Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 — 2008 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. SPA (DR/DR) T46752/5 © UCLES 2008 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. GEOGRAPHY 0460/02 Paper 2 October/November 2008 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper 1:25 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper. For Examiner’s Use Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total www.XtremePapers.com

2 0460/02/O/N/08 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 1 The map extract is for part of the island of Mauritius. The scale is 1:25 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows the position of some features in the south east part of the map extract. Study the map extract and Fig. 1, and answer the questions on the opposite page. F E D C B A 94 93 92 91 26 27 28 29 30 Fig. 1

3 0460/02/O/N/08 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 Using the map extract, name the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A (2892); …[1] (ii) feature B (2691); …[1] (iii) the plantation crop in area C (2692); …[1] (iv) the land-use in area D (2793); …[1] (v) river E (2693); …[1] (vi) the class of road at F (2693). …[1]

4 0460/02/O/N/08 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 (b) Study the River Sèche from the western edge of the map (250933) to the sea (275931). (i) In which general direction does the river flow? Circle the correct answer. east to west north east to south west north to south west to east [1] (ii) Describe the shape of the river’s course. …[1] (iii) Measure the distance along the river, from the western edge of the map (250933) to the Hatchery (275931). Give your answer in metres. …metres [1] (c) Fig. 2 is a cross section drawn along northing 96 from the western edge of the map at 250960 to 290960. 250960 290960 0 10 20 30 40 50 height in metres B59 road Fig. 2 On Fig. 2, using labelled arrows, mark the positions of: (i) the old railway; (ii) the B61 Quatre Cocos Road; (iii) a hotel under construction. [3]

5 0460/02/O/N/08 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 (d) Table 1 compares the features of the coastline north and south of the main settlement at Trou d’Eau Douce (2695). Complete the table by putting ticks in the four correct boxes. Use one tick for each row. Table 1 Coastline north of Trou d’Eau Douce Coastline south of Trou d’Eau Douce Neither of these areas Example: Many islands – ✓ – Bays and river mouths Very sandy Areas of mangrove Cliffs [4] (e) The settlement at Trou d’Eau Douce and Lenferna is a small port. Suggest reasons for the growth of the port. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[4] [Total: 20 marks]

6 0460/02/O/N/08 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 2 Fig. 3 shows plates, plate margins and directions of plate movement. Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean North America South America Africa Europe Montserrat 7 6 1 3 4 5 2 Key plate margin plate movement Fig. 3 (a) Seven places, 1 – 7, are marked on the map. For each question write one number in each box. You may use any of the numbers 1 – 7 once, more than once or not at all. Which number on the map shows: (i) a place where plates are sliding past each other; (ii) a place where plates are moving towards each other; (iii) a place where sea floor spreading is happening; (iv) a fold mountain chain? [4]

7 0460/02/O/N/08 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 (b) The island of Montserrat is shown on Fig. 3. Read Fig. 4, an account of volcanic activity at Montserrat, and answer the questions which follow. Volcanic activity at Montserrat On 18 July 1995 the Soufrière Hills volcano in the south of the island of Montserrat became active for the first time in 350 years. By April 1996 volcanic activity forced the evacuation of the capital, Plymouth, and most of the south of the island. On 27 June 1997 a pyroclastic flow led to the deaths of 19 people and, in the following months, destroyed the centre of Plymouth. A major eruption occurred on 12/13 June 2003, following the collapse of a lava dome. Dome growth was then renewed. In February 2006 dome collapse led to pyroclastic flows and ash clouds. On 20 May 2006 there was further dome collapse which caused heavy deposits of ash and mud in the inhabited areas in the south of the island. Fig. 4 (i) Using information from Fig. 4 only, name two volcanic hazards affecting Montserrat. 1 … 2 …[1] (ii) Using evidence from Fig. 3, suggest the causes of volcanic activity at Montserrat. … … … … … … …[3] [Total: 8 marks]

8 0460/02/O/N/08 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 3 Table 2 shows the mean monthly temperatures and rainfall totals for an area with a tropical desert climate. Photograph A (Insert) shows the vegetation in the area. Table 2 J F M A M J J A S O N D temperature (°C) 24 23 22 20 16 14 14 16 21 22 25 26 rainfall (mm) 40 42 40 30 8 12 2 – 2 10 18 22 (a) (i) Use the information in Table 2 to complete Fig. 5, by adding the temperature and rainfall for October. 15 20 25 30 40 20 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D month temperature (°C) rainfall (mm) [1] Fig. 5 (ii) In which hemisphere is this area? …[1] (iii) Using the information in Table 2, calculate the annual temperature range. …°C [1] (iv) Using the information in Fig. 5, suggest why November and December are hotter than January and February. … … …[1]

9 0460/02/O/N/08 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 (b) Describe the vegetation in Photograph A (Insert). You should refer only to features seen in the photograph. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[4] [Total: 8 marks]

10 0460/02/O/N/08 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 4 (a) Table 3 shows numbers of international migrants given permission to stay in the United Kingdom and their reasons for moving. Fig. 6 shows this information in graphical form. Table 3 year Reasons for moving family reasons asylum economic reasons other reasons example: to join family example: to escape war example: to get a job example: … … 1999 42 000 38 000 16 000 2000 2001 57 000 29 000 15 000 6000 2003 66 000 20 000 33 000 21 000 0 20000 40000 60000 family reasons asylum economic reasons other reasons 1999 2001 2003 Key number of international migrants Fig. 6 (i) Use the information in Table 3 to complete Fig. 6. Use the key provided. [2] (ii) Describe the changes in the numbers moving for asylum and economic reasons. … … … …[2] (iii) Complete Table 3 by adding an example of one other reason for migration. [1]

11 0460/02/O/N/08 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 (b) Fig. 7 is a divided bar graph showing the origin of migrant workers in the United Kingdom in 2003. Key Asia Americas Africa Oceania Europe 0 20 40 60 80 100 migrant workers (%) Fig. 7 (i) Using information in Fig. 7, complete Table 4. Table 4 Asia Americas Europe Africa Oceania Percentage of migrants 42 15 6 [1] (ii) Use the information in Fig. 7 to complete Fig. 8. Use the key provided. Key Asia Americas Africa Oceania Europe [2] Fig. 8 [Total: 8 marks]

12 0460/02/O/N/08 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 5 Table 5 shows the levels of air pollutants in named cities in MEDCs and LEDCs. Table 5 Cities in more economically developed countries (MEDCs) Pollutant sulphur dioxide particles lead carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides ozone London ■ ■ ■ ● ■ ■ New York ■ ■ ■ ● ■ ● Los Angeles ■ ● ■ ● ● ■ Cities in less economically developed countries (LEDCs) Pollutant sulphur dioxide particles lead carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides ozone Mexico City ■ ■ ● ■ ● ■ Beijing ■ ■ ■ ● ■ ● Seoul ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Key Levels of pollutants ■ ■ serious ● ● high ■ ■ moderate ● ● low (a) Of the cities in Table 5, which is: (i) the most polluted city; … (ii) the least polluted city? …[2] (b) (i) Which two pollutants reach the highest levels in the cities in MEDCs? 1 … 2 … (ii) Which two pollutants reach the highest levels in the cities in LEDCs? 1 … 2 …[2]

13 0460/02/O/N/08 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 (c) Table 6 shows the percentages of pollutants produced by vehicles in the cities. Table 6 Pollutant sulphur dioxide particles lead carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides ozone Percentage produced by vehicles 4 14 – 50 1 70 – 90 more than 50 not produced directly Which two pollutants have the highest percentages? 1 … 2 …[1] (d) Using Tables 5 and 6, name the MEDC city with the most pollution from vehicles. …[1] (e) Suggest two means of reducing air pollution in cities. 1 … … … 2 … … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

14 0460/02/O/N/08 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 6 Fig. 9 below is a map of a rural area in Lesotho, southern Africa. Fig. 10 is a cross section between points X and Y on the map. Study the map and the cross section and answer the questions which follow. X Y R. S e n q u n y a n e ma in t ra ck Sp Sp Sp village N 0 1 km Key huts river steep slope spring main track minor track Fig. 9 N G C N N C G N rays of the sun River Senqunyane village village 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 height above sea level (metres) Key G grazing land C cultivated land N land not used 0 1 km Fig. 10 (a) Estimate the difference in height between the River Senqunyane and the highest point in the area. …[1]

15 0460/02/O/N/08 For Examiner’s Use © UCLES 2008 (b) Using information on Figs 9 and 10, describe and suggest reasons for the location of the villages. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[5] (c) Using evidence from Figs 9 and 10 only, suggest two reasons why some of the land is not used for cultivation or grazing. 1 … … 2 … …[2] [Total: 8 marks]

16 0460/02/O/N/08 BLANK PAGE © UCLES 2008 Copyright Acknowledgements: Map Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO © Crown copyright (2007). All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100046560. Question 3 Photograph A D. A. Kelly © UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2008 question paper 0460 GEOGRAPHY 0460/02 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2008 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 1 (a) (i) landing strip, no alternatives. [1] (ii) (sugar) factory, [1] (iii) sugar, [1] (iv) cultivation and (other) plantation, [1] (v) Sèche, [1] (vi) main B/B/B59, main alone = 0. [1] (b) (i) west to east. [1] (ii) meanders/bends, allow alternative wording. [1] (iii) 3200 – 3800 (metres). [1] (c) 3 arrows correctly placed on topographic profile Allowable tolerances, measured from left side of profile: (i) 18–22 mm, (ii) 117–120 mm, (iii) 146–150 mm. Allow arrows labelled by number or name. If arrows not within 5mm of profile max 2. Not shown by arrows, e.g. by crosses, max 2. [3] (d) 4 correctly placed ticks [4] Coastline north of Trou d’Eau Douce Coastline south of Trou d’Eau Douce Neither of these areas Bays and river mouths
Very sandy
Areas of mangrove
Cliffs
More than one tick per row = 0.

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 (e) natural harbour, sheltered bay/sheltered by headlands, sheltered by reef, shelter alone = 0 gap in reef/channel into port, gentle slopes, focus of routes/routes inland/routes to port, roads alone = 0 crops/sugar for export/crops linked to port, fishing/huitres, jetty/pier, tourism = 0 [4] 2 (a) (i) 2, (ii) 3, 5, (iii) 7, (iv) 3, [4] (b) eruptions, pyroclastic flows, ash, mud, dome collapse, 2 hazards = 1 mark [1] (c) plate margin, plates converge/destructive (margin), destructive plate margin = 2 subduction (or process described, e.g. plate sinks), melting, magma rises, decompression, If wrong types of plate are named (continental etc.) ignore this and allow points in the mark scheme to be credited. [3] 3 (a) (i) 22°C correctly plotted and line drawn and 10mm correctly plotted and shaded, [1] (ii) southern, [1] (iii) 12(°C), [1] (iv) (less rain therefore) less cloud cover, [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 (b) grass and trees/savanna = 1, Grass or trees on their own do not score. Grass yellow/brown/dry/dead, tufts/tussocks/clumps, bare ground/sparse/scattered/patchy, Trees flat topped/umbrella shaped, little foliage, widely spaced/scattered, thin trunks, Allow the points to score without using the words “grass” or “trees”. No reserved marks. [4] 4 (a) (i) Two bars added Must be correct height and position. Correct shading not required. [2] (ii) Asylum decrease, Economic reasons increase/steady then increase/decrease then increase, Figures alone = 0 [2] (iii) natural disasters (accept a range), education, religion, medical treatment, avoid disease, better climate environment, avoid racial prejudice, join friends, better quality of life, forced migration, bright lights/entertainment, to develop the area = 0 refugees alone = 0 better standard of living = 0 [1]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 (b) (i) 25 and 12, [1] (ii) 2 sectors correctly plotted Key must be correct Tolerances: Asia 150 – 152°, Europe 53 – 55°, Oceania 20 – 23°, [2] 5 (a) (i) Mexico City, (ii) London, [2] (b) (i) carbon monoxide and ozone, (ii) sulphur dioxide and particles, [2] (c) carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, [1] (d) Los Angeles, [1] (e) limiting vehicle numbers allowed in cities, specific vehicle designs, development of/encourage use of public transport/park and ride, smokeless zones, MOT/servicing cars, tax incentives, limit open fires/burning, filters for chimneys, catalytic converters, relocation of industry, encourage cycling/walking, car pooling, planting vegetation, congestion change, pollution legislation/permits, conversion of factories/power stations to new/green fuels, new/green vehicle fuels, new/green fuels alone = 1 reduce the number of factories = 0 reduce size of cities = 0 renewable energy alone = 0 [2]

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2008 0460 02 © UCLES 2008 6 (a) 850 – 950 metres, [1] (b) gentle(r) slopes/flatter/avoids steep/benches, flat = 0 cultivated land/crop growing, fertile land = 0 tracks, rivers, R. Senqunyane or the river = 0 spring, north facing/south slope, sunny aspect/gets sun’s rays, 2400 – 2600m, higher temperatures/highland cold, steep slopes for defence, avoid flooding = 0 Allow points as description or reasons. [5] (c) (too) steep, (too) high, (too) cold, (too) inaccessible/no roads, no water supply, no sun = 0 flooding = 0 [2]