Cambridge IGCSE Physical Education 0413 — 2025 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Turn over * 2 1 4 3 1 0 0 6 2 4 * Cambridge IGCSE™ PHYSICAL EDUCATION 0413/11 Paper 1 Theory May/June 2025 1 hour 45 minutes You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 100. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. DC (DE/FC) 345652/3 © UCLES 2025 ,










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2 0413/11/ M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 1 One of the functions of the human skeleton is to provide shape and support. Identify two other functions of the skeleton. 1 … 2 … [2] 2 The diagram shows an athlete using power and flexibility to perform a high jump. (a) Other than power and flexibility, explain how two named components of fitness would benefit a high jumper’s performance. component of fitness 1 … benefit … … component of fitness 2 … benefit … … [4] (b) Describe how a named recognised test for power is carried out. name of test … description … … … … … … [4] * 0000800000002 * ,










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3 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over (c) (i) State the main muscle fibre type that is used during a high jump take off. … [1] (ii) Describe two ways this muscle fibre type benefits a high jumper. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (d) Plyometric training may be used to improve power. Suggest three exercises that could be included in a plyometric training session. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] (e) Describe three disadvantages of using plyometric training. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] [Total: 17] * 0000800000003 * ,










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4 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 3 The photographs A, B and C show a performer completing the upward and downward phases of a bicep curl. A B C (a) Describe the antagonistic muscle action taking place in the upper arms from photograph A to B. … … … … … … [3] (b) In photograph B the performer holds the weights in a stationary position. State the type of muscle contraction taking place at this point. … [1] (c) The elbow joint is classified as a synovial joint. Describe the function of one named component of a synovial joint. component … function … … [2] [Total: 6] * 0000800000004 * ,










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5 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over 4 Suggest strategies to overcome each of the following barriers to participation in physical activities for people over 60 years of age: limited provision … … … … … … … … limited access. … … … … … … … … [6] * 0000800000005 * ,










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6 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 5 (a) Complete the table to describe how the ribs and diaphragm move during inhalation and exhalation during normal breathing. inhalation exhalation ribs … … … … … … … … diaphragm … … … … … … … … [4] (b) Complete the sentences to describe changes to the lungs during inhalation and exhalation. The volume of air in the lungs … during inhalation. The pressure of air in the lungs … causing exhalation. [2] (c) Identify two breathing volumes that do not increase during exercise. 1 … 2 … [2] [Total: 8] 6 Describe three features of good social health and well-being as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] * 0000800000006 * ,










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7 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over 7 Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) can lead to negative health implications for the person taking them. (a) Suggest three other disadvantages of PEDs. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] (b) Blood doping is another prohibited method that can be used to improve performance. (i) Identify a physical activity that is most likely to benefit from blood doping. … [1] (ii) Describe one possible benefit to performance from blood doping. … … [1] (iii) Describe one possible side effect of blood doping. … … [1] [Total: 6] * 0000800000007 * ,










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8 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 8 Complete the table to describe three ways association football as sport differs from association football as play. An example has been provided. association football as sport association football as play a maximum of 11 players in each team any number of people can take part 1 2 3 [3] 9 The diagram shows a sprinter starting a race. (a) Explain the effect of three named forces acting on the sprinter as they start the race. force 1 … effect … … force 2 … effect … … force 3 … effect … … [6] * 0000800000008 * ,










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9 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over (b) (i) Identify the class of lever being used at the ankle at the start of the race. … [1] (ii) Draw and label a diagram of the lever identified in (b)(i). [2] [Total: 9] 10 Suggest one physical activity that might typically be played by a performer who has an introverted personality type. Give two different justifications for the activity suggested. activity … justification 1 … … justification 2 … … [3] * 0000800000009 * ,










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10 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 11 The diagram shows the human heart. (a) Identify the following features of the heart by placing the letters A, B, C and D in the appropriate boxes on the diagram. A right atrium B aorta C vena cava D pulmonary vein [4] (b) Complete the table to identify the type of blood vessel described by each of the following statements: statement blood vessel walls are single cell in thickness thick muscular walls [2] * 0000800000010 * ,










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11 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over (c) Describe two long-term effects of regular aerobic exercise on the heart. 1 … … 2 … … [2] (d) The intensity of exercise is a factor that can affect recovery time. State two other factors that can affect the recovery time of a performer. 1 … … 2 … … [2] [Total: 10] * 0000800000011 * ,









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12 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 12 (a) For each type of performer, complete the table to identify a different food source rich in each nutrient and a different benefit that each nutrient may provide. type of performer nutrient food source benefit cross-country runner fats … … … … … … … … shot putter protein … … … … … … … … 50-metre swimmer carbohydrates … … … … … … … … [6] (b) Explain why water is a vital part of a marathon runner’s diet. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 9] * 0000800000012 * ,









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13 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over 13 Optimal level of arousal varies for different skills. (a) Explain why two skills from a named physical activity require different optimal levels of arousal. physical activity … skill 1 … … explanation … … skill 2 … … explanation … … [4] (b) Suggest three effects of overarousal on performance. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [3] (c) Name and describe one relaxation technique a performer may use to control arousal. relaxation technique … description … … [2] [Total: 9] * 0000800000013 * ,









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14 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 14 The diagrams A and B show stages of a performer kicking a ball. The knee of the kicking leg is labelled X. X A B X (a) Identify the type of movement at the knee of the kicking leg from diagram A to diagram B. … [1] (b) Identify the two bones that form the knee joint. … and … [2] (c) Describe the role of tendons during movement at the knee. … … … … [2] (d) Suggest two possible causes of tendon injuries. 1 … … 2 … … [2] * 0000800000014 * ,









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15 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 (e) The RICE method of treatment is often used to treat tendon injuries. Describe a different benefit of each of the following stages of the RICE method of treatment: rest … … compression. … … [2] [Total: 9] * 0000800000015 * ,









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16 0413/11/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE * 0000800000016 * ,









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This document consists of 22 printed pages. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 [Turn over Cambridge IGCSE™ PHYSICAL EDUCATION 0413/11 Paper 1 Theory May/June 2025 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 100 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2025 series for most Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 2 of 22 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alon gside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 3 of 22 GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thre sholds or grade descriptors in mind. Science-Specific Marking Principles 1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly. 2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored. 3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation fro m other syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection). 4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted. 5 ‘List rule’ guidance For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …): • The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided. • Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n. • Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n. • Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should be treated as a single incorrect response. • Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 4 of 22 6 Calculation specific guidance Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show your working’. For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values. For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1 and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme. Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded. Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme. 7 Guidance for chemical equations Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme. State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 5 of 22 Annotations guidance for centres Examiners use a system of annotations as a shorthand for communicating their marking decisions to one another. Examiners are trained during the standardisation process on how and when to use annotations. The purpose of annotations is to inform the standard isation and monitoring processes and guide the supervising examiners when they are checking the work of examiners within their team. The meaning of annotations and how they are used is specific to each component and is understood by all examiners who mark the component. We publish annotations in our mark schemes to help centres understand the annotations they may see on copies of scripts. Note that there may not be a direct correlation between the number of annotations on a script and the mark awarded. Similarly, the use of an annotation may not be an indication of the quality of the response. The annotations listed below were available to examiners marking this component in this series. Annotations Annotation Meaning correct point or mark awarded incorrect point or mark not awarded benefit of the doubt given error carried forward applied point has been noted, but no credit has been given or blank page seen response is too vague or there is insufficient detail in response Incomplete answer linked consideration of points linked consideration of points

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 6 of 22 Annotation Meaning repetition in response information missing or insufficient for credit contradiction in response, mark not awarded

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 7 of 22 Question Answer Marks 1 1 mark for each function. 2 from: muscle attachment for movement; protection (of vital organs); (red) blood cell production; 2 Question Answer Marks 2(a) 1 mark for an appropriate component (2 marks max). 1 mark for an appropriate benefit (2 marks max). agility; benefit: to be able to change the angle / direction of the run up to the bar quickly; balance; benefit: to be able to jump upwards without losing control of the position of the body / without falling over; coordination; benefit: to be able to flick the legs while raising the arms at the same time to clear the bar; muscular endurance; benefit: to be able to perform repeated jumps throughout a competition without tiring; speed; benefit: to be able to accelerate towards the bar in the run up; strength; benefit: to be able to push off the ground to gain height in the jump; Accept alternative explanations. 4

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 8 of 22 Question Answer Marks 2(b) 1 mark for naming an appropriate test. 3 marks max. for the description. Test: Vertical Jump Test; subject adjusts vertical jump board so that the lower edge touches fingertips when arms are extended overhead and if body fully stretched with feet flat on the floor OR (if a vertical jump board is not available) subject stands sideways on to wall with feet flat and extends arm nearest wall upwards to make mark with chalk held in fingers; subject bends knees and jumps as high as possible; marking the board / wall at the highest point using chalk or equivalent method; measure the difference between the two marks; (the best score from 3 attempts is recorded and) compared to normative data tables; 4 2(c)(i) 1 mark for: fast twitch (muscle fibre); 1 2(c)(ii) 1 mark for each benefit. 2 from: produce large amounts of force; short period of time; anaerobic / can work without oxygen; contract quickly; 2

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 9 of 22 Question Answer Marks 2(d) 1 mark for each suggestion. 3 from: examples could include: 180–degree jump; broad jump; clap press up; box jump; depth jump; tuck jump; hurdle jumps; bounding; hopping exercises; Accept other appropriate examples. 3 2(e) 1 mark for each description. 3 from: high amount of stress on muscle / joints; (increases the possibility) of injury from falling off equipment; (increases the possibility) of injury; need to develop / have good technique before undertaking jumps; equipment needed for jumps; safe / soft landing areas needed; high number of rest days / recovery periods required; could be dangerous if used with untrained performers / young performers; should limit the use of this type of training / need high level of fitness; does not improve aerobic respiration; Accept other appropriate descriptions. 3

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 10 of 22 Question Answer Marks 3(a) 1 mark for each description (2 marks max. for bicep related answer / 2 marks max. for triceps related answer). the bicep muscle contracts / shortens / concentric contraction; the bicep works as the agonist; the bicep pulls the radius bone towards the shoulder; the triceps relaxes / lengthens; the triceps work as the antagonist; 3 3(b) 1 mark for: isometric (contraction); 1 3(c) 1 mark for a correctly named component. 1 mark for an appropriate function. synovial fluid; function: act as a lubricant / reduces friction / reduces wear and tear; OR synovial membrane; function: produces synovial fluid / surrounds the joint capsule with synovial fluid; OR joint capsule; function: protects the joint; OR ligament; function: holds the bones together / keeps the bones in place; OR cartilage; function: acts as a cushion to stop bones knocking together / acts as a shock absorber / protects the ends of bones; 2

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 11 of 22 Question Answer Marks 4 1 mark for each suggestion. Marks can be awarded 4 / 2, 3 / 3, 2 / 4 to gain full marks. provision (sub.max. 4) reduced price for older people; sports clubs / centres can adapt sports such as walking football / netball; increase the number of facilities / activities available; providing adapting equipment; create links with local sports clubs; meeting the needs of an older population / listen to the needs / interests of older people; support for older people at events; provide less competitive / physical demanding activities; ensure that activities have a social element to them; access (sub.max.4) provide free transport to make it easier to travel to facilities; ramps / parking spaces that give easier access to a facility; facilities on ground floor level to avoid stairs / have lifts to enable access to facilities not on the ground floor; greater links between health workers and sports providers; hold activities at more appropriate times for older people; Accept other appropriate suggestions. 6

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 12 of 22 Question Answer Marks 5(a) 1 mark for each correct response. inhalation exhalation ribs moves outwards AND upwards; moves inwards AND downwards; diaphragm contracts AND becomes flatter; relaxes AND domes / upwards; 4 5(b) 1 mark for each correctly completed sentence. The volume of air in the lungs increases; during inhalation. The pressure of air in the lungs increases; causing exhalation. 2 5(c) 2 marks for: residual volume; vital capacity; 2 Question Answer Marks 6 1 mark for each feature. 3 from: essential human needs are met; friendship and support; have value in society; ability to mix with other people; Accept alternative wording. 3

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 13 of 22 Question Answer Marks 7(a) 1 mark for each disadvantage suggested. 3 from: financial penalty / fines; loss of sponsorship; public humiliation / ruined reputation; disqualification / being banned; effect on other competitors / unfair advantage; loss of records / medals; Accept other appropriate suggestions. 3 7(b)(i) 1 mark for: cross country (distance running) / long distance (road) cycling / open water swimming; Accept other appropriate endurance activities. 1 7(b)(ii) 1 mark for: cardiovascular endurance increases / can perform for longer without fatigue; 1 7(b)(iii) 1 mark for: blood becomes more viscous (thicker) / increases chance of heart attack / stroke / pulmonary embolism / increases risk of infection / kidney disease / liver disease / high blood pressure; 1

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 14 of 22 Question Answer Marks 8 1 mark for each difference described. 3 marks from: association football as a sport association football as play sport needs officials AND play does not have / need officials; must have rules / sport has stringent rules AND play may have no rules / may have basic rules / rules can be made up by those who are playing; sport has a high level of organisation / predetermined boundaries / numbers / time constraints / equipment AND play activities can be spontaneous / low level of organisation; sport requires more exertion / play to a higher standard / large amounts of training required AND play is rarely at the same level of intensity / often at a low standard / no training; sport is competitive / players play to win AND play is usually not serious / can be non-competitive; sport can be a career / earn money AND play is done for health / fun / enjoyment / social reasons; sport has specific tactics / strategies AND play may have no tactics / strategies; Accept other appropriate differences. 3

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 15 of 22 Question Answer Marks 9(a) 1 mark for each force (3 marks max). 1 mark for explaining an appropriate effect of the force (3 marks max). gravity; effect: pulls the sprinter towards the ground as they drive out of the blocks / forces the sprinter’s feet to return to the ground; muscular force; effect: the power the sprinter exerts to push himself out of the blocks quicker / continues to be applied through to the ground; air resistance; effect: the faster the sprinter accelerates there is greater air resistance which will slow the sprinter down / acts in opposite direction to motion to slow them down / acts against the runner to slow them down; ground reaction force; effect: the force from the ground to the sprinter that is equal and opposite to the action force / the harder the sprinter pushes the force downwards and backwards helps to move the sprinter upwards and forwards; 6 9(b)(i) 1 mark for: second class lever; 1 9(b)(ii) 1 mark for the correct position of resistance in the middle; 1 mark for the fulcrum and effort at each end; (fulcrum-resistance-effort / effort-resistance-fulcrum) 2

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 16 of 22 Question Answer Marks 10 1 mark for an appropriate activity. 1 mark for each justification (2 marks max). activities could include: long-distance running / road cycling / swimming / table tennis (singles); justification: are able to train on their own / like to be on their own; has no form of physical contact during a match; requires a high level of concentration and accuracy; low pain threshold; low levels of arousal; Accept other appropriate justifications. 3

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 17 of 22 Question Answer Marks 11(a) 1 mark for each feature correctly labelled. 4 11(b) 1 mark for each correct blood vessel. statement blood vessel walls are single cell in thickness capillaries; thick muscular walls arteries; 2 D; B; C; A;

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 18 of 22 Question Answer Marks 11(c) 1 mark for describing each change to the heart. 2 from: heart size increases (hypertrophy); heart becomes stronger; reduce the possibility of heart disease; resting heart rate decreases (bradycardia); stroke volume increases; cardiac output increases; 2 11(d) 1 mark for each factor. age; level of fitness / type of training undertaken; genetics; diet / hydration; use of cool down techniques / use of recovery techniques e.g. ice baths; lifestyle choices; amount / quality of sleep; environmental conditions; amount of lactic acid; 2

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 19 of 22 Question Answer Marks 12(a) 1 mark for each correct food source (3 marks max). 1 mark for each benefit (3 marks max). performer nutrient food source benefit cross- country runner fats red meats / butter / cooking oils / cheese / bacon; long term energy supply; shot putter protein low fat meat (chicken) / dairy / beans / eggs / fish / red meat; Increase in muscle repair / muscle mass; 50 metre swimmer carbohydrates fruits / bread / grains / starchy vegetables / sugars / pasta / rice; short term energy source; Accept other appropriate food sources. 6 12(b) 1 mark for each correct answer. prevents dehydration; regulates body temperature / reduces the possibility of heat exhaustion; assists in removing waste products; carries nutrients to muscles; delays fatigue; maintains mental alertness during the race / improves decision making; essential to aid recovery; aids digestion; 3

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 20 of 22 Question Answer Marks 13(a) 1 mark for identifying an appropriate skill (2 marks max). 1 mark for each explanation (2 marks max). skills with low level of arousal could include: spin bowling in cricket / kicking a penalty in rugby / taking a free throw in basketball / shooting in netball / putting in golf; explanation: skills that have lower levels of arousal usually require high levels of precision / accuracy / concentration / control / need to remain calm; skills with high level of arousal could include: fast bowling in cricket / tackling in rugby / jumping to rebound the ball in basketball / driving the ball in golf; explanation: skills that have higher levels of arousal usually require strength / speed / power / are physically demanding; 4 13(b) 1 mark for each effect. 3 from: decrease in performance / increase in the number of errors; loss of control / increase in muscle tension / judgement becomes less effective; over aggressive; poor decision making / loss of concentration; greater levels of emotion; increase in reaction time; Accept other appropriate effects. 3

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 21 of 22 Question Answer Marks 13(c) 1 mark for a named relaxation technique. 1 mark for an appropriate description. visualisation; think through a time when performing well / being successful; OR mental rehearsal; think through the skills or tactics to be used in the game /match; OR deep breathing; a learnt way of controlled depth and speed of breathing; OR warm up; using familiar movements; Accept other appropriate techniques. 2

0413/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 22 of 22 Question Answer Marks 14(a) 1 mark for the movement. extension; 1 14(b) 1 mark for each named bone. femur; tibia; 2 14(c) 1 mark for each description. joins muscle to bone; (hamstring) tendon pulls the tibia to create flexion; (quadricep) tendon pulls on the tibia to create extension; absorb some of the impact during movement; 2 14(d) 1 mark for each appropriate cause. 2 from: over extension / over-stretching / twisting movement at the joint; overtraining / over-use of the same joint / muscle group; high intensity of the activity / sudden movement / pushing too hard in an activity; impact with objects / falls / sudden stops; poor technique; lack of warm up; Accept other appropriate causes. 2 14(e) 1 mark for an appropriate benefit of each of the named stages. rest: prevent the injury from further damage; compression: helps to decrease swelling / reduce blood flow to the injured area / reduces pain / immobilise; 2