Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2009 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 14 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. SP (CM/CGW) T64765/6 © UCLES 2009 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. * 1 6 4 4 5 2 4 5 1 1 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/02 Paper 2 May/June 2009 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. For Examiner’s Use Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total www.theallpapers.com

2 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 For Examiner’s Use 1 The map extract is for Shamva, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows the position of some features in the south west part of the map extract. Study the map extract and Fig. 1 and answer the questions below. 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 84 83 82 81 80 85 84 83 82 81 80 85 B E D C F A Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A (4184); …[1] (ii) the type of road at B (4384); …[1] (iii) the land use in area C (4482); …[1] (iv) feature D (4381); …[1] (v) the type of feature at E (4280); …[1] (vi) the features at F (4781, 4680). …[1] www.theallpapers.com

3 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) Fig. 2 shows part of the mining area of Shamva. 46 47 48 49 46 86 87 88 86 87 88 47 48 49 Fig. 2 State three functions or services found in this area. (i) … (ii) … (iii) … [3] www.theallpapers.com

4 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 For Examiner’s Use (c) Fig. 3 shows two areas of the map. These are at Richlands and Grahamsdale. 86 85 84 83 82 81 86 85 84 83 82 81 51 52 53 54 55 56 51 52 53 54 55 56 GRAHAMSDALE RICHLANDS Fig. 3 Table 1 compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Table 1 Richlands Grahamsdale Neither of these areas Example: large area of bush – ✓ – line of huts steep slopes quarry or excavation power line high density of drainage [5] www.theallpapers.com

5 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (d) Fig. 4 shows part of the valley of the Mazowe river in the north east part of the map. 89 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 52 53 880 880 54 55 56 57 58 90 91 92 89 90 91 92 Fig. 4 On Fig. 4, use the letter indicated to show the position of: (i) a weir (W); (ii) the river’s flood plain (F); (iii) the confluence (joining point) of the Mushambanyama river with the Mazowe river (C). [3] (e) Look at the bridge where the wide tarred road crosses the Mazowe River in the north of the map (482906). (i) What is the distance along the road, between the bridge and the 945 metre spot height in Shamva (472861)? Circle the correct answer. 3 950 metres 4 200 metres 4 650 metres 4 900 metres [1] (ii) The road at the bridge is 900 metres above sea level. Calculate the gradient along the road from the bridge to the 945 metre spot height in Shamva (472861). Horizontal distance = … Difference in height = … Gradient = 1 in … [2] [Total: 20 marks] www.theallpapers.com

6 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 For Examiner’s Use 2 Study Fig. 5, which shows the structure of the total New Zealand population, and Fig. 6, which shows the structure of the Maori population in 2006. The Maori people form part of the population of New Zealand. Total New Zealand population, 2006 15 10 Male 5 0 5 – 9 0 – 4 Percentage 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 50 – 54 55 – 59 Age (years) 60 – 64 65 – 69 70 – 74 75 – 79 80 – 84 85+ 0 5 10 15 Female Fig. 5 Maori population, 2006 Male 15 10 5 0 5 – 9 0 – 4 Percentage 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 50 – 54 55 – 59 Age (years) 60 – 64 65 – 69 70 – 74 75 – 79 80 – 84 85+ 0 5 10 15 Female Fig. 6 www.theallpapers.com

7 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (a) In 2006, 10% of the male Maori population were aged 15–19 and 5% of the female Maori population were aged 50-54. Complete Fig. 6 by adding this data. [2] (b) Complete the following sentences by adding the words greater or less. (i) The percentage of 0–14 year olds in the Maori population is… than the percentage of 0–14 year olds in the total New Zealand population. [1] (ii) The percentage of over 55 year olds in the Maori population is … than the percentage of over 55 year olds in the total New Zealand population. [1] (iii) The percentage of 35–49 year olds in the Maori population is … than the percentage of 35–49 year olds in the total New Zealand population. [1] (c) In 2006, the Maori population formed 14% of the total New Zealand population. (i) Using evidence from Figs 5 and 6 only, suggest how this may change over the next 50 years. … … [1] (ii) Explain your answer to (c)(i). … … … … … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

8 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 For Examiner’s Use 3 Photograph A (Insert) shows an area of small-scale subsistence agriculture in Asia. (a) Describe the relief of the area shown in Photograph A. … … … … … … … … [4] (b) The natural vegetation of the area is tropical rain forest but the forest has been affected by human activity. Which of the following statements describe the distribution of forest shown in Photograph A? Circle two correct statements. • covering the whole area • on the highest land • on the steepest slopes • in valleys • completely removed [2] (c) Soil erosion is a problem in the area shown in Photograph A. What features shown in the photograph may encourage soil erosion? … … … … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

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10 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 For Examiner’s Use 4 The United Kingdom plans to increase the percentage of electricity it produces from renewable energy sources. Fig. 7 shows the percentage produced from renewable sources in 2005 and the targets for 2010, 2015 and 2020. 25 20 15 2005 2010 target target target Year percentage of electricity from renewable sources 2015 2020 10 5 Fig. 7 (a) State the target for the percentage of electricity to be produced from renewable sources in 2015. … [1] (b) The target for electricity from renewable sources in 2020 is 20%. Plot this information as a pie chart on Fig 8. Use the key provided. non - renewable sources Key renewable sources Fig. 8 [3] www.theallpapers.com

11 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) Wind power is one renewable energy source. Fig. 9 shows a wind farm and some of the advantages and disadvantages of wind power. WIND FARM It will not run out Visual impact Amount of wind is variable No carbon dioxide emissions or air pollution Turbines may kill birds May increase electricity costs for consumers Minimal risk of serious accidents Potential effect on house prices and tourism Older wind farms cause some concern over noise No need to dig underground for it Quick to build and easy to remove Can be generated on land or on sea Fig. 9 A new wind farm is to be built. Using Fig. 9 only, suggest how this may affect: (i) energy supplies; … … … … [2] (ii) the natural environment. … … … … [2] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

12 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 For Examiner’s Use 5 Fig. 10 is a map showing the islands of Japan and the surrounding region. Plate boundaries, plate movements and selected earthquakes are shown. The depth of the focus of each earthquake is shown. The focus of an earthquake is the place in the Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates. CHINA Eurasian Plate Philippine Plate Key Direction of plate movement Earthquake focus shallower than 100m below the Earth’s surface Plate boundary Pacific Plate Sea of Japan Earthquake focus between 100m and 400m below the Earth’s surface Earthquake focus deeper than 400m below the Earth’s surface 0 200 km N Pacific Ocean Fig. 10 www.theallpapers.com

13 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (a) Which of the following statements describe the plate movements shown on Fig. 10? Tick two correct statements. Statement Tick plates sliding past each other plates moving towards each other plates moving away from each other plates moving north west and south east plates moving north east and south west plates moving north and south [2] (b) Describe one feature of the distribution of the following earthquakes shown on Fig. 10: (i) earthquakes with their focus shallower than 100 m below the Earth’s surface; … … [1] (ii) earthquakes with their focus between 100 m and 400 m below the Earth’s surface; … … [1] (iii) earthquakes with their focus deeper than 400 m below the Earth’s surface. … … [1] (c) Explain why and how earthquakes occur in the area shown on Fig. 10. … … … … … … [3] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

14 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 For Examiner’s Use 6 Fig. 11 is a map showing the four main iron and steel manufacturing centres in South Africa. Table 2 shows further information about these centres. Saldanha 0 Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean 200 km N 1 2 3 Vereeniging Vanderbijlpark 4 Newcastle Key = iron and steel manufacturing = iron ore mining = coal mining 1 Western Cape densely populated areas 2 Eastern Cape 3 Gauteng 4 Durban – Pietermaritzburg international boundary Fig. 11 Table 2 Newcastle Saldanha Vanderbijlpark Vereeniging Percentage of South African output 23 17 54 6 Main market South Africa Export South Africa South Africa Labour force 2200 685 5200 1300 www.theallpapers.com

15 0460/02/M/J/09 © UCLES 2009 For Examiner’s Use (a) Fig. 12 is a divided bar graph showing the output of the iron and steel centres as a percentage of the South African output. Use the information in Table 2 to complete Fig. 12. Newcastle Saldanha Percentage of South African output Vanderbijlpark Vereeniging 20 40 60 80 100 0 Fig. 12 [3] (b) Factors affecting the location of the iron and steel industry include: • raw materials – coal and iron ore • local markets • international markets • transport costs • labour Using Fig. 11 and Table 2, describe the advantages and disadvantages of the location of the iron and steel industry at Saldanha. … … … … … … … … … … … … [5] [Total: 8 marks] www.theallpapers.com

16 0460/02/M/J/09 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 Photograph A D.A. Kelly © UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. www.theallpapers.com

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2009 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/02 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2009 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.theallpapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2009 0460 02 © UCLES 2009 1 (a) (i) railway, [1] (ii) narrow tarred, [1] (iii) cultivation, [1] (iv) mine dump, (mark first given) [1] (v) trigonometrical station/trig point/pillar, [1] (vi) dam(s)/reservoir(s), [1] (b) hospital/medical, aerodrome/landing area/airstrip, (airport = 0) sports (field), police station/law/security, post office/postal, district administration office/administration/local government, sewage (pond), rifle (range), mine = 0 Points may be expressed as service or function. [3] (c) Richlands Grahamsdale Neither of these areas line of huts
steep slopes
quarry or excavation
power line
high density of drainage
More than one tick per row = 0 [5] www.theallpapers.com

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2009 0460 02 © UCLES 2009 (d) W and C as shown, F between 880 metre contours, More than half letter within tolerance (or an arrow etc. within tolerance) More than one attempt and one is wrong = 0 [3] (e) (i) 4650 metres, More than one circled = 0 [1] (ii) No mark for horizontal distance Difference in height = 45 (metres), 1 in 103, Carry errors forward from (e)(i) and (ii) but the horizontal distance must be the one used in (e)(i). E.g. answers using 45 m 1 in 87/8 (from 3950 m) 1 in 93 (from 4200 m) 1 in 108/9. (from 4900 m) [2] www.theallpapers.com

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2009 0460 02 © UCLES 2009 2 (a) 10% correctly plotted, 5% correctly plotted, Don’t insist on shading. [2] (b) (i) greater, (allow more etc.) [1] (ii) less, [1] (iii) less, [1] (c) (i) Maori percentage will increase, (allow expressions linked back to the question) [1] (ii) large(r) young population, high(er) birth rate, large(r) child bearing population/young adults, more births in the future, Allow transfer of marks between (i) and (ii) Allow answers expressed in terms of the non-Maori population. [2] 3 (a) hilly/hills, (high/mountains/upland = 0) steep slopes, gentle/flatter in foreground/on right, low(er) in foreground/on right, many/small valleys, narrow/V shaped valley, spur/ridge, [4] (b) on highest land, in valleys, More than two circled = 0 [2] (c) steep slopes, bare ground/lack of vegetation/little vegetation, deforestation/removal of vegetation, Absence of trees = 0 [2] www.theallpapers.com

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2009 0460 02 © UCLES 2009 4 (a) 15(%), [1] (b) segment drawn between 67° and 77° = 1, segment drawn between 71° and 73° = 2, correct key used for renewable = 1, e.g. not diagonal shading or dots (mark the smaller segment) [3] (c) (i) increased supply, won’t run out/sustainable, renewable = 0 variable supply, costs may increase, [2] (ii) birds killed/injured, animals frightened by noise, improved air quality/no air pollution/reduced CO2 emissions, habitats not affected by digging, pollution alone/noise pollution alone/visual pollution = 0 [2] 5 (a) plates moving towards each other, plates moving north west and south east, If more than two ticks = 0. [2] (b) (i) in Pacific Ocean, close to/west of/along plate boundary, off east coast of Japan, [1] (ii) in Japan/islands, further from/away from plate boundary, west of shallow earthquakes, [1] (iii) in Sea of Japan/China, far from plate boundary, west of other earthquakes, off west coast of Japan, in south/Philippine Plate, (allow “near to” Philippine Plate) Allow “on Eurasian Plate” to score once in either (i) or (ii) Allow “linear pattern” to score once in (b) in water, on land = 0 [1] www.theallpapers.com

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2009 0460 02 © UCLES 2009 (c) plates converge, (contradictions = 0 but note the movements on Fig. 10) subduction/description of subduction, Pacific Plate beneath Eurasian Plate, friction, compression/stress/pressure, fracturing/faulting/sudden movement, release of energy, (release of pressure = 0) Benioff Zone/earthquake zone deeper to west, Destructive margin = 0 [3] 6 (a) two correct lines plotted = 2 (17/54/6 mm), correct use of key = 1, [3] (b) distant from (South African) coal/ore/raw materials, high transport costs for raw materials, market in Western Cape/nearby densely populated area, concentrates on export/main market is export, distant from other internal markets, coastal location/sea transport for export, coastal location/sea transport for import of raw materials, (allow “near to coast” for coastal location in these points) sea transport alone = 1 if neither of the above score, (coastal location alone = 0) sea transport cheap(er)/land transport (more) expensive, labour Western Cape/nearby densely populated area, Allow points expressed as advantages or disadvantages where relevant. [5] www.theallpapers.com