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) Sodium -21 and sodium -24 are two radioactive isotopes that decay with half-lives of 23 seconds and 15 hours respectively. Sodium -24 can be used to detect leaks in water pipes. Sodium chloride containing sodium -24 is placed in the pipe and a radiation detector is used to check for radiation coming from water leaking out of the pipe. (i) Explain the meaning of the term radioactive decay. [2] (ii) Explain why sodium -24 is more suitable than sodium -21 as a radioactive isotope for detecting leaks in water pipes. [1] (iii) A sample of sodium -24 of mass 1.6 g was stored for a few days. Calculate the mass of sodium -24 that will remain after 45 hours. Show your working. [2]

9  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) Some radioactive isotopes are used to generate electricity in nuclear power stations. (i) The voltage of the electricity generated is increased by using transformers, for transmission through power lines to the users. Explain why this is done. [2] (ii) The electrical supply to a house is at a voltage of 220 V. An electric kettle is plugged into the supply. The current flowing through the heating element of the kettle is 10 A. Calculate the resistance of the heating element. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working [2]

10  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 5 (a) The list below contains descriptions of some different parts of cells. A contains genes made of DNA B controls what enters and leaves the cell C is fully permeable Write the letter or letters of the descriptions that fit each of these parts of cells. Each part may have one letter, two letters or no letters at all. nucleus cell wall chloroplast cell surface membrane [2] (b) Fig. 5.1 shows an experiment to investigate osmosis. capillary tube water starch solution partially permeable membrane Fig. 5.1 After five minutes, the level of the liquid inside the capillary tube had risen. (i) Explain why the liquid rose up the tube. [3]

11  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) At the end of the experiment, the liquid outside the membrane was tested for starch. Describe how this test would be carried out and the colour you would expect to see. how the test is carried out colour expected [2] (c) Plants take up water from the soil into their roots by osmosis. The water is then carried up to the leaves in the xylem vessels. Describe the pathway that the water takes as it travels from the soil into the xylem vessels in the root. [2]

12  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 6 Petroleum (crude oil) provides many important products including fuels and polymers. OIL petroleum (crude oil) oil refinery gaseous fuels liquid fuels polymers (a) Butane is a gaseous fuel obtained from petroleum. Name two products that are formed when butane burns in the air. [1] (b) Table 6.1 shows the total number of atoms which are combined in molecules of four compounds A, B, C and D. Table 6.1 compound A B C D number of atoms in one molecule 60 000 5 26 2 (i) Suggest and explain briefly which one of these compounds is methane (natural gas). [1] (ii) Suggest and describe the type of chemical reaction that has occurred to form molecules of compound A. [2]

13  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Cracking is a process which converts large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones, some of which contain double covalent bonds in their molecules. (i) Describe briefly how hydrocarbon molecules are cracked. [2] (ii) A colourless hydrocarbon is shaken with aqueous bromine. After some time the bromine has not changed colour. What does this result suggest about the bonding in the hydrocarbon? Explain your answer. [2]

14  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 7 Fig. 7.1 shows sugar cane growing in Fiji. Fig. 7.1 (a) In Fiji, much of the land is hilly. It often rains very hard. With reference to Fig. 7.1, explain how the fields of sugar cane can help to reduce soil erosion. [2] (b) Sugar cane has flowers that are pollinated by the wind. Suggest one feature you would expect these flowers to have. [1]

15  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Sugar cane produces glucose by photosynthesis. The glucose is changed into other sugars. These sugars can be used to make sweet foods such as cakes and chocolate. A man eats a cake containing glucose. (i) Describe how the glucose is absorbed into his blood. [2] (ii) Explain how his blood sugar level will be prevented from rising too high after he has eaten the cake. [3] (iii) The process that controls the level of blood sugar is an example of negative feedback. Explain the meaning of the term negative feedback. [2]

16  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 8 The element iron is extracted from iron ore, which is a rock found in the Earth’s crust. (a) The main iron compound in iron ore is iron oxide. When iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide, iron is produced. The word equation for this reaction is shown below. iron oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide (i) State one difference between an element such as iron and a compound such as iron oxide. [1] (ii) The formula of iron oxide is Fe2O3 and the formula of oxide ions is O2-. Deduce the formula of the iron ions in iron oxide. Explain your working. [2] (b) Fig. 8.1 shows a diagram of a car. galvanised underside of car car body made from mild steel Fig. 8.1 Explain how galvanising prevents the steel on the underside of the car from rusting. [2]

17  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Fig. 8.2 shows a test-tube containing dilute sulphuric acid reacting with pieces of zinc. The zinc was in excess and eventually all of the acid had reacted. sulphuric acid zinc Fig. 8.2 (i) State the formula and charge of an ion which is present in all acidic solutions. [1] (ii) State one observation which would show that all of the acid had reacted. [1] (iii) Predict and explain what would be observed if a piece of magnesium is added to the solution remaining in the test-tube. [3]

18  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 9 (a) An athlete takes part in a race. His performance is shown on the speed-time graph in Fig. 9.1. 0 5 10 15 20 25 10 5 0 time / s speed m / s A D B C Fig. 9.1 Use the graph to describe the motion of the athlete between (i) A and B, (ii) B and C. [2] (b) Calculate the distance travelled between 0 seconds and 20 seconds. Show your working. [2] (c) During part of the race, the athlete is travelling at a constant speed. What can be said about the forward and backward forces acting on the athlete at this time? [1]

19  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) The mass of the athlete is 60 kg. (i) His initial forward acceleration is 2 m/s2. Calculate the force required to give this acceleration. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working [2] (ii) The athlete does 3000 J of work in 5 seconds. Calculate the power developed by the athlete. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working [2]

20  UCLES 2006 0653/03/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use (e) Fig. 9.2 shows three designs for a trophy, P, Q and R. The position of the centre of mass of each trophy is marked with an X. X X X P Q R Fig. 9.2 State and explain which trophy would be the most stable. You may draw diagrams if it helps your answer. [2]

23 Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 7 © John Mead/Science Photo Library. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 0653/03/M/J/06 BLANK PAGE

24 0653/03/M/J/06 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2006 question paper 0653 COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/03 Paper 3, maximum raw mark 80 These mark schemes are published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. They show the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. They do not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. The minimum marks in these components needed for various grades were previously published with these mark schemes, but are now instead included in the Report on the Examination for this session. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2006 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 1 (a) [3] (b) particles moving randomly; particles collide with the walls of container; collide more often; so greater force exerted on walls of container; increase in pressure; [3] [Total: 6] takes up the shape of its container and has a constant volume expands the most when heated particles are only very weakly attracted to each other particles have very strong forces of attraction between them gas liquid solid

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 2 (a) variety of a gene ; that only has an effect when dominant one not present ; [2] (b) (i) aa ; [1] (ii) parents are Aa and Aa ; gametes from each parent are A and a ; offspring are AA, Aa (twice) and aa ; [3] (c) (foods containing) proteins ; meat / fish / cheese / other e.g. of high protein food ; proteins are made up of amino acids ; [2 max] [Total: 8]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 3 (a) (Cl) gas (Br) liquid (I) solid; [1] (b) (i) four shared pairs; symbols correctly shown for each atom; [2] (ii) 4Cl2 + CH4 → CCl4 + 4HCl; [1] (iii) (fluorine) reactivity decreases down Group 7 / owtte; [1] (c) (i) (nucleus of) Cl – 37 contains more neutrons than Cl – 35; 2 more; [2] (ii) (12 x 1) + (4 x 35.5); = 154; [2] [Total: 9]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 4 (a) (i) reference to emission; reference to products; [2] (ii) relatively short half life but not too short; [1] (iii) 3 half lives; so 0.2 g; [2] (b) (i) high voltage means low current; this reduces energy losses; [2] (ii) resistance = voltage/current; = 22 ohms [2] [Total: 9]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 5 (a) nucleus A cell wall C chloroplast none (allow A) cell surface membrane B all correct two marks three correct one mark one or two correct no marks [2] (b) (i) ref to water molecules ; water passes from beaker through ppm ; because more water outside than inside / correct ref to gradient ; starch (molecules) cannot pass through the membrane ; [3 max] (ii) add iodine (solution) ; orange / brown / yellow ; [2] (c) into root hair ; across cells in root ; [2] [Total: 9]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 6 (a) carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide / carbon / soot / water; (any two) [1] (b) (i) (B is methane) methane molecules have five atoms (bonded) / is CH4; [1] (ii) (addition) polymerisation; many small molecules / monomers join to form a long chain; [2] (c) (i) heated / vaporised / boiled; passed over catalyst; [2] (ii) suggests that only single bonds between carbon atoms / saturated; if double bonds present bromine would have been decolourised; [2] [Total: 8]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 7 (a) leaves / plants, stop rain hitting the ground (hard) ; roots hold soil in place ; terracing stops water running down slopes ; [2 max] (b) colourless / green / small / no petals / dangling anthers / dangling stigmas ; [1] (c) (i) by diffusion ; through wall of small intestine ; ref. to villi ; [2 max] (ii) pancreas ; secretes insulin ; causes, cells / liver, to take glucose from the blood ; [3] (iii) as level moves away from norm ; process initiated to bring it back ; take these points from a specific description [2] [Total: 10]

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 8 (a) (i) element made of only one type of atom and compound contains different atoms bonded together; element cannot be simplified and a compound can be broken into its elements / is made from different elements; [1 max] (ii) Fe3+; working refers to charge balance; (reject vague criss cross answers) [2] (b) a layer of zinc covers the steel / provides a barrier; prevents reaction between steel and oxygen and water; [2] (allow correct references to sacrificial protection) (c) (i) H+; [1] (ii) no more gas evolved; [1] (iii) grey crystals appear / magnesium reacts and dissolves; a metal displacement reaction occurs / or equation; because magnesium more reactive than zinc; [3] [Total: 10]

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 03 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 9 (a) (i) acceleration; [1] (ii) constant speed; [1] (b) area under curve = ; (or other suitable) 150 + 25 = 175 m; [2] (c) equal and opposite/ balanced [1] (d) (i) force = mass x acceleration; = 120 N; [2] (ii) power = work/time; = 600 W; [2] (e) Q – no mark lowest CoG; base wider than P; [2] [Total: 11]