Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2004 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages. SP (SLM/GR) S69257/5 © UCLES 2004 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/02 Paper 2 October/November 2004 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20. Centre Number Candidate Number Name For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. www.XtremePapers.com

2 0653/02/O/N/04 1 (a) Blood contains red cells, white cells and platelets. (i) Describe how you can recognise red blood cells, apart from their colour, if you are looking at a blood sample using a microscope. … …[1] (ii) What is the function of platelets? …[1] (b) Fig. 1.1 is an outline of the human double circulatory system. Fig. 1.1 (i) On the diagram, write the letter O where the blood becomes oxygenated; write the letter A on a vein which carries deoxygenated blood. [2] (ii) The oxygenated blood goes back to the heart before it travels to the other parts of the body. Suggest why this is an advantage to the body. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

3 0653/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (iii) People who smoke cigarettes take carbon monoxide into their lungs. The carbon monoxide diffuses into their blood and combines with haemoglobin inside the red blood cells. Explain why this can be harmful to a person’s health. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

4 0653/02/O/N/04 2 Petroleum (crude oil) is processed to make a very large number of important products. Table 2.1 shows information about some of the fractions obtained from petroleum during the process of fractional distillation. Table 2.1 (a) One of the compounds in petroleum gas is methane. The displayed formula of methane is shown below. (i) State the number of chemical bonds shown in the formula of methane. …[1] (ii) Which type of chemical bonding is found in methane? …[1] (iii) Using methane as an example, describe one difference between an atom and a molecule. … … …[1] C H H H H For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004 fraction boiling range /°C number of carbon atoms per molecule petroleum gas less than 20 1 to 4 gasoline 70 to 120 5 to 10 kerosene 120 to 170 10 to 16

5 0653/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (b) The formula of another compound found in petroleum is shown in Fig. 2.1. Fig. 2.1 (i) Name the fraction in Table 2.1 in which this molecule is most likely to be found. …[1] (ii) Suggest one important use of the compound made of molecules like the one shown in Fig. 2.1. …[1] (c) Some of the compounds in petroleum are processed into different compounds which can then be converted into polymers. Polymers are used to make articles such as plastic bottles for drinks. (i) What name is given to small molecules which react to produce polymers? …[1] (ii) Suggest one advantage of using plastic rather than glass bottles for holding drinks. … …[1] (iii) One method of disposing of unwanted plastic bottles is to burn them. A scientist studied the gases produced when a plastic bottle underwent complete combustion. She found that the only products of combustion were carbon dioxide and water. Suggest which two elements were combined in the polymer molecules in the plastic bottles. Explain your answer. elements … explanation … … …[3] C H H H H C H H C C H H C H H H H H H C C H H C H H For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

6 0653/02/O/N/04 3 (a) A solid is made up of particles. In Fig. 3.1 one particle has been drawn. Draw eleven more particles to show the arrangement of particles in a solid. Fig. 3.1 [2] (b) Fig. 3.2 shows a block of solid copper. Fig. 3.2 The block has a mass of 212 g. Calculate the density of the block using this formula. density = Show your working and state the units of your answer. …[3] mass volume 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

7 0653/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (c) The block has a weight of 2.12 N and it is raised vertically by 3 m. Calculate the work done when raising this block. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula used working …J [2] (d) After the block is raised, it has gained energy. Which form of energy is gained? …[1] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

8 0653/02/O/N/04 4 Fig. 4.1 shows an insect-pollinated flower. Fig. 4.1 (a) Give the letter of the part of the flower which attracts insects to the flower; … contains the female gametes. … [2] (b) Describe how this flower could be pollinated. … … … …[3] A B C E D For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

9 0653/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (c) Apple trees are grown for their fruit. They have insect-pollinated flowers. Farmers often place hives of honey bees near the trees when the trees are flowering. Table 4.1 shows the yield of apples from a tree where a hive was placed nearby, and also from a similar tree where this was not done. Table 4.1 Suggest an explanation for these results. … … … …[3] (d) Describe how you could test an apple for the presence of reducing sugars. … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004 tree fruit yield / kg hive placed nearby 23 no hive placed nearby 3

10 0653/02/O/N/04 5 The full chemical symbol for the element magnesium is shown below. Mg (a) (i) Draw a diagram of one atom of magnesium showing how all of the electrons are arranged. [2] (ii) Using the Periodic Table on page 20, name the element whose atoms have two fewer protons than a magnesium atom. …[1] (iii) Is the element you have named in (ii) reactive or unreactive? Explain your answer. … …[1] 24 12 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

11 0653/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (b) The list below shows some metals arranged in order of their reactivity. The element carbon has also been included. sodium (most reactive) calcium magnesium aluminium carbon lead copper (least reactive) A student investigates redox reactions between carbon and the oxides of some of the metals in the list. The experiments he carries out are shown in Fig. 5.1. Fig. 5.1 State two mixtures shown in Fig. 5.1 in which the metal oxide will be reduced. …[1] (c) The metal oxides in (b) are ionic compounds. (i) Describe, in terms of electrons, the difference between a sodium atom and a sodium ion. …[1] (ii) Explain why the sodium ions and the oxide ions in sodium oxide bond together. … … …[2] (iii) Write a word equation for the reaction in which sodium oxide is formed from sodium. …[1] strong heat carbon + aluminium oxide strong heat carbon + lead oxide strong heat carbon + copper oxide strong heat carbon + magnesium oxide For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

12 0653/02/O/N/04 6 (a) A Geiger counter is used to investigate a radioactive source. The Geiger counter is clamped in position and the count rate measured. Fig. 6.1 The radioactive source is clamped facing the Geiger counter as shown in Fig. 6.1, and the count rate is measured again. The count rate is measured twice more, once with a sheet of paper placed between X and Y and then with a 4 mm thick sheet of aluminium placed between X and Y. The results are shown in Table 6.1. Table 6.1 (i) Explain why the Geiger counter gave a reading when no source was present. … …[1] (ii) Calculate the count rate due to the source. … …counts per minute [1] X Y Geiger counter radioactive source For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004 experiment counts per minute 1 with no source present 12 2 with source only as shown in Fig. 6.1 196 3 with source and sheet of paper placed between X and Y 72 4 with source and a 4 mm thick sheet of aluminium placed between X and Y 72

13 0653/02/O/N/04 [Turn over (iii) The count rate calculated in (ii) is not the total radioactivity emitted by the source. Explain this statement. … …[1] (iv) In experiment 3, some of the radiation emitted by the source was stopped by the sheet of paper. Suggest the type of radiation that was stopped. …[1] (v) Name the other type of radiation that is emitted by the source. Explain your answer. … …[2] (vi) State one precaution needed when handling radioactive materials. …[1] (b) An atom of radon–220 decays by emitting an alpha particle. (i) What is an alpha particle? …[1] (ii) State two properties of an alpha particle. 1 … 2 …[2] (c) Energy can be released from atoms during both nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Describe what happens to the nuclei of atoms during (i) nuclear fission, …[1] (ii) nuclear fusion. … …[1] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

14 0653/02/O/N/04 7 Fig trees grow in tropical rainforests. Fig trees provide food for monkeys and birds such as toucans. These animals may be eaten by eagles. (a) (i) Construct a food web showing the feeding relationships between these four organisms. [2] (ii) What term is used to describe all the organisms in this food web, other than the fig trees? …[1] (b) Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of the fig trees. carbon dioxide + water →glucose + oxygen Explain how photosynthesis transfers energy from sunlight into chemical energy. … … …[2] (c) Describe the role of decomposers in an ecosystem such as a tropical rainforest. … … …[2] (d) Tropical rainforests in many parts of the world are being destroyed by logging. Give two reasons why the conservation of tropical rainforests is important. … … … …[2] For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

15 0653/02/O/N/04 [Turn over 8 (a) A student used the apparatus shown in Fig. 8.1 to study the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and copper carbonate. Fig. 8.1 (i) State and explain what is observed in the test-tube containing limewater. … … …[2] (ii) Name the salt produced when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with copper carbonate. …[1] (b) The equation below shows what happens when copper carbonate is heated. CuCO3 →CuO + CO2 Kai-Yee describes this reaction as combustion but her friend Aysha says this is incorrect and that the reaction is an example of thermal decomposition. Explain which student is correct. … … …[2] (c) Many carbonates, such as calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate, are white solids. Suggest whether or not copper carbonate is also likely to be a white solid. Explain your answer briefly. … …[2] dilute hydrochloric acid copper carbonate limewater For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

16 0653/02/O/N/04 9 (a) An experiment is carried out to find out which of two teapots emits more infra-red radiation. Teapot X is black and dull. Teapot Y is silvery and shiny. The two teapots are otherwise identical. Fig. 9.1 shows teapot Y. Fig. 9.1 Both teapots are filled with the same amount of boiling water. (i) State two ways, other than by emitting infra-red radiation, by which energy is lost from both teapots. 1 … 2 …[2] (ii) The water in teapot Y cools more slowly than the water in teapot X. Explain why this happens. … …[1] (iii) A cover made of wool or other material is often placed over a teapot to help to keep the contents hot for longer. Explain one way by which the cover slows down the rate of cooling of a pot of hot water. … … …[2] (b) Infra-red radiation and visible light are two regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Name one other region of the electromagnetic spectrum and state a use for it. region … use …[2] teapot Y For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2004

19 0653/02/O/N/04 BLANK PAGE Every reasonable effort has been made to trace all copyright holders where the publishers (i.e. UCLES) are aware that third-party material has been reproduced. The publishers would be pleased to hear from anyone whose rights they have unwittingly infringed. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

20 0653/02/O/N/04 Group DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 † 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series †90-103 Actinoid series © UCLES 2004

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the NOVEMBER 2004 question paper 0653 COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/02 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the Examination. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the Examination. • CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the November 2004 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE Advanced Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Grade thresholds taken for Syllabus 0653 (Combined Science) in the November 2004 examination. minimum mark required for grade: maximum mark available A C E F Component 2 80 N/A 42 24 16 The threshold (minimum mark) for B is set halfway between those for Grades A and C. The threshold (minimum mark) for D is set halfway between those for Grades C and E. The threshold (minimum mark) for G is set as many marks below the F threshold as the E threshold is above it. Grade A* does not exist at the level of an individual component.

November 2004 INTERNATIONAL GCSE MARK SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 80 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 0653/02 COMBINED SCIENCE Paper 2 (Core Theory)

Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0653 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 1 (a) (i) smaller (than white cells)/no nucleus/bi-concave/doughnut shaped [1] (ii) reference to clotting [1] (b) (i) O on capillaries at top of diagram A on vein from bottom of diagram up to heart [2] (ii) heart pumps blood so it travels faster to body cells at higher pressure max [2] (iii) haemoglobin transports oxygen/CO decreases oxygen transport so body cells cannot respire as quickly leads to shortage of energy max [2] Total [8] 2 (a) (i) four [1] (ii) covalent [1] (iii) atom cannot be broken down/molecule can be broken down (into atoms)/molecules are made from atoms [1] (b) (i) gasoline [1] (ii) fuel for vehicles/petrol engines [1] (c) (i) monomer(s) [1] (ii) lower mass/density/not brittle/reasonable reference to safety [1] (iii) carbon hydrogen polymer is hydrocarbon because complete combustion gives only CO2 and H2O max [3] Total [10] 3 (a) regular arrangement touching [2] (b) (volume =) 24 (cm3) density = mass ÷ volume = 212 ÷ 24/8.83 g/cm3 [3]

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0653 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 (c) work = force x distance/or sensible symbols =2.12 x 3 = 6.36 (J) [2] (d) (gravitational) potential (energy) [1] Total [8] 4 (a) A D [2] (b) insect attracted to flower by petals/description of petals reference to nectar pollen attaches to insect's body pollen deposited on stigma/part E max [3] (c) fruits only develop after pollination/fertilisation from ovaries the more insects, the more pollination a few insects present even in absence of hives max [3] (d) add Benedict's solution and heat positive result is red/orange colour [2] Total [10] 5 (a) (i) 12 electrons arranged 2, 8, 2 [2] (ii) neon [1] (iii) (unreactive) it is a noble gas/(atoms have) full outer shell [1] (b) carbon plus copper oxide and lead oxide [1] (c) (i) sodium ion has one less electron than sodium atom/in the ion protons not equal to electrons but are equal in the atom [1] (ii) sodium ion is positive and oxide ion is negative opposite charges attract [2] (iii) sodium + oxygen
sodium oxide [1] Total [9]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0653 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 6 (a) (i) background radiation [1] (ii) 184 [1] (iii) not all radiation directed towards counter/some absorbed by air [1] (iv) alpha [1] (v) gamma it is not stopped by aluminium [2] (vi) lead shielding use of radiation badges use of tongs use of gloves max [1] (b) (i) helium nucleus/description [1] (ii) deflected by magnetic deflected by electric field stopped by paper positively charged ionising max [2] (c) (i) (nucleus) splits/divides [1] (ii) (nuclei) join together [1] (allow 1 mark if all correct but atoms instead of nuclei) Total [12] 7 (a) (i) web shows all four organisms in correct relationship arrows in correct direction [2] (ii) consumers [1] (b) (light captured by) chlorophyll/chloroplasts (light used to) combine CO2 and H2O energy contained in glucose/carbohydrate max [2] (c) break down dead organisms/faeces release nutrients from this process nutrients recycled max [2] (d) reference to high species diversity reference to maintaining habitats need to maintain oxygen production danger of increased global warming/need to use CO2 need to avoid soil erosion/flooding max [2] Total [9]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – NOVEMBER 2004 0653 2 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005 8 (a) (i) cloudy carbon dioxide is produced [2] (ii) copper chloride [1] (b) (Aysha correct) combustion requires oxygen (and none shown) a complex substance is converted into simpler ones by the action of heat max [2] (c) (unlikely to be white/will be some other colour) copper is a transition metal which have compounds which are usually coloured (allow 1 mark for copper carbonate is green) [2] Total [7] 9 (a) (i) conduction convection [2] (ii) the shiny/silvery surface will be a poorer emitter of IR than dull/black [1] (iii) reference to insulation shows the rate/reduces efficiency of conduction/convection detail e.g. trapped air is poor conductor and cannot circulate max [2] (b) correctly named region some details about corresponding use (e.g. X-rays looking at bones in the body) [2] Total [7]