Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2006 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

Centre Number Candidate Number Name UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/02 Paper 2 Core May/June 2006 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages. IB06 06_0653_02/2RP  UCLES 2006 [Turn over www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 1 (a) Each box below contains a description of a solid, a liquid or a gas. Join each box to the correct diagram. One has been done for you. liquid solid gas It takes up the shape of its container and has a constant volume. The particles form a regular arrangement. The particles are widely spaced out. The particles are kept in place and only vibrate. [2]

3 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) A student sets up the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1. He wants to use this apparatus to detect thermal radiation. glass tube water flask coated with black paint rubber bung Fig. 1.1 (i) Describe what the student would observe when the flask coated with black paint is exposed to a source of thermal radiation. [1] (ii) Explain the observation in (i) in terms of water particles. [3] (iii) Suggest why the flask is coated with black paint. [1]

4 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 2 Fig. 2.1 shows a fetus developing in the uterus. X Y Z Fig. 2.1 (a) Name the parts labelled X, Y and Z. X Y Z [3] (b) Describe how the fetus obtains oxygen. [3] (c) Anna is planning to start a family. She smokes 6 cigarettes a day. Explain why Anna should give up smoking before she becomes pregnant. [2]

5 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use 3 (a) Table 3.1 shows some information about the elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Use the Periodic Table on page 20 to help you with this question. (i) Complete the table. Table 3.1 Period in which the element is found symbol physical state at 25 °C Cl Br I [2] (ii) Fluorine is the Group VII element in Period 2. Suggest the physical state of fluorine at 25 °C. [1] (b) Bromine exists as diatomic molecules, Br2. Bromine molecules react with magnesium atoms to form magnesium bromide. (i) State the type of chemical bonding in bromine molecules. [1] (ii) The formula of magnesium bromide is MgBr2. Explain what is meant by this formula. [1] (c) (i) State one element which is often added to water intended for drinking. [1] (ii) Suggest and explain what might happen if the element you have named in (i) was not added to water intended for drinking. [2]

6 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 4 (a) A radioactive tracer can be used to detect leaks in water pipes. The tracer is placed in the water flowing through the pipe and a radiation detector is used to check for radiation coming from water leaking out of the pipe. (i) Suggest a suitable instrument for detecting the radiation. [1] (ii) State two precautions which should be taken when handling and storing the radioactive tracer. 1. 2. [2] (b) Beta-radiation is one form of ionising radiation. (i) Explain why beta-radiation is said to be ionising. [2] (ii) Explain why ionising radiation can be harmful to humans. [2]

7 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) The flow chart shows how electricity is produced in a nuclear power station. Complete the flow chart by filling in the missing words. During nuclear fission … energy is released. This energy is used to change water into … . This causes a … to turn which then turns a generator. [3] (d) (i) The voltage of the electricity generated is increased using transformers for transmission through power lines to the users. Explain why this is done. [2] (ii) The electrical supply to a house is at a voltage of 220 V. An electric kettle is plugged into the supply. The current flowing through the heating element of the kettle is 10 A. Calculate the resistance of the heating element. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working ohms [2]

8 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 5 (a) The list below contains descriptions of some different parts of cells. A contains genes made of DNA B controls what enters and leaves the cell C is fully permeable Write the letter or letters of the descriptions that fit each of these parts of cells. Each part may have one letter, two letters or no letters at all. nucleus cell wall chloroplast cell surface membrane [3] (b) Fig. 5.1 shows a cell from a plant root. Fig. 5.1 This cell takes up water from the soil. The water is than carried up to the leaves in the xylem vessels. (i) Name the type of cell in Fig. 5.1. [1] (ii) Explain how this cell is adapted for its function. [1]

9 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (iii) In the leaves, a small amount of the water is used for photosynthesis. Write the word equation for photosynthesis. [2] (iv) What happens to most of the water after it has travelled into the leaves? [1]

10 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 6 Petroleum (crude oil) provides many important products including fuels and polymers. OIL petroleum (crude oil) oil refinery gaseous fuels liquid fuels polymers (a) Name the two main elements which are always found combined together in fuels obtained from petroleum. [2] (b) Butane is a gaseous fuel obtained from petroleum. (i) State one form of energy that is transferred to the surroundings when butane is oxidised. [1] (ii) Name one product that is formed when butane is completely oxidised. [1] (c) Table 6.1 shows the total number of atoms which are combined in molecules of three compounds A, B and C. Table 6.1 compound A B C number of atoms in one molecule 60 000 11 26 Suggest and explain which one of these compounds is a polymer. [2]

11 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) Compounds containing the element sulphur are usually removed from fuels obtained from petroleum. The sulphur is collected and used to make sulphuric acid. (i) State the number of sulphur atoms in one molecule of sulphuric acid. [1] (ii) Explain why the removal of sulphur compounds from fuel reduces environmental damage. [3]

12 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 7 Fig. 7.1 shows sugar cane growing in Fiji. Fig. 7.1 (a) In Fiji, much of the land is hilly. It often rains very hard. With reference to Fig. 7.1, explain how the fields of sugar cane can help to reduce soil erosion. [2] (b) Would a field of sugar cane have a low species diversity or a high species diversity? Explain your answer. [2]

13 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (c) Sugar cane is used to produce sugar, which can be used in cooking. A man eats a cake containing sugar. (i) Describe how the sugar is absorbed into his blood. [2] (ii) Explain how his blood sugar level will be prevented from rising too high after he has eaten the cake. [3] (iii) Explain why he would feel tired and ill if his blood sugar level dropped very low. [2]

14 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 8 The element iron is extracted from iron ore, which is a rock found in the Earth’s crust. (a) The main iron compound in iron ore is iron oxide. When iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide, iron is produced. The word equation for this reaction is shown below. iron oxide + carbon monoxide iron + carbon dioxide (i) State one difference between an element such as iron and a compound such as iron oxide. [1] (ii) The reaction shown in (a) is an example of oxidation and reduction. State and explain briefly which substance has been reduced in this reaction. [2] (b) Fig. 8.1 shows a diagram of a car. galvanised underside of car car body made from mild steel Fig. 8.1 Mild steel is an alloy containing a large amount of iron. (i) Name an element, other than iron, which is present in mild steel. [1]

15 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (ii) The steel on the underside of the car is galvanised by coating it with a layer of zinc. This protects the steel from rusting. Suggest how this prevents the steel from rusting. [3] (c) Fig. 8.2 shows a test-tube containing a small piece of galvanised steel reacting in sulphuric acid. sulphuric acid galvanised steel Fig. 8.2 Suggest the names of two salts which will remain in the solution in the test-tube when all of the galvanised steel has reacted. 1. 2. [2]

16 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 For Examiner's Use 9 (a) An athlete takes part in a race. His performance is shown on the speed–time graph in Fig. 9.1. 0 5 10 15 20 25 10 5 0 time / s speed m / s A D B C Fig. 9.1 Use the graph to describe the motion of the athlete between (i) A and B, (ii) B and C, (iii) C and D. [3] (b) Calculate the distance travelled between 5 seconds and 20 seconds. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working m [2]

19 Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 7 © John Mead/Science Photo Library. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 0653/02/M/J/06 BLANK PAGE

20 © UCLES 2006 0653/02/M/J/06 Group 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2006 question paper 0653 COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/02 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 80 These mark schemes are published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. They show the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. The minimum marks in these components needed for various grades were previously published with these mark schemes, but are now instead included in the Report on the Examination for this session. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2006 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 1 (a) all three correct [2] 1 or 2 correct; [1] (b) (i) water in glass tube rises; [1] (ii) particles move faster when heated; particles move further apart; liquid expands; [3] (iii) good absorber of radiation; [1] [Total: 7] takes up the shape of its container and has a constant volume particles form a regular arrangement particles are widely spaced out particles are kept in place and only vibrate gas liquid solid

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 2 (a) X amnion ; Y uterus ; Z cervix ; [3] (b) from mother ; from (mother's) blood ; through placenta ; by diffusion ; [3 max] (c) smoking during pregnancy may result in low birthweight ; because baby gets less oxygen ; chemicals from smoke pass through placenta ; correct ref to nicotine / carbon monoxide ; [2 max] [Total: 8]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 3 (a) (i) 3 (Cl) gas 4 (Br) liquid 5 (I) solid ;; (1 for numbers and 1 for states) [2] (ii) gas; [1] (b) (i) covalent; [1] (ii) two bromine atoms/ions for every one magnesium atom/ion (owtte); [1] (c) (i) chlorine / oxygen / ozone; [1] (ii) people drinking the water may become ill / be poisoned / harmed; because the water may contain harmful microorganisms; chlorine sterilises the water / kills harmful microorganisms; [2 max] [Total: 8]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 4 (a) (i) Geiger muller tube/Geiger counter etc; [1] (ii) concrete or lead shielding/radiation badges/minimal exposure times [max 2] (b) (i) atoms/molecules are ionised; what it does to materials [2] (ii) causes cancer; damage to cells; [2] (c) heat; steam; turbine; [3] (d) (i) high voltage means low current; this reduces energy losses; [2] (ii) resisitance = voltage/current; = 10 220 = 22 ohms [2] [Total: 14]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 5 (a) nucleus A cell wall C chloroplast none (allow A) cell surface membrane B all correct three marks three correct two marks two correct one mark [3] (b) (i) root hair ; [1] (ii) large surface area ; [1] (iii) carbon dioxide + water → sugar / glucose / starch + oxygen ;; [2] (iv) lost, as water vapour / through stomata / by transpiration ; [1] [Total: 8]

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 6 (a) carbon; hydrogen; [2] (b) (i) heat / light; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide / water; [1] (c) A is polymer; polymers are very large molecules / have very large numbers of atoms bonded / owtte; [2] (d) (i) 1; [1] (ii) reference to (avoidance of ) formation of sulphur dioxide; reference to reduced effects e.g. less acid rain; reference to reduced impact on health issues; [3] [Total: 10]

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 7 (a) leaves / plants, stop rain hitting the ground (hard) ; roots hold soil in place ; terracing stops water running down slopes ; [2 max] (b) (low) idea that species diversity is the number of species present ; if all sugar cane then only one kind of plant ; only one kind of habitat ; so few different species of animals ; [2 max] (c) (i) by diffusion ; through wall of alimentary canal ; in small intestine ; ref. to villi ; [2 max] (ii) pancreas ; secretes insulin ; causes, cells / liver, to take glucose from the blood ; [3 max] (iii) needs sugar for respiration ; to provide energy ; [2] [Total: 11]

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 8 (a) (i) element made of only one type of atom and compound contains different atoms bonded together; element cannot be simplified and a compound can be broken into its elements / is made from different elements; [1 max] (ii) iron oxide reduced; any correct reference to reductive processes e.g. oxygen removed / positive ions gaining electrons; [2] (b) (i) carbon / manganese / other correct; [1] (ii) (zinc applied as) a barrier (between steel and environment) / owtte; prevents reaction between steel / iron and oxygen (in environment); prevents reaction between steel / iron and water (in environment); [3] (allow correct reference and detail of sacrificial protection) (c) iron sulphate; zinc sulphate; [2] [Total: 9]

Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2006 0653 02 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 9 (a) (i) acceleration; [1] (ii) constant speed; [1] (iii) stopping / deceleration; [1] (b) distance = speed x time; = 10 x 15 = 150 (m) [2] [Total: 5]