Cambridge IGCSE Science - Combined 0653 — 2004 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages. SPA (SJF3094/D&G) S63767/2 © UCLES 2004 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/02 Paper 2 May/June 2004 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20. Centre Number Candidate Number Name For Examiner’s Use If you have been given a label, look at the details. If any details are incorrect or missing, please fill in your correct details in the space given at the top of this page. Stick your personal label here, if provided. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 www.XtremePapers.com

2 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 1 Fig. 1.1 shows three atoms, P, Q and R. These letters are not chemical symbols. Fig. 1.1 (a) Which atom, P, Q or R, has the full chemical symbol F, … is of an element in Group 2 of the Periodic Table, … gains one electron to form an ion? … [3] (b) A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a test-tube explodes violently with a very loud bang if ignited. A mixture of hydrogen and air in a test-tube explodes with a squeaky ‘pop’ if ignited. (i) Suggest why the mixture of hydrogen and air explodes less violently. … … … [2] (ii) Write a word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. … [1] 19 9 electron 9p 10n Q 18p 22n R 4p 5n P nucleus key For Examiner’s Use

3 © UCLES 2004 0653/02/M/J/04 [Turn over 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows an animal cell. Fig. 2.1 Describe the function of the nucleus. … … … [2] (b) Make a large, labelled diagram of a plant cell that could carry out photosynthesis. [4] (c) In photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy. Using this information, and your own knowledge, explain why wood from trees is said to be a renewable fuel. … … … [2] nucleus cell surface membrane cytoplasm For Examiner’s Use

4 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 3 (a) Fig. 3.1 is a graph to show how much electrical power is generated by a small wind-powered generator, when the wind is blowing. Fig. 3.1 (i) What is the lowest speed needed to generate any electrical power at all? … km/h [1] (ii) What is the lowest speed needed to generate the maximum power? … km/h [1] (b) Complete the sentence to show the energy transfer taking place in the wind-powered generator. … energy is transferred to … energy. [2] power generated / watts 0 5 10 15 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 wind speed / km per h For Examiner’s Use

5 © UCLES 2004 0653/02/M/J/04 [Turn over (c) (i) One disadvantage of wind turbines is the high cost of manufacture and installation. State one other disadvantage of using wind turbines to generate electricity. … [1] (ii) Name one other fossil fuel, apart from coal, that can be burned in a power station. … [1] (iii) Name the chemical element present in all fossil fuels. … [1] For Examiner’s Use

6 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 For Examiner’s Use 4 Some types of bottled water contain a dissolved gas. When the cap is removed, the gas bubbles out of the water. Fig. 4.1 shows this gas being bubbled through solution Y. Fig. 4.1 The solution turns cloudy when it reacts with the gas. (a) Suggest the name of the gas and of solution Y. gas … solution Y … [2] (b) Fig. 4.2 shows some of the particles in the gas. Fig. 4.2 Explain why the gas is a compound and not an element. … … … [2] solution Y

7 © UCLES 2004 0653/02/M/J/04 [Turn over (c) A student spills some dilute sulphuric acid onto the floor. He sprinkles sodium carbonate crystals onto the acid in order to neutralise it. (i) State the chemical formula of sulphuric acid … [1] (ii) Complete the word equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid. [3] (iii) Suggest an observation, other than using an indicator, which would show the student that he had added enough sodium carbonate to neutralise all of the acid. … … [1] (iv) Sodium metal reacts with dilute sulphuric acid. Explain why the student should not attempt to use sodium to neutralise the spilled acid. … … [1] For Examiner’s Use 7 dilute sulphuric acid sodium carbonate + → + +

8 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 5 Babies that are well below the average weight when they are born are said to have a low birthweight. Babies with a low birthweight are more likely than other babies to have health problems when they are older. Fig. 5.1 shows the relationship between having a baby with low birthweight and smoking during pregnancy. Fig. 5.1 (a) (i) What conclusions can you draw from the trend shown in the graph? … … … [2] (ii) Do the results shown in the graph prove that smoking causes an increase in the chance of having a baby with low birthweight? Explain your answer. … … … [2] 0 2 4 6 8 10 none less than 15 15 or more percentage of babies with low birthweight number of cigarettes smoked by a mother per day during pregnancy For Examiner’s Use

9 © UCLES 2004 0653/02/M/J/04 [Turn over (b) It is thought that one reason for the harmful effects of smoking on a developing fetus is that carbon monoxide from the cigarette smoke passes into the blood of the fetus. Describe where and how the carbon monoxide passes from the mother to the fetus. … … … … [3] (c) Explain how smoking could lead to the development of bronchitis in the mother. … … … … [2] For Examiner’s Use

10 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 6 (a) Below is a list of electromagnetic waves. gamma rays infra-red microwaves radiowaves ultra-violet visible light X-rays Name one type of electromagnetic wave that (i) causes ionisation, … [1] (ii) is used to sterilise food and medical equipment, … [1] (iii) is used to photograph bone structure, … [1] (iv) is used to transmit information. … [1] (b) Microwaves are used for detecting aircraft. This is called radar. The speed of all electromagnetic radiation is 300 000 000 m / s. The time between sending out a microwave signal and receiving the signal back from an aircraft is 0.00004 s. (i) Calculate how far away the aircraft is. Show your working and state the formula that you use. formula working … m [3] (ii) The signal received back from the aircraft is much weaker than the signal sent out. Suggest why this is so. … … [2] For Examiner’s Use

11 © UCLES 2004 0653/02/M/J/04 [Turn over (iii) Aircraft flying in war zones sometimes drop strips of aluminium foil to confuse the enemy radar. Explain how this works. … … … [1] (c) A wave is shown in Fig. 6.1. Fig. 6.1 (i) Show clearly on the diagram the wavelength of the wave. Label it W. [1] (ii) Show clearly on the diagram the amplitude of the wave. Label it A. [1] (iii) This wave has a frequency of 10 Hz. Explain what this means. … … [1] For Examiner’s Use

12 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 7 The two main types of element in the Periodic Table are metals and non-metals. (a) State two physical properties of most metals that are different from those of most non- metals. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (b) Fig. 7.1 shows an apparatus being used to investigate the reaction between magnesium and steam. Fig. 7.1 There is an exothermic reaction between the magnesium and the steam and a white solid is produced in the reaction tube. (i) State the meaning of the word exothermic. … [1] (ii) Name gas X and the white solid. gas X … white solid … [2] (c) The white solid from the reaction in Fig. 7.1 contains a metallic element joined to a non-metallic element. Steam contains two non-metallic elements joined together. Name the type of chemical bonding present in the white solid and in steam. type of bonding in the white solid … type of bonding in steam … [2] heat magnesium gas X steam For Examiner’s Use

13 © UCLES 2004 0653/02/M/J/04 [Turn over (d) Aluminium is a widely used metal and the noble (inert) gases are non-metals that have many important uses. (i) State and explain one property of aluminium that makes it a particularly suitable metal for the manufacture of food containers. … … [1] (ii) Name a noble gas and describe briefly one important use of this gas. name ……………………………………… use … … [2] For Examiner’s Use

14 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 8 A baby girl was born with a missing heart valve. Fig. 8.1 shows the structure of her heart. Fig. 8.1 (a) Name the parts labelled A, B and C. A … B … C … [3] (b) When the ventricles of the heart contract, they push on the blood so that it flows into the arteries. Explain why this will not happen properly in the left hand side of the baby’s heart. … … … [2] C valve left ventricle A B For Examiner’s Use

15 © UCLES 2004 0653/02/M/J/04 [Turn over (c) The missing heart valve means that less oxygenated blood is carried to the body tissues. (i) Describe where and how the blood becomes oxygenated. … … … [2] (ii) Explain why a lack of oxygen in the blood makes it difficult to do vigorous exercise. … … … [2] For Examiner’s Use

16 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 9 Explain each of the following statements. (a) Weight is not the same as mass. … … … [2] (b) Electricity is transmitted through power lines at high voltages, rather than at low voltages. … … … [2] (c) Sound waves can travel through water but not through a vacuum. … … … [2] (d) Beta radiation can be used to measure the thickness of sheets of metal. … … … [2] For Examiner’s Use

19 0653/02/M/J/04 BLANK PAGE University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

20 0653/02/M/J/04 © UCLES 2004 Group DATA SHEET The Periodic Table of the Elements 140 Ce Cerium 58 141 Pr Praseodymium 59 144 Nd Neodymium 60 Pm Promethium 61 150 Sm Samarium 62 152 Eu Europium 63 157 Gd Gadolinium 64 159 Tb Terbium 65 162 Dy Dysprosium 66 165 Ho Holmium 67 167 Er Erbium 68 169 Tm Thulium 69 173 Yb Ytterbium 70 175 Lu Lutetium 71 232 Th Thorium 90 Pa Protactinium 91 238 U Uranium 92 Np Neptunium 93 Pu Plutonium 94 Am Americium 95 Cm Curium 96 Bk Berkelium 97 Cf Californium 98 Es Einsteinium 99 Fm Fermium 100 Md Mendelevium 101 No Nobelium 102 Lr Lawrencium 103 1 H Hydrogen 1 7 Li Lithium 3 23 Na Sodium 11 24 Mg Magnesium 12 40 Ca Calcium 20 45 Sc Scandium 21 48 Ti Titanium 22 51 V Vanadium 23 52 Cr Chromium 24 55 Mn Manganese 25 56 Fe Iron 26 59 Co Cobalt 27 59 Ni Nickel 28 64 Cu Copper 29 65 Zn Zinc 30 70 Ga Gallium 31 27 Al Aluminium 13 11 B Boron 5 12 C Carbon 6 14 N Nitrogen 7 16 O Oxygen 8 19 F Fluorine 9 28 Si Silicon 14 31 P Phosphorus 15 32 S Sulphur 16 35.5 Cl Chlorine 17 40 Ar Argon 18 20 Ne Neon 10 4 He Helium 2 73 Ge Germanium 32 75 As Arsenic 33 79 Se Selenium 34 80 Br Bromine 35 84 Kr Krypton 36 39 K Potassium 19 88 Sr Strontium 38 89 Y Yttrium 39 91 Zr Zirconium 40 93 Nb Niobium 41 96 Mo Molybdenum 42 Tc Technetium 43 101 Ru Ruthenium 44 103 Rh Rhodium 45 106 Pd Palladium 46 108 Ag Silver 47 112 Cd Cadmium 48 115 In Indium 49 119 Sn Tin 50 122 Sb Antimony 51 128 Te Tellurium 52 127 I Iodine 53 131 Xe Xenon 54 137 Ba Barium 56 139 La Lanthanum 57 * 178 Hf Hafnium 72 181 Ta Tantalum 73 184 W Tungsten 74 186 Re Rhenium 75 190 Os Osmium 76 192 Ir Iridium 77 195 Pt Platinum 78 197 Au Gold 79 201 Hg Mercury 80 204 Tl Thallium 81 207 Pb Lead 82 209 Bi Bismuth 83 Po Polonium 84 At Astatine 85 Rn Radon 86 Fr Francium 87 227 Ac Actinium 89 † 9 Be Beryllium 4 I II III IV V VI VII 0 85 Rb Rubidium 37 133 Cs Caesium 55 226 Ra Radium 88 The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). a X b a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b = proton (atomic) number Key *58-71 Lanthanoid series †90-103 Actinoid series